public_html: msc-projects-15.html@3feaf8bc3e48 (annotated)

383 8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	1	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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387 37afaead31dd updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 386 diff changeset	4	<TITLE>2015/16 MSc Projects</TITLE>
383 8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	5	<BASE HREF="http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/">
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8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	17
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	18
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8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	26	RULES="all">
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	27
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	28	<TR>
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387 37afaead31dd updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 386 diff changeset	33	<H2>2015/16 MSc Projects</H2>
383 8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	34	<H4>Supervisor: Christian Urban</H4>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	35	<H4>Email: christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk, Office: Strand Building S1.27</H4>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	36	<H4>If you are interested in a project, please send me an email and we can discuss details. Please include
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	37	a short description about your programming skills and Computer Science background in your first email.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	38	I will also need your King's username in order to book the project for you. Thanks.</H4>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	39
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	40	<H4>Note that besides being a lecturer at the theoretical end of Computer Science, I am also a passionate
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	41	<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_(programmer_subculture)">hacker</A> …
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	42	defined as “a person who enjoys exploring the details of programmable systems and
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	43	stretching their capabilities, as opposed to most users, who prefer to learn only the minimum
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	44	necessary.” I am always happy to supervise like-minded students.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	45
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	46	<p>In 2013/14, I was nominated by the students
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	47	for the best BSc project supervisor and best MSc project supervisor awards in the NMS
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	48	faculty. Somehow I won both. In 2014/15 I was nominated again for the best MSc
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	49	project suporvisor, but did not win it. ;o)</H4>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	50
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	51	<ul class="striped">
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	52	<li> <H4>[CU1] Regular Expression Matching, Lexing and Derivatives</H4>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	53
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	54	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	55	<B>Description:</b>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	56	<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression">Regular expressions</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	57	are extremely useful for many text-processing tasks, such as finding patterns in texts,
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	58	lexing programs, syntax highlighting and so on. Given that regular expressions were
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	59	introduced in 1950 by <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Cole_Kleene">Stephen Kleene</A>,
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	60	you might think regular expressions have since been studied and implemented to death. But you would definitely be
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	61	mistaken: in fact they are still an active research area. For example
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	62	<A HREF="http://www.home.hs-karlsruhe.de/~suma0002/publications/regex-parsing-derivatives.pdf">this paper</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	63	about regular expression matching and derivatives was presented just last summer at the international
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	64	FLOPS'14 conference. The task in this project is to implement their results and use them for lexing.</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	65
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	66	<p>The background for this project is that some regular expressions are
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	67	“<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReDoS#Examples">evil</A>”
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	68	and can “stab you in the back” according to
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	69	this <A HREF="http://peterscott.github.io/2013/01/17/regular-expressions-will-stab-you-in-the-back/">blog post</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	70	For example, if you use in <A HREF="http://www.python.org">Python</A> or
384 27b7af6a00e5 updatad Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 383 diff changeset	71	in <A HREF="http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/">Ruby</A> (or also in a number of other mainstream programming languages) the
383 8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	72	innocently looking regular expression <code>a?{28}a{28}</code> and match it, say, against the string
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	73	<code>aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa</code> (that is 28 <code>a</code>s), you will soon notice that your CPU usage goes to 100%. In fact,
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	74	Python and Ruby need approximately 30 seconds of hard work for matching this string. You can try it for yourself:
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	75	<A HREF="http://www.dcs.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/cgi-bin/repos.cgi/afl-material/raw-file/tip/progs/re.py">re.py</A> (Python version) and
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	76	<A HREF="http://www.dcs.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/cgi-bin/repos.cgi/afl-material/raw-file/tip/progs/re.rb">re.rb</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	77	(Ruby version). You can imagine an attacker
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	78	mounting a nice <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack">DoS attack</A> against
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	79	your program if it contains such an “evil” regular expression. Actually
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	80	<A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A> (and also Java) are almost immune from such
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	81	attacks as they can deal with strings of up to 4,300 <code>a</code>s in less than a second. But if you scale
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	82	the regular expression and string further to, say, 4,600 <code>a</code>s, then you get a <code>StackOverflowError</code>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	83	potentially crashing your program. Moreover (beside the "minor" problem of being painfully slow) according to this
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	84	<A HREF="http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Regex_Posix">report</A>
384 27b7af6a00e5 updatad Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 383 diff changeset	85	nearly all regular expression matchers using the POSIX rules are actually buggy.
383 8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	86	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	87
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	88	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	89	On a rainy afternoon, I implemented
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	90	<A HREF="http://www.dcs.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/cgi-bin/repos.cgi/afl-material/raw-file/tip/progs/re3.scala">this</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	91	regular expression matcher in Scala. It is not as fast as the official one in Scala, but
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	92	it can match up to 11,000 <code>a</code>s in less than 5 seconds without raising any exception
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	93	(remember Python and Ruby both need nearly 30 seconds to process 28(!) <code>a</code>s, and Scala's
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	94	official matcher maxes out at 4,600 <code>a</code>s). My matcher is approximately
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	95	85 lines of code and based on the concept of
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	96	<A HREF="http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/2293">derivatives of regular expressions</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	97	These derivatives were introduced in 1964 by <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janusz_Brzozowski_(computer_scientist)">
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	98	Janusz Brzozowski</A>, but according to this
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	99	<A HREF="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~so294/documents/jfp09.pdf">paper</A> had been lost in the “sands of time”.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	100	The advantage of derivatives is that they side-step completely the usual
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	101	<A HREF="http://hackingoff.com/compilers/regular-expression-to-nfa-dfa">translations</A> of regular expressions
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	102	into NFAs or DFAs, which can introduce the exponential behaviour exhibited by the regular
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	103	expression matchers in Python and Ruby.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	104	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	105
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	106	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	107	Now the authors from the
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	108	<A HREF="http://www.home.hs-karlsruhe.de/~suma0002/publications/regex-parsing-derivatives.pdf">FLOPS'14-paper</A> mentioned
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	109	above claim they are even faster than me and can deal with even more features of regular expressions
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	110	(for example subexpression matching, which my rainy-afternoon matcher cannot). I am sure they thought
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	111	about the problem much longer than a single afternoon. The task
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	112	in this project is to find out how good they actually are by implementing the results from their paper.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	113	Their approach to regular expression matching is also based on the concept of derivatives.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	114	I used derivatives very successfully once for something completely different in a
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	115	<A HREF="http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/Publications/rexp.pdf">paper</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	116	about the <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myhill–Nerode_theorem">Myhill-Nerode theorem</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	117	So I know they are worth their money. Still, it would be interesting to actually compare their results
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	118	with my simple rainy-afternoon matcher and potentially “blow away” the regular expression matchers
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	119	in Python and Ruby (and possibly in Scala too). The application would be to implement a fast lexer for
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	120	programming languages.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	121	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	122
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	123	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	124	<B>Literature:</B>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	125	The place to start with this project is obviously this
384 27b7af6a00e5 updatad Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 383 diff changeset	126	<A HREF="http://www.home.hs-karlsruhe.de/~suma0002/publications/regex-parsing-derivatives.pdf">paper</A>
27b7af6a00e5 updatad Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 383 diff changeset	127	and this <A HREF="http://www.home.hs-karlsruhe.de/~suma0002/publications/ppdp12-part-deriv-sub-match.pdf">one</A>.
383 8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	128	Traditional methods for regular expression matching are explained
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	129	in the Wikipedia articles
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	130	<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFA_minimization">here</A> and
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	131	<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powerset_construction">here</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	132	The authoritative <A HREF="http://infolab.stanford.edu/~ullman/ialc.html">book</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	133	on automata and regular expressions is by John Hopcroft and Jeffrey Ullmann (available in the library).
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	134	There is also an online course about this topic by Ullman at
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	135	<A HREF="https://www.coursera.org/course/automata">Coursera</A>, though IMHO not
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	136	done with love.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	137	Finally, there are millions of other pointers about regular expression
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	138	matching on the Web. I found the chapter on Lexing in this
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	139	<A HREF="http://www.diku.dk/~torbenm/Basics/">online book</A> very helpful.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	140	Test cases for “<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReDoS#Examples">evil</A>”
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	141	regular expressions can be obtained from <A HREF="http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Regex_Posix">here</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	142	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	143
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	144	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	145	<B>Skills:</B>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	146	This is a project for a student with an interest in theory and some
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	147	good programming skills. The project can be easily implemented
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	148	in functional languages like
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	149	<A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A>,
385 046a49edbeb8 updatad Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 384 diff changeset	150	<A HREF="http://fsharp.org">F#</A>,
383 8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	151	<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_ML">ML</A>,
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	152	<A HREF="http://haskell.org/haskellwiki/Haskell">Haskell</A>, etc. Python and other non-functional languages
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	153	can be also used, but seem much less convenient. If you attend my Formal Languages and
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	154	Automata module, that would obviously give you a head-start with this project.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	155	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	156
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	157	<li> <H4>[CU2] A Compiler for a small Programming Language</H4>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	158
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	159	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	160	<b>Description:</b>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	161	Compilers translate high-level programs that humans can read and write into
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	162	efficient machine code that can be run on a CPU or virtual machine.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	163	A compiler for a simple functional language generating X86 code is described
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	164	<A HREF="https://github.com/chameco/Shade">here</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	165	I recently implemented a very simple compiler for an even simpler functional
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	166	programming language following this
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	167	<A HREF="https://www.cs.princeton.edu/~dpw/papers/tal-toplas.pdf">paper</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	168	(also described <A HREF="https://www.cs.princeton.edu/~dpw/papers/tal-tr.pdf">here</A>).
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	169	My code, written in <A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A>, of this compiler is
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	170	<A HREF="http://www.dcs.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/compiler.scala">here</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	171	The compiler can deal with simple programs involving natural numbers, such
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	172	as Fibonacci numbers or factorial (but it can be easily extended - that is not the point).
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	173	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	174
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	175	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	176	While the hard work has been done (understanding the two papers above),
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	177	my compiler only produces some idealised machine code. For example I
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	178	assume there are infinitely many registers. The goal of this
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	179	project is to generate machine code that is more realistic and can
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	180	run on a CPU, like X86, or run on a virtual machine, say the JVM.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	181	This gives probably a speedup of thousand times in comparison to
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	182	my naive machine code and virtual machine. The project
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	183	requires to dig into the literature about real CPUs and generating
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	184	real machine code.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	185	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	186	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	187	An alternative is to not generate machine code, but build a compiler that compiles to
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	188	<A HREF="http://www.w3schools.com/js/">JavaScript</A>. This is the language that is supported by most
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	189	browsers and therefore is a favourite
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	190	vehicle for Web-programming. Some call it <B>the</B> scripting language of the Web.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	191	Unfortunately, JavaScript is also probably one of the worst
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	192	languages to program in (being designed and released in a hurry). <B>But</B> it can be used as a convenient target
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	193	for translating programs from other languages. In particular there are two
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	194	very optimised subsets of JavaScript that can be used for this purpose:
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	195	one is <A HREF="http://asmjs.org">asm.js</A> and the other is
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	196	<A HREF="https://github.com/kripken/emscripten/wiki">emscripten</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	197	There is a <A HREF="http://kripken.github.io/emscripten-site/docs/getting_started/Tutorial.html">tutorial</A> for emscripten
385 046a49edbeb8 updatad Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 384 diff changeset	198	and an impressive <A HREF="https://youtu.be/c2uNDlP4RiE">demo</A> which runs the
383 8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	199	<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unreal_Engine">Unreal Engine 3</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	200	in a browser with spectacular speed. This was achieved by compiling the
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	201	C-code of the Unreal Engine to the LLVM intermediate language and then translating the LLVM
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	202	code to JavaScript.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	203	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	204
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	205	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	206	<B>Literature:</B>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	207	There is a lot of literature about compilers
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	208	(for example <A HREF="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~appel/papers/cwc.html">this book</A> -
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	209	I can lend you my copy for the duration of the project, or this
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	210	<A HREF="http://www.diku.dk/~torbenm/Basics/">online book</A>). A very good overview article
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	211	about implementing compilers by
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	212	<A HREF="http://tratt.net/laurie/">Laurie Tratt</A> is
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	213	<A HREF="http://tratt.net/laurie/tech_articles/articles/how_difficult_is_it_to_write_a_compiler">here</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	214	An online book about the Art of Assembly Language is
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	215	<A HREF="http://flint.cs.yale.edu/cs422/doc/art-of-asm/pdf/">here</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	216	An introduction into x86 machine code is <A HREF="http://ianseyler.github.com/easy_x86-64/">here</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	217	Intel's official manual for the x86 instruction is
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	218	<A HREF="http://download.intel.com/design/intarch/manuals/24319101.pdf">here</A>.
386 15ef47beeef1 updatad Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 385 diff changeset	219	Two assemblers for the JVM are described <A HREF="http://jasmin.sourceforge.net">here</A>
15ef47beeef1 updatad Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 385 diff changeset	220	<A HREF="https://github.com/Storyyeller/Krakatau">here</A>.
383 8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	221	An interesting twist of this project is to not generate code for a CPU, but
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	222	for the intermediate language of the <A HREF="http://llvm.org">LLVM</A> compiler
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	223	(also described <A HREF="http://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html">here</A>). If you want to see
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	224	what machine code looks like you can compile your C-program using gcc -S.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	225	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	226	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	227	If JavaScript is chosen as a target instead, then there are plenty of <A HREF="http://www.w3schools.com/js/">tutorials</A> on the Web.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	228	<A HREF="http://jsbooks.revolunet.com">Here</A> is a list of free books on JavaScript.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	229	A project from which you can draw inspiration is this
386 15ef47beeef1 updatad Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 385 diff changeset	230	<A HREF="http://jlongster.com/Outlet--My-Lisp-to-Javascript-Experiment">Lisp-to-JavaScript</A>
383 8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	231	translator. <A HREF="https://bitbucket.org/ktg/parenjs/overview">Here</A> is another such project.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	232	And <A HREF="https://github.com/viclib/liscript">another</A> in less than 100 lines of code.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	233	<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoffeeScript">Coffeescript</A> is a similar project
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	234	except that it is already quite <A HREF="http://coffeescript.org">mature</A>. And finally not to
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	235	forget <A HREF="http://www.typescriptlang.org">TypeScript</A> developed by Microsoft. The main
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	236	difference between these projects and this one is that they translate into relatively high-level
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	237	JavaScript code; none of them use the much lower levels <A HREF="http://asmjs.org">asm.js</A> and
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	238	<A HREF="https://github.com/kripken/emscripten/wiki">emscripten</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	239	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	240	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	241	<B>Skills:</B>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	242	This is a project for a student with a deep interest in programming languages and
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	243	compilers. Since my compiler is implemented in <A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A>,
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	244	it would make sense to continue this project in this language. I can be
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	245	of help with questions and books about <A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	246	But if Scala is a problem, my code can also be translated quickly into any other functional
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	247	language.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	248	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	249
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	250	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	251	<B>PS:</B> Compiler projects consistently received high marks in the past.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	252	I have suprvised five so far and none of them received a mark below 70% - one even was awarded a prize.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	253	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	254
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	255	<li> <H4>[CU3] Slide-Making in the Web-Age</H4>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	256
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	257	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	258	The standard technology for writing scientific papers in Computer Science is to use
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	259	<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX">LaTeX</A>, a document preparation
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	260	system originally implemented by <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth">Donald Knuth</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	261	and <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Lamport">Leslie Lamport</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	262	LaTeX produces very pleasantly looking documents, can deal nicely with mathematical
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	263	formulas and is very flexible. If you are interested, <A HREF="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Word_vs._LaTeX">here</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	264	is a side-by-side comparison between Word and LaTeX (which LaTeX “wins” with 18 out of 21 points).
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	265	Computer scientists not only use LaTeX for documents,
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	266	but also for slides (really, nobody who wants to be cool uses Keynote or Powerpoint).
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	267	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	268
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	269	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	270	Although used widely, LaTeX seems nowadays a bit dated for producing
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	271	slides. Unlike documents, which are typically “static” and published in a book or journal,
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	272	slides often contain changing contents that might first only be partially visible and
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	273	only later be revealed as the “story” of a talk or lecture demands.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	274	Also slides often contain animated algorithms where each state in the
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	275	calculation is best explained by highlighting the changing data.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	276	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	277
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	278	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	279	It seems HTML and JavaScript are much better suited for generating
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	280	such animated slides. This <A HREF="http://www.impressivewebs.com/html-slidedeck-toolkits/">page</A>
386 15ef47beeef1 updatad Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 385 diff changeset	281	links to slide-generating programs using this combination of technologies.
383 8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	282	However, the problem with all of these project is that they depend heavily on the users being
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	283	able to write JavaScript, CCS or HTML...not something one would like to depend on given that
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	284	“normal” users likely only have a LaTeX background. The aim of this project is to invent a
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	285	very simple language that is inspired by LaTeX and then generate from code written in this language
430 9dae6e101cde updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 388 diff changeset	286	slides that can be displayed in a web-browser. An example would be the
9dae6e101cde updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 388 diff changeset	287	<A HREF="https://www.madoko.net">Madoko</A> project.
383 8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	288	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	289
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	290	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	291	This sounds complicated, but there is already some help available:
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	292	<A HREF="http://www.mathjax.org">Mathjax</A> is a JavaScript library that can
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	293	be used to display mathematical text, for example
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	294
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	295	<blockquote>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	296	<p>When \(a \ne 0\), there are two solutions to \(ax^2 + bx + c = 0\) and they are
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	297	\(x = {-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac} \over 2a}\).</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	298	</blockquote>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	299
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	300	by writing code in the familiar LaTeX-way. This can be reused.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	301	Another such library is <A HREF="http://khan.github.io/KaTeX/">KaTeX</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	302	There are also plenty of JavaScript
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	303	libraries for graphical animations (for example
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	304	<A HREF="http://raphaeljs.com">Raphael</A>,
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	305	<A HREF="http://svgjs.com">SVG.JS</A>,
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	306	<A HREF="http://bonsaijs.org">Bonsaijs</A>,
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	307	<A HREF="http://jsxgraph.uni-bayreuth.de/wp/">JSXGraph</A>). The inspiration for how the user should be able to write
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	308	slides could come from the LaTeX packages <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beamer_(LaTeX)">Beamer</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	309	and <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGF/TikZ">PGF/TikZ</A>. A slide-making project from which
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	310	inspiration can be drawn is <A HREF="http://maciejczyzewski.me/hyhyhy/">hyhyhy</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	311	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	312
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	313	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	314	<B>Skills:</B>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	315	This is a project that requires good knowledge of JavaScript. You need to be able to
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	316	parse a language and translate it to a suitable part of JavaScript using
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	317	appropriate libraries. Tutorials for JavaScript are <A HREF="http://www.w3schools.com/js/">here</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	318	A parser generator for JavaScript is <A HREF="http://pegjs.majda.cz">here</A>. There are probably also
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	319	others. If you want to avoid JavaScript there are a number of alternatives: for example the
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	320	<A HREF="http://elm-lang.org">Elm</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	321	language has been especially designed for implementing with ease interactive animations, which would be
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	322	very convenient for this project.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	323	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	324
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	325	<li> <H4>[CU4] An Online Student Voting System</H4>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	326
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	327	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	328	<B>Description:</B>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	329	One of the more annoying aspects of giving a lecture is to ask a question
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	330	to the students and no matter how easy the question is to not
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	331	receive any answer. The online course system
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	332	<A HREF="http://www.udacity.com">Udacity</A>, in contrast, made an art out of
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	333	asking questions during lectures (see for example the
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	334	<A HREF="http://www.udacity.com/overview/Course/cs253/CourseRev/apr2012">Web Application Engineering</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	335	course CS253).
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	336	The lecturer there gives multiple-choice questions as part of the lecture and the students need to
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	337	click on the appropriate answer. This works very well in the online world.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	338	For “real-world” lectures, the department has some
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	339	<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audience_response">clickers</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	340	(these are little devices which form a part of an audience response systems). However,
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	341	they are a logistic nightmare for the lecturer: they need to be distributed
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	342	during the lecture and collected at the end. Nowadays, where students
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	343	come with their own laptop or smartphone to lectures, this can
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	344	be improved.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	345	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	346
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	347	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	348	The task of this project is to implement an online student
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	349	polling system. The lecturer should be able to prepare
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	350	questions beforehand (encoded as some web-form) and be able to
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	351	show them during the lecture. The students
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	352	can give their answers by clicking on the corresponding webpage.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	353	The lecturer can then collect the responses online and evaluate them
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	354	immediately. Such a system is sometimes called
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	355	<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audience_response#Smartphone_.2F_HTTP_voting">HTML voting</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	356	There are a number of commercial
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	357	solutions for this problem, but they are not easy to use (in addition
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	358	to being ridiculously expensive). A good student can easily improve upon
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	359	what they provide.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	360	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	361
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	362	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	363	The problem of student polling is not as hard as
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	364	<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_voting">electronic voting</A>,
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	365	which essentially is still an unsolved problem in Computer Science. The
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	366	students only need to be prevented from answering question more than once thus skewing
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	367	any statistics. Unlike electronic voting, no audit trail needs to be kept
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	368	for student polling. Restricting the number of answers can probably be solved
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	369	by setting appropriate cookies on the students
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	370	computers or smart phones.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	371	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	372
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	373	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	374	<B>Literature:</B>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	375	The project requires fluency in a web-programming language (for example
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	376	<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript">JavaScript</A>,
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	377	<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_(programming_language)">Go</A>,
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	378	<A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A>). However JavaScript with
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	379	the <A HREF="http://nodejs.org">Node.js</A> extension seems to be best suited for the job.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	380	<A HREF="http://www.nodebeginner.org">Here</A> is a tutorial on Node.js for beginners.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	381	For web-programming the
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	382	<A HREF="http://www.udacity.com/overview/Course/cs253/CourseRev/apr2012">Web Application Engineering</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	383	course at <A HREF="http://www.udacity.com">Udacity</A> is a good starting point
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	384	to be aware of the issues involved. This course uses <A HREF="http://www.python.org">Python</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	385	To evaluate the answers from the students, Google's
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	386	<A HREF="https://developers.google.com/chart/image/docs/making_charts">Chart Tools</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	387	might be useful, which is also described in this
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	388	<A HREF="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZtgT4jgnE8">youtube</A> video.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	389	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	390
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	391	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	392	<B>Skills:</B>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	393	In order to provide convenience for the lecturer, this project needs very good web-programming skills. A
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	394	<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_(programmer_subculture)">hacker mentality</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	395	(see above) is probably also very beneficial: web-programming is an area that only emerged recently and
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	396	many tools still lack maturity. You probably have to experiment a lot with several different
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	397	languages and tools.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	398	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	399
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	400	<li> <H4>[CU5] Raspberry Pi's and Arduinos</H4>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	401
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	402	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	403	<B>Description:</B>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	404	This project is for true hackers! <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi">Raspberry Pi's</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	405	are small Linux computers the size of a credit-card and only cost £26 (see picture on the left below). They were introduced
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	406	in 2012 and people went crazy...well some of them. There is a
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	407	<A HREF="https://plus.google.com/communities/113390432655174294208?hl=en">Google+</A> community about Raspberry Pi's that has more
386 15ef47beeef1 updatad Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 385 diff changeset	408	than 197k of followers. It is hard to keep up with what people do with these small computers. The possibilities
383 8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	409	seem to be limitless. The main resource for Raspberry Pi's is <A HREF="http://www.raspberrypi.org">here</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	410	There are <A HREF="https://www.raspberrypi.org/magpi/">magazines</A> dedicated to them and tons of
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	411	<A HREF="http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewforum.php?f=39">books</A> (not to mention
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	412	floods of <A HREF="https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=raspberry+pi">online</A> material,
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	413	such as the <A HREF="https://www.raspberrypi.org/magpi-issues/Projects_Book_v1.pdf">RPi projects book</A>).
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	414	Google just released a
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	415	<A HREF="http://googlecreativelab.github.io/coder/">framework</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	416	for web-programming on Raspberry Pi's truning them into webservers.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	417	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	418
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	419	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	420	<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino">Arduinos</A> are slightly older (from 2005) but still very cool (see picture on the right below). They
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	421	are small single-board micro-controllers that can talk to various external gadgets (sensors, motors, etc). Since Arduinos
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	422	are open-software and open-hardware there are many clones and add-on boards. Like for the Raspberry Pi, there
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	423	is a lot of material <A HREF="https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=arduino">available</A> about Arduinos.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	424	The main reference is <A HREF="http://www.arduino.cc">here</A>. Like the Raspberry Pi's, the good thing about
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	425	Arduinos is that they can be powered with simple AA-batteries.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	426	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	427
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	428	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	429	I have two such Raspberry Pi's including wifi-connectors and two <A HREF="http://www.raspberrypi.org/camera">cameras<A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	430	I also have two <A HREF="http://www.freaklabs.org/index.php/Blog/Store/Introducing-the-Freakduino-Chibi-An-Arduino-based-Board-For-Wireless-Sensor-Networking.html">Freakduino Boards</A> that are Arduinos extended with wireless communication. I can lend them to responsible
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	431	students for one or two projects. However, the aim is to first come up with an idea for a project. Popular projects are
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	432	automated temperature sensors, network servers, robots, web-cams (<A HREF="http://www.secretbatcave.co.uk/electronics/shard-rain-cam/">here</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	433	is a <A HREF="http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/3547">web-cam</A> directed at the Shard that can
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	434	<A HREF="http://www.secretbatcave.co.uk/software/shard-rain-cam-quantifying-cloudy/">tell</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	435	you whether it is raining or cloudy). There are plenty more ideas listed
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	436	<A HREF="http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewforum.php?f=15">here</A> for Raspberry Pi's and
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	437	<A HREF="http://playground.arduino.cc/projects/ideas">here</A> for Arduinos.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	438	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	439
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	440	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	441	There are essentially two kinds of projects: One is purely software-based. Software projects for Raspberry Pi's are often
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	442	written in <A HREF="http://www.python.org">Python</A>, but since these are Linux-capable computers any other
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	443	language would do as well. You can also write your own operating system as done
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	444	<A HREF="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/projects/raspberrypi/tutorials/os/">here</A>. For example the students
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	445	<A HREF="http://www.recantha.co.uk/blog/?p=4918">here</A> developed their own bare-metal OS and then implemented
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	446	a chess-program on top of it (have a look at their very impressive
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	447	<A HREF="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-03bouPsfEQ&feature=player_embedded">youtube</A> video).
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	448	The other kind of project is a combination of hardware and software; usually attaching some sensors
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	449	or motors to the Raspberry Pi or Arduino. This might require some soldering or what is called
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	450	a <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadboard">bread-board</A>. But be careful before choosing a project
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	451	involving new hardware: these devices
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	452	can be destroyed (if “Vin connected to GND” or “drawing more than 30mA from a GPIO”
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	453	does not make sense to you, you should probably stay away from such a project).
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	454	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	455
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	456	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	457	<center>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	458	<img style="-webkit-user-select: none; cursor: -webkit-zoom-in;
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	459	"src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/RaspberryPi.jpg" width="313" height="209">
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	460
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	461	<img style="-webkit-user-select: none; cursor: -webkit-zoom-in;
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	462	"src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Arduino_Uno_-_R3.jpg" width="240" height="209">
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	463	</center>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	464	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	465
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	466	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	467	<B>Skills:</B>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	468	Well, you must be a hacker; happy to make things. Your desk might look like the photo below on the left.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	469	The photo below on the righ shows an earlier student project which connects wirelessly a wearable Arduino (packaged
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	470	in a "self-3d-printed" watch) to a Raspberry Pi seen in the background. The Arduino in the forground takes meaurements of
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	471	heart rate and body temperature; the Raspberry Pi collects this data and makes it accessible via a simple
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	472	web-service.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	473	<center>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	474	<img style="-webkit-user-select: none; cursor: -webkit-zoom-in;
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	475	"src="http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/rpi-photo.jpg" width="209" height="313">
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	476
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	477	<img style="-webkit-user-select: none; cursor: -webkit-zoom-in;
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	478	"src="http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/rpi-watch.jpg" width="450" height="254">
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	479	</center>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	480	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	481
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	482	<li> <H4>[CU6] An Infrastructure for Displaying and Animating Code in a Web-Browser</H4>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	483
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	484	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	485	<B>Description:</B>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	486	The project aim is to implement an infrastructure for displaying and
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	487	animating code in a web-browser. The infrastructure should be agnostic
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	488	with respect to the programming language, but should be configurable.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	489	I envisage something smaller than the projects
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	490	<A HREF="http://www.pythontutor.com">here</A> (for Python),
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	491	<A HREF="http://ideone.com">here</A> (for Java),
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	492	<A HREF="http://codepad.org">here</A> (for multiple languages),
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	493	<A HREF="http://www.w3schools.com/html/tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_intro">here</A> (for HTML)
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	494	<A HREF="http://repl.it/languages/JavaScript">here</A> (for JavaScript),
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	495	and <A HREF="http://www.scala-tour.com/#/welcome">here</A> (for Scala).
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	496	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	497
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	498	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	499	The tasks in this project are being able (1) to lex and parse languages and (2) to write an interpreter.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	500	The goal is to implement this as much as possible in a language-agnostic fashion.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	501	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	502
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	503	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	504	<B>Skills:</B>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	505	Good skills in lexing and language parsing, as well as being fluent with web programming (for
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	506	example JavaScript).
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	507	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	508
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	509
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	510	<li> <H4>[CU7] Implementation of a Distributed Clock-Synchronisation Algorithm developed at NASA</H4>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	511
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	512	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	513	<B>Description:</B>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	514	There are many algorithms for synchronising clocks. This
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	515	<A HREF="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20120000054_2011025573.pdf">paper</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	516	describes a new algorithm for clocks that communicate by exchanging
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	517	messages and thereby reach a state in which (within some bound) all clocks are synchronised.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	518	A slightly longer and more detailed paper about the algorithm is
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	519	<A HREF="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110020812">here</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	520	The point of this project is to implement this algorithm and simulate networks of clocks.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	521	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	522
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	523	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	524	<B>Literature:</B>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	525	There is a wide range of literature on clock synchronisation algorithms.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	526	Some pointers are given in this
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	527	<A HREF="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20120000054_2011025573.pdf">paper</A>,
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	528	which describes the algorithm to be implemented in this project. Pointers
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	529	are given also <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_synchronization">here</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	530	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	531
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	532	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	533	<B>Skills:</B>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	534	In order to implement a simulation of a network of clocks, you need to tackle
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	535	concurrency. You can do this for example in the programming language
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	536	<A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A> with the help of the
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	537	<A HREF="http://akka.io">Akka</a> library. This library enables you to send messages
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	538	between different <I>actors</I>. <A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/node/242">Here</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	539	are some examples that explain how to implement exchanging messages between actors.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	540	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	541
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	542	<li> <H4>[CU8] Proving the Correctness of Programs</H4>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	543
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	544	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	545	I am one of the main developers of the interactive theorem prover
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	546	<A HREF="http://isabelle.in.tum.de">Isabelle</A>. This theorem prover
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	547	has been used to establish the correctness of some quite large
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	548	programs (for example an <A HREF="http://ertos.nicta.com.au/research/l4.verified/">operating system</A>).
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	549	Together with colleagues from Nanjing, I used this theorem prover to establish the correctness of a
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	550	scheduling algorithm, called
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	551	<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priority_inheritance">Priority Inheritance</A>,
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	552	for real-time operating systems. This scheduling algorithm is part of the operating
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	553	system that drives, for example, the
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	554	<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover">Mars rovers</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	555	Actually, the very first Mars rover mission in 1997 did not have this
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	556	algorithm switched on and it almost caused a catastrophic mission failure (see
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	557	this youtube video <A HREF="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyx7kARrGeM">here</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	558	for an explanation what happened).
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	559	We were able to prove the correctness of this algorithm, but were also able to
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	560	establish the correctness of some optimisations in this
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	561	<A HREF="http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/Publications/pip.pdf">paper</A>.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	562	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	563
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	564	<p>On a much smaller scale, there are a few small programs and underlying algorithms where it
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	565	is not really understood whether they always compute a correct result (for example the
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	566	regular expression matcher by Sulzmann and Lu in project [CU1]). The aim of this
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	567	project is to completely specify an algorithm in Isabelle and then prove it correct (that is,
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	568	it always computes the correct result).
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	569	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	570
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	571	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	572	<B>Skills:</B>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	573	This project is for a very good student with a knack for theoretical things and formal reasoning.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	574	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	575
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	576	<li> <H4>[CU9] Anything Security Related that is Interesting</H4>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	577
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	578	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	579	If you have your own project that is related to security (must be
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	580	something interesting), please propose it. We can then have a look
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	581	whether it would be suitable for a project.
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	582	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	583
386 15ef47beeef1 updatad Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 385 diff changeset	584	<li> <H4>[CU10] Anything Interesting in the Areas</H4>
383 8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	585
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	586	<p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	587	<ul>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	588	<li><A HREF="http://elm-lang.org">Elm</A> (a reactive functional language for animating webpages; have a look at the cool examples, or <A HREF="http://pragmaticstudio.com/blog/2014/12/19/getting-started-with-elm">here</A> for an introduction)
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	589	<li><A HREF="http://www.smlserver.org/smltojs/">SMLtoJS</A> (a ML compiler to JavaScript; or anything else related to
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	590	sane languages that compile to JavaScript)
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	591	<li>Any statistical data related to Bitcoins (in the spirit of this
386 15ef47beeef1 updatad Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 385 diff changeset	592	<A HREF="http://people.csail.mit.edu/spillai/data/papers/bitcoin-transaction-graph-analysis.pdf">paper</A> or
383 8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	593	this <A HREF="https://eprint.iacr.org/2012/584.pdf">one</A>; this will probably require some extensive C knowledge or any
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	594	other heavy-duty programming language)
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	595	<li>Anything related to programming languages and formal methods (like
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	596	<A HREF="http://matt.might.net/articles/intro-static-analysis/">static program analysis</A>)
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	597	<li>Anything related to low-cost, hands-on hardware like Raspberry Pi, Arduino,
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	598	<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubieboard">Cubieboard</A>
388 39daa31ad0b3 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 387 diff changeset	599	<li>Anything related to unikernel operating systems, like
383 8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	600	<A HREF="http://www.xenproject.org">Xen</A> or
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	601	<A HREF="http://www.openmirage.org">Mirage OS</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	602	<li>Any kind of applied hacking, for example the Arduino-based keylogger described
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	603	<A HREF="http://samy.pl/keysweeper/">here</A>
439 e53441994412 added posix Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 430 diff changeset	604	<li>Anything related to code books, like this
e53441994412 added posix Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 430 diff changeset	605	<A HREF="http://www.joelotter.com/kajero/">one</A>
383 8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	606	</ul>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	607	</p>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	608
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	609
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	610	<li> <H4>Earlier Projects</H4>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	611
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	612	I am also open to project suggestions from you. You might find some inspiration from my earlier projects:
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	613	<A HREF="http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/bsc-projects-12.html">BSc 2012/13</A>,
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	614	<A HREF="http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/msc-projects-12.html">MSc 2012/13</A>,
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	615	<A HREF="http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/bsc-projects-13.html">BSc 2013/14</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	616	<A HREF="http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/msc-projects-13.html">MSc 2013/14</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	617	<A HREF="http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/bsc-projects-14.html">BSc 2014/15</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	618	<A HREF="http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/msc-projects-14.html">MSc 2014/15</A>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	619	</ul>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	620	</TD>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	621	</TR>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	622	</TABLE>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	623
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	624	<P>
439 e53441994412 added posix Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 430 diff changeset	625	<!-- hhmts start --> Last modified: Mon May 16 11:27:14 BST 2016 <!-- hhmts end -->
383 8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	626	<a href="http://validator.w3.org/check/referer">[Validate this page.]</a>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	627	</BODY>
8787b77c9472 updated Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: diff changeset	628	</HTML>

author	Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
	Fri, 23 Sep 2016 15:07:05 +0100
changeset 457	3feaf8bc3e48
parent 439	e53441994412
child 465	4dac76eb27d9
permissions	-rw-r--r--