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\documentclass[dvipsnames,14pt,t]{beamer}
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\usepackage{beamerthemeplainculight}
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\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
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\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
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\usepackage{mathpartir}
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\usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos}
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\usepackage{ifthen}
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\usepackage{tikz}
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\usepackage{pgf}
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\usepackage{calc}
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\usepackage{ulem}
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\usepackage{courier}
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\usepackage{listings}
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\renewcommand{\uline}[1]{#1}
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\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
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\usetikzlibrary{automata}
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\usetikzlibrary{shapes}
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\usetikzlibrary{shadows}
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\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
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\usetikzlibrary{calc}
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\usepackage{graphicx}
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\definecolor{javared}{rgb}{0.6,0,0} % for strings
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\definecolor{javagreen}{rgb}{0.25,0.5,0.35} % comments
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\definecolor{javapurple}{rgb}{0.5,0,0.35} % keywords
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\definecolor{javadocblue}{rgb}{0.25,0.35,0.75} % javadoc
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\lstset{language=Java,
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basicstyle=\ttfamily,
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keywordstyle=\color{javapurple}\bfseries,
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stringstyle=\color{javagreen},
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commentstyle=\color{javagreen},
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morecomment=[s][\color{javadocblue}]{/**}{*/},
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numbers=left,
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numberstyle=\tiny\color{black},
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stepnumber=1,
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numbersep=10pt,
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tabsize=2,
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showspaces=false,
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showstringspaces=false}
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\lstdefinelanguage{scala}{
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morekeywords={abstract,case,catch,class,def,%
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do,else,extends,false,final,finally,%
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for,if,implicit,import,match,mixin,%
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new,null,object,override,package,%
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private,protected,requires,return,sealed,%
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super,this,throw,trait,true,try,%
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type,val,var,while,with,yield},
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otherkeywords={=>,<-,<\%,<:,>:,\#,@},
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sensitive=true,
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morecomment=[l]{//},
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morecomment=[n]{/*}{*/},
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morestring=[b]",
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morestring=[b]',
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morestring=[b]"""
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}
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\lstset{language=Scala,
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basicstyle=\ttfamily,
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keywordstyle=\color{javapurple}\bfseries,
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stringstyle=\color{javagreen},
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commentstyle=\color{javagreen},
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morecomment=[s][\color{javadocblue}]{/**}{*/},
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numbers=left,
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numberstyle=\tiny\color{black},
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stepnumber=1,
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numbersep=10pt,
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tabsize=2,
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showspaces=false,
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showstringspaces=false}
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% beamer stuff
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\renewcommand{\slidecaption}{APP 02, King's College London, 9 October 2012}
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\begin{document}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}<1>[t]
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\frametitle{%
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\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}
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\\
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\LARGE Access Control and \\[-3mm]
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\LARGE Privacy Policies (3)\\[-6mm]
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\end{tabular}}\bigskip\bigskip\bigskip
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%\begin{center}
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%\includegraphics[scale=1.3]{pics/barrier.jpg}
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%\end{center}
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\normalsize
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tabular}{ll}
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Email: & christian.urban at kcl.ac.uk\\
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Of$\!$fice: & S1.27 (1st floor Strand Building)\\
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Slides: & KEATS (also home work is there)
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\end{tabular}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[scale=0.45]{pics/trainwreck.jpg}\\
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one general defence mechanism is\\\alert{\bf defence in depth}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}<1-2>[c]
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\frametitle{Defence in Depth}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \alt<1>{overlapping}{{\LARGE\bf overlapping}} systems designed to provide\\ security even if one of them fails.
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{PALs}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \alert{Permissive Action Links} prevent unauthorised use of nuclear weapons (so the theory)
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\end{itemize}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{pics/nuclear1.jpg}\hspace{3mm}
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\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{pics/nuclear2.jpg}
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\end{center}
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\onslide<3->{
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modern PALs also include a 2-person rule
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}
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\only<2->{
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\begin{textblock}{11}(3,2)
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\begin{tikzpicture}
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\draw (0,0) node[inner sep=2mm,fill=cream, ultra thick, draw=red, rounded corners=2mm]
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{\begin{minipage}{8cm}
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US Air Force's Strategic Air Command worried that in times of need the
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codes would not be available, so until 1977 quietly decided to set them
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to 00000000\ldots
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\end{minipage}};
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{textblock}}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\begin{itemize}
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\item until 1998, Britain had nuclear weapons that could be launched from airplanes\bigskip\pause
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\item these weapons were armed with a bicycle key
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tabular}[b]{c}
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\includegraphics[scale=1.05]{pics/britkeys1.jpg}\\
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\small nuclear weapon
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\end{tabular}
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\hspace{3mm}
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\begin{tabular}[b]{c}
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\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{pics/britkeys2.jpg}\\
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\small bicycle lock
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\end{tabular}
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\end{center}\bigskip\pause
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\item the current Trident nuclear weapons can be launched from a submarine without any code being transmitted
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}Plain-text Passwords at IEEE\end{tabular}}
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\small\textcolor{gray}{On 25 September 2012, a report on a data breach at IEEE:}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item IEEE is a standards organisation (not-for-profit)
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\item many standards in CS are by IEEE\medskip
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\item 100k plain-text passwords were recorded in logs
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\item the logs were openly accessible on their FTP server
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\end{itemize}\bigskip
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\begin{flushright}\small
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\textcolor{gray}{\url{http://ieeelog.com}}
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\end{flushright}
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\only<2>{
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\begin{textblock}{11}(3,2)
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\begin{tikzpicture}
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\draw (0,0) node[inner sep=2mm,fill=white, ultra thick, draw=red, rounded corners=2mm]
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{\normalsize\color{darkgray}
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\begin{minipage}{7.5cm}\raggedright\small
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\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{pics/IEEElog.jpg}
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\end{minipage}};
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{textblock}}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}Virgin Mobile (USA)\end{tabular}}
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\begin{flushright}\small
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\textcolor{gray}{\url{http://arstechnica.com/security/2012/09/virgin-mobile-password-crack-risk/}}
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\end{flushright}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item for online accounts passwords must be 6 digits
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\item you must cycle through 1M combinations (online)\pause\bigskip
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\item he limited the attack on his own account to 1 guess per second, \alert{\bf and}
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\item wrote a script that cleared the cookie set after each guess\pause
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\item has been fixed now
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}Smash the Stack for Fun \ldots\end{tabular}}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item ``smashing the stack attacks'' or ``buffer overflow attacks''
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\item one of the most popular attacks;\\ attack of the (last) decade\\ ($>$ 50\% of security incidents reported at CERT are related to buffer overflows)
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\begin{flushright}\small
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\textcolor{gray}{\url{http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls}}
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\end{flushright}
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\medskip
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\item made popular in an article by Elias Levy\\ (also known as Aleph One):\\
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\begin{center}
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{\bf ``Smashing The Stack For Fun and Profit''}
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\end{center}\medskip
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\begin{flushright}
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\small\textcolor{gray}{\url{http://www.phrack.org}, Issue 49, Article 14}
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\end{flushright}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}The Problem\end{tabular}}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item The basic problem is that library routines in C look as follows:
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\begin{center}
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{\lstset{language=Java}\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont%
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\texttt{\lstinputlisting{app5.c}}}
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\end{center}
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\item the resulting problems are often remotely exploitable
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\item can be used to circumvents all access control
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(botnets for further attacks)
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Variants\end{tabular}}
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There are many variants:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item return-to-lib-C attacks
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\item heap-smashing attacks\\
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\textcolor{gray}{\small(Slammer Worm in 2003 infected 90\% of vulnerable systems within 10 minutes)}\bigskip
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\item ``zero-days-attacks'' (new unknown vulnerability)
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\small
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\texttt{my\_float} is printed twice:\bigskip
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{\lstset{language=Java}\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont%
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\texttt{\lstinputlisting{C1.c}}}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\begin{center}
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\only<1>{\includegraphics[scale=0.9]{pics/stack1}\;\;}
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\only<2>{\includegraphics[scale=0.9]{pics/stack2}\;\;}
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\only<3>{\includegraphics[scale=0.9]{pics/stack3}\;\;}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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{\lstset{language=Java}\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont%
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\texttt{\lstinputlisting{C2.c}}}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\small
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A programmer might be careful, but still introduce vulnerabilities:\bigskip
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{\lstset{language=Java}\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont%
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\texttt{\lstinputlisting{C2a.c}}}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Payloads\end{tabular}}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item the idea is you store some code as part to the buffer
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\item you then override the return address to execute this payload\medskip
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\item normally you start a root-shell\pause
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\item difficulty is to guess the right place where to ``jump''
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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396 |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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398 |
\mode<presentation>{
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399 |
\begin{frame}[c]
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400 |
\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Payloads (2)\end{tabular}}
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401 |
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\begin{itemize}
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\item another difficulty is that the code is not allowed to contain \texttt{$\backslash$x00}:
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404 |
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405 |
\begin{center}
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406 |
\texttt{xorl \%eax, \%eax}
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407 |
\end{center}
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408 |
\end{itemize}\bigskip\bigskip
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409 |
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410 |
{\lstset{language=Java}\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont%
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411 |
\texttt{\lstinputlisting{app5.c}}}
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\end{frame}}
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414 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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415 |
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416 |
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417 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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418 |
\mode<presentation>{
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419 |
\begin{frame}[c]
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420 |
\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Format String Vulnerability\end{tabular}}
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421 |
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422 |
\small
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423 |
\texttt{string} is nowhere used:\bigskip
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424 |
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425 |
{\lstset{language=Java}\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont%
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426 |
\texttt{\lstinputlisting{C6.c}}}\bigskip
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427 |
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428 |
this vulnerability can be used to read out the stack
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429 |
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430 |
\end{frame}}
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431 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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432 |
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433 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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434 |
\mode<presentation>{
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435 |
\begin{frame}[c]
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436 |
\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Protections against BO Attacks\end{tabular}}
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437 |
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438 |
\begin{itemize}
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439 |
\item use safe library functions
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440 |
\item ensure stack data is not executable (can be defeated)
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441 |
\item address space randomisation (makes one-size-fits-all more difficult)
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|
442 |
\item choice of programming language (one of the selling points of Java)
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443 |
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|
444 |
\end{itemize}
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445 |
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|
446 |
\end{frame}}
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|
447 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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448 |
|
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|
449 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
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|
450 |
\mode<presentation>{
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|
451 |
\begin{frame}[c]
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|
|
452 |
\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Security Goals\end{tabular}}
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|
|
453 |
|
|
|
454 |
\begin{itemize}
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|
455 |
\item Prevent common vulnerabilities from occurring (e.g. buffer overflows)\pause
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|
456 |
\item Recover from attacks (traceability and auditing of security-relevant actions)\pause
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|
457 |
\item Monitoring (detect attacks)\pause
|
|
|
458 |
\item Privacy, confidentiality, anonymity (to protect secrets)\pause
|
|
|
459 |
\item Authenticity (eeded for access control)\pause
|
|
|
460 |
\item Integrity (prevent unwanted modification or tampering)\pause
|
|
|
461 |
\item Availability and reliability (reduce the risk of DoS attacks)
|
|
|
462 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
463 |
|
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|
464 |
\end{frame}}
|
|
|
465 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
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|
466 |
|
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|
467 |
|
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|
468 |
|
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|
469 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
470 |
\mode<presentation>{
|
|
|
471 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
|
472 |
\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Homework\end{tabular}}
|
|
|
473 |
|
|
|
474 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
|
475 |
\item Assume format string attacks allow you to read out the stack. What can you do
|
|
|
476 |
with this information?\bigskip
|
|
|
477 |
|
|
|
478 |
\item Assume you can crash a program remotely. Why is this a problem?
|
|
|
479 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
480 |
|
|
|
481 |
\end{frame}}
|
|
|
482 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
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|
483 |
|
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|
484 |
|
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|
485 |
\end{document}
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|
486 |
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|
487 |
%%% Local Variables:
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|
488 |
%%% mode: latex
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|
489 |
%%% TeX-master: t
|
|
|
490 |
%%% End:
|
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|
491 |
|