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\documentclass[dvipsnames,14pt,t]{beamer}
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\usepackage{beamerthemeplainculight}
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\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
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\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
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\usepackage{mathpartir}
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\usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos}
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\usepackage{ifthen}
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\usepackage{tikz}
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\usepackage{pgf}
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\usepackage{calc}
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\usepackage{ulem}
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\usepackage{courier}
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\usepackage{listings}
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\renewcommand{\uline}[1]{#1}
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\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
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\usetikzlibrary{automata}
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\usetikzlibrary{shapes}
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\usetikzlibrary{shadows}
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\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
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\usetikzlibrary{calc}
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\usepackage{graphicx}
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\definecolor{javared}{rgb}{0.6,0,0} % for strings
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\definecolor{javagreen}{rgb}{0.25,0.5,0.35} % comments
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\definecolor{javapurple}{rgb}{0.5,0,0.35} % keywords
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\definecolor{javadocblue}{rgb}{0.25,0.35,0.75} % javadoc
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\lstset{language=Java,
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basicstyle=\ttfamily,
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keywordstyle=\color{javapurple}\bfseries,
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stringstyle=\color{javagreen},
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commentstyle=\color{javagreen},
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morecomment=[s][\color{javadocblue}]{/**}{*/},
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numbers=left,
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numberstyle=\tiny\color{black},
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stepnumber=1,
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numbersep=10pt,
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tabsize=2,
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showspaces=false,
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showstringspaces=false}
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\lstdefinelanguage{scala}{
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morekeywords={abstract,case,catch,class,def,%
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do,else,extends,false,final,finally,%
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for,if,implicit,import,match,mixin,%
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new,null,object,override,package,%
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private,protected,requires,return,sealed,%
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super,this,throw,trait,true,try,%
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type,val,var,while,with,yield},
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otherkeywords={=>,<-,<\%,<:,>:,\#,@},
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sensitive=true,
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morecomment=[l]{//},
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morecomment=[n]{/*}{*/},
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morestring=[b]",
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morestring=[b]',
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morestring=[b]"""
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}
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\lstset{language=Scala,
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basicstyle=\ttfamily,
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keywordstyle=\color{javapurple}\bfseries,
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stringstyle=\color{javagreen},
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commentstyle=\color{javagreen},
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morecomment=[s][\color{javadocblue}]{/**}{*/},
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numbers=left,
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numberstyle=\tiny\color{black},
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stepnumber=1,
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numbersep=10pt,
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tabsize=2,
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showspaces=false,
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showstringspaces=false}
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% beamer stuff
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\renewcommand{\slidecaption}{APP 02, King's College London, 2 October 2012}
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\begin{document}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}<1>[t]
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\frametitle{%
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\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}
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\\
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\LARGE Access Control and \\[-3mm]
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\LARGE Privacy Policies (2)\\[-6mm]
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\end{tabular}}\bigskip\bigskip\bigskip
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%\begin{center}
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%\includegraphics[scale=1.3]{pics/barrier.jpg}
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%\end{center}
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\normalsize
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tabular}{ll}
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Email: & christian.urban at kcl.ac.uk\\
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Of$\!$fice: & S1.27 (1st floor Strand Building)\\
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Slides: & KEATS (also home work is there)
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\end{tabular}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Homework\end{tabular}}
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\ldots{} I have a question about the homework.\\[3mm]
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Is it required to submit the homework before\\
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the next lecture?\\[5mm]
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Thank you!\\
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Anonymous
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}SmartWater\end{tabular}}
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\begin{textblock}{1}(1,3)
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\begin{tabular}{c}
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\includegraphics[scale=0.15]{pics/SmartWater}
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\end{tabular}
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\end{textblock}
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\begin{textblock}{8.5}(7,3)
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\begin{itemize}
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\item seems helpful for preventing cable theft\medskip
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\item wouldn't be helpful to make your property safe, because of possible abuse\medskip
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\item security is always a tradeoff
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\end{itemize}
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\end{textblock}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}Plaintext Passwords from IEEE\end{tabular}}
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\small\textcolor{gray}{On 25 September 2012, a report on a data breach at IEEE:}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item IEEE is a standards organisation (not for profit)
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\item many standards in CS are by IEEE\medskip
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\item 100k plain-text passwords were recorded in logs
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\item the logs were openly accessible on their FTP server
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\end{itemize}\bigskip
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\begin{flushright}\small
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\textcolor{gray}{\url{http://ieeelog.com}}
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\end{flushright}
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\only<2>{
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\begin{textblock}{11}(3,2)
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\begin{tikzpicture}
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\draw (0,0) node[inner sep=2mm,fill=white, ultra thick, draw=red, rounded corners=2mm]
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{\normalsize\color{darkgray}
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\begin{minipage}{7.5cm}\raggedright\small
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\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{pics/IEEElog.jpg}
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\end{minipage}};
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{textblock}}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}Virgin Mobile (USA)\end{tabular}}
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\begin{flushright}\small
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\textcolor{gray}{\url{http://arstechnica.com/security/2012/09/virgin-mobile-password-crack-risk/}}
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\end{flushright}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item for online accounts passwords must be 6 digits
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\item you must cycle through 1M combinations (online)\pause\bigskip
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\item he limited the attack on his own account to 1 guess per second, \alert{\bf and}
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\item wrote a script that cleared the cookie set after each guess\pause
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\item has been fixed now
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}Smash the Stack for Fun \ldots\end{tabular}}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item ``smashing the stack attacks'' or ``buffer overflow attacks''
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\item one of the most popular attacks;\\ attack of the (last) decade\\ ($>$ 50\% of security incidents reported at CERT are related to buffer overflows)
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\begin{flushright}\small
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\textcolor{gray}{\url{http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls}}
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\end{flushright}
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\medskip
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\item made popular in an article by Elias Levy\\ (also known as Aleph One):\\
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\begin{center}
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{\bf ``Smashing The Stack For Fun and Profit''}
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\end{center}\medskip
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\begin{flushright}
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\small\textcolor{gray}{\url{http://www.phrack.org}, Issue 49, Article 14}
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\end{flushright}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}The Problem\end{tabular}}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item The basic problem is that library routines in C look as follows:
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\begin{center}
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{\lstset{language=Java}\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont%
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\texttt{\lstinputlisting{app5.c}}}
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\end{center}
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\item the resulting problems are often remotely exploitable
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\item can be used to circumvents all access control
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(botnets for further attacks)
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Variants\end{tabular}}
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There are many variants:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item return-to-lib-C attacks
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\item heap-smashing attacks\\
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\textcolor{gray}{\small(Slammer Worm in 2003 infected 90\% of vulnerable systems within 10 minutes)}\bigskip
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\item ``zero-days-attacks'' (new unknown vulnerability)
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\small
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\texttt{my\_float} is printed twice:\bigskip
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{\lstset{language=Java}\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont%
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\texttt{\lstinputlisting{C1.c}}}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\begin{center}
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\onslide<1->{\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{pics/stack1}\;\;}
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\onslide<2->{\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{pics/stack2}\;\;}
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\onslide<3->{\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{pics/stack3}\;\;}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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{\lstset{language=Java}\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont%
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\texttt{\lstinputlisting{C2.c}}}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\small
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A programmer might be careful, but still introducing vulnerabilities:\bigskip
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{\lstset{language=Java}\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont%
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\texttt{\lstinputlisting{C2a.c}}}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Payloads\end{tabular}}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item the idea is you store some code as part to the buffer
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\item you then override the return address to execute this payload\medskip
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\item normally you start a root-shell\pause
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\item difficulty is to guess the place where to ``jump''
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Payloads (2)\end{tabular}}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item another difficulty is that the code is not allowed to contain \texttt{$\backslash$x00}:
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\begin{center}
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\texttt{xorl \%eax, \%eax}
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\end{center}
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\end{itemize}\bigskip\bigskip
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{\lstset{language=Java}\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont%
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\texttt{\lstinputlisting{app5.c}}}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Format String Vulnerability\end{tabular}}
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\small
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\texttt{string} is nowhere used:\bigskip
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{\lstset{language=Java}\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont%
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\texttt{\lstinputlisting{C6.c}}}\bigskip
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this vulnerability can be used to read out the stack
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Protections against BO Attacks\end{tabular}}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item use safe library functions
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\item ensure stack data is not executable (can be defeated)
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\item address space randomisation (makes one-size-fits-all more difficult)
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\item choice of programming language (one of the selling points of Java)
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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17
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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18
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Security Goals\end{tabular}}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Prevent common vulnerabilities from occurring (e.g. buffer overflows)\pause
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\item Recover from attacks (traceability and auditing of security-relevant actions)\pause
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\item Monitoring (detect attacks)\pause
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\item Privacy, confidentiality, anonymity (to protect secrets)\pause
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\item Authenticity (eeded for access control)\pause
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\item Integrity (prevent unwanted modification or tampering)\pause
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\item Availability and reliability (reduce the risk of DoS attacks)
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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17
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Homework\end{tabular}}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Assume format string attacks allow you to read out the stack. What can you do
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with this information.\bigskip
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\item Assume you can crash a program remotely. Why is this a problem?
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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16
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\end{document}
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%%% Local Variables:
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%%% mode: latex
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%%% TeX-master: t
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%%% End:
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