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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<HEAD>
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<TITLE>BSc Projects</TITLE>
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<BASE HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/">
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<script type="text/javascript" src="striper.js"></script>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="nominal.css">
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<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.2/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML">
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</HEAD>
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<BODY TEXT="#000000"
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BGCOLOR="#4169E1"
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LINK="#0000EF"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
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VLINK="#51188E"
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ALINK="#FF0000"
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ONLOAD="striper('ul','striped','li','first,second')">
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<TABLE WIDTH="100%"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
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BGCOLOR="#4169E1"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
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BORDER="0"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
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FRAME="border"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
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CELLPADDING="10"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
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CELLSPACING="2"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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RULES="all">
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
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<TR>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
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<TD BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
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WIDTH="75%"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
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VALIGN="TOP">
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<H2>BSc Projects</H2>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<H4>Supervisor: Christian Urban</H4>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<H4>Email: christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk, Office: Bush House N7.07</H4>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<H4>Note that besides being a lecturer at the theoretical end of Computer Science, I am also a passionate
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_(programmer_subculture)">hacker</A> …
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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defined as “a person who enjoys exploring the details of programmable systems and
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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stretching their capabilities, as opposed to most users, who prefer to learn only the minimum
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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necessary.” I am always happy to supervise like-minded students.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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</H4>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<H4>In 2013/14, I was nominated by the students
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for the best BSc project supervisor and best MSc project supervisor awards in the NMES
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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faculty. Somehow I won both. In 2014/15 I was nominated again for the best MSc
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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project supervisor, but did not win it. ;o)
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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</H4>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<ul class="striped">
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<li> <H4 id="regex">[CU1] Regular Expressions, Lexing and Derivatives</H4>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<B>Description:</b>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression">Regular expressions</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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are extremely useful for many text-processing tasks, such as finding patterns in hostile
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="https://www.snort.org">network traffic</A>,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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lexing programs, syntax highlighting and so on. Given that regular expressions were
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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introduced in 1950 by <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Cole_Kleene">Stephen Kleene</A>,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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you might think regular expressions have since been studied and implemented to death. But you would definitely be
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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mistaken: in fact they are still an active research area. On the top of my head, I can give
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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you at least ten research papers that appeared in the last few years.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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For example
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.home.hs-karlsruhe.de/~suma0002/publications/regex-parsing-derivatives.pdf">this paper</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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about regular expression matching and derivatives was presented in 2014 at the international
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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FLOPS conference. Another <A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/Publications/posix.pdf">paper</A> by my PhD student and me was presented in 2016
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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at the international ITP conference.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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The task in this project is to implement these results and use them for lexing.</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<p>The background for this project is that some regular expressions are
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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“<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReDoS#Examples">evil</A>”
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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and can “stab you in the back” according to
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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this <A HREF="http://peterscott.github.io/2013/01/17/regular-expressions-will-stab-you-in-the-back/">blog post</A>.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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For example, if you use in <A HREF="http://www.python.org">Python</A> or
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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in <A HREF="http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/">Ruby</A> (or also in a number of other mainstream programming languages) the
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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innocently looking regular expression <code>a?{28}a{28}</code> and match it, say, against the string
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<code>aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa</code> (that is 28 <code>a</code>s), you will soon notice that your CPU usage goes to 100%. In fact,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Python and Ruby need approximately 30 seconds of hard work for matching this string. You can try it for yourself:
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://talisker.inf.kcl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/repos.cgi/afl-material/raw-file/tip/progs/catastrophic.py">catastrophic.py</A> (Python version) and
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://talisker.inf.kcl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/repos.cgi/afl-material/raw-file/tip/progs/catastrophic.rb">catastrophic.rb</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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(Ruby version). Here is a similar problem with the regular expression <code>(a*)*b</code> in Java:
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://talisker.inf.kcl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/repos.cgi/afl-material/raw-file/tip/progs/catastrophic.java">catastrophic.java</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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You can imagine an attacker
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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mounting a nice <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack">DoS attack</A> against
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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your program if it contains such an “evil” regular expression. But it can also happen by accident:
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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on 20 July 2016 the website <A HREF="http://stackstatus.net/post/147710624694/outage-postmortem-july-20-2016">Stack Exchange</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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was knocked offline because of an evil regular expression. One of their engineers talks about this in this
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="https://vimeo.com/112065252">video</A>. A similar problem needed to be fixed in the
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://davidvgalbraith.com/how-i-fixed-atom/">Atom</A> editor.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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A few implementations of regular expression matchers are almost immune from such problems.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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For example, <A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A> can deal with strings of up to 4,300 <code>a</code>s in less than a second. But if you scale
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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the regular expression and string further to, say, 4,600 <code>a</code>s, then you get a <code>StackOverflowError</code>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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potentially crashing your program. Moreover (beside the "minor" problem of being painfully slow) according to this
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Regex_Posix">report</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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nearly all regular expression matchers using the POSIX rules are actually buggy.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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On a rainy afternoon, I implemented
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://talisker.inf.kcl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/repos.cgi/afl-material/raw-file/tip/progs/re3.scala">this</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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regular expression matcher in Scala. It is not as fast as the official one in Scala, but
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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it can match up to 11,000 <code>a</code>s in less than 5 seconds without raising any exception
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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(remember Python and Ruby both need nearly 30 seconds to process 28(!) <code>a</code>s, and Scala's
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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official matcher maxes out at 4,600 <code>a</code>s). My matcher is approximately
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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85 lines of code and based on the concept of
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/2293">derivatives of regular expressions</A>.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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These derivatives were introduced in 1964 by <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janusz_Brzozowski_(computer_scientist)">
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
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Janusz Brzozowski</A>, but according to this
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="https://www.cs.kent.ac.uk/people/staff/sao/documents/jfp09.pdf">paper</A> had been lost in the “sands of time”.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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The advantage of derivatives is that they side-step completely the usual
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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<A HREF="http://hackingoff.com/compilers/regular-expression-to-nfa-dfa">translations</A> of regular expressions
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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into NFAs or DFAs, which can introduce the exponential behaviour exhibited by the regular
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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expression matchers in Python, Java and Ruby.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Now the authors from the
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.home.hs-karlsruhe.de/~suma0002/publications/regex-parsing-derivatives.pdf">FLOPS'14-paper</A> mentioned
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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above claim they are even faster than me and can deal with even more features of regular expressions
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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(for example subexpression matching, which my rainy-afternoon matcher cannot). I am sure they thought
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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about the problem much longer than a single afternoon. The task
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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in this project is to find out how good they actually are by implementing the results from their paper.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Their approach to regular expression matching is also based on the concept of derivatives.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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I used derivatives very successfully once for something completely different in a
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/Publications/rexp.pdf">paper</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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about the <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myhill–Nerode_theorem">Myhill-Nerode theorem</A>.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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So I know they are worth their money. Still, it would be interesting to actually compare their results
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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+ − 137
with my simple rainy-afternoon matcher and potentially “blow away” the regular expression matchers
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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in Python, Ruby and Java (and possibly in Scala too). The application would be to implement a fast lexer for
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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programming languages, or improve the network traffic analysers in the tools <A HREF="https://www.snort.org">Snort</A> and
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="https://www.bro.org">Bro</A>.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 141
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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+ − 144
<B>Literature:</B>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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The place to start with this project is obviously this
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.home.hs-karlsruhe.de/~suma0002/publications/regex-parsing-derivatives.pdf">paper</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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and this <A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/Publications/posix.pdf">one</A>.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Traditional methods for regular expression matching are explained
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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in the Wikipedia articles
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFA_minimization">here</A> and
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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+ − 151
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powerset_construction">here</A>.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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+ − 152
The authoritative <A HREF="http://infolab.stanford.edu/~ullman/ialc.html">book</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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+ − 153
on automata and regular expressions is by John Hopcroft and Jeffrey Ullmann (available in the library).
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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+ − 154
There is also an online course about this topic by Ullman at
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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+ − 155
<A HREF="https://www.coursera.org/course/automata">Coursera</A>, though IMHO not
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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+ − 156
done with love.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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+ − 157
There are millions of other pointers about regular expression
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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+ − 158
matching on the Web. I found the chapter on Lexing in this
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.diku.dk/~torbenm/Basics/">online book</A> very helpful. Finally, it will
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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+ − 160
be of great help for this project to take part in my Compiler and Formal Language module (6CCS3CFL).
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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+ − 161
Test cases for “<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReDoS#Examples">evil</A>”
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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regular expressions can be obtained from <A HREF="http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Regex_Posix">here</A>.
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<B>Skills:</B>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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This is a project for a student with an interest in theory and with
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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good programming skills. The project can be easily implemented
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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in functional languages like
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parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A>,
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parents:
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<A HREF="http://fsharp.org">F#</A>,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_ML">ML</A>,
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parents:
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<A HREF="http://haskell.org/haskellwiki/Haskell">Haskell</A>, etc. Python and other non-functional languages
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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can be also used, but seem much less convenient. If you do attend my Compilers and Formal Languages
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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module, that would obviously give you a head-start with this project.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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651
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<li> <H4>[CU1a] Grammars and Derivative-Based Parsing Algorithms</H4>
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Parsing is an old nut. Generations of software developers need to do parsing of data or text.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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There are zillions of links, tools, papers and textbooks about parsing. One particular
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="https://dickgrune.com/Books/PTAPG_1st_Edition/BookBody.pdf">book</A> contains something
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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like 700 different algorithm, nicely analysed and described. Surely, parsing must be a solved problem. Or is it?
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Laurie Tratt has a blog <A HREF="https://tratt.net/laurie/blog/entries/parsing_the_solved_problem_that_isnt.html">post</A>
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parents:
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about <i>Parsing: The Solved Problem That Isn't</i>. IMHO parsing is still a wide open field and not solved at all.
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parents:
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PEG parsing, error reporting, error correction, runtime to name just a few are aspects that seem to cause headaches
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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to developers, and to researchers.</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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A recent <A HREF="https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~jdy22/papers/a-typed-algebraic-approach-to-parsing.pdf">paper</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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follows an idea for regular expressions: it adapts the notion of
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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derivatives of regular expressions to grammars. The idea is to implement in a functional programming language
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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the parsing algorithm proposed in this paper and to try it out with some sample data. There is also
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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a recent PhD thesis about derivative-based parsing
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/287059?ln=en">Efficient Parsing with Derivatives and Zippers</A>.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<B>Literature:</B> <A HREF="https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~jdy22/papers/a-typed-algebraic-approach-to-parsing.pdf">paper</A>,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="https://lara.epfl.ch/~kuncak/papers/EdelmannETAL20ZippyLLParsingDerivatives.pdf">paper</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<B>Skills:</B> See [CU1].
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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651
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<li> <H4>[CU2] A Compiler for a small Programming Language</H4>
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<b>Description:</b>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Compilers translate high-level programs that humans can read and write into
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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efficient machine code that can be run on a CPU or virtual machine.
651
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A compiler for a simple functional language generating assembly code is described
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<A HREF="https://esumii.github.io/min-caml/paper.pdf">here</A>.
613
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I recently implemented a very simple compiler for an even simpler functional
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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programming language following this
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="https://www.cs.princeton.edu/~dpw/papers/tal-toplas.pdf">paper</A>
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parents:
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(also described <A HREF="https://www.cs.princeton.edu/~dpw/papers/tal-tr.pdf">here</A>).
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My code, written in <A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A>, for this compiler is
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<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/SystemF-compiler.scala">here</A>.
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The compiler can only deal with simple programs involving natural numbers, such
+ − 224
as Fibonacci numbers or factorial function (but it can be easily extended - that is not the point).
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The interesting feature in this compiler is that it can also deal with closure conversions and hoisting of
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nested functions.
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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While the hard work has been done (understanding the two papers above),
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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my compiler only produces some idealised machine code. For example I
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
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assume there are infinitely many registers. The goal of this
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project is to generate machine code that is more realistic and can
651
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run on a CPU, like X86, or run on a virtual machine, say the JVM.
+ − 235
You could also compile to the LLVM-IR.
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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This gives probably a speedup of thousand times in comparison to
651
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my naive machine code and tiny virtual machine. The project
+ − 238
requires to dig into the literature about real machine code.
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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An alternative is to not generate machine code, but build a compiler that compiles to
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.w3schools.com/js/">JavaScript</A>. This is the language that is supported by most
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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browsers and therefore is a favourite
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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vehicle for Web-programming. Some call it <B>the</B> scripting language of the Web.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Unfortunately, JavaScript is also probably one of the worst
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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languages to program in (being designed and released in a hurry). <B>But</B> it can be used as a convenient target
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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for translating programs from other languages. In particular there are two
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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very optimised subsets of JavaScript that can be used for this purpose:
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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one is <A HREF="http://asmjs.org">asm.js</A> and the other is
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="https://github.com/kripken/emscripten/wiki">emscripten</A>. Since
651
+ − 251
a few year ago there is even the official <A HREF="http://webassembly.org">Webassembly</A>
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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There is a <A HREF="http://kripken.github.io/emscripten-site/docs/getting_started/Tutorial.html">tutorial</A> for emscripten
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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and an impressive <A HREF="https://youtu.be/c2uNDlP4RiE">demo</A> which runs the
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unreal_Engine">Unreal Engine 3</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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in a browser with spectacular speed. This was achieved by compiling the
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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C-code of the Unreal Engine to the LLVM intermediate language and then translating the LLVM
651
+ − 257
code to JavaScript/Webassembly.
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 259
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 261
<B>Literature:</B>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
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There is a lot of literature about compilers
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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(for example <A HREF="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~appel/papers/cwc.html">this book</A> -
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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I can lend you my copy for the duration of the project, or this
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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<A HREF="http://www.diku.dk/~torbenm/Basics/">online book</A>). A very good overview article
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 266
about implementing compilers by
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 267
<A HREF="http://tratt.net/laurie/">Laurie Tratt</A> is
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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<A HREF="http://tratt.net/laurie/tech_articles/articles/how_difficult_is_it_to_write_a_compiler">here</A>.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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An online book about the Art of Assembly Language is
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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<A HREF="http://flint.cs.yale.edu/cs422/doc/art-of-asm/pdf/">here</A>.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 271
An introduction into x86 machine code is <A HREF="http://ianseyler.github.com/easy_x86-64/">here</A>.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 272
Intel's official manual for the x86 instruction is
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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<A HREF="http://download.intel.com/design/intarch/manuals/24319101.pdf">here</A>.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 274
Two assemblers for the JVM are described <A HREF="http://jasmin.sourceforge.net">here</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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and <A HREF="https://github.com/Storyyeller/Krakatau">here</A>.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 276
An interesting twist of this project is to not generate code for a CPU, but
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 277
for the intermediate language of the <A HREF="http://llvm.org">LLVM</A> compiler
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 278
(also described <A HREF="http://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html">here</A>). If you want to see
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 279
what machine code looks like you can compile your C-program using gcc -S.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 280
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 281
<p>
651
+ − 282
If JavaScript is chosen as a target instead, then there are plenty of
+ − 283
<A HREF="http://www.w3schools.com/js/">tutorials</A> on the Web.
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 284
<A HREF="http://jsbooks.revolunet.com">Here</A> is a list of free books on JavaScript.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 285
A project from which you can draw inspiration is this
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 286
<A HREF="http://jlongster.com/Outlet--My-Lisp-to-Javascript-Experiment">Lisp-to-JavaScript</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 287
translator. <A HREF="https://bitbucket.org/ktg/parenjs/overview">Here</A> is another such project.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
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And <A HREF="https://github.com/viclib/liscript">another</A> in less than 100 lines of code.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoffeeScript">Coffeescript</A> is a similar project
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 290
except that it is already quite <A HREF="http://coffeescript.org">mature</A>. And finally not to
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 291
forget <A HREF="http://www.typescriptlang.org">TypeScript</A> developed by Microsoft. The main
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 292
difference between these projects and this one is that they translate into relatively high-level
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 293
JavaScript code; none of them use the much lower levels <A HREF="http://asmjs.org">asm.js</A> and
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 294
<A HREF="https://github.com/kripken/emscripten/wiki">emscripten</A>.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 295
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 296
<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 297
<B>Skills:</B>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 298
This is a project for a student with a deep interest in programming languages and
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 299
compilers. Since my compiler is implemented in <A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A>,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 300
it would make sense to continue this project in this language. I can be
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 301
of help with questions and books about <A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A>.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 302
But if Scala is a problem, my code can also be translated quickly into any other functional
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 303
language. Again, it will be of great help for this project to take part in
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 304
my Compiler and Formal Language module (6CCS3CFL).
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 305
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 306
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 307
<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 308
<B>PS:</B> Compiler projects consistently received high marks in the past.
651
+ − 309
I have supervised eight so far and many of them received a mark above 70% - one even was awarded a prize.
+ − 310
However in order to achieve anything better than a passing mark, you need to go beyond the
+ − 311
compiler presented in the CFL-module. For example you could implement
+ − 312
+ − 313
<ol class="note">
+ − 314
<li>first-class functions and closure conversions</li>
+ − 315
<li>recursive datatypes</li>
+ − 316
<li>interesting type-systems</li>
+ − 317
</ol>
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 318
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 319
651
+ − 320
<li> <H4>[CU2a] Webassembly Interpreter / Compiler</H4>
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 321
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 322
<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 323
Webassembly is a recently agreed standard for speeding up web applications in browsers. In this
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 324
project the aim is to implement an interpreter or compiler for webassembly. There are already
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 325
<A HREF="https://github.com/WebAssembly/spec/tree/master/interpreter">reference interpreters</A>,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 326
but people take different views, for example implement a
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 327
<A HREF="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/comp.lang.forth/CvNrP_AOmmw">Forth</A> language on top of webassembly.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 328
What is good about webassembly is that is a rather simple format, which can be generated quite
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 329
easily, unlike Java class files, which need some head-standing when you generate them.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 330
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 331
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 332
<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 333
A <A HREF="https://github.com/WebAssembly/spec/tree/master/interpreter">reference interpreter</A> for webassembly.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 334
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 335
<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 336
<B>Skills:</B> See [CU1].
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 337
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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651
+ − 339
<!--
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 340
<li> <H4>[CU5] Slide-Making in the Web-Age</H4>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 341
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 342
<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 343
The standard technology for writing scientific papers in Computer Science is to use
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 344
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX">LaTeX</A>, a document preparation
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 345
system originally implemented by <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth">Donald Knuth</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 346
and <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Lamport">Leslie Lamport</A>.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 347
LaTeX produces very pleasantly looking documents, can deal nicely with mathematical
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 348
formulas and is very flexible. If you are interested, <A HREF="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Word_vs._LaTeX">here</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 349
is a side-by-side comparison between Word and LaTeX (which LaTeX “wins” with 18 out of 21 points).
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 350
Computer scientists not only use LaTeX for documents,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 351
but also for slides (really, nobody who wants to be cool uses Keynote or Powerpoint).
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 352
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 353
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 354
<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 355
Although used widely, LaTeX seems nowadays a bit dated for producing
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 356
slides. Unlike documents, which are typically “static” and published in a book or journal,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 357
slides often contain changing contents that might first only be partially visible and
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 358
only later be revealed as the “story” of a talk or lecture demands.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 359
Also slides often contain animated algorithms where each state in the
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 360
calculation is best explained by highlighting the changing data.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 361
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 362
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 363
<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 364
It seems HTML and JavaScript are much better suited for generating
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 365
such animated slides. This <A HREF="http://www.impressivewebs.com/html-slidedeck-toolkits/">page</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 366
links to slide-generating programs using this combination of technologies.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 367
However, the problem with all of these project is that they depend heavily on the users being
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 368
able to write JavaScript, CCS or HTML...not something one would like to depend on given that
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 369
“normal” users likely only have a LaTeX background. The aim of this project is to invent a
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 370
very simple language that is inspired by LaTeX and then generate from code written in this language
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 371
slides that can be displayed in a web-browser. An example would be the
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 372
<A HREF="https://www.madoko.net">Madoko</A> project.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 373
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 374
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 375
<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 376
This sounds complicated, but there is already some help available:
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 377
<A HREF="http://www.mathjax.org">Mathjax</A> is a JavaScript library that can
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 378
be used to display mathematical text, for example</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 379
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 380
<blockquote>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 381
<p>When \(a \ne 0\), there are two solutions to \(ax^2 + bx + c = 0\) and they are
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 382
\(x = {-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac} \over 2a}\).</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 383
</blockquote>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 384
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 385
<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 386
by writing code in the familiar LaTeX-way. This can be reused.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 387
Another such library is <A HREF="http://khan.github.io/KaTeX/">KaTeX</A>.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 388
There are also plenty of JavaScript
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 389
libraries for graphical animations (for example
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 390
<A HREF="http://raphaeljs.com">Raphael</A>,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 391
<A HREF="http://svgjs.com">SVG.JS</A>,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 392
<A HREF="http://bonsaijs.org">Bonsaijs</A>,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 393
<A HREF="http://jsxgraph.uni-bayreuth.de/wp/">JSXGraph</A>). The inspiration for how the user should be able to write
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 394
slides could come from the LaTeX packages <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beamer_(LaTeX)">Beamer</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 395
and <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGF/TikZ">PGF/TikZ</A>. A slide-making project from which
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 396
inspiration can be drawn is <A HREF="http://maciejczyzewski.me/hyhyhy/">hyhyhy</A>.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 397
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 398
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 399
<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 400
<B>Skills:</B>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 401
This is a project that requires good knowledge of JavaScript. You need to be able to
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 402
parse a language and translate it to a suitable part of JavaScript using
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 403
appropriate libraries. Tutorials for JavaScript are <A HREF="http://www.w3schools.com/js/">here</A>.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 404
A parser generator for JavaScript is <A HREF="http://pegjs.majda.cz">here</A>. There are probably also
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 405
others. If you want to avoid JavaScript there are a number of alternatives: for example the
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 406
<A HREF="http://elm-lang.org">Elm</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 407
language has been especially designed for implementing interactive animations, which would be
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 408
very convenient for this project. A nice slide making project done by a previous student is
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 409
<A HREF="http://www.markslides.org">MarkSlides</A> by Oleksandr Cherednychenko.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 410
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 411
617
+ − 412
<li> <H4>[CU5A] Generation of Online Books / Online Tutorials</H4>
614
+ − 413
+ − 414
<p>
617
+ − 415
There are some very beautiful online books that help with displaying, explaining and running of
614
+ − 416
code. Two very noteworthy examples are <A HREF="https://www.handsonscala.com/part-i-introduction-to-scala.html">Hands-on Scala</A>
+ − 417
by Haoyi Li, and <A HREF="https://craftinginterpreters.com">Crafting Interpreters</A> by Robert Nystrom
+ − 418
(see also <A HREF="http://journal.stuffwithstuff.com/2020/04/05/crafting-crafting-interpreters/">here for the latter</A>).
+ − 419
They integrate many tools, like github, markdown, snippets and much more, into a whole book (sometimes online and in paper-form).
617
+ − 420
The idea would be to implement something similar (i.e. the infrastructure) on a smaller
+ − 421
scale. Another idea is to help with creating online tutorials - one inspiration are
+ − 422
the tutorials from <A HREF="https://www.grape.codes/explore">Grape.codes</A> and
+ − 423
the interactive video editor <A HREF="https://liqvidjs.org">here</A>.
614
+ − 424
</p>
+ − 425
+ − 426
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 427
<li> <H4>[CU6] Raspberry Pi's and Arduinos</H4>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 428
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 429
<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 430
<B>Description:</B>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 431
This project is for true hackers! <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi">Raspberry Pi's</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 432
are small Linux computers the size of a credit-card and only cost £26, the
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 433
simplest version even costs only £5 (see pictures on the left below). They were introduced
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 434
in 2012 and people went crazy...well some of them. There is a
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 435
<A HREF="https://plus.google.com/communities/113390432655174294208?hl=en">Google+</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 436
community about Raspberry Pi's that has more
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 437
than 300k of followers. A similar number follow the corresponding <A HREF="https://www.facebook.com/raspberrypi/">group</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 438
on Facebook. It is hard to keep up with what people do with these small computers. The possibilities
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 439
seem to be limitless. The main resource for Raspberry Pi's is <A HREF="http://www.raspberrypi.org">here</A>.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 440
There are <A HREF="https://www.raspberrypi.org/magpi/">magazines</A> dedicated to them and tons of
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 441
<A HREF="http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewforum.php?f=39">books</A> (not to mention
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 442
floods of <A HREF="https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=raspberry+pi">online</A> material,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 443
such as the <A HREF="https://www.raspberrypi.org/magpi-issues/Projects_Book_v1.pdf">RPi projects book</A>).
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 444
Google just released a
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 445
<A HREF="http://googlecreativelab.github.io/coder/">framework</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 446
for web-programming on Raspberry Pi's turning them into webservers.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 447
In my home one Raspberry Pi has the very important task of automatically filtering out
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 448
nearly all advertisments using the
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 449
<A HREF="https://github.com/pi-hole/pi-hole">Pi-Hole</A> software
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 450
(you cannot imagine what difference this does to your web experience).
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 451
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 452
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 453
<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 454
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino">Arduinos</A> are slightly older (from 2005) but still very cool (see picture on the right below). They
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 455
are small single-board micro-controllers that can talk to various external gadgets (sensors, motors, etc). Since Arduinos
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 456
are open-software and open-hardware there are many clones and add-on boards. Like for the Raspberry Pi, there
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 457
is a lot of material <A HREF="https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=arduino">available</A> about Arduinos.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 458
The main reference is <A HREF="http://www.arduino.cc">here</A>. Like the Raspberry Pi's, the good thing about
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 459
Arduinos is that they can be powered with simple AA-batteries.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 460
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 461
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 462
<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 463
I have several Raspberry Pi's including wifi-connectors and two <A HREF="http://www.raspberrypi.org/camera">cameras</A>.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 464
I also have two <A HREF="http://www.freaklabs.org/index.php/Blog/Store/Introducing-the-Freakduino-Chibi-An-Arduino-based-Board-For-Wireless-Sensor-Networking.html">Freakduino Boards</A> that are Arduinos extended with wireless communication. I can lend them to responsible
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 465
students for one or two projects. However, the aim is to first come up with an idea for a project. Popular projects are
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 466
automated temperature sensors, network servers, robots, web-cams (<A HREF="http://www.secretbatcave.co.uk/electronics/shard-rain-cam/">here</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 467
is a <A HREF="http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/3547">web-cam</A> directed at the Shard that can
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 468
<A HREF="http://www.secretbatcave.co.uk/software/shard-rain-cam-quantifying-cloudy/">tell</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 469
you whether it is raining or cloudy). There are plenty more ideas listed
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 470
<A HREF="http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewforum.php?f=15">here</A> for Raspberry Pi's and
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 471
<A HREF="http://playground.arduino.cc/projects/ideas">here</A> for Arduinos.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 472
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 473
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 474
<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 475
There are essentially two kinds of projects: One is purely software-based. Software projects for Raspberry Pi's are often
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 476
written in <A HREF="http://www.python.org">Python</A>, but since these are Linux-capable computers any other
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 477
language would do as well. You can also write your own operating system as done
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 478
<A HREF="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/projects/raspberrypi/tutorials/os/">here</A>. For example the students
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 479
<A HREF="http://www.recantha.co.uk/blog/?p=4918">here</A> developed their own bare-metal OS and then implemented
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 480
a chess-program on top of it (have a look at their very impressive
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 481
<A HREF="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-03bouPsfEQ&feature=player_embedded">youtube</A> video).
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 482
The other kind of project is a combination of hardware and software; usually attaching some sensors
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 483
or motors to the Raspberry Pi or Arduino. This might require some soldering or what is called
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 484
a <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadboard">bread-board</A>. But be careful before choosing a project
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 485
involving new hardware: these devices
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 486
can be destroyed (if “Vin connected to GND” or “drawing more than 30mA from a GPIO”
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 487
does not make sense to you, you should probably stay away from such a project).
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 488
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 489
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 490
<center>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 491
<img style="-webkit-user-select: none; cursor: -webkit-zoom-in;"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 492
src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/RaspberryPi.jpg"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 493
alt="Raspberry Pi"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 494
width="313" height="209">
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 495
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 496
<img style="-webkit-user-select: none; cursor: -webkit-zoom-in;"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 497
src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Raspberry-Pi-Zero-FL.jpg"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 498
alt="Raspberry Pi Zero"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 499
width="313" height="209">
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 500
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 501
<img style="-webkit-user-select: none; cursor: -webkit-zoom-in;"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 502
src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Arduino_Uno_-_R3.jpg"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 503
alt="Arduino"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 504
width="240" height="209">
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 505
</center>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 506
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 507
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 508
<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 509
<B>Skills:</B>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 510
Well, you must be a hacker; happy to make things. Your desk might look like the photo below on the left.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 511
The photo below on the middle shows an earlier student project which connects wirelessly a wearable Arduino (packaged
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 512
in a "self-3d-printed" watch) to a Raspberry Pi seen in the background. The Arduino in the foreground takes
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 513
measurements of
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 514
heart rate and body temperature; the Raspberry Pi collects this data and makes it accessible via a simple
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 515
web-service. The picture on the right is another project that implements an airmouse using an Arduino.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 516
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 517
<center>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 518
<img style="-webkit-user-select: none; cursor: -webkit-zoom-in;"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 519
src="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/rpi-photo.jpg"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 520
alt="Raspberry Pi"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 521
width="209" height="313">
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 522
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 523
<img style="-webkit-user-select: none; cursor: -webkit-zoom-in;"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 524
src="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/rpi-watch.jpg"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 525
alt="Raspberry Pi"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 526
width="450" height="254">
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 527
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 528
<img style="-webkit-user-select: none; cursor: -webkit-zoom-in;"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 529
src="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/rpi-airmouse.jpg"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 530
alt="Raspberry Pi"
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 531
width="250" height="254">
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 532
</center><p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 533
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 534
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 535
A really cool project using a toy helicopter and two Raspberry Pi's was done by Nikolaos Kyknas. He transformed
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 536
an off-the-shelf toy helicopter into an autonomous flying machine. He attached a Raspberry Pi Zero and an ultrasound
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 537
sensor to the helicopter for measuring the distance from ground. Another Raspberry Pi is attached to the “ground control
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 538
unit” in order to give instructions to the throttle of the helicopter. Both Raspberry Pi's communicate over WiFi for calculating
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 539
the next flight instruction. The goal is to find and maintain a steady altitude. Sounds simple? Well, not so fast!
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 540
First you need to get the balance of the helicopter plus Raspberry Pi plus its power source just right,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 541
otherwise the helicopter will simply take off in random directions. Also the flight instructions need to be just right,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 542
otherwise the helicopter would at best “oscillate” around the set altitude, but never be steady. To solve this problem,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 543
Nikolaos used exactly the same algorithm that keeps cars at a steady pace when in cruise control.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 544
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 545
<center>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 546
<video width="320" height="576" controls>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 547
<source src="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/h1.mp4" type="video/mp4">
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 548
Your browser does not support the video tag.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 549
</video>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 550
<video width="320" height="576" controls>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 551
<source src="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/h3.mp4">
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 552
Your browser does not support the video tag.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 553
</video>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 554
</center>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 555
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 556
<li> <H4>[CU7] An Infrastructure for Displaying and Animating Code in a Web-Browser</H4>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 557
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 558
<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 559
<B>Description:</B>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 560
The project aim is to implement an infrastructure for displaying and
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 561
animating code in a web-browser. The infrastructure should be agnostic
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 562
with respect to the programming language, but should be configurable.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 563
I envisage something smaller than the projects
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 564
<A HREF="http://www.pythontutor.com">here</A> (for Python),
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 565
<A HREF="http://ideone.com">here</A> (for Java),
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 566
<A HREF="http://codepad.org">here</A> (for multiple languages),
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 567
<A HREF="http://www.w3schools.com/html/tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_intro">here</A> (for HTML)
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 568
<A HREF="http://repl.it/languages/JavaScript">here</A> (for JavaScript),
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 569
and <A HREF="http://www.scala-tour.com/#/welcome">here</A> (for Scala).
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 570
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 571
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 572
<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 573
The tasks in this project are being able (1) to lex and parse languages and (2) to write an interpreter.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 574
The goal is to implement this as much as possible in a language-agnostic fashion.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 575
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 576
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 577
<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 578
<B>Skills:</B>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 579
Good skills in lexing and language parsing, as well as being fluent with web programming (for
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 580
example JavaScript).
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 581
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 582
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 583
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 584
<li> <H4>[CU8] Proving the Correctness of Programs</H4>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 585
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 586
<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 587
I am one of the main developers of the interactive theorem prover
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 588
<A HREF="http://isabelle.in.tum.de">Isabelle</A>. This theorem prover
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 589
has been used to establish the correctness of some quite large
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 590
programs (for example an <A HREF="http://ertos.nicta.com.au/research/l4.verified/">operating system</A>).
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 591
Together with colleagues from Nanjing, I used this theorem prover to establish the correctness of a
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 592
scheduling algorithm, called
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 593
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priority_inheritance">Priority Inheritance</A>,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 594
for real-time operating systems. This scheduling algorithm is part of the operating
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 595
system that drives, for example, the
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 596
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover">Mars rovers</A>.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 597
Actually, the very first Mars rover mission in 1997 did not have this
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 598
algorithm switched on and it almost caused a catastrophic mission failure (see
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 599
this youtube video <A HREF="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyx7kARrGeM">here</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 600
for an explanation what happened).
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 601
We were able to prove the correctness of this algorithm, but were also able to
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 602
establish the correctness of some optimisations in this
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 603
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/Publications/pip.pdf">paper</A>.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 604
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 605
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 606
<p>On a much smaller scale, there are a few small programs and underlying algorithms where it
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 607
is not really understood whether they always compute a correct result (for example the
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 608
regular expression matcher by Sulzmann and Lu in project [CU1]). The aim of this
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 609
project is to completely specify an algorithm in Isabelle and then prove it correct (that is,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 610
it always computes the correct result).
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 611
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 612
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 613
<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 614
<B>Skills:</B>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 615
This project is for a very good student with a knack for theoretical things and formal reasoning.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 616
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 617
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 618
<li> <H4>[CU9] Anything Security Related that is Interesting</H4>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 619
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 620
<p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 621
If you have your own project that is related to security (must be
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 622
something interesting), please propose it. We can then have a look
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 623
whether it would be suitable for a project.
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 624
</p>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 625
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 626
<li> <H4>[CU10] Anything Interesting in the Areas</H4>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 627
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 628
<ul>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 629
<li><A HREF="http://elm-lang.org">Elm</A> (a reactive functional language for animating webpages; have a look at the cool examples, or <A HREF="http://pragmaticstudio.com/blog/2014/12/19/getting-started-with-elm">here</A> for an introduction)
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 630
<li><A HREF="http://www.smlserver.org/smltojs/">SMLtoJS</A> (a ML compiler to JavaScript; or anything else related to
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 631
sane languages that compile to JavaScript)
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 632
<li>Any statistical data related to Bitcoins (in the spirit of this
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 633
<A HREF="http://people.csail.mit.edu/spillai/data/papers/bitcoin-transaction-graph-analysis.pdf">paper</A> or
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 634
this <A HREF="https://eprint.iacr.org/2012/584.pdf">one</A>; this will probably require some extensive C knowledge or any
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 635
other heavy-duty programming language)
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 636
<li>Anything related to programming languages and formal methods (like
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 637
<A HREF="http://matt.might.net/articles/intro-static-analysis/">static program analysis</A>)
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 638
<li>Anything related to low-cost, hands-on hardware like Raspberry Pi, Arduino,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 639
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubieboard">Cubieboard</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 640
<li>Anything related to unikernel operating systems, like
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 641
<A HREF="http://www.xenproject.org">Xen</A> or
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 642
<A HREF="http://www.openmirage.org">Mirage OS</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 643
<li>Any kind of applied hacking, for example the Arduino-based keylogger described
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 644
<A HREF="http://samy.pl/keysweeper/">here</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 645
<li>Anything related to code books, like this
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 646
<A HREF="http://www.joelotter.com/kajero/">one</A>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 647
</ul>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 648
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 649
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 650
<li> <H4>Earlier Projects</H4>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 651
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 652
I am also open to project suggestions from you. You might find some inspiration from my earlier projects:
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 653
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/bsc-projects-12.html">BSc 2012/13</A>,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 654
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/msc-projects-12.html">MSc 2012/13</A>,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 655
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/bsc-projects-13.html">BSc 2013/14</A>,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 656
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/msc-projects-13.html">MSc 2013/14</A>,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 657
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/bsc-projects-14.html">BSc 2014/15</A>,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 658
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/msc-projects-14.html">MSc 2014/15</A>,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 659
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/bsc-projects-15.html">BSc 2015/16</A>,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 660
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/msc-projects-15.html">MSc 2015/16</A>,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 661
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/bsc-projects-16.html">BSc 2016/17</A>,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 662
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/msc-projects-16.html">MSc 2016/17</A>,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 663
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/bsc-projects-17.html">BSc 2017/18</A>,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 664
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/msc-projects-17.html">MSc 2017/18</A>,
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 665
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/bsc-projects-17.html">BSc 2018/19</A>
651
+ − 666
-->
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 667
</ul>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 668
</TD>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 669
</TR>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 670
</TABLE>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 671
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 672
<P>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 673
2018-09-24 12:12:35 by Christian Urban
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 674
<a href="https://validator.w3.org/check/referer">[Validate this page.]</a>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 675
</P>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 676
</BODY>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 677
</HTML>
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 678
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 679
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 680