updated
authorChristian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
Fri, 23 Nov 2018 01:52:37 +0000
changeset 217 e689375abcc1
parent 216 8c868feb917b
child 218 22705d22c105
updated
progs/lecture3.scala
slides/slides03.pdf
slides/slides03.tex
slides/slides04.tex
--- a/progs/lecture3.scala	Thu Nov 22 23:00:57 2018 +0000
+++ b/progs/lecture3.scala	Fri Nov 23 01:52:37 2018 +0000
@@ -1,238 +1,154 @@
 // Scala Lecture 3
 //=================
 
-// Pattern Matching
-//==================
+
+// A Web Crawler / Email Harvester
+//=================================
+//
+// the idea is to look for links using the
+// regular expression "https?://[^"]*" and for
+// email addresses using another regex.
+
+import io.Source
+import scala.util._
 
-// A powerful tool which is supposed to come to Java in a few years
-// time (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGll155-vuQ)...Scala already
-// has it for many years. Other functional languages have it already for
-// decades. I think I would be really upset if a programming language 
-// I have to use does not have pattern matching....its is just so 
-// useful. ;o)
+// gets the first 10K of a web-page
+def get_page(url: String) : String = {
+  Try(Source.fromURL(url)("ISO-8859-1").take(10000).mkString).
+    getOrElse { println(s"  Problem with: $url"); ""}
+}
 
-// The general schema:
-//
-//    expression match {
-//       case pattern1 => expression1
-//       case pattern2 => expression2
-//       ...
-//       case patternN => expressionN
-//    }
+// regex for URLs and emails
+val http_pattern = """"https?://[^"]*"""".r
+val email_pattern = """([a-z0-9_\.-]+)@([\da-z\.-]+)\.([a-z\.]{2,6})""".r
+
+//email_pattern.findAllIn
+//  ("foo bla christian@kcl.ac.uk 1234567").toList
 
 
-// remember
-val lst = List(None, Some(1), Some(2), None, Some(3)).flatten
+// drops the first and last character from a string
+def unquote(s: String) = s.drop(1).dropRight(1)
 
+def get_all_URLs(page: String): Set[String] = 
+  http_pattern.findAllIn(page).map(unquote).toSet
 
-def my_flatten(xs: List[Option[Int]]): List[Int] = {
-  if (xs == Nil) Nil
-  else if (xs.head == None) my_flatten(xs.tail)
-  else xs.head.get :: my_flatten(xs.tail)
+// naive version of crawl - searches until a given depth,
+// visits pages potentially more than once
+def crawl(url: String, n: Int) : Set[String] = {
+  if (n == 0) Set()
+  else {
+    println(s"  Visiting: $n $url")
+    val page = get_page(url)
+    val new_emails = email_pattern.findAllIn(page).toSet
+    new_emails ++ 
+      (for (u <- get_all_URLs(page)) yield crawl(u, n - 1)).flatten
+  }
 }
 
+// some starting URLs for the crawler
+val startURL = """https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/"""
+
+crawl(startURL, 2)
+
 
 
-val lst = List(None, Some(1), Some(2), None, Some(3))
+// User-defined Datatypes and Pattern Matching
+//============================================
+
 
-def my_flatten(lst: List[Option[Int]]): List[Int] = lst match {
-  case Nil => Nil
-  case None::xs => my_flatten(xs)
-  case Some(n)::xs => n::my_flatten(xs)
-}
-
-my_flatten(lst)
-
-Nil == List()
+abstract class Exp
+case class N(n: Int) extends Exp
+case class Plus(e1: Exp, e2: Exp) extends Exp
+case class Times(e1: Exp, e2: Exp) extends Exp
 
 
-// another example including a catch-all pattern
-def get_me_a_string(n: Int): String = n match {
-  case 0 => "zero"
-  case 1 => "one"
-  case 2 => "two"
-  case _ => "many"
-}
 
-get_me_a_string(10)
-
-// you can also have cases combined
-def season(month: String) = month match {
-  case "March" | "April" | "May" => "It's spring"
-  case "June" | "July" | "August" => "It's summer"
-  case "September" | "October" | "November" => "It's autumn"
-  case "December" | "January" | "February" => "It's winter"
-}
- 
-println(season("November"))
-
-// What happens if no case matches?
-
-println(season("foobar"))
-
-
-// we can also match more complicated pattern
-//
-// let's look at the Collatz function on binary strings
-
-// adding two binary strings in a very, very lazy manner
-
-def badd(s1: String, s2: String) : String = 
-  (BigInt(s1, 2) + BigInt(s2, 2)).toString(2)
-
-
-"111".dropRight(1)
-"111".last
-
-def bcollatz(s: String) : Long = (s.dropRight(1), s.last) match {
-  case ("", '1') => 1                               // we reached 1
-  case (rest, '0') => 1 + bcollatz(rest)            
-                                  // even number => divide by two
-  case (rest, '1') => 1 + bcollatz(badd(s + '1', s))
-                                  // odd number => s + '1' is 2 * s + 1
-                                  // add another s gives 3 * s + 1  
-} 
-
-bcollatz(6.toBinaryString)
-bcollatz(837799.toBinaryString)
-bcollatz(100000000000000000L.toBinaryString)
-bcollatz(BigInt("1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000").toString(2))
-
+// string of an Exp
+// eval of an Exp
+// simp an Exp
+// Tokens
+// Reverse Polish Notation
+// compute RP
+// transform RP into Exp
+// process RP string and generate Exp
 
 
 
-// User-defined Datatypes
-//========================
+def string(e: Exp) : String = e match {
+  case N(n) => n.toString
+  case Plus(e1, e2) => "(" + string(e1) + " + " + string(e2) + ")"
+  case Times(e1, e2) => "(" + string(e1) + " * " + string(e2) + ")"
+}
 
-abstract class Colour
-case object Red extends Colour 
-case object Green extends Colour 
-case object Blue extends Colour
+val e = Plus(N(9), Times(N(3), N(4)))
+
+println(string(e))
 
-def fav_colour(c: Colour) : Boolean = c match {
-  case Red   => false
-  case Green => true
-  case Blue  => false 
+def eval(e: Exp) : Int = e match {
+  case N(n) => n
+  case Plus(e1, e2) => eval(e1) + eval(e2)
+  case Times(e1, e2) => eval(e1) * eval(e2)
 }
 
-fav_colour(Green)
-
-
-// actually colors can be written with "object",
-// because they do not take any arguments
-
-abstract class Day
-case object Monday extends Day 
-case object Tuesday extends Day 
-case object Wednesday extends Day
-case object Thursday extends Day 
-case object Friday extends Day 
-case object Saturday extends Day
-case object Sunday extends Day 
+eval(e)
 
-abstract class Suit
-case object Spades extends Suit
-case object Hearts extends Suit
-case object Diamonds extends Suit
-case object Clubs extends Suit
-
-//define function for colour of suits
-
-abstract class Rank
-case class Ace extends Rank
-case class King extends Rank
-case class Queen extends Rank
-case class Jack extends Rank
-case class Num(n: Int) extends Rank
-
-//define functions for beats
-//beats Ace _ => true
-//beats _ Acs => false
+def simp(e: Exp) : Exp = e match {
+  case N(n) => N(n)
+  case Plus(e1, e2) => (simp(e1), simp(e2)) match {
+    case (N(0), e2s) => e2s
+    case (e1s, N(0)) => e1s
+    case (e1s, e2s) => Plus(e1s, e2s) 
+  }
+  case Times(e1, e2) => (simp(e1), simp(e2)) match {
+    case (N(0), e2s) => N(0)
+    case (e1s, N(0)) => N(0)
+    case (N(1), e2s) => e2s
+    case (e1s, N(1)) => e1s
+    case (e1s, e2s) => Times(e1s, e2s) 
+  }
+}
 
 
-// ... a bit more useful: Roman Numerals
-
-abstract class RomanDigit 
-case object I extends RomanDigit 
-case object V extends RomanDigit 
-case object X extends RomanDigit 
-case object L extends RomanDigit 
-case object C extends RomanDigit 
-case object D extends RomanDigit 
-case object M extends RomanDigit 
-
-type RomanNumeral = List[RomanDigit] 
+val e2 = Times(Plus(N(0), N(1)), Plus(N(0), N(9)))
+println(string(e2))
+println(string(simp(e2)))
 
-def RomanNumeral2Int(rs: RomanNumeral): Int = rs match { 
-  case Nil => 0
-  case M::r    => 1000 + RomanNumeral2Int(r)  
-  case C::M::r => 900 + RomanNumeral2Int(r)
-  case D::r    => 500 + RomanNumeral2Int(r)
-  case C::D::r => 400 + RomanNumeral2Int(r)
-  case C::r    => 100 + RomanNumeral2Int(r)
-  case X::C::r => 90 + RomanNumeral2Int(r)
-  case L::r    => 50 + RomanNumeral2Int(r)
-  case X::L::r => 40 + RomanNumeral2Int(r)
-  case X::r    => 10 + RomanNumeral2Int(r)
-  case I::X::r => 9 + RomanNumeral2Int(r)
-  case V::r    => 5 + RomanNumeral2Int(r)
-  case I::V::r => 4 + RomanNumeral2Int(r)
-  case I::r    => 1 + RomanNumeral2Int(r)
+// Token and Reverse Polish Notation
+abstract class Token
+case class T(n: Int) extends Token
+case object PL extends Token
+case object TI extends Token
+
+def rp(e: Exp) : List[Token] = e match {
+  case N(n) => List(T(n))
+  case Plus(e1, e2) => rp(e1) ::: rp(e2) ::: List(PL)
+  case Times(e1, e2) => rp(e1) ::: rp(e2) ::: List(TI)
 }
 
-RomanNumeral2Int(List(I,V))             // 4
-RomanNumeral2Int(List(I,I,I,I))         // 4 (invalid Roman number)
-RomanNumeral2Int(List(V,I))             // 6
-RomanNumeral2Int(List(I,X))             // 9
-RomanNumeral2Int(List(M,C,M,L,X,X,I,X)) // 1979
-RomanNumeral2Int(List(M,M,X,V,I,I))     // 2017
+def comp(ts: List[Token], stk: List[Int]) : Int = (ts, stk) match {
+  case (Nil, st) => st.head
+  case (T(n)::rest, st) => comp(rest, n::st)
+  case (PL::rest, n1::n2::st) => comp(rest, n1 + n2::st)
+  case (TI::rest, n1::n2::st) => comp(rest, n1 * n2::st)
+}
 
+def exp(ts: List[Token], st: List[Exp]) : Exp = (ts, st) match {
+  case (Nil, st) => st.head
+  case (T(n)::rest, st) => exp(rest, N(n)::st)
+  case (PL::rest, n1::n2::st) => exp(rest, Plus(n2, n1)::st)
+  case (TI::rest, n1::n2::st) => exp(rest, Times(n2, n1)::st)
+}
+
+exp(toks(e2), Nil)
+
+def proc(s: String) = s match {
+  case "+" => PL
+  case "*" => TI
+  case n => T(n.toInt)
+}
 
 
-// another example
-//=================
-
-// Once upon a time, in a complete fictional country there were Persons...
-
-abstract class Person
-case object King extends Person
-case class Peer(deg: String, terr: String, succ: Int) extends Person
-case class Knight(name: String) extends Person
-case class Peasant(name: String) extends Person
-case object Clown extends Person
-
-def title(p: Person): String = p match {
-  case King => "His Majesty the King"
-  case Peer(deg, terr, _) => s"The ${deg} of ${terr}"
-  case Knight(name) => s"Sir ${name}"
-  case Peasant(name) => name
-  case Clown => "My name is Boris Johnson"
-
-}
-
-title(Clown)
-
-
-
-def superior(p1: Person, p2: Person): Boolean = (p1, p2) match {
-  case (King, _) => true
-  case (Peer(_,_,_), Knight(_)) => true
-  case (Peer(_,_,_), Peasant(_)) => true
-  case (Peer(_,_,_), Clown) => true
-  case (Knight(_), Peasant(_)) => true
-  case (Knight(_), Clown) => true
-  case (Clown, Peasant(_)) => true
-  case _ => false
-}
-
-val people = List(Knight("David"), 
-                  Peer("Duke", "Norfolk", 84), 
-                  Peasant("Christian"), 
-                  King, 
-                  Clown)
-
-println(people.sortWith(superior(_, _)).mkString(", "))
-
+string(exp("1 2 + 4 * 5 + 3 +".split(" ").toList.map(proc), Nil))
 
 
 
@@ -269,7 +185,96 @@
 
 
 
-// sudoku again
+// Jumping Towers
+//================
+
+
+// the first n prefixes of xs
+// for 1 => include xs
+
+def moves(xs: List[Int], n: Int) : List[List[Int]] = (xs, n) match {
+  case (Nil, _) => Nil
+  case (xs, 0) => Nil
+  case (x::xs, n) => (x::xs) :: moves(xs, n - 1)
+}
+
+
+moves(List(5,1,0), 1)
+moves(List(5,1,0), 2)
+moves(List(5,1,0), 5)
+
+// checks whether a jump tour exists at all
+// in the second case it needs to be < instead of <=
+
+def search(xs: List[Int]) : Boolean = xs match {
+  case Nil => true
+  case (x::xs) =>
+    if (xs.length < x) true else moves(xs, x).exists(search(_))
+}
+
+
+search(List(5,3,2,5,1,1))
+search(List(3,5,1,0,0,0,1))
+search(List(3,5,1,0,0,0,0,1))
+search(List(3,5,1,0,0,0,1,1))
+search(List(3,5,1))
+search(List(5,1,1))
+search(Nil)
+search(List(1))
+search(List(5,1,1))
+search(List(3,5,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1))
+
+// generates *all* jump tours
+//    if we are only interested in the shortes one, we could
+//    shortcircut the calculation and only return List(x) in
+//    case where xs.length < x, because no tour can be shorter
+//    than 1
+// 
+
+def jumps(xs: List[Int]) : List[List[Int]] = xs match {
+  case Nil => Nil
+  case (x::xs) => {
+    val children = moves(xs, x)
+    val results = children.flatMap((cs) => jumps(cs).map(x :: _))
+    if (xs.length < x) List(x) :: results else results
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+jumps(List(5,3,2,5,1,1))
+jumps(List(3,5,1,2,1,2,1))
+jumps(List(3,5,1,2,3,4,1))
+jumps(List(3,5,1,0,0,0,1))
+jumps(List(3,5,1))
+jumps(List(5,1,1))
+jumps(Nil)
+jumps(List(1))
+jumps(List(5,1,2))
+moves(List(1,2), 5)
+jumps(List(1,5,1,2))
+jumps(List(3,5,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1))
+
+jumps(List(5,3,2,5,1,1)).minBy(_.length)
+jumps(List(1,3,5,8,9,2,6,7,6,8,9)).minBy(_.length)
+jumps(List(1,3,6,1,0,9)).minBy(_.length)
+jumps(List(2,3,1,1,2,4,2,0,1,1)).minBy(_.length)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// Sudoku 
+//========
+
+// THE POINT OF THIS CODE IS NOT TO BE SUPER
+// EFFICIENT AND FAST, just explaining exhaustive
+// depth-first search
+
 
 val game0 = """.14.6.3..
               |62...4..9
@@ -308,6 +313,11 @@
     (x0 until x0 + 3).toList.flatMap(x => ys.map(y => game(x + y * MaxValue)))
 }
 
+//get_row(game0, 0)
+//get_row(game0, 1)
+//get_box(game0, (3,1))
+
+
 // this is not mutable!!
 def update(game: String, pos: Int, value: Char): String = 
   game.updated(pos, value)
@@ -333,6 +343,58 @@
   }
 }
 
+search(game0).map(pretty)
+
+val game1 = """23.915...
+              |...2..54.
+              |6.7......
+              |..1.....9
+              |89.5.3.17
+              |5.....6..
+              |......9.5
+              |.16..7...
+              |...329..1""".stripMargin.replaceAll("\\n", "")
+
+
+// game that is in the hard category
+val game2 = """8........
+              |..36.....
+              |.7..9.2..
+              |.5...7...
+              |....457..
+              |...1...3.
+              |..1....68
+              |..85...1.
+              |.9....4..""".stripMargin.replaceAll("\\n", "")
+
+// game with multiple solutions
+val game3 = """.8...9743
+              |.5...8.1.
+              |.1.......
+              |8....5...
+              |...8.4...
+              |...3....6
+              |.......7.
+              |.3.5...8.
+              |9724...5.""".stripMargin.replaceAll("\\n", "")
+
+
+
+
+search(game1).map(pretty)
+search(game3).map(pretty)
+search(game2).map(pretty)
+
+// for measuring time
+def time_needed[T](i: Int, code: => T) = {
+  val start = System.nanoTime()
+  for (j <- 1 to i) code
+  val end = System.nanoTime()
+  ((end - start) / 1.0e9) + " secs"
+}
+
+time_needed(1, search(game2))
+
 // tail recursive version that searches 
 // for all solutions
 
@@ -365,6 +427,8 @@
 }
 
 search1T(List(game3)).map(pretty)
+time_needed(10, search1T(List(game3)))
+
 
 // game with multiple solutions
 val game3 = """.8...9743
@@ -419,7 +483,6 @@
   case x::xs => 1 + length(xs)
 }
 length(List("1", "2", "3", "4"))
-length(List(King, Knight("foo"), Clown))
 length(List(1, 2, 3, 4))
 
 def map[A, B](lst: List[A], f: A => B): List[B] = lst match {
@@ -430,9 +493,6 @@
 map_int_list(List(1, 2, 3, 4), square)
 
 
-// Remember?
-def first[A, B](xs: List[A], f: A => Option[B]): Option[B] = ...
-
 
 
 
@@ -462,95 +522,5 @@
 
 
 
-// Regular expressions - the power of DSLs in Scala
-//==================================================
-
-abstract class Rexp
-case object ZERO extends Rexp                       // nothing
-case object ONE extends Rexp                        // the empty string
-case class CHAR(c: Char) extends Rexp               // a character c
-case class ALT(r1: Rexp, r2: Rexp) extends Rexp     // alternative  r1 + r2
-case class SEQ(r1: Rexp, r2: Rexp) extends Rexp     // sequence     r1 o r2  
-case class STAR(r: Rexp) extends Rexp               // star         r*
-
-
-
-// (ab)*
-val r0 = STAR(SEQ(CHAR('a'), CHAR('b')))
-
-
-// some convenience for typing in regular expressions
-import scala.language.implicitConversions    
-import scala.language.reflectiveCalls 
-
-def charlist2rexp(s: List[Char]): Rexp = s match {
-  case Nil => ONE
-  case c::Nil => CHAR(c)
-  case c::s => SEQ(CHAR(c), charlist2rexp(s))
-}
-implicit def string2rexp(s: String): Rexp = charlist2rexp(s.toList)
 
 
-val r1 = STAR("ab")
-val r2 = STAR(ALT("ab"))
-val r3 = STAR(ALT("ab", "baa baa black sheep"))
-
-implicit def RexpOps (r: Rexp) = new {
-  def | (s: Rexp) = ALT(r, s)
-  def % = STAR(r)
-  def ~ (s: Rexp) = SEQ(r, s)
-}
-
-implicit def stringOps (s: String) = new {
-  def | (r: Rexp) = ALT(s, r)
-  def | (r: String) = ALT(s, r)
-  def % = STAR(s)
-  def ~ (r: Rexp) = SEQ(s, r)
-  def ~ (r: String) = SEQ(s, r)
-}
-
-//example regular expressions
-val digit = "0" | "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" | "8" | "9"
-val sign = "+" | "-" | ""
-val number = sign ~ digit ~ digit.% 
-
-
-
-
-
-// The End
-//=========
-
-// A function should do one thing, and only one thing.
-
-// Make your variables immutable, unless there's a good 
-// reason not to.
-
-// You can be productive on Day 1, but the language is deep.
-//
-// http://scalapuzzlers.com
-//
-// http://www.latkin.org/blog/2017/05/02/when-the-scala-compiler-doesnt-help/
-
-List(1, 2, 3) contains "your mom"
-
-// I like best about Scala that it lets me often write
-// concise, readable code.
-
-
-
-// You can define your own while loop
-
-
-def my_while(condition: => Boolean)(block: => Unit): Unit = 
-  if (condition) { block ; my_while(condition) { block } } else { }
-
-
-var x = 10
-my_while (x > 0) { 
-  println(s"$x") ; x = x - 1 
-}
-
-
-`symbol
-`symbol`
Binary file slides/slides03.pdf has changed
--- a/slides/slides03.tex	Thu Nov 22 23:00:57 2018 +0000
+++ b/slides/slides03.tex	Fri Nov 23 01:52:37 2018 +0000
@@ -21,58 +21,6 @@
 % beamer stuff 
 \renewcommand{\slidecaption}{PEP (Scala) 03, King's College London}
 
-\begin{filecontents}{re3a.data}
-1 0.00003
-500001 0.22527
-1000001 0.62752
-1500001 0.88485
-2000001 1.39815
-2500001 1.68619
-3000001 1.94957
-3500001 2.15878
-4000001 2.59918
-4500001 5.90679
-5000001 13.11295
-5500001 19.15376
-6000001 40.16373
-\end{filecontents}
-\begin{filecontents}{re-python2.data}
-1 0.033
-5 0.036
-10 0.034
-15 0.036
-18 0.059
-19 0.084
-20 0.141
-21 0.248
-22 0.485
-23 0.878
-24 1.71
-25 3.40
-26 7.08
-27 14.12
-28 26.69
-\end{filecontents}
-
-\begin{filecontents}{re-java.data}
-5  0.00298
-10  0.00418
-15  0.00996
-16  0.01710
-17  0.03492
-18  0.03303
-19  0.05084
-20  0.10177
-21  0.19960
-22  0.41159
-23  0.82234
-24  1.70251
-25  3.36112
-26  6.63998
-27  13.35120
-28  29.81185
-\end{filecontents}
-
 \begin{document}
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 \begin{frame}[t]
@@ -88,8 +36,7 @@
     Email:  & christian.urban at kcl.ac.uk\\
     Office: & N7.07 (North Wing, Bush House)\\
     Slides \& Code: & KEATS\medskip\\
-    Scala Office & \\
-    Hours: &  Thursdays 11 -- 13\\
+    Office Hours: &  \alert{next Monday} 11 -- 12 \& 13 -- 14\\
   \end{tabular}
   \end{center}
 
@@ -97,36 +44,66 @@
 \end{frame}
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     
 
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     
+
+\begin{frame}[c]
+\frametitle{Marks for CW6 (Part 1 + 2)}
+
+Raw marks (234 submissions):
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item 6\%: \hspace{4mm}163 students
+\item 5\%: \hspace{4mm}29
+\item 4\%: \hspace{4mm}3
+\item 3\%: \hspace{4mm}13
+\item 2\%: \hspace{4mm}3
+\item 1\%: \hspace{4mm}0
+\item 0\%: \hspace{4mm}23 
+\end{itemize}  
+\end{frame}
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
 
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 \begin{frame}[c,fragile]
 
-\begin{textblock}{6}(0.5,0.5)
-\begin{bubble}[11.5cm]
-\footnotesize
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=Scala, numbers=none, xleftmargin=-1mm]
-import java.util.concurrent._
-import java.util.concurrent.atomic._
+def collatz(n: Long) : Long =
+  {
+    val toReturn = collatzHelper(n, 0)
+    toReturn
+  } 
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\pause
+\bigskip
+\rule{11cm}{0.3mm}
+\bigskip
 
-  def collatz(input:Int){
-          CollatzConjecture(input);
-          println(count.get());
-      }
-      def collatz_max(input:Int){
-          val List = new Array[Int](input)
-            for (i <- 0 to input-1){
-                CollaĵConjecture(i);
-                List(i)=count.get();
-                count.set(0);
-            }
-            val max = new AtomicInteger();
-            max.set(List(0));
-            val index = new AtomicInteger();
-            index.set(1);
- 
-\end{lstlisting}
-\end{bubble}
-\end{textblock}
+\begin{lstlisting}[language=Scala, numbers=none, xleftmargin=-1mm]
+def collatz(n: Long) : Long =
+  collatzHelper(n, 0)
+\end{lstlisting}\pause
+
+
+\end{frame}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{frame}[c,fragile]
+
+\begin{lstlisting}[language=Scala, numbers=none, xleftmargin=-1mm]
+def collatz_max(bnd: Long) : (Long,Long) = {val lst = for(a<-(1 to bnd.toInt)) yield (collatz(a),a.toLong);val lst2 = lst.sortBy(_._1);lst2(lst2.length-1)}
+\end{lstlisting}\bigskip
+
+\tiny
+\begin{lstlisting}[language=Scala, numbers=none, xleftmargin=-1mm]
+def collatz_max(bnd: Long) : (Long,Long) = {val lst = for(a<-(1 to bnd.toInt)) yield (collatz(a),a.toLong);val lst2 = lst.sortBy(_._1);lst2(lst2.length-1)}
+\end{lstlisting}\pause
+
 
 \end{frame}
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
@@ -134,186 +111,109 @@
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 \begin{frame}[c,fragile]
 
-\begin{textblock}{6}(0.5,0.5)
-\begin{bubble}[11.5cm]
-\footnotesize
-\begin{lstlisting}[language=Scala, numbers=none, xleftmargin=-1mm]
-             for(i<-0 to input-1){
-                val temp :Int=max.get();
-                if (temp < List(i)){
-                    max.set(List(i));
-                    index.set(i);
-                }
-            }
-            println("("+max.get() +","+ index.get()+ ")");
-      }
+\small
+\begin{lstlisting}[language=Scala, xleftmargin=-4mm,numbers=left]
+ def process_ratings(lines: List[String]) = {
+    val values = List[(String,String)]()
+
+    for(line <- lines){
+        val splitList = line.split(",").toList
 
-      def CollatzConjecture(n: Long): Long = {
-        count.incrementAndGet();
-        if (n <= 1)
-            1
-        else if (n\%2 ==0)
-            CollatzConjecture(n/2);
-            else
-               CollatzConjecture((3*n)+1);
-   }
+        if(splitList(2).toInt >= 4){
+            val userID = splitList(0)
+            val movieID = splitList(1)
+            val tuple = (userID, movieID)
+            tuple :: values
+        }
+    }
+    
+    values
  }
 \end{lstlisting}
-\end{bubble}
-\end{textblock}
+
+\normalsize
+What does this function always return?
+
 
 \end{frame}
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
 
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{frame}[c]
-  \frametitle{CW3 (1 Part): Regexes}
-  
-\begin{center}
-  Graphs: $(a^*)^* b$ and strings $\underbrace{\;a\ldots a\;}_{n}$\bigskip
-  
-\begin{tabular}[t]{@{\hspace{-8mm}}c@{\hspace{-4mm}}c@{}}
-\raisebox{6mm}{\begin{tikzpicture}
-\begin{axis}[
-    xlabel={$n$},
-    x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
-    ylabel={time in secs},
-    enlargelimits=false,
-    xtick={0,5,...,30},
-    xmax=33,
-    ymax=35,
-    ytick={0,5,...,30},
-    scaled ticks=false,
-    axis lines=left,
-    width=5.5cm,
-    height=5cm, 
-    legend entries={Python,  Java 8},  
-    legend pos=north west,
-    legend cell align=left]
-\addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};  
-\addplot[cyan,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-java.data};
-\end{axis}
-\end{tikzpicture}}
-  &
-\onslide<2>{\begin{tikzpicture}
-  \begin{axis}[
-    xlabel={$n$},
-    x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
-    ylabel={time in secs},
-    enlargelimits=false,
-    ymax=35,
-    ytick={0,5,...,30},
-    axis lines=left,
-    %%scaled ticks=false,
-    width=5.5cm, 
-    height=5cm]
-%%\addplot[green,mark=square*,mark options={fill=white}] table {re2a.data};    
-\addplot[red,mark=square*,mark options={fill=white}] table {re3a.data};
-\end{axis}
-\end{tikzpicture}}
-\end{tabular}
-\end{center}
-
-\hfill\small\url{https://vimeo.com/112065252}
-\end{frame}
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     
 
 \begin{frame}[c]
-\frametitle{Where to go on from here?}
+\frametitle{Jumping Towers}
+
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.2]
+  \draw[line width=1mm,cap=round] (0,0) -- (5,0);
+  \draw[line width=1mm,cap=round] (0,1) -- (5,1);
+
+  \draw[line width=1mm,cap=round] (0,0) -- (0,1);
+  \node at (0.5,0.5) {\textbf{\Large 3}};
+
+  \draw[line width=1mm,cap=round] (1,0) -- (1,1);
+  \node at (1.5,0.5) {\textbf{\Large 4}};
+
+  \draw[line width=1mm,cap=round] (2,0) -- (2,1);
+  \node at (2.5,0.5) {\textbf{\Large 2}};
 
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Martin Odersky (EPFL)\ldots he is currently throwing out everything
-  and starts again with the dotty compiler for Scala\medskip
+  \draw[line width=1mm,cap=round] (3,0) -- (3,1);
+  \node at (3.5,0.5) {\textbf{\Large 0}};
+  
+  \draw[line width=1mm,cap=round] (4,0) -- (4,1);
+
+  \node at (4.5,0.5) {\textbf{\Large 1}};
+  
+  \draw[line width=1mm,cap=round] (5,0) -- (5,1);
 
-\item Elm (\url{http://elm-lang.org})\ldots web applications with style\medskip   
+  \draw[->,line width=0.5mm,cap=round,out=90,in=90,relative] (0.5,1) to (1.5,1);
+  \draw[->,line width=0.5mm,cap=round,out=90,in=90,relative] (0.5,1) to (2.5,1);
+  \draw[->,line width=0.5mm,cap=round,out=90,in=90,relative] (0.5,1) to (3.5,1);
+
+  \draw[->,line width=0.5mm,cap=round,out=-90,in=-90,relative] (2.5,0) to (3.5,0);
+  \draw[->,line width=0.5mm,cap=round,out=-90,in=-90,relative] (2.5,0) to (4.5,0);
 
-\item Haskell, Ocaml, Standard ML, Scheme, \ldots 
-\end{itemize}  
+  \draw[->,line width=0.5mm,cap=round,out=90,in=90,relative] (4.5,1) to (5.7,1);
+  \node at (5.7, 0.8) {End};
+\end{tikzpicture}
+\end{center}\bigskip
+
+
+shortest: 3 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ End
+
 \end{frame}
 
 
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{frame}[c,fragile]
-\frametitle{\alert{Questions?}}
-
-{\tiny
-\begin{verbatim}
-                               *
-                              * *
-                             *   *
-                            * * * *
-                           *       *
-                          * *     * *
-                         *   *   *   *
-                        * * * * * * * *
-                       *               *
-                      * *             * *
-                     *   *           *   *
-                    * * * *         * * * *
-                   *       *       *       *
-                  * *     * *     * *     * *
-                 *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *
-                * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
-               *                               *
-              * *                             * *
-             *   *                           *   *
-            * * * *                         * * * *
-           *       *                       *       *
-          * *     * *                     * *     * *
-         *   *   *   *                   *   *   *   *
-        * * * * * * * *                 * * * * * * * *
-       *               *               *               *
-      * *             * *             * *             * *
-     *   *           *   *           *   *           *   *
-    * * * *         * * * *         * * * *         * * * *
-   *       *       *       *       *       *       *       *
-  * *     * *     * *     * *     * *     * *     * *     * *
- *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *
-* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
-\end{verbatim}}
-
-
-\begin{textblock}{6}(8.5,3.5)
-\begin{bubble}[5cm]
-\footnotesize
-\begin{lstlisting}[language=Scala, numbers=none, xleftmargin=-1mm]
-++++++++[>+>++++<<-]>++>>
-+<[-[>>+<<-]+>>]>+[-<<<[-
->[+[-]+>++>>>-<<]<[<]>>++
-++++[<<+++++>>-]+<<++.[-]
-<<]>.>+[>>]>+]
-\end{lstlisting}
-\end{bubble}
-\end{textblock}
-  
-\end{frame}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
 
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     
 
 \begin{frame}[c]
-\frametitle{Marks for CW6 (Part 1 + 2)}
-
-Raw marks:
+\frametitle{``Children'' / moves}
 
-\begin{itemize}
-\item 6\%: 154 students
-\item 5\%: 66
-\item 4\%: 18
-\item 3\%: 13
-\item 2\%: 2
-\item 1\%: 1
-\item 0\%: 21 
-\end{itemize}  
+\begin{center}
+  \begin{tikzpicture}
+    [grow=right,level distance=30mm,child anchor=north,line width=0.5mm]
+  \node {$[3,4,2,0,1]$}
+     child {node {$[0,1]$}}
+     child {node {$[2,0,1]$}
+        child {node {$[1]$} child [level distance=13mm] {node {End}}}
+        child {node {$[0,1]$}}
+     }
+     child {node {$[4,2,0,1]$\ldots}};
+\end{tikzpicture}
+\end{center}
+
+
+
 \end{frame}
 
 
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 
+
+
 \end{document}
 
 
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/slides/slides04.tex	Fri Nov 23 01:52:37 2018 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+\documentclass[dvipsnames,14pt,t,xelatex]{beamer}
+\usepackage{../slides}
+\usepackage{../graphics}
+\usepackage{../langs}
+%%\usepackage{../data}
+\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
+
+\hfuzz=220pt 
+
+%\setmonofont[Scale=.88]{Consolas}
+%\newfontfamily{\consolas}{Consolas}
+
+\lstset{language=Scala,
+        style=mystyle,
+        numbersep=0pt,
+        numbers=none,
+        xleftmargin=0mm}
+
+\newcommand{\bl}[1]{\textcolor{blue}{#1}}     
+
+% beamer stuff 
+\renewcommand{\slidecaption}{PEP (Scala) 03, King's College London}
+
+\begin{filecontents}{re3a.data}
+1 0.00003
+500001 0.22527
+1000001 0.62752
+1500001 0.88485
+2000001 1.39815
+2500001 1.68619
+3000001 1.94957
+3500001 2.15878
+4000001 2.59918
+4500001 5.90679
+5000001 13.11295
+5500001 19.15376
+6000001 40.16373
+\end{filecontents}
+\begin{filecontents}{re-python2.data}
+1 0.033
+5 0.036
+10 0.034
+15 0.036
+18 0.059
+19 0.084
+20 0.141
+21 0.248
+22 0.485
+23 0.878
+24 1.71
+25 3.40
+26 7.08
+27 14.12
+28 26.69
+\end{filecontents}
+
+\begin{filecontents}{re-java.data}
+5  0.00298
+10  0.00418
+15  0.00996
+16  0.01710
+17  0.03492
+18  0.03303
+19  0.05084
+20  0.10177
+21  0.19960
+22  0.41159
+23  0.82234
+24  1.70251
+25  3.36112
+26  6.63998
+27  13.35120
+28  29.81185
+\end{filecontents}
+
+\begin{document}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{frame}[t]
+\frametitle{%
+  \begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}
+  \\[5mm]
+  \huge PEP Scala (3) 
+  \end{tabular}}
+
+  \normalsize
+  \begin{center}
+  \begin{tabular}{ll}
+    Email:  & christian.urban at kcl.ac.uk\\
+    Office: & N7.07 (North Wing, Bush House)\\
+    Slides \& Code: & KEATS\medskip\\
+    Scala Office & \\
+    Hours: &  Thursdays 11 -- 13\\
+  \end{tabular}
+  \end{center}
+
+
+\end{frame}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{frame}[c,fragile]
+
+\begin{textblock}{6}(0.5,0.5)
+\begin{bubble}[11.5cm]
+\footnotesize
+\begin{lstlisting}[language=Scala, numbers=none, xleftmargin=-1mm]
+import java.util.concurrent._
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic._
+
+  def collatz(input:Int){
+          CollatzConjecture(input);
+          println(count.get());
+      }
+      def collatz_max(input:Int){
+          val List = new Array[Int](input)
+            for (i <- 0 to input-1){
+                CollaĵConjecture(i);
+                List(i)=count.get();
+                count.set(0);
+            }
+            val max = new AtomicInteger();
+            max.set(List(0));
+            val index = new AtomicInteger();
+            index.set(1);
+ 
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{bubble}
+\end{textblock}
+
+\end{frame}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{frame}[c,fragile]
+
+\begin{textblock}{6}(0.5,0.5)
+\begin{bubble}[11.5cm]
+\footnotesize
+\begin{lstlisting}[language=Scala, numbers=none, xleftmargin=-1mm]
+             for(i<-0 to input-1){
+                val temp :Int=max.get();
+                if (temp < List(i)){
+                    max.set(List(i));
+                    index.set(i);
+                }
+            }
+            println("("+max.get() +","+ index.get()+ ")");
+      }
+
+      def CollatzConjecture(n: Long): Long = {
+        count.incrementAndGet();
+        if (n <= 1)
+            1
+        else if (n\%2 ==0)
+            CollatzConjecture(n/2);
+            else
+               CollatzConjecture((3*n)+1);
+   }
+ }
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{bubble}
+\end{textblock}
+
+\end{frame}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{frame}[c]
+  \frametitle{CW3 (1 Part): Regexes}
+  
+\begin{center}
+  Graphs: $(a^*)^* b$ and strings $\underbrace{\;a\ldots a\;}_{n}$\bigskip
+  
+\begin{tabular}[t]{@{\hspace{-8mm}}c@{\hspace{-4mm}}c@{}}
+\raisebox{6mm}{\begin{tikzpicture}
+\begin{axis}[
+    xlabel={$n$},
+    x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
+    ylabel={time in secs},
+    enlargelimits=false,
+    xtick={0,5,...,30},
+    xmax=33,
+    ymax=35,
+    ytick={0,5,...,30},
+    scaled ticks=false,
+    axis lines=left,
+    width=5.5cm,
+    height=5cm, 
+    legend entries={Python,  Java 8},  
+    legend pos=north west,
+    legend cell align=left]
+\addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};  
+\addplot[cyan,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-java.data};
+\end{axis}
+\end{tikzpicture}}
+  &
+\onslide<2>{\begin{tikzpicture}
+  \begin{axis}[
+    xlabel={$n$},
+    x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
+    ylabel={time in secs},
+    enlargelimits=false,
+    ymax=35,
+    ytick={0,5,...,30},
+    axis lines=left,
+    %%scaled ticks=false,
+    width=5.5cm, 
+    height=5cm]
+%%\addplot[green,mark=square*,mark options={fill=white}] table {re2a.data};    
+\addplot[red,mark=square*,mark options={fill=white}] table {re3a.data};
+\end{axis}
+\end{tikzpicture}}
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+\hfill\small\url{https://vimeo.com/112065252}
+\end{frame}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     
+
+\begin{frame}[c]
+\frametitle{Where to go on from here?}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Martin Odersky (EPFL)\ldots he is currently throwing out everything
+  and starts again with the dotty compiler for Scala\medskip
+
+\item Elm (\url{http://elm-lang.org})\ldots web applications with style\medskip   
+
+\item Haskell, Ocaml, Standard ML, Scheme, \ldots 
+\end{itemize}  
+\end{frame}
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{frame}[c,fragile]
+\frametitle{\alert{Questions?}}
+
+{\tiny
+\begin{verbatim}
+                               *
+                              * *
+                             *   *
+                            * * * *
+                           *       *
+                          * *     * *
+                         *   *   *   *
+                        * * * * * * * *
+                       *               *
+                      * *             * *
+                     *   *           *   *
+                    * * * *         * * * *
+                   *       *       *       *
+                  * *     * *     * *     * *
+                 *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *
+                * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
+               *                               *
+              * *                             * *
+             *   *                           *   *
+            * * * *                         * * * *
+           *       *                       *       *
+          * *     * *                     * *     * *
+         *   *   *   *                   *   *   *   *
+        * * * * * * * *                 * * * * * * * *
+       *               *               *               *
+      * *             * *             * *             * *
+     *   *           *   *           *   *           *   *
+    * * * *         * * * *         * * * *         * * * *
+   *       *       *       *       *       *       *       *
+  * *     * *     * *     * *     * *     * *     * *     * *
+ *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *
+* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
+\end{verbatim}}
+
+
+\begin{textblock}{6}(8.5,3.5)
+\begin{bubble}[5cm]
+\footnotesize
+\begin{lstlisting}[language=Scala, numbers=none, xleftmargin=-1mm]
+++++++++[>+>++++<<-]>++>>
++<[-[>>+<<-]+>>]>+[-<<<[-
+>[+[-]+>++>>>-<<]<[<]>>++
+++++[<<+++++>>-]+<<++.[-]
+<<]>.>+[>>]>+]
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{bubble}
+\end{textblock}
+  
+\end{frame}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     
+
+\begin{frame}[c]
+\frametitle{Marks for CW6 (Part 1 + 2)}
+
+Raw marks:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item 6\%: 154 students
+\item 5\%: 66
+\item 4\%: 18
+\item 3\%: 13
+\item 2\%: 2
+\item 1\%: 1
+\item 0\%: 21 
+\end{itemize}  
+\end{frame}
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\end{document}
+
+
+\end{document}
+
+%%% Local Variables:  
+%%% mode: latex
+%%% TeX-master: t
+%%% End: 
+