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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
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<HEAD>
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<TITLE>BSc Projects</TITLE>
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
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<BASE HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/">
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<script type="text/javascript" src="striper.js"></script>
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="nominal.css">
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.2/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML">
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parents:
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</script>
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<style>
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</HEAD>
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<BODY TEXT="#000000"
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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BGCOLOR="#4169E1"
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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LINK="#0000EF"
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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VLINK="#51188E"
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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ALINK="#FF0000"
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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ONLOAD="striper('ul','striped','li','first,second')">
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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25 |
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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<TABLE WIDTH="100%"
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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BGCOLOR="#4169E1"
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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BORDER="0"
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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FRAME="border"
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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CELLPADDING="10"
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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CELLSPACING="2"
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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RULES="all">
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<TR>
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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<TD BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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WIDTH="75%"
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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VALIGN="TOP">
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
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38 |
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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|
39 |
<H2>BSc Projects</H2>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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|
40 |
<H4>Supervisor: Christian Urban</H4>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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|
41 |
<H4>Email: christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk, Office: Bush House N7.07</H4>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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|
42 |
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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|
43 |
<H4>Note that besides being a lecturer at the theoretical end of Computer Science, I am also a passionate
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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|
44 |
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_(programmer_subculture)">hacker</A> …
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
45 |
defined as “a person who enjoys exploring the details of programmable systems and
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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|
46 |
stretching their capabilities, as opposed to most users, who prefer to learn only the minimum
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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|
47 |
necessary.” I am always happy to supervise like-minded students.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
48 |
</H4>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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|
49 |
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
50 |
<H4>In 2013/14, I was nominated by the students
|
|
651
|
51 |
for the best BSc project supervisor and best MSc project supervisor awards in the NMES
|
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
52 |
faculty. Somehow I won both. In 2014/15 I was nominated again for the best MSc
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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|
53 |
project supervisor, but did not win it. ;o)
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
54 |
</H4>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
55 |
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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56 |
<ul class="striped">
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
57 |
<li> <H4 id="regex">[CU1] Regular Expressions, Lexing and Derivatives</H4>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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|
58 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
59 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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|
60 |
<B>Description:</b>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
61 |
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression">Regular expressions</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
62 |
are extremely useful for many text-processing tasks, such as finding patterns in hostile
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
63 |
<A HREF="https://www.snort.org">network traffic</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
64 |
lexing programs, syntax highlighting and so on. Given that regular expressions were
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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|
65 |
introduced in 1950 by <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Cole_Kleene">Stephen Kleene</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
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|
66 |
you might think regular expressions have since been studied and implemented to death. But you would definitely be
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
67 |
mistaken: in fact they are still an active research area. On the top of my head, I can give
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
68 |
you at least ten research papers that appeared in the last few years.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
69 |
For example
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
70 |
<A HREF="http://www.home.hs-karlsruhe.de/~suma0002/publications/regex-parsing-derivatives.pdf">this paper</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
71 |
about regular expression matching and derivatives was presented in 2014 at the international
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
72 |
FLOPS conference. Another <A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/Publications/posix.pdf">paper</A> by my PhD student and me was presented in 2016
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
73 |
at the international ITP conference.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
74 |
The task in this project is to implement these results and use them for lexing.</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
75 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
76 |
<p>The background for this project is that some regular expressions are
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
77 |
“<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReDoS#Examples">evil</A>”
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
78 |
and can “stab you in the back” according to
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
79 |
this <A HREF="http://peterscott.github.io/2013/01/17/regular-expressions-will-stab-you-in-the-back/">blog post</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
80 |
For example, if you use in <A HREF="http://www.python.org">Python</A> or
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
81 |
in <A HREF="http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/">Ruby</A> (or also in a number of other mainstream programming languages) the
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
82 |
innocently looking regular expression <code>a?{28}a{28}</code> and match it, say, against the string
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
83 |
<code>aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa</code> (that is 28 <code>a</code>s), you will soon notice that your CPU usage goes to 100%. In fact,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
84 |
Python and Ruby need approximately 30 seconds of hard work for matching this string. You can try it for yourself:
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
85 |
<A HREF="http://talisker.inf.kcl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/repos.cgi/afl-material/raw-file/tip/progs/catastrophic.py">catastrophic.py</A> (Python version) and
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
86 |
<A HREF="http://talisker.inf.kcl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/repos.cgi/afl-material/raw-file/tip/progs/catastrophic.rb">catastrophic.rb</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
87 |
(Ruby version). Here is a similar problem with the regular expression <code>(a*)*b</code> in Java:
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
88 |
<A HREF="http://talisker.inf.kcl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/repos.cgi/afl-material/raw-file/tip/progs/catastrophic.java">catastrophic.java</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
89 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
90 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
91 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
92 |
You can imagine an attacker
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
93 |
mounting a nice <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack">DoS attack</A> against
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
94 |
your program if it contains such an “evil” regular expression. But it can also happen by accident:
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
95 |
on 20 July 2016 the website <A HREF="http://stackstatus.net/post/147710624694/outage-postmortem-july-20-2016">Stack Exchange</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
96 |
was knocked offline because of an evil regular expression. One of their engineers talks about this in this
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
97 |
<A HREF="https://vimeo.com/112065252">video</A>. A similar problem needed to be fixed in the
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
98 |
<A HREF="http://davidvgalbraith.com/how-i-fixed-atom/">Atom</A> editor.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
99 |
A few implementations of regular expression matchers are almost immune from such problems.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
100 |
For example, <A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A> can deal with strings of up to 4,300 <code>a</code>s in less than a second. But if you scale
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
101 |
the regular expression and string further to, say, 4,600 <code>a</code>s, then you get a <code>StackOverflowError</code>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
102 |
potentially crashing your program. Moreover (beside the "minor" problem of being painfully slow) according to this
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
103 |
<A HREF="http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Regex_Posix">report</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
104 |
nearly all regular expression matchers using the POSIX rules are actually buggy.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
105 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
106 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
107 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
108 |
On a rainy afternoon, I implemented
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
109 |
<A HREF="http://talisker.inf.kcl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/repos.cgi/afl-material/raw-file/tip/progs/re3.scala">this</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
110 |
regular expression matcher in Scala. It is not as fast as the official one in Scala, but
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
111 |
it can match up to 11,000 <code>a</code>s in less than 5 seconds without raising any exception
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
112 |
(remember Python and Ruby both need nearly 30 seconds to process 28(!) <code>a</code>s, and Scala's
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
113 |
official matcher maxes out at 4,600 <code>a</code>s). My matcher is approximately
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
114 |
85 lines of code and based on the concept of
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
115 |
<A HREF="http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/2293">derivatives of regular expressions</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
116 |
These derivatives were introduced in 1964 by <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janusz_Brzozowski_(computer_scientist)">
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
117 |
Janusz Brzozowski</A>, but according to this
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
118 |
<A HREF="https://www.cs.kent.ac.uk/people/staff/sao/documents/jfp09.pdf">paper</A> had been lost in the “sands of time”.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
119 |
The advantage of derivatives is that they side-step completely the usual
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
120 |
<A HREF="http://hackingoff.com/compilers/regular-expression-to-nfa-dfa">translations</A> of regular expressions
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
121 |
into NFAs or DFAs, which can introduce the exponential behaviour exhibited by the regular
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
122 |
expression matchers in Python, Java and Ruby.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
123 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
124 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
125 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
126 |
Now the authors from the
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
127 |
<A HREF="http://www.home.hs-karlsruhe.de/~suma0002/publications/regex-parsing-derivatives.pdf">FLOPS'14-paper</A> mentioned
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
128 |
above claim they are even faster than me and can deal with even more features of regular expressions
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
129 |
(for example subexpression matching, which my rainy-afternoon matcher cannot). I am sure they thought
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
130 |
about the problem much longer than a single afternoon. The task
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
131 |
in this project is to find out how good they actually are by implementing the results from their paper.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
132 |
Their approach to regular expression matching is also based on the concept of derivatives.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
133 |
I used derivatives very successfully once for something completely different in a
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
134 |
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/Publications/rexp.pdf">paper</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
135 |
about the <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myhill–Nerode_theorem">Myhill-Nerode theorem</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
136 |
So I know they are worth their money. Still, it would be interesting to actually compare their results
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
137 |
with my simple rainy-afternoon matcher and potentially “blow away” the regular expression matchers
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
138 |
in Python, Ruby and Java (and possibly in Scala too). The application would be to implement a fast lexer for
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
139 |
programming languages, or improve the network traffic analysers in the tools <A HREF="https://www.snort.org">Snort</A> and
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
140 |
<A HREF="https://www.bro.org">Bro</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
141 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
142 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
143 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
144 |
<B>Literature:</B>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
145 |
The place to start with this project is obviously this
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
146 |
<A HREF="http://www.home.hs-karlsruhe.de/~suma0002/publications/regex-parsing-derivatives.pdf">paper</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
147 |
and this <A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/Publications/posix.pdf">one</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
148 |
Traditional methods for regular expression matching are explained
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
149 |
in the Wikipedia articles
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
150 |
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFA_minimization">here</A> and
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
151 |
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powerset_construction">here</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
152 |
The authoritative <A HREF="http://infolab.stanford.edu/~ullman/ialc.html">book</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
153 |
on automata and regular expressions is by John Hopcroft and Jeffrey Ullmann (available in the library).
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
154 |
There is also an online course about this topic by Ullman at
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
155 |
<A HREF="https://www.coursera.org/course/automata">Coursera</A>, though IMHO not
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
156 |
done with love.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
157 |
There are millions of other pointers about regular expression
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
158 |
matching on the Web. I found the chapter on Lexing in this
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
159 |
<A HREF="http://www.diku.dk/~torbenm/Basics/">online book</A> very helpful. Finally, it will
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
160 |
be of great help for this project to take part in my Compiler and Formal Language module (6CCS3CFL).
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
161 |
Test cases for “<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReDoS#Examples">evil</A>”
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
162 |
regular expressions can be obtained from <A HREF="http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Regex_Posix">here</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
163 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
164 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
165 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
166 |
<B>Skills:</B>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
167 |
This is a project for a student with an interest in theory and with
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
168 |
good programming skills. The project can be easily implemented
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
169 |
in functional languages like
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
170 |
<A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
171 |
<A HREF="http://fsharp.org">F#</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
172 |
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_ML">ML</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
173 |
<A HREF="http://haskell.org/haskellwiki/Haskell">Haskell</A>, etc. Python and other non-functional languages
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
174 |
can be also used, but seem much less convenient. If you do attend my Compilers and Formal Languages
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
175 |
module, that would obviously give you a head-start with this project.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
176 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
177 |
|
|
651
|
178 |
<li> <H4>[CU1a] Grammars and Derivative-Based Parsing Algorithms</H4>
|
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
179 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
180 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
181 |
Parsing is an old nut. Generations of software developers need to do parsing of data or text.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
182 |
There are zillions of links, tools, papers and textbooks about parsing. One particular
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
183 |
<A HREF="https://dickgrune.com/Books/PTAPG_1st_Edition/BookBody.pdf">book</A> contains something
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
184 |
like 700 different algorithm, nicely analysed and described. Surely, parsing must be a solved problem. Or is it?
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
185 |
Laurie Tratt has a blog <A HREF="https://tratt.net/laurie/blog/entries/parsing_the_solved_problem_that_isnt.html">post</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
186 |
about <i>Parsing: The Solved Problem That Isn't</i>. IMHO parsing is still a wide open field and not solved at all.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
187 |
PEG parsing, error reporting, error correction, runtime to name just a few are aspects that seem to cause headaches
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
188 |
to developers, and to researchers.</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
189 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
190 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
191 |
A recent <A HREF="https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~jdy22/papers/a-typed-algebraic-approach-to-parsing.pdf">paper</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
192 |
follows an idea for regular expressions: it adapts the notion of
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
193 |
derivatives of regular expressions to grammars. The idea is to implement in a functional programming language
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
194 |
the parsing algorithm proposed in this paper and to try it out with some sample data. There is also
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
195 |
a recent PhD thesis about derivative-based parsing
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
196 |
<A HREF="https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/287059?ln=en">Efficient Parsing with Derivatives and Zippers</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
197 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
198 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
199 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
200 |
<B>Literature:</B> <A HREF="https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~jdy22/papers/a-typed-algebraic-approach-to-parsing.pdf">paper</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
201 |
<A HREF="https://lara.epfl.ch/~kuncak/papers/EdelmannETAL20ZippyLLParsingDerivatives.pdf">paper</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
202 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
203 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
204 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
205 |
<B>Skills:</B> See [CU1].
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
206 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
207 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
208 |
|
|
651
|
209 |
<li> <H4>[CU2] A Compiler for a small Programming Language</H4>
|
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
210 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
211 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
212 |
<b>Description:</b>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
213 |
Compilers translate high-level programs that humans can read and write into
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
214 |
efficient machine code that can be run on a CPU or virtual machine.
|
|
651
|
215 |
A compiler for a simple functional language generating assembly code is described
|
|
|
216 |
<A HREF="https://esumii.github.io/min-caml/paper.pdf">here</A>.
|
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
217 |
I recently implemented a very simple compiler for an even simpler functional
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
218 |
programming language following this
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
219 |
<A HREF="https://www.cs.princeton.edu/~dpw/papers/tal-toplas.pdf">paper</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
220 |
(also described <A HREF="https://www.cs.princeton.edu/~dpw/papers/tal-tr.pdf">here</A>).
|
|
651
|
221 |
My code, written in <A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A>, for this compiler is
|
|
|
222 |
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/SystemF-compiler.scala">here</A>.
|
|
|
223 |
The compiler can only deal with simple programs involving natural numbers, such
|
|
|
224 |
as Fibonacci numbers or factorial function (but it can be easily extended - that is not the point).
|
|
|
225 |
The interesting feature in this compiler is that it can also deal with closure conversions and hoisting of
|
|
|
226 |
nested functions.
|
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
227 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
228 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
229 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
230 |
While the hard work has been done (understanding the two papers above),
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
231 |
my compiler only produces some idealised machine code. For example I
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
232 |
assume there are infinitely many registers. The goal of this
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
233 |
project is to generate machine code that is more realistic and can
|
|
651
|
234 |
run on a CPU, like X86, or run on a virtual machine, say the JVM.
|
|
|
235 |
You could also compile to the LLVM-IR.
|
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
236 |
This gives probably a speedup of thousand times in comparison to
|
|
651
|
237 |
my naive machine code and tiny virtual machine. The project
|
|
|
238 |
requires to dig into the literature about real machine code.
|
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
239 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
240 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
241 |
An alternative is to not generate machine code, but build a compiler that compiles to
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
242 |
<A HREF="http://www.w3schools.com/js/">JavaScript</A>. This is the language that is supported by most
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
243 |
browsers and therefore is a favourite
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
244 |
vehicle for Web-programming. Some call it <B>the</B> scripting language of the Web.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
245 |
Unfortunately, JavaScript is also probably one of the worst
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
246 |
languages to program in (being designed and released in a hurry). <B>But</B> it can be used as a convenient target
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
247 |
for translating programs from other languages. In particular there are two
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
248 |
very optimised subsets of JavaScript that can be used for this purpose:
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
249 |
one is <A HREF="http://asmjs.org">asm.js</A> and the other is
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
250 |
<A HREF="https://github.com/kripken/emscripten/wiki">emscripten</A>. Since
|
|
651
|
251 |
a few year ago there is even the official <A HREF="http://webassembly.org">Webassembly</A>
|
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
252 |
There is a <A HREF="http://kripken.github.io/emscripten-site/docs/getting_started/Tutorial.html">tutorial</A> for emscripten
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
253 |
and an impressive <A HREF="https://youtu.be/c2uNDlP4RiE">demo</A> which runs the
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
254 |
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unreal_Engine">Unreal Engine 3</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
255 |
in a browser with spectacular speed. This was achieved by compiling the
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
256 |
C-code of the Unreal Engine to the LLVM intermediate language and then translating the LLVM
|
|
651
|
257 |
code to JavaScript/Webassembly.
|
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
258 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
259 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
260 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
261 |
<B>Literature:</B>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
262 |
There is a lot of literature about compilers
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
263 |
(for example <A HREF="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~appel/papers/cwc.html">this book</A> -
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
264 |
I can lend you my copy for the duration of the project, or this
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
265 |
<A HREF="http://www.diku.dk/~torbenm/Basics/">online book</A>). A very good overview article
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
266 |
about implementing compilers by
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
267 |
<A HREF="http://tratt.net/laurie/">Laurie Tratt</A> is
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
268 |
<A HREF="http://tratt.net/laurie/tech_articles/articles/how_difficult_is_it_to_write_a_compiler">here</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
269 |
An online book about the Art of Assembly Language is
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
270 |
<A HREF="http://flint.cs.yale.edu/cs422/doc/art-of-asm/pdf/">here</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
271 |
An introduction into x86 machine code is <A HREF="http://ianseyler.github.com/easy_x86-64/">here</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
272 |
Intel's official manual for the x86 instruction is
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
273 |
<A HREF="http://download.intel.com/design/intarch/manuals/24319101.pdf">here</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
274 |
Two assemblers for the JVM are described <A HREF="http://jasmin.sourceforge.net">here</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
275 |
and <A HREF="https://github.com/Storyyeller/Krakatau">here</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
276 |
An interesting twist of this project is to not generate code for a CPU, but
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
277 |
for the intermediate language of the <A HREF="http://llvm.org">LLVM</A> compiler
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
278 |
(also described <A HREF="http://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html">here</A>). If you want to see
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
279 |
what machine code looks like you can compile your C-program using gcc -S.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
280 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
281 |
<p>
|
|
651
|
282 |
If JavaScript is chosen as a target instead, then there are plenty of
|
|
|
283 |
<A HREF="http://www.w3schools.com/js/">tutorials</A> on the Web.
|
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
284 |
<A HREF="http://jsbooks.revolunet.com">Here</A> is a list of free books on JavaScript.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
285 |
A project from which you can draw inspiration is this
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
286 |
<A HREF="http://jlongster.com/Outlet--My-Lisp-to-Javascript-Experiment">Lisp-to-JavaScript</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
287 |
translator. <A HREF="https://bitbucket.org/ktg/parenjs/overview">Here</A> is another such project.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
288 |
And <A HREF="https://github.com/viclib/liscript">another</A> in less than 100 lines of code.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
289 |
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoffeeScript">Coffeescript</A> is a similar project
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
290 |
except that it is already quite <A HREF="http://coffeescript.org">mature</A>. And finally not to
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
291 |
forget <A HREF="http://www.typescriptlang.org">TypeScript</A> developed by Microsoft. The main
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
292 |
difference between these projects and this one is that they translate into relatively high-level
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
293 |
JavaScript code; none of them use the much lower levels <A HREF="http://asmjs.org">asm.js</A> and
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
294 |
<A HREF="https://github.com/kripken/emscripten/wiki">emscripten</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
295 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
296 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
297 |
<B>Skills:</B>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
298 |
This is a project for a student with a deep interest in programming languages and
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
299 |
compilers. Since my compiler is implemented in <A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
300 |
it would make sense to continue this project in this language. I can be
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
301 |
of help with questions and books about <A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
302 |
But if Scala is a problem, my code can also be translated quickly into any other functional
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
303 |
language. Again, it will be of great help for this project to take part in
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
304 |
my Compiler and Formal Language module (6CCS3CFL).
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
305 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
306 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
307 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
308 |
<B>PS:</B> Compiler projects consistently received high marks in the past.
|
|
651
|
309 |
I have supervised eight so far and many of them received a mark above 70% - one even was awarded a prize.
|
|
|
310 |
However in order to achieve anything better than a passing mark, you need to go beyond the
|
|
|
311 |
compiler presented in the CFL-module. For example you could implement
|
|
|
312 |
|
|
|
313 |
<ol class="note">
|
|
|
314 |
<li>first-class functions and closure conversions</li>
|
|
|
315 |
<li>recursive datatypes</li>
|
|
|
316 |
<li>interesting type-systems</li>
|
|
|
317 |
</ol>
|
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
318 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
319 |
|
|
651
|
320 |
<li> <H4>[CU2a] Webassembly Interpreter / Compiler</H4>
|
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
321 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
322 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
323 |
Webassembly is a recently agreed standard for speeding up web applications in browsers. In this
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
324 |
project the aim is to implement an interpreter or compiler for webassembly. There are already
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
325 |
<A HREF="https://github.com/WebAssembly/spec/tree/master/interpreter">reference interpreters</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
326 |
but people take different views, for example implement a
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
327 |
<A HREF="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/comp.lang.forth/CvNrP_AOmmw">Forth</A> language on top of webassembly.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
328 |
What is good about webassembly is that is a rather simple format, which can be generated quite
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
329 |
easily, unlike Java class files, which need some head-standing when you generate them.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
330 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
331 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
332 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
333 |
A <A HREF="https://github.com/WebAssembly/spec/tree/master/interpreter">reference interpreter</A> for webassembly.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
334 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
335 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
336 |
<B>Skills:</B> See [CU1].
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
337 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
338 |
|
|
651
|
339 |
<!--
|
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
340 |
<li> <H4>[CU5] Slide-Making in the Web-Age</H4>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
341 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
342 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
343 |
The standard technology for writing scientific papers in Computer Science is to use
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
344 |
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX">LaTeX</A>, a document preparation
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
345 |
system originally implemented by <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth">Donald Knuth</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
346 |
and <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Lamport">Leslie Lamport</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
347 |
LaTeX produces very pleasantly looking documents, can deal nicely with mathematical
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
348 |
formulas and is very flexible. If you are interested, <A HREF="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Word_vs._LaTeX">here</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
349 |
is a side-by-side comparison between Word and LaTeX (which LaTeX “wins” with 18 out of 21 points).
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
350 |
Computer scientists not only use LaTeX for documents,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
351 |
but also for slides (really, nobody who wants to be cool uses Keynote or Powerpoint).
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
352 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
353 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
354 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
355 |
Although used widely, LaTeX seems nowadays a bit dated for producing
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
356 |
slides. Unlike documents, which are typically “static” and published in a book or journal,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
357 |
slides often contain changing contents that might first only be partially visible and
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
358 |
only later be revealed as the “story” of a talk or lecture demands.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
359 |
Also slides often contain animated algorithms where each state in the
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
360 |
calculation is best explained by highlighting the changing data.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
361 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
362 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
363 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
364 |
It seems HTML and JavaScript are much better suited for generating
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
365 |
such animated slides. This <A HREF="http://www.impressivewebs.com/html-slidedeck-toolkits/">page</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
366 |
links to slide-generating programs using this combination of technologies.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
367 |
However, the problem with all of these project is that they depend heavily on the users being
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
368 |
able to write JavaScript, CCS or HTML...not something one would like to depend on given that
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
369 |
“normal” users likely only have a LaTeX background. The aim of this project is to invent a
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
370 |
very simple language that is inspired by LaTeX and then generate from code written in this language
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
371 |
slides that can be displayed in a web-browser. An example would be the
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
372 |
<A HREF="https://www.madoko.net">Madoko</A> project.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
373 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
374 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
375 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
376 |
This sounds complicated, but there is already some help available:
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
377 |
<A HREF="http://www.mathjax.org">Mathjax</A> is a JavaScript library that can
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
378 |
be used to display mathematical text, for example</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
379 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
380 |
<blockquote>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
381 |
<p>When \(a \ne 0\), there are two solutions to \(ax^2 + bx + c = 0\) and they are
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
382 |
\(x = {-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac} \over 2a}\).</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
383 |
</blockquote>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
384 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
385 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
386 |
by writing code in the familiar LaTeX-way. This can be reused.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
387 |
Another such library is <A HREF="http://khan.github.io/KaTeX/">KaTeX</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
388 |
There are also plenty of JavaScript
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
389 |
libraries for graphical animations (for example
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
390 |
<A HREF="http://raphaeljs.com">Raphael</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
391 |
<A HREF="http://svgjs.com">SVG.JS</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
392 |
<A HREF="http://bonsaijs.org">Bonsaijs</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
393 |
<A HREF="http://jsxgraph.uni-bayreuth.de/wp/">JSXGraph</A>). The inspiration for how the user should be able to write
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
394 |
slides could come from the LaTeX packages <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beamer_(LaTeX)">Beamer</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
395 |
and <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGF/TikZ">PGF/TikZ</A>. A slide-making project from which
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
396 |
inspiration can be drawn is <A HREF="http://maciejczyzewski.me/hyhyhy/">hyhyhy</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
397 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
398 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
399 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
400 |
<B>Skills:</B>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
401 |
This is a project that requires good knowledge of JavaScript. You need to be able to
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
402 |
parse a language and translate it to a suitable part of JavaScript using
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
403 |
appropriate libraries. Tutorials for JavaScript are <A HREF="http://www.w3schools.com/js/">here</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
404 |
A parser generator for JavaScript is <A HREF="http://pegjs.majda.cz">here</A>. There are probably also
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
405 |
others. If you want to avoid JavaScript there are a number of alternatives: for example the
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
406 |
<A HREF="http://elm-lang.org">Elm</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
407 |
language has been especially designed for implementing interactive animations, which would be
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
408 |
very convenient for this project. A nice slide making project done by a previous student is
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
409 |
<A HREF="http://www.markslides.org">MarkSlides</A> by Oleksandr Cherednychenko.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
410 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
411 |
|
|
617
|
412 |
<li> <H4>[CU5A] Generation of Online Books / Online Tutorials</H4>
|
|
614
|
413 |
|
|
|
414 |
<p>
|
|
617
|
415 |
There are some very beautiful online books that help with displaying, explaining and running of
|
|
614
|
416 |
code. Two very noteworthy examples are <A HREF="https://www.handsonscala.com/part-i-introduction-to-scala.html">Hands-on Scala</A>
|
|
|
417 |
by Haoyi Li, and <A HREF="https://craftinginterpreters.com">Crafting Interpreters</A> by Robert Nystrom
|
|
|
418 |
(see also <A HREF="http://journal.stuffwithstuff.com/2020/04/05/crafting-crafting-interpreters/">here for the latter</A>).
|
|
|
419 |
They integrate many tools, like github, markdown, snippets and much more, into a whole book (sometimes online and in paper-form).
|
|
617
|
420 |
The idea would be to implement something similar (i.e. the infrastructure) on a smaller
|
|
|
421 |
scale. Another idea is to help with creating online tutorials - one inspiration are
|
|
|
422 |
the tutorials from <A HREF="https://www.grape.codes/explore">Grape.codes</A> and
|
|
|
423 |
the interactive video editor <A HREF="https://liqvidjs.org">here</A>.
|
|
614
|
424 |
</p>
|
|
|
425 |
|
|
|
426 |
|
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
427 |
<li> <H4>[CU6] Raspberry Pi's and Arduinos</H4>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
428 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
429 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
430 |
<B>Description:</B>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
431 |
This project is for true hackers! <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi">Raspberry Pi's</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
432 |
are small Linux computers the size of a credit-card and only cost £26, the
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
433 |
simplest version even costs only £5 (see pictures on the left below). They were introduced
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
434 |
in 2012 and people went crazy...well some of them. There is a
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
435 |
<A HREF="https://plus.google.com/communities/113390432655174294208?hl=en">Google+</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
436 |
community about Raspberry Pi's that has more
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
437 |
than 300k of followers. A similar number follow the corresponding <A HREF="https://www.facebook.com/raspberrypi/">group</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
438 |
on Facebook. It is hard to keep up with what people do with these small computers. The possibilities
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
439 |
seem to be limitless. The main resource for Raspberry Pi's is <A HREF="http://www.raspberrypi.org">here</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
440 |
There are <A HREF="https://www.raspberrypi.org/magpi/">magazines</A> dedicated to them and tons of
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
441 |
<A HREF="http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewforum.php?f=39">books</A> (not to mention
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
442 |
floods of <A HREF="https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=raspberry+pi">online</A> material,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
443 |
such as the <A HREF="https://www.raspberrypi.org/magpi-issues/Projects_Book_v1.pdf">RPi projects book</A>).
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
444 |
Google just released a
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
445 |
<A HREF="http://googlecreativelab.github.io/coder/">framework</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
446 |
for web-programming on Raspberry Pi's turning them into webservers.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
447 |
In my home one Raspberry Pi has the very important task of automatically filtering out
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
448 |
nearly all advertisments using the
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
449 |
<A HREF="https://github.com/pi-hole/pi-hole">Pi-Hole</A> software
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
450 |
(you cannot imagine what difference this does to your web experience).
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
451 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
452 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
453 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
454 |
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino">Arduinos</A> are slightly older (from 2005) but still very cool (see picture on the right below). They
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
455 |
are small single-board micro-controllers that can talk to various external gadgets (sensors, motors, etc). Since Arduinos
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
456 |
are open-software and open-hardware there are many clones and add-on boards. Like for the Raspberry Pi, there
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
457 |
is a lot of material <A HREF="https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=arduino">available</A> about Arduinos.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
458 |
The main reference is <A HREF="http://www.arduino.cc">here</A>. Like the Raspberry Pi's, the good thing about
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
459 |
Arduinos is that they can be powered with simple AA-batteries.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
460 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
461 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
462 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
463 |
I have several Raspberry Pi's including wifi-connectors and two <A HREF="http://www.raspberrypi.org/camera">cameras</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
464 |
I also have two <A HREF="http://www.freaklabs.org/index.php/Blog/Store/Introducing-the-Freakduino-Chibi-An-Arduino-based-Board-For-Wireless-Sensor-Networking.html">Freakduino Boards</A> that are Arduinos extended with wireless communication. I can lend them to responsible
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
465 |
students for one or two projects. However, the aim is to first come up with an idea for a project. Popular projects are
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
466 |
automated temperature sensors, network servers, robots, web-cams (<A HREF="http://www.secretbatcave.co.uk/electronics/shard-rain-cam/">here</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
467 |
is a <A HREF="http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/3547">web-cam</A> directed at the Shard that can
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
468 |
<A HREF="http://www.secretbatcave.co.uk/software/shard-rain-cam-quantifying-cloudy/">tell</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
469 |
you whether it is raining or cloudy). There are plenty more ideas listed
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
470 |
<A HREF="http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewforum.php?f=15">here</A> for Raspberry Pi's and
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
471 |
<A HREF="http://playground.arduino.cc/projects/ideas">here</A> for Arduinos.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
472 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
473 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
474 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
475 |
There are essentially two kinds of projects: One is purely software-based. Software projects for Raspberry Pi's are often
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
476 |
written in <A HREF="http://www.python.org">Python</A>, but since these are Linux-capable computers any other
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
477 |
language would do as well. You can also write your own operating system as done
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
478 |
<A HREF="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/projects/raspberrypi/tutorials/os/">here</A>. For example the students
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
479 |
<A HREF="http://www.recantha.co.uk/blog/?p=4918">here</A> developed their own bare-metal OS and then implemented
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
480 |
a chess-program on top of it (have a look at their very impressive
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
481 |
<A HREF="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-03bouPsfEQ&feature=player_embedded">youtube</A> video).
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
482 |
The other kind of project is a combination of hardware and software; usually attaching some sensors
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
483 |
or motors to the Raspberry Pi or Arduino. This might require some soldering or what is called
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
484 |
a <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadboard">bread-board</A>. But be careful before choosing a project
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
485 |
involving new hardware: these devices
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
486 |
can be destroyed (if “Vin connected to GND” or “drawing more than 30mA from a GPIO”
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
487 |
does not make sense to you, you should probably stay away from such a project).
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
488 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
489 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
490 |
<center>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
491 |
<img style="-webkit-user-select: none; cursor: -webkit-zoom-in;"
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
492 |
src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/RaspberryPi.jpg"
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
493 |
alt="Raspberry Pi"
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
494 |
width="313" height="209">
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
495 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
496 |
<img style="-webkit-user-select: none; cursor: -webkit-zoom-in;"
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
497 |
src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Raspberry-Pi-Zero-FL.jpg"
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
498 |
alt="Raspberry Pi Zero"
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
499 |
width="313" height="209">
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
500 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
501 |
<img style="-webkit-user-select: none; cursor: -webkit-zoom-in;"
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
502 |
src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Arduino_Uno_-_R3.jpg"
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
503 |
alt="Arduino"
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
504 |
width="240" height="209">
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
505 |
</center>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
506 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
507 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
508 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
509 |
<B>Skills:</B>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
510 |
Well, you must be a hacker; happy to make things. Your desk might look like the photo below on the left.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
511 |
The photo below on the middle shows an earlier student project which connects wirelessly a wearable Arduino (packaged
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
512 |
in a "self-3d-printed" watch) to a Raspberry Pi seen in the background. The Arduino in the foreground takes
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
513 |
measurements of
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
514 |
heart rate and body temperature; the Raspberry Pi collects this data and makes it accessible via a simple
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
515 |
web-service. The picture on the right is another project that implements an airmouse using an Arduino.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
516 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
517 |
<center>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
518 |
<img style="-webkit-user-select: none; cursor: -webkit-zoom-in;"
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
519 |
src="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/rpi-photo.jpg"
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
520 |
alt="Raspberry Pi"
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
521 |
width="209" height="313">
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
522 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
523 |
<img style="-webkit-user-select: none; cursor: -webkit-zoom-in;"
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
524 |
src="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/rpi-watch.jpg"
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
525 |
alt="Raspberry Pi"
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
526 |
width="450" height="254">
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
527 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
528 |
<img style="-webkit-user-select: none; cursor: -webkit-zoom-in;"
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
529 |
src="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/rpi-airmouse.jpg"
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
530 |
alt="Raspberry Pi"
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
531 |
width="250" height="254">
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
532 |
</center><p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
533 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
534 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
535 |
A really cool project using a toy helicopter and two Raspberry Pi's was done by Nikolaos Kyknas. He transformed
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
536 |
an off-the-shelf toy helicopter into an autonomous flying machine. He attached a Raspberry Pi Zero and an ultrasound
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
537 |
sensor to the helicopter for measuring the distance from ground. Another Raspberry Pi is attached to the “ground control
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
538 |
unit” in order to give instructions to the throttle of the helicopter. Both Raspberry Pi's communicate over WiFi for calculating
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
539 |
the next flight instruction. The goal is to find and maintain a steady altitude. Sounds simple? Well, not so fast!
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
540 |
First you need to get the balance of the helicopter plus Raspberry Pi plus its power source just right,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
541 |
otherwise the helicopter will simply take off in random directions. Also the flight instructions need to be just right,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
542 |
otherwise the helicopter would at best “oscillate” around the set altitude, but never be steady. To solve this problem,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
543 |
Nikolaos used exactly the same algorithm that keeps cars at a steady pace when in cruise control.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
544 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
545 |
<center>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
546 |
<video width="320" height="576" controls>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
547 |
<source src="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/h1.mp4" type="video/mp4">
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
548 |
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
549 |
</video>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
550 |
<video width="320" height="576" controls>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
551 |
<source src="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/h3.mp4">
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
552 |
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
553 |
</video>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
554 |
</center>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
555 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
556 |
<li> <H4>[CU7] An Infrastructure for Displaying and Animating Code in a Web-Browser</H4>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
557 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
558 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
559 |
<B>Description:</B>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
560 |
The project aim is to implement an infrastructure for displaying and
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
561 |
animating code in a web-browser. The infrastructure should be agnostic
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
562 |
with respect to the programming language, but should be configurable.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
563 |
I envisage something smaller than the projects
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
564 |
<A HREF="http://www.pythontutor.com">here</A> (for Python),
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
565 |
<A HREF="http://ideone.com">here</A> (for Java),
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
566 |
<A HREF="http://codepad.org">here</A> (for multiple languages),
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
567 |
<A HREF="http://www.w3schools.com/html/tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_intro">here</A> (for HTML)
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
568 |
<A HREF="http://repl.it/languages/JavaScript">here</A> (for JavaScript),
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
569 |
and <A HREF="http://www.scala-tour.com/#/welcome">here</A> (for Scala).
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
570 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
571 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
572 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
573 |
The tasks in this project are being able (1) to lex and parse languages and (2) to write an interpreter.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
574 |
The goal is to implement this as much as possible in a language-agnostic fashion.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
575 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
576 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
577 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
578 |
<B>Skills:</B>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
579 |
Good skills in lexing and language parsing, as well as being fluent with web programming (for
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
580 |
example JavaScript).
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
581 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
582 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
583 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
584 |
<li> <H4>[CU8] Proving the Correctness of Programs</H4>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
585 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
586 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
587 |
I am one of the main developers of the interactive theorem prover
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
588 |
<A HREF="http://isabelle.in.tum.de">Isabelle</A>. This theorem prover
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
589 |
has been used to establish the correctness of some quite large
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
590 |
programs (for example an <A HREF="http://ertos.nicta.com.au/research/l4.verified/">operating system</A>).
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
591 |
Together with colleagues from Nanjing, I used this theorem prover to establish the correctness of a
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
592 |
scheduling algorithm, called
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
593 |
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priority_inheritance">Priority Inheritance</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
594 |
for real-time operating systems. This scheduling algorithm is part of the operating
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
595 |
system that drives, for example, the
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
596 |
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover">Mars rovers</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
597 |
Actually, the very first Mars rover mission in 1997 did not have this
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
598 |
algorithm switched on and it almost caused a catastrophic mission failure (see
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
599 |
this youtube video <A HREF="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyx7kARrGeM">here</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
600 |
for an explanation what happened).
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
601 |
We were able to prove the correctness of this algorithm, but were also able to
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
602 |
establish the correctness of some optimisations in this
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
603 |
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/Publications/pip.pdf">paper</A>.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
604 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
605 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
606 |
<p>On a much smaller scale, there are a few small programs and underlying algorithms where it
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
607 |
is not really understood whether they always compute a correct result (for example the
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
608 |
regular expression matcher by Sulzmann and Lu in project [CU1]). The aim of this
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
609 |
project is to completely specify an algorithm in Isabelle and then prove it correct (that is,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
610 |
it always computes the correct result).
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
611 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
612 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
613 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
614 |
<B>Skills:</B>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
615 |
This project is for a very good student with a knack for theoretical things and formal reasoning.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
616 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
617 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
618 |
<li> <H4>[CU9] Anything Security Related that is Interesting</H4>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
619 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
620 |
<p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
621 |
If you have your own project that is related to security (must be
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
622 |
something interesting), please propose it. We can then have a look
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
623 |
whether it would be suitable for a project.
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
624 |
</p>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
625 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
626 |
<li> <H4>[CU10] Anything Interesting in the Areas</H4>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
627 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
628 |
<ul>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
629 |
<li><A HREF="http://elm-lang.org">Elm</A> (a reactive functional language for animating webpages; have a look at the cool examples, or <A HREF="http://pragmaticstudio.com/blog/2014/12/19/getting-started-with-elm">here</A> for an introduction)
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
630 |
<li><A HREF="http://www.smlserver.org/smltojs/">SMLtoJS</A> (a ML compiler to JavaScript; or anything else related to
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
631 |
sane languages that compile to JavaScript)
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
632 |
<li>Any statistical data related to Bitcoins (in the spirit of this
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
633 |
<A HREF="http://people.csail.mit.edu/spillai/data/papers/bitcoin-transaction-graph-analysis.pdf">paper</A> or
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
634 |
this <A HREF="https://eprint.iacr.org/2012/584.pdf">one</A>; this will probably require some extensive C knowledge or any
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
635 |
other heavy-duty programming language)
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
636 |
<li>Anything related to programming languages and formal methods (like
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
637 |
<A HREF="http://matt.might.net/articles/intro-static-analysis/">static program analysis</A>)
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
638 |
<li>Anything related to low-cost, hands-on hardware like Raspberry Pi, Arduino,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
639 |
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubieboard">Cubieboard</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
640 |
<li>Anything related to unikernel operating systems, like
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
641 |
<A HREF="http://www.xenproject.org">Xen</A> or
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
642 |
<A HREF="http://www.openmirage.org">Mirage OS</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
643 |
<li>Any kind of applied hacking, for example the Arduino-based keylogger described
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
644 |
<A HREF="http://samy.pl/keysweeper/">here</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
645 |
<li>Anything related to code books, like this
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
646 |
<A HREF="http://www.joelotter.com/kajero/">one</A>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
647 |
</ul>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
648 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
649 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
650 |
<li> <H4>Earlier Projects</H4>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
651 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
652 |
I am also open to project suggestions from you. You might find some inspiration from my earlier projects:
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
653 |
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/bsc-projects-12.html">BSc 2012/13</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
654 |
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/msc-projects-12.html">MSc 2012/13</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
655 |
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/bsc-projects-13.html">BSc 2013/14</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
656 |
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/msc-projects-13.html">MSc 2013/14</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
657 |
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/bsc-projects-14.html">BSc 2014/15</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
658 |
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/msc-projects-14.html">MSc 2014/15</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
659 |
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/bsc-projects-15.html">BSc 2015/16</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
660 |
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/msc-projects-15.html">MSc 2015/16</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
661 |
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/bsc-projects-16.html">BSc 2016/17</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
662 |
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/msc-projects-16.html">MSc 2016/17</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
663 |
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/bsc-projects-17.html">BSc 2017/18</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
664 |
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/msc-projects-17.html">MSc 2017/18</A>,
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
665 |
<A HREF="https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/bsc-projects-17.html">BSc 2018/19</A>
|
|
651
|
666 |
-->
|
613
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
667 |
</ul>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
668 |
</TD>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
669 |
</TR>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
670 |
</TABLE>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
671 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
672 |
<P>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
673 |
2018-09-24 12:12:35 by Christian Urban
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
674 |
<a href="https://validator.w3.org/check/referer">[Validate this page.]</a>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
675 |
</P>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
676 |
</BODY>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
677 |
</HTML>
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
678 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
679 |
|
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
680 |
|