| author | Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk> | 
| Fri, 17 Oct 2025 11:20:49 +0100 | |
| changeset 1010 | ae9ffbf979ff | 
| parent 1009 | 432d027aa6f7 | 
| child 1011 | 31e011ce66e3 | 
| permissions | -rw-r--r-- | 
| 651 | 1 | % !TEX program = xelatex | 
| 743 | 2 | \documentclass[dvipsnames,14pt,t,xelatex,aspectratio=169,xcolor={table}]{beamer}
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changeset | 3 | \usepackage{../slides}
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| 871 | 4 | \usepackage{../graphicss}
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changeset | 5 | \usepackage{../langs}
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changeset | 6 | \usepackage{../data}
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| 25 | 7 | |
| 781 | 8 | \usepackage{tcolorbox}
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| 9 | \newtcolorbox{mybox}{colback=red!5!white,colframe=red!75!black}
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| 10 | \newtcolorbox{mybox2}[1]{colback=red!5!white,colframe=red!75!black,fonttitle=\bfseries,title=#1}
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| 11 | \newtcolorbox{mybox3}[1]{colback=Cyan!5!white,colframe=Cyan!75!black,fonttitle=\bfseries,title=#1}
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| 12 | ||
| 13 | ||
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changeset | 14 | \hfuzz=220pt | 
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changeset | 15 | |
| 781 | 16 | \pgfplotsset{compat=1.17}
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changeset | 17 | |
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changeset | 18 | \newcommand{\bl}[1]{\textcolor{blue}{#1}}  
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| 25 | 19 | |
| 20 | % beamer stuff | |
| 445 | 21 | \renewcommand{\slidecaption}{CFL 03, King's College London}
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| 25 | 22 | |
| 23 | \begin{document}
 | |
| 24 | ||
| 25 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
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changeset | 26 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 25 | 27 | \frametitle{%
 | 
| 28 |   \begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}
 | |
| 29 | \\[-3mm] | |
| 889 | 30 | \LARGE Compilers and \\[-1mm] | 
| 31 | \LARGE Formal Languages\\[-5mm] | |
| 25 | 32 |   \end{tabular}}
 | 
| 33 | ||
| 651 | 34 | \normalsize | 
| 25 | 35 |   \begin{center}
 | 
| 651 | 36 |   \begin{tabular}{ll}
 | 
| 967 | 37 | Email: & christian.urban at kcl.ac.uk\\ | 
| 1007 | 38 | Office Hour: & Friday 11:30 -- 12:30\\ | 
| 889 | 39 | Location: & N7.07 (North Wing, Bush House)\\ | 
| 40 | Slides \& Progs: & KEATS\\ | |
| 1009 | 41 |   %%Pollev: & \texttt{\alert{https://pollev.com/cfltutoratki576}}\\  
 | 
| 25 | 42 |   \end{tabular}
 | 
| 889 | 43 |   \end{center}
 | 
| 743 | 44 | |
| 45 |   \begin{center}
 | |
| 46 |     \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 47 | \node[drop shadow,fill=white,inner sep=0pt] | |
| 48 |       {\footnotesize\rowcolors{1}{capri!10}{white}
 | |
| 49 |         \begin{tabular}{|p{4.8cm}|p{4.8cm}|}\hline
 | |
| 50 | 1 Introduction, Languages & 6 While-Language \\ | |
| 51 | 2 Regular Expressions, Derivatives & 7 Compilation, JVM \\ | |
| 52 |           \cellcolor{blue!50}
 | |
| 53 | 3 Automata, Regular Languages & 8 Compiling Functional Languages \\ | |
| 54 | 4 Lexing, Tokenising & 9 Optimisations \\ | |
| 55 | 5 Grammars, Parsing & 10 LLVM \\ \hline | |
| 56 |         \end{tabular}%
 | |
| 57 | }; | |
| 58 |     \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 25 | 59 |   \end{center}
 | 
| 60 | ||
| 1007 | 61 | \begin{textblock}{5}(12,3)
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| 62 |   \includegraphics[scale=0.35]{qr01}\\
 | |
| 1009 | 63 |   \small{}Wifi: IET-Guest\\
 | 
| 1007 | 64 |   \end{textblock} 
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changeset | 65 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 445 | 66 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 67 | ||
| 1010 | 68 | |
| 69 | ||
| 70 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 967 | 71 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 1010 | 72 | |
| 73 | \begin{mybox3}{From Mentimeter}\it    
 | |
| 74 | Is there a specific reason Python and the other programming | |
| 75 | languages have not implemented their regex matcher like the much | |
| 76 | faster algorithms described in the videos? | |
| 77 | \end{mybox3}  
 | |
| 78 | ||
| 79 | \begin{mybox3}{From the Survey}\it    
 | |
| 80 | If worst case for regex with derivatives is same as a | |
| 81 | normal regex engine, why is there a heavy focus on regex | |
| 82 | for lexer given most languages don't use it. | |
| 83 | \end{mybox3}  
 | |
| 967 | 84 | |
| 85 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1010 | 86 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 87 | ||
| 88 | ||
| 89 | ||
| 90 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 91 | %{
 | |
| 92 | %\setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
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| 93 | %\begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 94 | %\frametitle{For Installation Problems}
 | |
| 95 | % | |
| 96 | %\begin{itemize}
 | |
| 97 | %\item Harry Dilnot (harry.dilnot@kcl.ac.uk) \\ | |
| 98 | % \;\;Windows expert | |
| 99 | %\item Oliver Iliffe (oliver.iliffe@kcl.ac.uk) | |
| 100 | %\end{itemize}
 | |
| 101 | % | |
| 102 | %\end{frame}
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| 103 | %} | |
| 967 | 104 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 105 | ||
| 106 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1009 | 107 | %\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 108 | % | |
| 109 | %\begin{mybox3}{From Pollev last week}\it    
 | |
| 110 | %Is the equivalence of two regexes belong in the P or NP class of problems? | |
| 111 | %\end{mybox3}  
 | |
| 112 | % | |
| 113 | %\end{frame}
 | |
| 967 | 114 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 115 | ||
| 116 | ||
| 117 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1009 | 118 | %\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 119 | % | |
| 120 | %\begin{mybox3}{From Pollev last week}\it    
 | |
| 121 | % If state machines are not efficient, then how/why do many lexer | |
| 122 | % packages like the logos crate in rust compile down a lexer | |
| 123 | % definition down to a jump table driven state machine? | |
| 124 | %  \textcolor{gray}{Could we
 | |
| 125 | % achieve quicker lexing with things like SIMD instructions?} | |
| 126 | %\end{mybox3}  
 | |
| 127 | %\end{frame}
 | |
| 967 | 128 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 129 | ||
| 130 | ||
| 131 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 132 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 972 | 133 | %%\frametitle{\boldmath$(abcdef)^{\{n\}}$ in Rust and Scala}
 | 
| 967 | 134 | |
| 135 | \begin{textblock}{14}(1,3)
 | |
| 136 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 137 | \begin{axis}[
 | |
| 972 | 138 |     xlabel={\bl{n} copies of \bl{\texttt{"}abcdef\texttt{"}}}, 
 | 
| 967 | 139 |     x label style={at={(0.45,-0.16)}},
 | 
| 140 |     ylabel={time in secs},
 | |
| 141 | enlargelimits=false, | |
| 142 |     ytick={0,10,...,60},
 | |
| 143 | ymax=65, | |
| 144 | xmax=50000, | |
| 145 |     xtick={0,10000,...,40000},
 | |
| 146 | scaled ticks=false, | |
| 147 | axis lines=left, | |
| 148 | width=10cm, | |
| 149 | height=6cm, | |
| 150 |     legend entries={Rust, Scala V3},
 | |
| 972 | 151 |     legend style={font=\small,at={(1.0,0.48)},anchor=north},
 | 
| 967 | 152 | legend cell align=left] | 
| 153 |     \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-rust2.data};
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| 154 |     \only<2>{\addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-scala2.data};}
 | |
| 155 | \end{axis}
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| 156 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 157 | \end{textblock}
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| 158 | ||
| 972 | 159 | \begin{textblock}{9}(1.8,1.8)
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| 160 | {Regular expression: \bl{\texttt{(abcdef)$^{\{\textrm{n}\}}$}}}
 | |
| 161 | \end{textblock}
 | |
| 162 | ||
| 163 | \begin{textblock}{6}(10.5,11.4)
 | |
| 164 | {\bl{$n$}}
 | |
| 165 | \end{textblock}
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| 166 | ||
| 967 | 167 | \end{frame}
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| 168 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 169 | ||
| 972 | 170 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 171 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 172 | %%\frametitle{\boldmath$(abcdef)^{\{n\}}$ in Rust and Scala}
 | |
| 173 | ||
| 174 | \begin{textblock}{14}(1,3)
 | |
| 175 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 176 | \begin{axis}[
 | |
| 177 |     xlabel={strings of the form \bl{$\underbrace{\texttt{a}...\texttt{a}}_n$}}, 
 | |
| 178 |     x label style={at={(0.45,-0.16)}},
 | |
| 179 |     ylabel={time in secs},
 | |
| 180 | enlargelimits=false, | |
| 181 |     xtick={0,5,10,...,30},
 | |
| 182 | xmax=35, | |
| 183 | ymax=35, | |
| 184 |     ytick={0,10,...,30},
 | |
| 185 | scaled ticks=false, | |
| 186 | axis lines=left, | |
| 187 | width=10cm, | |
| 188 | height=6cm, | |
| 189 |     legend entries={Python,JavaScript,Swift,Dart},
 | |
| 190 |     legend style={font=\small,at={(1.15,0.78)},anchor=north},
 | |
| 191 | legend cell align=left] | |
| 192 |     \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
 | |
| 193 |     \addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-js.data};
 | |
| 194 |     \addplot[magenta,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-swift.data};
 | |
| 195 |     \addplot[brown,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-dart.data};
 | |
| 196 | ||
| 197 | \end{axis}
 | |
| 198 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 199 | \end{textblock}
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| 200 | ||
| 201 | \begin{textblock}{6}(1.8,1.8)
 | |
| 202 | {Regular expression: \bl{\texttt{(a*)*$\,$b}}}
 | |
| 203 | \end{textblock}
 | |
| 204 | ||
| 205 | \begin{textblock}{6}(10.5,11.4)
 | |
| 206 | {\bl{$n$}}
 | |
| 207 | \end{textblock}
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| 208 | ||
| 209 | \end{frame}
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| 210 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 211 | ||
| 212 | % @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ | |
| 977 | 213 | %\end{document}
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| 972 | 214 | % @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ | 
| 215 | ||
| 967 | 216 | |
| 217 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1010 | 218 | %\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 219 | % | |
| 220 | %\begin{mybox3}{From Pollev last week}\it    
 | |
| 221 | % For a regular expression $r = r_1 \cdot r_2$, to prove that | |
| 222 | %  $der\;c\;r = (der\;c\;r) \cdot r^{\{n-1\}}$, is there a
 | |
| 223 | % way to prove it in the general case instead | |
| 224 | % of how you do the calculations for each $n$ in the videos? | |
| 225 | %\end{mybox3}  
 | |
| 226 | % | |
| 227 | %\end{frame}
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| 967 | 228 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 229 | ||
| 230 | ||
| 231 | ||
| 941 | 232 | {
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| 233 | \setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
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| 234 | \begin{frame}<1-10>[c]
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| 235 | \end{frame}
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| 236 | } | |
| 237 | ||
| 238 | ||
| 239 | ||
| 240 | ||
| 445 | 241 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 776 | 242 | %\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 243 | %\frametitle{Scala Book, Exams}
 | |
| 244 | % | |
| 245 | %\begin{itemize}
 | |
| 246 | %\item \small https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/ProgInScala2ed.pdf\normalsize | |
| 247 | %\item homework (written exam 80\%) | |
| 248 | %\item coursework (20\%)\bigskip | |
| 249 | %\item short survey at KEATS; to be answered until Sunday | |
| 250 | %\end{itemize}
 | |
| 445 | 251 | |
| 776 | 252 | %\end{frame}
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| 445 | 253 | %%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 25 | 254 | |
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changeset | 257 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 25 | 258 | \begin{frame}[t]
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| 651 | 259 | \frametitle{(Basic) Regular Expressions}
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| 25 | 260 | |
| 261 | \begin{center}
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changeset | 262 |    \begin{tabular}{@ {}rrl@ {\hspace{13mm}}l}
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| 515 | 263 |   \bl{$r$} & \bl{$::=$}  & \bl{$\ZERO$}  & nothing\\
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| 445 | 264 |          & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$\ONE$}        & empty string / "" / $[]$\\
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changeset | 265 |          & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$c$}                         & character\\
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changeset | 266 |          & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r_1 \cdot r_2$} & sequence\\
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changeset | 267 |          & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r_1 + r_2$}  & alternative / choice\\
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changeset | 268 |          & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r^*$}                   & star (zero or more)\\
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changeset | 269 |   \end{tabular}
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| 25 | 270 |   \end{center}
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changeset | 272 | How about ranges \bl{$[a\mbox{-}z]$}, \bl{$r^+$} and \bl{$\sim{}r$}? Do they increase the
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changeset | 273 | set of languages we can recognise? | 
| 25 | 274 | |
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changeset | 275 | \end{frame}
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| 25 | 276 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 277 | ||
| 278 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 776 | 279 | \begin{frame}[t]
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changeset | 280 | \frametitle{Negation}
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changeset | 282 | Assume you have an alphabet consisting of the letters \bl{$a$}, \bl{$b$} and \bl{$c$} only.
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changeset | 283 | Find a (basic!) regular expression that matches all strings \emph{\alert{except}} 
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changeset | 284 | \bl{$ab$} and \bl{$ac$}!
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changeset | 286 | \end{frame}
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changeset | 287 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 288 | |
| 25 | 289 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 573 | 290 | \begin{frame}[t]
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changeset | 291 | \frametitle{Automata}
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| 25 | 292 | |
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changeset | 293 | A \alert{\bf deterministic finite automaton}, DFA, consists of:
 | 
| 25 | 294 | |
| 295 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 515 | 296 | \item an alphabet \bl{$\varSigma$}  
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| 574 | 297 | \item a set of states \bl{$\mbox{Qs}$}
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| 515 | 298 | \item one of these states is the start state \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$}
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changeset | 299 | \item some states are accepting states \bl{$F$}, and
 | 
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changeset | 300 | \item there is transition function \bl{$\delta$}\bigskip 
 | 
| 25 | 301 | |
| 302 | \small | |
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changeset | 303 | which takes a state as argument and a character and produces a | 
| 515 | 304 | new state; this function might not be everywhere defined $\Rightarrow$ partial function | 
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changeset | 305 | \end{itemize}
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changeset | 307 | \begin{center}
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| 574 | 308 | \bl{$A(\varSigma, \mbox{Qs}, \mbox{Q}_0, F, \delta)$}
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changeset | 309 | \end{center}
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changeset | 311 | \end{frame}
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changeset | 312 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 315 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 316 | \begin{frame}[c]
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changeset | 318 | \begin{center}
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changeset | 319 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 573 | 320 |   every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,
 | 
| 321 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},] | |
| 515 | 322 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
| 323 | \node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 324 | \node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 325 | \node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 326 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};
 | |
| 327 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 328 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 329 | \path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 330 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 331 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | |
| 332 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 333 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 334 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 335 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);
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changeset | 336 | \end{tikzpicture}
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changeset | 337 | \end{center}
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changeset | 338 | |
| 573 | 339 | \mbox{}\\[-14mm]
 | 
| 340 | \only<1>{
 | |
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changeset | 341 | \begin{itemize}
 | 
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changeset | 342 | \item the start state can be an accepting state | 
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changeset | 343 | \item it is possible that there is no accepting state | 
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changeset | 344 | \item all states might be accepting (but this does not necessarily mean all strings are accepted) | 
| 573 | 345 | \end{itemize}}
 | 
| 346 | \only<2>{
 | |
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changeset | 347 | for this automaton \bl{$\delta$} is the function\\
 | 
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changeset | 348 | |
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changeset | 349 | \begin{center}
 | 
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changeset | 350 | \begin{tabular}{lll}
 | 
| 515 | 351 |   \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_0, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_4$}
 | 
| 352 |   & \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_4, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_4$}\\
 | |
| 353 |   \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_0, b) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, b) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_2$} &
 | |
| 354 |   \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_4, b) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_4$}\\
 | |
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changeset | 355 | \end{tabular}\ldots
 | 
| 573 | 356 | \end{center}  
 | 
| 357 | } | |
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changeset | 358 | |
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changeset | 359 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 360 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 361 | |
| 573 | 362 | |
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changeset | 363 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 364 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
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changeset | 365 | \frametitle{Accepting a String}
 | 
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changeset | 366 | |
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changeset | 367 | Given | 
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changeset | 368 | |
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changeset | 369 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 574 | 370 | \bl{$A(\varSigma, \mbox{Qs}, \mbox{Q}_0, F, \delta)$}
 | 
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changeset | 371 | \end{center}
 | 
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changeset | 372 | |
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changeset | 373 | you can define | 
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changeset | 374 | |
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changeset | 375 | \begin{center}
 | 
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changeset | 376 | \begin{tabular}{l}
 | 
| 778 | 377 | \bl{$\widehat{\delta}(Q, []) \dn Q$}\\
 | 
| 378 | \bl{$\widehat{\delta}(Q, c::s) \dn \widehat{\delta}(\delta(Q, c), s)$}\\
 | |
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changeset | 379 | \end{tabular}
 | 
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changeset | 380 | \end{center}\pause
 | 
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changeset | 381 | |
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changeset | 382 | Whether a string \bl{$s$} is accepted by \bl{$A$}?
 | 
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changeset | 383 | |
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changeset | 384 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 517 | 385 | \hspace{5mm}\bl{$\widehat{\delta}(\mbox{Q}_0, s) \in F$}
 | 
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changeset | 386 | \end{center}
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changeset | 387 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 388 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 389 | |
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changeset | 390 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 391 | \begin{frame}[c]
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changeset | 392 | \frametitle{Regular Languages}
 | 
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changeset | 393 | |
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changeset | 394 | A \alert{\bf language} is a set of strings.\bigskip
 | 
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changeset | 395 | |
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changeset | 396 | A \alert{\bf regular expression} specifies a language.\bigskip
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changeset | 397 | |
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changeset | 398 | A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists
 | 
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changeset | 399 | a regular expression that recognises all its strings.\bigskip\bigskip\pause | 
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changeset | 400 | |
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changeset | 401 | not all languages are regular, e.g.~\bl{$a^nb^n$} is not
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changeset | 402 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 403 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 404 | |
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changeset | 405 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 406 | \begin{frame}[c]
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changeset | 407 | \frametitle{Regular Languages (2)}
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changeset | 408 | |
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changeset | 409 | A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a regular
 | 
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changeset | 410 | expression that recognises all its strings.\bigskip\medskip | 
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changeset | 411 | |
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changeset | 412 | or {\bf equivalently}\bigskip\medskip
 | 
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changeset | 413 | |
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changeset | 414 | A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a
 | 
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changeset | 415 | deterministic finite automaton that recognises all its | 
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changeset | 416 | strings. | 
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changeset | 417 | |
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changeset | 418 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 419 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 420 | |
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changeset | 421 | |
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changeset | 422 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 423 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
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changeset | 424 | \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}
 | 
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changeset | 425 | Non-Deterministic\\[-1mm] | 
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changeset | 426 |               Finite Automata\end{tabular}}
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changeset | 427 | |
| 779 | 428 | \bl{$N(\varSigma, \mbox{Qs}, \mbox{Qs}_0, F, \rho)$}\\
 | 
| 429 | A non-deterministic finite automaton (NFA) consists of: | |
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changeset | 430 | |
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changeset | 431 | \begin{itemize}
 | 
| 779 | 432 | \item a finite set of states, \bl{$Qs$}
 | 
| 433 | \item \underline{some} these states are the start states, \bl{$Qs_0$}
 | |
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changeset | 434 | \item some states are accepting states, and | 
| 779 | 435 | \item there is transition \alert{relation}, \bl{$\rho$}\medskip 
 | 
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changeset | 436 | \end{itemize}
 | 
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changeset | 437 | |
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changeset | 438 | |
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changeset | 439 | \begin{center}
 | 
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changeset | 440 | \begin{tabular}{c}
 | 
| 515 | 441 | \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
 | 
| 442 | \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_3$}\\
 | |
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changeset | 443 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 515 | 444 | \bl{\ldots}
 | 
| 445 | \hspace{10mm}\pause
 | |
| 446 | \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \{\mbox{Q}_2, \mbox{Q}_3\}$}
 | |
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changeset | 447 | \end{center}
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changeset | 448 | |
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changeset | 449 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 450 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 451 | |
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changeset | 452 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 453 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 515 | 454 | \frametitle{An NFA Example}
 | 
| 455 | ||
| 456 | % A NFA for (ab* + b)*a | |
| 457 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 458 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick, auto,
 | |
| 459 |     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=3pt,
 | |
| 460 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},scale=2] | |
| 461 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | |
| 462 | \node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 463 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 464 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 465 | \path[<-] (Q_0) edge node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 466 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 467 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [bend right] node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 468 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a,b$}} ();
 | |
| 469 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node  [above] {\alert{$a$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 470 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 471 | \end{center}
 | |
| 472 | ||
| 473 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 474 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 475 | ||
| 476 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 477 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 574 | 478 | \frametitle{Another Example}
 | 
| 479 | ||
| 480 | For the regular expression \bl{$(.^*)a\,(.^{\{n\}})bc$}\bigskip\bigskip
 | |
| 481 | ||
| 482 | % \begin{center}
 | |
| 650 | 483 | \mbox{}\hspace{-11.5mm}
 | 
| 574 | 484 | 	\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick, auto,
 | 
| 485 | 	every state/.style={minimum size=5pt,inner sep=1pt,
 | |
| 486 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},scale=1, node distance=5mm, | |
| 487 | 	decoration={brace,mirror,amplitude=7}]
 | |
| 488 | 	\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\;0\;$};
 | |
| 489 | 	\node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\;1\;$};
 | |
| 490 | 	\node[state] (Q_2) [right=of Q_1] {$\;2\;$};
 | |
| 491 | 	\node (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\hspace{-1mm}\ldots\hspace{-3mm}$};
 | |
| 492 | 	\node[state] (Q_4) [right=of Q_3] {$\;\phantom{1}\;$};
 | |
| 493 | 	\node (Q_5) [right=of Q_4] {$\hspace{-1mm}\ldots\hspace{-3mm}$};
 | |
| 494 | 	\node[state] (Q_6) [right=of Q_5] {\tiny$n+1$};
 | |
| 495 | 	\node[state] (Q_7) [right=of Q_6] {\tiny$n+2$};
 | |
| 496 | 	\node[state,accepting] (Q_8) [right=of Q_7] {\tiny$n+3$};
 | |
| 497 | ||
| 498 | 	\path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop above] node {$*$} ();
 | |
| 499 | 	\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above] {$a$} (Q_1);
 | |
| 500 | 	\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above] {$*$} (Q_2);
 | |
| 501 | 	\path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above] {$*$} (Q_3);
 | |
| 502 | 	\path[->] (Q_4) edge node [above] {$*$} (Q_5);
 | |
| 503 | 	\path[->] (Q_5) edge node [above] {$*$} (Q_6);
 | |
| 504 | 	\path[->] (Q_6) edge node [above] {$b$} (Q_7);
 | |
| 505 | 	\path[->] (Q_7) edge node [above] {$c$} (Q_8);
 | |
| 506 | ||
| 507 | 	\draw [decorate] ([yshift=-5mm]Q_1.east) --node[below=3mm]{$n$} ([yshift=-5mm]Q_6.west);
 | |
| 508 | 	\end{tikzpicture}\bigskip
 | |
| 509 | ||
| 510 | ||
| 511 | {\small Note the star-transitions: accept any character.}
 | |
| 512 | ||
| 513 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 514 | ||
| 515 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 516 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 515 | 517 | \frametitle{Two Epsilon NFA Examples}
 | 
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changeset | 518 | |
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changeset | 519 | \small | 
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changeset | 520 | \begin{center}
 | 
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changeset | 521 | \begin{tabular}[t]{c@{\hspace{9mm}}c}
 | 
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changeset | 522 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
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changeset | 523 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
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changeset | 524 | \node[state,initial]  (q_0)  {$q_0$};
 | 
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changeset | 525 | \node[state] (q_1) [above=of q_0] {$q_1$};
 | 
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changeset | 526 | \node[state, accepting] (q_2) [below=of q_0] {$q_2$};
 | 
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changeset | 527 | \path[->] (q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (q_1);
 | 
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changeset | 528 | \path[->] (q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (q_2);
 | 
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changeset | 529 | \path[->] (q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
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changeset | 530 | \path[->] (q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
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changeset | 531 | \path[->] (q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
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changeset | 532 | \end{tikzpicture} &
 | 
| 
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changeset | 533 | |
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changeset | 534 | \raisebox{20mm}{
 | 
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changeset | 535 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
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changeset | 536 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
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changeset | 537 | \node[state,initial]  (r_1)  {$r_1$};
 | 
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changeset | 538 | \node[state] (r_2) [above=of r_1] {$r_2$};
 | 
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changeset | 539 | \node[state, accepting] (r_3) [right=of r_1] {$r_3$};
 | 
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changeset | 540 | \path[->] (r_1) edge node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (r_3);
 | 
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changeset | 541 | \path[->] (r_2) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (r_3);
 | 
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changeset | 542 | \path[->] (r_1) edge [bend left] node  [left] {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (r_2);
 | 
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changeset | 543 | \path[->] (r_2) edge [bend left] node  [right] {\alert{$a$}} (r_1);
 | 
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changeset | 544 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
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changeset | 545 | \end{tabular}
 | 
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changeset | 546 | \end{center}
 | 
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changeset | 547 | |
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changeset | 548 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 549 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 550 | |
| 515 | 551 | |
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changeset | 552 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 553 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 779 | 554 | \frametitle{Thompson: Rexp to $\epsilon$NFA}
 | 
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changeset | 555 | |
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changeset | 556 | \begin{center}
 | 
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changeset | 557 | \begin{tabular}[t]{l@{\hspace{10mm}}l}
 | 
| 445 | 558 | \raisebox{1mm}{\bl{$\ZERO$}} & 
 | 
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changeset | 559 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick, every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 560 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 561 | \end{tikzpicture}\\\\
 | 
| 445 | 562 | \raisebox{1mm}{\bl{$\ONE$}} & 
 | 
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changeset | 563 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick, every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 564 | \node[state, initial, accepting]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 565 | \end{tikzpicture}\\\\
 | 
| 651 | 566 | \raisebox{5mm}{\bl{$c$}} & 
 | 
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changeset | 567 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick, every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 568 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 569 | \node[state, accepting]  (Q_1)  [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 570 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [below]  {\alert{$c$}} (Q_1);
 | |
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changeset | 571 | \end{tikzpicture}\\\\
 | 
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changeset | 572 | \end{tabular}
 | 
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changeset | 573 | \end{center}
 | 
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changeset | 574 | |
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changeset | 575 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 576 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 577 | |
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changeset | 578 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 579 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
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changeset | 580 | \frametitle{Case $r_1\cdot r_2$}
 | 
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changeset | 581 | |
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changeset | 582 | \mbox{}\bigskip
 | 
| 515 | 583 | \onslide<1->{By recursion we are given two automata:\bigskip}
 | 
| 137 
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changeset | 584 | |
| 515 | 585 | {\centering%
 | 
| 586 | \only<1>{%
 | |
| 587 | \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 588 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 589 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}]
 | |
| 590 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 591 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_01) [below=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
| 592 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_02) [above=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
| 593 | \node (R_1)  [right=of Q_0] {$\ldots$};
 | |
| 594 | \node[state, accepting]  (T_1)  [right=of R_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 595 | \node[state, accepting]  (T_2)  [above=of T_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 596 | \node[state, accepting]  (T_3)  [below=of T_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 597 | ||
| 598 | \node (A_0)  [right=2.5cm of T_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 599 | \node[state, initial]  (A_01)  [above=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 600 | \node[state, initial]  (A_02)  [below=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 601 | ||
| 602 | \node (b_1)  [right=of A_0] {$\ldots$};
 | |
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changeset | 603 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_1)  [right=of b_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 604 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_2)  [above=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 605 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_3)  [below=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 606 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | 
| 515 | 607 | \node (1) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, | 
| 608 |     draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (Q_0) (R_1) (T_1) (T_2) (T_3)] {};
 | |
| 609 | \node (2) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, | |
| 610 |     draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (A_0) (b_1) (c_1) (c_2) (c_3)] {};
 | |
| 611 | \node [yshift=2mm] at (1.north) {$r_1$};
 | |
| 612 | \node [yshift=2mm] at (2.north) {$r_2$};
 | |
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changeset | 613 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | 
| 515 | 614 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 615 | \only<2>{%
 | |
| 616 | \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 617 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 618 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | |
| 619 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 620 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_01) [below=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
| 621 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_02) [above=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
| 622 | \node (r_1)  [right=of Q_0] {$\ldots$};
 | |
| 623 | \node[state]  (t_1)  [right=of r_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 624 | \node[state]  (t_2)  [above=of t_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 625 | \node[state]  (t_3)  [below=of t_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 626 | ||
| 627 | \node  (A_0)  [right=2.5cm of t_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 628 | \node[state]  (A_01)  [above=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 629 | \node[state]  (A_02)  [below=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 630 | ||
| 631 | \node (b_1)  [right=of A_0] {$\ldots$};
 | |
| 632 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_1)  [right=of b_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 633 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_2)  [above=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 634 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_3)  [below=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 635 | \path[->] (t_1) edge (A_01); | |
| 636 | \path[->] (t_2) edge node [above]  {$\epsilon$s} (A_01);
 | |
| 637 | \path[->] (t_3) edge (A_01); | |
| 638 | \path[->] (t_1) edge (A_02); | |
| 639 | \path[->] (t_2) edge (A_02); | |
| 640 | \path[->] (t_3) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$s} (A_02);
 | |
| 641 | ||
| 642 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | |
| 643 | \node (3) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, | |
| 644 |     draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (Q_0) (c_1) (c_2) (c_3)] {};
 | |
| 645 | \node [yshift=2mm] at (3.north) {$r_1\cdot r_2$};
 | |
| 646 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | |
| 647 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | |
| 648 | % | |
| 649 | }\bigskip\bigskip | |
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changeset | 650 | |
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changeset | 651 | \small | 
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changeset | 652 | We need to (1) change the accepting nodes of the first automaton into non-accepting nodes, and (2) connect them | 
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changeset | 653 | via $\epsilon$-transitions to the starting state of the second automaton. | 
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changeset | 654 | |
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changeset | 655 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 656 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 657 | |
| 
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changeset | 658 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 659 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
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changeset | 660 | \frametitle{Case $r_1+ r_2$}
 | 
| 515 | 661 | \mbox{}\\[-8mm]
 | 
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changeset | 662 | |
| 515 | 663 | \onslide<1->{By recursion we are given two automata:\smallskip}
 | 
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changeset | 664 | |
| 515 | 665 | \hspace{2cm}
 | 
| 666 | \only<1>{%
 | |
| 667 |   \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 668 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 669 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
 | |
| 670 | baseline=(current bounding box.center)] | |
| 671 | \node at (0,0)  (1)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 672 | \node  (2)  [above=14mm of 1] {};
 | |
| 673 | \node[state, initial]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 674 | \node[state, initial]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 675 | \node[state, initial]  (3)  [below=10mm of 1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
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changeset | 676 | |
| 515 | 677 | \node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots\,$};
 | 
| 678 | \node  (a1)  [right=of a] {$$};
 | |
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changeset | 679 | \node[state, accepting]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 680 | \node[state, accepting]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 681 | |
| 
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changeset | 682 | \node (b)  [right=of 3] {$\ldots$};
 | 
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changeset | 683 | \node[state, accepting]  (b1)  [right=of b] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 684 | \node[state, accepting]  (b2)  [above=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 685 | \node[state, accepting]  (b3)  [below=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 686 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | 
| 515 | 687 | \node (1) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (2) (a1) (a2) (a3)] {};
 | 
| 688 | \node (2) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (3) (b1) (b2) (b3)] {};
 | |
| 689 | \node [yshift=3mm] at (1.north) {$r_1$};
 | |
| 690 | \node [yshift=3mm] at (2.north) {$r_2$};
 | |
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changeset | 691 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | 
| 515 | 692 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 693 | \only<2>{%
 | |
| 694 | \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 695 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 696 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
 | |
| 697 | baseline=(current bounding box.center)] | |
| 698 | \node at (0,0) (1)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 699 | \node (2)  [above=14mm of 1] {$$};
 | |
| 700 | \node[state, initial]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 701 | \node[state, initial]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 702 | \node[state, initial]  (3)  [below=10mm of 1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 703 | ||
| 704 | \node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots\,$};
 | |
| 705 | \node (a1)  [right=of a] {$$};
 | |
| 706 | \node[state, accepting]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 707 | \node[state, accepting]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 708 | ||
| 709 | \node (b)  [right=of 3] {$\ldots$};
 | |
| 710 | \node[state, accepting]  (b1)  [right=of b] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 711 | \node[state, accepting]  (b2)  [above=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 712 | \node[state, accepting]  (b3)  [below=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 713 | ||
| 714 | %\path[->] (1) edge node [above]  {$\epsilon$} (2);
 | |
| 715 | %\path[->] (1) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (3);
 | |
| 716 | ||
| 717 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | |
| 718 | \node (3) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (1) (a2) (a3) (b2) (b3)] {};
 | |
| 719 | \node [yshift=3mm] at (3.north) {$r_1+ r_2$};
 | |
| 720 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | |
| 721 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | |
| 722 | % | |
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changeset | 723 | |
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changeset | 724 | \small | 
| 515 | 725 | \mbox{}\\\medskip
 | 
| 517 | 726 | We can just put both automata together. | 
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changeset | 727 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 728 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 729 | |
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changeset | 730 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 731 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
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changeset | 732 | \frametitle{Case $r^*$}
 | 
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changeset | 733 | |
| 515 | 734 | \onslide<1->{By recursion we are given an automaton for $r$:\smallskip}
 | 
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changeset | 735 | |
| 515 | 736 | \hspace{2cm}
 | 
| 737 | \only<1>{\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 738 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 739 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
 | |
| 740 | baseline=(current bounding box.north)] | |
| 741 | \node (2)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 742 | \node[state, initial]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 743 | \node[state, initial]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
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changeset | 744 | \node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots$};
 | 
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changeset | 745 | \node[state, accepting]  (a1)  [right=of a] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 746 | \node[state, accepting]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 515 | 747 | \node[state, accepting]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 748 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | |
| 749 | \node (1) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (2) (a1) (a2) (a3)] {};
 | |
| 750 | \node [yshift=3mm] at (1.north) {$r$};
 | |
| 751 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | |
| 752 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | |
| 753 | \only<2->{\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 754 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 755 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
 | |
| 756 | baseline=(current bounding box.north)] | |
| 757 | \node at (0,0) [state, initial,accepting]  (1)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 758 | \node (2)  [right=16mm of 1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 759 | \node[state]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 760 | \node[state]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
| 761 | \node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots$};
 | |
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changeset | 762 | \node[state]  (a1)  [right=of a] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 763 | \node[state]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 515 | 764 | \node[state]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 765 | \path[->] (1) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (4);
 | |
| 766 | \path[->] (1) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (5);
 | |
| 767 | \path[->] (a1) edge [bend left=45] node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (1);
 | |
| 768 | \path[->] (a2) edge [bend right] node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (1);
 | |
| 769 | \path[->] (a3) edge [bend left=45] node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (1);
 | |
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changeset | 770 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | 
| 515 | 771 | \node (2) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (1) (a2) (a3)] {};
 | 
| 772 | \node [yshift=3mm] at (2.north) {$r^*$};
 | |
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changeset | 773 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | 
| 515 | 774 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 775 | \bigskip | |
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changeset | 776 | |
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changeset | 777 | \onslide<3->{
 | 
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changeset | 778 | Why can't we just have an epsilon transition from the accepting states to the starting state?} | 
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changeset | 779 | |
| 346 
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changeset | 780 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 781 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 782 | |
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changeset | 783 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 784 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 779 | 785 | \frametitle{\mbox{NFA Breadth-First: \boldmath{}$a^{?\{n\}}\!\cdot\! a^{\{n\}}$}}
 | 
| 786 | ||
| 787 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 788 |   \begin{axis}[xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
 | |
| 789 |     ylabel={time in secs},
 | |
| 790 | enlargelimits=false, | |
| 791 |     xtick={0,5,...,30},
 | |
| 792 | xmax=30, | |
| 793 | ymax=35, | |
| 794 |     ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | |
| 795 | scaled ticks=false, | |
| 796 | axis lines=left, | |
| 797 | width=9cm, | |
| 798 | height=6cm, | |
| 799 |     legend entries={Python,Ruby,my NFA},
 | |
| 800 | legend pos=outer north east, | |
| 801 | legend cell align=left] | |
| 802 | \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python.data};
 | |
| 803 | \addplot[brown,mark=pentagon*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-ruby.data};  
 | |
| 804 | \addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfabreadth.data};	
 | |
| 805 | \end{axis}
 | |
| 806 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 807 | ||
| 808 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 809 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 810 | ||
| 811 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 812 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 813 |   \frametitle{NFA Breadth-First:\boldmath{}$(a^*)^* \cdot b$}
 | |
| 814 | ||
| 815 | \bigskip | |
| 816 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 817 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 818 |   \begin{axis}[
 | |
| 819 |     xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
 | |
| 820 |     %%x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
 | |
| 821 |     ylabel={time in secs},
 | |
| 822 | enlargelimits=false, | |
| 823 |     xtick={0,10,...,100},
 | |
| 824 | xmax=103, | |
| 825 | ymax=35, | |
| 826 |     ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | |
| 827 | scaled ticks=false, | |
| 828 | axis lines=left, | |
| 829 | width=9cm, | |
| 830 | height=6cm, | |
| 831 |     legend entries={Java 8,Python,JavaScript,Swift,Dart,my NFA},  
 | |
| 832 | legend pos=outer north east, | |
| 833 | legend cell align=left] | |
| 834 | \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
 | |
| 835 | \addplot[cyan,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-java.data};
 | |
| 836 | \addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-js.data};
 | |
| 837 | \addplot[magenta,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-swift.data};
 | |
| 838 | \addplot[brown,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-dart.data};
 | |
| 839 | ||
| 840 | \addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfabreadth2.data};	
 | |
| 841 | \end{axis}
 | |
| 842 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 843 | \end{center}
 | |
| 844 | ||
| 845 | ||
| 846 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 847 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 848 | ||
| 849 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 850 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 851 | \frametitle{NFA Depth-First: \boldmath$a^{?\{n\}} \cdot a^{\{n\}}$}
 | |
| 852 | ||
| 853 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 854 |   \begin{axis}[xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
 | |
| 855 |     ylabel={time in secs},
 | |
| 856 | enlargelimits=false, | |
| 857 |     xtick={0,5,...,30},
 | |
| 858 | xmax=30, | |
| 859 | ymax=35, | |
| 860 |     ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | |
| 861 | scaled ticks=false, | |
| 862 | axis lines=left, | |
| 863 | width=9cm, | |
| 864 | height=6cm, | |
| 865 |     legend entries={Python,Ruby,my NFA},
 | |
| 866 | legend pos=outer north east, | |
| 867 | legend cell align=left] | |
| 868 | \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python.data};
 | |
| 869 | \addplot[brown,mark=pentagon*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-ruby.data};  
 | |
| 870 | \addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfadepth.data};	
 | |
| 871 | \end{axis}
 | |
| 872 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 873 | ||
| 874 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 875 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 876 | ||
| 877 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 878 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 879 |   \frametitle{NFA Depth-First: \boldmath$(a^*)^* \cdot b$}
 | |
| 880 | ||
| 881 | \bigskip | |
| 882 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 883 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 884 |   \begin{axis}[
 | |
| 885 |     xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
 | |
| 886 |     %%x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
 | |
| 887 |     ylabel={time in secs},
 | |
| 888 | enlargelimits=false, | |
| 889 |     xtick={0,15,...,30},
 | |
| 890 | xmax=33, | |
| 891 | ymax=35, | |
| 892 |     ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | |
| 893 | scaled ticks=false, | |
| 894 | axis lines=left, | |
| 895 | width=9cm, | |
| 896 | height=6cm, | |
| 897 |     legend entries={Java 8,Python,JavaScript,Swift,Dart,my NFA},  
 | |
| 898 | legend pos=outer north east, | |
| 899 | legend cell align=left] | |
| 900 | \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
 | |
| 901 | \addplot[cyan,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-java.data};
 | |
| 902 | \addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-js.data};
 | |
| 903 | \addplot[magenta,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-swift.data};
 | |
| 904 | \addplot[brown,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-dart.data};
 | |
| 905 | ||
| 906 | \addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfadepth2.data};	
 | |
| 907 | \end{axis}
 | |
| 908 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 909 | \end{center}
 | |
| 910 | ||
| 911 | The punchline is that many existing libraries do depth-first search | |
| 912 | in NFAs (with backtracking). | |
| 913 | ||
| 914 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 915 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 916 | ||
| 782 | 917 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 918 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 919 | \frametitle{Subset Construction}
 | |
| 920 | ||
| 921 | ||
| 922 | \begin{textblock}{5}(1,3.5)
 | |
| 923 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 924 | \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=6mm,scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | |
| 925 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | |
| 926 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | |
| 927 | \node[state] (Q_1) [below=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 928 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [below=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 929 | ||
| 930 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$1$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 931 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [left]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 932 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$0,1$}} ();
 | |
| 933 | %\path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | |
| 934 | %\path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 935 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 936 | \end{center}
 | |
| 937 | \end{textblock}
 | |
| 938 | ||
| 939 | \begin{textblock}{11}(6.5,4)
 | |
| 940 | \begin{tabular}{r|cl}
 | |
| 941 | nodes \textcolor{white}{*} & $0$ & $1$\\
 | |
| 942 | \hline | |
| 943 | $\{\}$  \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<2->{$\{\}$} & \onslide<2->{$\{\}$}\\
 | |
| 944 | \onslide<5->{s:} $\{0\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{0\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{0,1\}$}\\
 | |
| 945 | $\{1\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{2\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | |
| 946 | $\{2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{\}$}\\
 | |
| 947 | $\{0,1\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} &\onslide<4->{$\{0,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$}\\
 | |
| 948 | $\{0,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} &\onslide<4->{$\{0\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{0,1\}$}\\
 | |
| 949 | $\{1,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | |
| 950 | $\{0,1,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*}& \onslide<4->{$\{0,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$}\\
 | |
| 951 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 952 | \end{textblock}
 | |
| 953 | ||
| 954 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 955 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 779 | 956 | |
| 782 | 957 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 958 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 959 | \frametitle{The Result}
 | |
| 960 | ||
| 961 | \footnotesize | |
| 962 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 963 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5,>=stealth',very thick,
 | |
| 964 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | |
| 965 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}, | |
| 966 | baseline=0mm] | |
| 967 | \node[state,initial]  (q0)  {$\{0\}$};
 | |
| 968 | \node[state] (q01) [right=of q0] {$\{0,1\}$};
 | |
| 969 | \node[state,accepting] (q12) [above=of q01] {$\{1,2\}$};
 | |
| 970 | \node[state,accepting] (q02) [below=of q01] {$\{0,2\}$};
 | |
| 971 | \node[state] (q1) [right=2cm of q12] {$\{1\}$};
 | |
| 972 | \node[state,accepting] (q2) [right=2.5cm of q01] {$\{2\}$};
 | |
| 973 | \node[state,accepting] (q012) [right=1.5cm of q02] {$\{0,1,2\}$};
 | |
| 974 | \node[state] (Qn) [right=of q2] {$\{\}$};
 | |
| 975 | ||
| 976 | \path[->] (q0) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$0$}} ();
 | |
| 977 | \path[->] (q0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$1$}} (q01);
 | |
| 978 | \path[->] (q02) edge [bend left] node [left]  {\alert{$1$}} (q01);
 | |
| 979 | \path[->] (q02) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0$}} (q0);
 | |
| 980 | \path[->] (q01) edge node [above]  {\alert{$1$}} (q012);
 | |
| 981 | \path[->] (q01) edge [bend left] node [right]  {\alert{$0$}} (q02);
 | |
| 982 | \path[->] (q12) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (q2);
 | |
| 983 | \path[->] (q1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (q2);
 | |
| 984 | \path[->] (q2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (Qn);
 | |
| 985 | \path[->] (q012) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$1$}} ();
 | |
| 986 | \path[->] (q012) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0$}} (q02);
 | |
| 987 | \path[->] (Qn) edge [loop above] node  {$\alert{0},\alert{1}$} ();
 | |
| 988 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 989 | \end{center}
 | |
| 990 | ||
| 991 | ||
| 992 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 993 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 994 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 995 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 996 | \frametitle{Removing Dead States}
 | |
| 997 | ||
| 998 | \footnotesize | |
| 999 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 1000 | \begin{tabular}{ll}
 | |
| 1001 | \large DFA: & \large (original) NFA:\\ | |
| 1002 | \raisebox{0mm}{%
 | |
| 1003 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | |
| 1004 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | |
| 1005 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}] | |
| 1006 | \node[state,initial]  (q0)  {$\{0\}$};
 | |
| 1007 | \node[state] (q01) [right=of q0] {$\{0,1\}$};
 | |
| 1008 | \node[state,accepting] (q02) [below=of q01] {$\{0,2\}$};
 | |
| 1009 | \node[state,accepting] (q012) [right=1.5cm of q02] {$\{0,1,2\}$};
 | |
| 1010 | ||
| 1011 | \path[->] (q0) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$0$}} ();
 | |
| 1012 | \path[->] (q0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$1$}} (q01);
 | |
| 1013 | \path[->] (q02) edge [bend left] node [left]  {\alert{$1$}} (q01);
 | |
| 1014 | \path[->] (q02) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0$}} (q0);
 | |
| 1015 | \path[->] (q01) edge node [above]  {\alert{$1$}} (q012);
 | |
| 1016 | \path[->] (q01) edge [bend left] node [right]  {\alert{$0$}} (q02);
 | |
| 1017 | \path[->] (q012) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$1$}} ();
 | |
| 1018 | \path[->] (q012) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0$}} (q02);
 | |
| 1019 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | |
| 1020 | & | |
| 1021 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | |
| 1022 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | |
| 1023 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},] | |
| 1024 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | |
| 1025 | \node[state] (Q_1) [below=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 1026 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [below=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 1027 | ||
| 1028 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$1$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 1029 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [left]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1030 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$0,1$}} ();                    
 | |
| 1031 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1032 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1033 | \end{center}
 | |
| 1034 | ||
| 1035 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1036 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 779 | 1037 | |
| 1038 | ||
| 1039 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1040 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 782 | 1041 | \frametitle{Subset Construction ($\epsilon$NFA)}
 | 
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changeset | 1042 | |
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changeset | 1043 | |
| 662 | 1044 | \begin{textblock}{5}(1,1.5)
 | 
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changeset | 1045 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 515 | 1046 | \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=6mm,scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
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changeset | 1047 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1048 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
| 1049 | \node[state] (Q_1) [above=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 1050 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [below=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 1051 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 1052 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1053 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | |
| 1054 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | |
| 1055 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
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135diff
changeset | 1056 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
cc19e6cbcb68
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
135diff
changeset | 1057 | \end{center}
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1058 | \end{textblock}
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1059 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1060 | \begin{textblock}{11}(6.5,4.5)
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1061 | \begin{tabular}{r|cl}
 | 
| 139 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 1062 | nodes \textcolor{white}{*} & $a$ & $b$\\
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1063 | \hline | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1064 | $\{\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<2->{$\{\}$} & \onslide<2->{$\{\}$}\\
 | 
| 139 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 1065 | $\{0\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1066 | $\{1\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{1\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{\}$}\\
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1067 | $\{2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 139 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 1068 | $\{0,1\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} &\onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 1069 | $\{0,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} &\onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 1070 | $\{1,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} & \onslide<4->{$\{1\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 1071 | \onslide<5->{s:} $\{0,1,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*}& \onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1072 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1073 | \end{textblock}
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1074 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1075 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1076 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1077 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1078 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1079 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1080 | \frametitle{The Result}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1081 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1082 | \footnotesize | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1083 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1084 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1085 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1086 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}, | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1087 | baseline=0mm] | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1088 | \node[state,initial,accepting]  (q012)  {$\{0,1,2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1089 | \node[state,accepting] (q02) [right=of q012] {$\{0,2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1090 | \node[state] (q01) [above=of q02] {$\{0,1\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1091 | \node[state,accepting] (q12) [below=of q02] {$\{1,2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1092 | \node[state] (q0) [right=2cm of q01] {$\{0\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1093 | \node[state] (q1) [right=2.5cm of q02] {$\{1\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1094 | \node[state,accepting] (q2) [right=1.5cm of q12] {$\{2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1095 | \node[state] (qn) [right=of q1] {$\{\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1096 | |
| 348 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1097 | \path[->] (q012) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1098 | \path[->] (q012) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1099 | \path[->] (q12) edge [bend left] node [below,pos=0.4]  {\alert{$a$}} (q1);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1100 | \path[->] (q12) edge node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1101 | \path[->] (q02) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q012);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1102 | \path[->] (q02) edge [bend left] node [above, pos=0.8]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1103 | \path[->] (q01) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (q012);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1104 | \path[->] (q01) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1105 | \path[->] (q0) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (q012);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1106 | \path[->] (q0) edge node [right, pos=0.2]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1107 | \path[->] (q1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1108 | \path[->] (q1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (qn);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1109 | \path[->] (q2) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1110 | \path[->] (q2) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (qn);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1111 | \path[->] (qn) edge [loop above] node  {$\alert{a},\alert{b}$} ();
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1112 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1113 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1114 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1115 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1116 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1117 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1118 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1119 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1120 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1121 | \frametitle{Removing Dead States}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1122 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1123 | \footnotesize | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1124 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1125 | \begin{tabular}{ll}
 | 
| 445 | 1126 | DFA: & (original) NFA:\\ | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1127 | \raisebox{10mm}{%
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1128 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1129 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1130 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}] | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1131 | \node[state,initial,accepting]  (q012)  {$\{0,1,2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1132 | \node[state,accepting] (q2) [right=of q012] {$\{2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1133 | \node[state] (qn) [right=of q2] {$\{\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1134 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1135 | \path[->] (q012) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1136 | \path[->] (q012) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1137 | \path[->] (q2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1138 | \path[->] (q2) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (qn);
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1139 | \path[->] (qn) edge [loop above] node | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1140 |    {$\alert{a},\alert{b}$} ();
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1141 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1142 | & | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1143 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1144 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1145 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},] | 
| 515 | 1146 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
| 1147 | \node[state] (Q_1) [above=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 1148 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [below=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 1149 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 1150 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1151 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | |
| 1152 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | |
| 1153 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1154 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1155 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1156 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1157 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1158 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1159 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1160 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1161 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1162 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1163 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1164 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1165 | \frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1166 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1167 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1168 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1169 | \node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1170 | \node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1171 | \node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1172 | \onslide<2->{\node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1173 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1174 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1175 | \onslide<2->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=9mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1176 | \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1177 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1178 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1179 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1180 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1181 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1182 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1183 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1184 | \frametitle{DFA Minimisation}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1185 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1186 | \begin{enumerate}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1187 | \item Take all pairs \bl{$(q, p)$} with \bl{$q \not= p$}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1188 | \item Mark all pairs that accepting and non-accepting states | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1189 | \item For  all unmarked pairs \bl{$(q, p)$} and all characters \bl{$c$} test whether
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1190 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1191 | \bl{$(\delta(q, c), \delta(p,c))$}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1192 | \end{center} 
 | 
| 348 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1193 | are marked. If yes in at least one case, then also mark \bl{$(q, p)$}.
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1194 | \item Repeat last step until no change. | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1195 | \item All unmarked pairs can be merged. | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1196 | \end{enumerate}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1197 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1198 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1199 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1200 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1201 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1202 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1203 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1204 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1205 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1206 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1207 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
| 1208 | \node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 1209 | \node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 1210 | \node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 1211 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};
 | |
| 1212 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 1213 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1214 | \path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 1215 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1216 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | |
| 1217 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1218 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1219 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1220 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1221 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1222 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1223 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1224 | \mbox{}\\[-20mm]\mbox{}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1225 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1226 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1227 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8,line width=0.8mm]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1228 | \draw (0,0) -- (4,0); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1229 | \draw (0,1) -- (4,1); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1230 | \draw (0,2) -- (3,2); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1231 | \draw (0,3) -- (2,3); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1232 | \draw (0,4) -- (1,4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1233 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1234 | \draw (0,0) -- (0, 4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1235 | \draw (1,0) -- (1, 4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1236 | \draw (2,0) -- (2, 3); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1237 | \draw (3,0) -- (3, 2); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1238 | \draw (4,0) -- (4, 1); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1239 | |
| 515 | 1240 | \draw (0.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_0$}; 
 | 
| 1241 | \draw (1.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
 | |
| 1242 | \draw (2.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
 | |
| 1243 | \draw (3.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1244 | |
| 515 | 1245 | \draw (-0.5, 3.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
 | 
| 1246 | \draw (-0.5, 2.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
 | |
| 1247 | \draw (-0.5, 1.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$}; 
 | |
| 1248 | \draw (-0.5, 0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_4$}; 
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1249 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1250 | \draw (0.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1251 | \draw (1.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1252 | \draw (2.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1253 | \draw (3.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1254 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1255 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1256 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1257 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1258 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1259 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1260 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1261 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1262 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1263 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1264 | \begin{tabular}{@{\hspace{-8mm}}cc@{}}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1265 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1266 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1267 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
| 1268 | \node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 1269 | \node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 1270 | \node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 1271 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};
 | |
| 1272 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 1273 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1274 | \path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 1275 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1276 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | |
| 1277 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1278 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1279 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1280 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1281 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1282 | & | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1283 | \raisebox{9mm}{\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.6,line width=0.8mm]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1284 | \draw (0,0) -- (4,0); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1285 | \draw (0,1) -- (4,1); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1286 | \draw (0,2) -- (3,2); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1287 | \draw (0,3) -- (2,3); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1288 | \draw (0,4) -- (1,4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1289 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1290 | \draw (0,0) -- (0, 4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1291 | \draw (1,0) -- (1, 4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1292 | \draw (2,0) -- (2, 3); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1293 | \draw (3,0) -- (3, 2); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1294 | \draw (4,0) -- (4, 1); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1295 | |
| 515 | 1296 | \draw (0.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_0$}; 
 | 
| 1297 | \draw (1.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
 | |
| 1298 | \draw (2.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
 | |
| 1299 | \draw (3.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1300 | |
| 515 | 1301 | \draw (-0.5, 3.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
 | 
| 1302 | \draw (-0.5, 2.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
 | |
| 1303 | \draw (-0.5, 1.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$}; 
 | |
| 1304 | \draw (-0.5, 0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_4$}; 
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1305 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1306 | \draw (0.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1307 | \draw (1.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1308 | \draw (2.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1309 | \draw (3.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1310 | \draw (0.5,1.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1311 | \draw (2.5,1.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1312 | \draw (0.5,3.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1313 | \draw (1.5,2.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1314 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1315 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1316 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1317 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1318 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1319 | \mbox{}\\[-20mm]\mbox{}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1320 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1321 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1322 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1323 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1324 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_02)  {$\mbox{Q}_{0, 2}$};
 | 
| 1325 | \node[state] (Q_13) [right=of Q_02] {$\mbox{Q}_{1, 3}$};
 | |
| 1326 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_13] {$\mbox{Q}_{4\phantom{,0}}$};
 | |
| 1327 | \path[->] (Q_02) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_13);
 | |
| 1328 | \path[->] (Q_13) edge [bend left] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_02);
 | |
| 1329 | \path[->] (Q_02) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1330 | \path[->] (Q_13) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1331 | \path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1332 | \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1333 | minimal automaton | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1334 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1335 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1336 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1337 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1338 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1339 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1340 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1341 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1342 | \frametitle{Alternatives}
 | 
| 573 | 1343 | \mbox{}\\[-14mm]\mbox{}
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1344 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1345 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1346 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1347 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1348 | inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}] | 
| 515 | 1349 | \only<1>{\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | 
| 1350 | \only<2->{\node[state,accepting]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | |
| 1351 | \node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 1352 | \node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 1353 | \node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 1354 | \only<1>{\node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};}
 | |
| 1355 | \only<2->{\node[state, initial right] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};}
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1356 | \only<1-2>{
 | 
| 515 | 1357 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | 
| 1358 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1359 | \path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 1360 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1361 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | |
| 1362 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1363 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1364 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1365 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);}
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1366 | \only<3->{
 | 
| 515 | 1367 | \path[<-] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | 
| 1368 | \path[<-] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1369 | \path[<-] (Q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 1370 | \path[<-] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1371 | \path[<-] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | |
| 1372 | \path[<-] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1373 | \path[<-] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1374 | \path[<-] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1375 | \path[<-] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);}
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1376 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1377 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1378 | \mbox{}\\[-18mm]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1379 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1380 | \small | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1381 | \begin{itemize}
 | 
| 573 | 1382 | \item<1-> exchange initial / accepting states\\[-2mm] | 
| 1383 | \item<2-> reverse all edges\\[-2mm] | |
| 1384 | \item<3-> subset construction $\Rightarrow$ DFA\\[-2mm] | |
| 1385 | \item<4-> remove dead states\\[-2mm] | |
| 1386 | \item<5-> repeat once more | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1387 |           \onslide<6->{$\Rightarrow$ minimal DFA}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1388 | \end{itemize}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1389 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1390 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1391 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1392 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1393 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1394 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1395 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1396 | \frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1397 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1398 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1399 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1400 | \node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1401 | \node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1402 | \node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1403 | \onslide<1->{\node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1404 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1405 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1406 | \onslide<1->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=9mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1407 | \onslide<2->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge [bend left=45] (rexp);}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1408 | \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1409 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1410 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1411 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1412 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1413 | |
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1414 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1415 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1416 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1417 | \begin{frame}<2>[c]
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1418 | \frametitle{DFA to Rexp}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1419 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1420 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1421 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1422 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1423 |   \only<1>{\node[state, initial]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | 
| 1424 |   \only<2->{\node[state, initial,accepting]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | |
| 1425 |   \only<1>{\node[state]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
 | |
| 1426 |   \only<2->{\node[state,accepting]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
 | |
| 1427 |   \only<1>{\node[state, accepting] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
 | |
| 1428 |   \only<2->{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1429 |   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1430 |                   (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1431 |                   (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1432 |                   (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1433 |                   (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1434 |                   (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1435 | ; | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1436 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1437 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1438 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1439 | \onslide<3>{How to get from a DFA to a regular expression?}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1440 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1441 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1442 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1443 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1444 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1445 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1446 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1447 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1448 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1449 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 783 | 1450 |   \only<1->{\node[state, initial,accepting]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | 
| 1451 |   \only<1->{\node[state,accepting]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
 | |
| 515 | 1452 |   \only<1->{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1453 |   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1454 |                   (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1455 |                   (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1456 |                   (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1457 |                   (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1458 |                   (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1459 | ; | 
| 139 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 1460 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1461 | \end{center}\pause\bigskip
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1462 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1463 | \onslide<2->{
 | 
| 445 | 1464 | You know how to solve since school days, no? | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1465 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1466 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l}
 | 
| 515 | 1467 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$2\, \mbox{Q}_0 + 3 \,\mbox{Q}_1 +  4\, \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
 | 
| 1468 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$2 \,\mbox{Q}_0 + 3\, \mbox{Q}_1 + 1\, \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
 | |
| 1469 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$1\, \mbox{Q}_0 + 5\, \mbox{Q}_1 + 2\, \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1470 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1471 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1472 | \end{center}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1473 | } | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1474 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1475 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1476 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1477 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1478 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1479 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1480 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1481 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1482 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1483 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1484 |   \only<1->{\node[state, initial]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | 
| 1485 |   \only<1->{\node[state]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
 | |
| 1486 |   \only<1->{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1487 |   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1488 |                   (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1489 |                   (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1490 |                   (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1491 |                   (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1492 |                   (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1493 | ; | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1494 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1495 | \end{center}\bigskip
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1496 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1497 | \onslide<2->{
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1498 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1499 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l}
 | 
| 650 | 1500 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,b + \mbox{Q}_1\,b +  \mbox{Q}_2\,b + \ONE$}\\
 | 
| 515 | 1501 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,a$}\\
 | 
| 1502 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_1\,a + \mbox{Q}_2\,a$}\\
 | |
| 265 
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changeset | 1503 | |
| 
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changeset | 1504 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1505 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1506 | } | 
| 
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changeset | 1507 | |
| 783 | 1508 | |
| 1509 | \only<3-9>{\small
 | |
| 1510 | \begin{textblock}{6}(1,0.8)
 | |
| 1511 | \begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | |
| 1512 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | |
| 1513 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{substitute \bl{$\mbox{Q}_1$} into \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} \& \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$}:}\\    
 | |
| 1514 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,b + \mbox{Q}_0\,a\,b +  \mbox{Q}_2\,b + \ONE$}\\
 | |
| 1515 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,a\,a + \mbox{Q}_2\,a$}
 | |
| 1516 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1517 | \end{bubble}
 | |
| 1518 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 1519 | ||
| 1520 | \only<4-9>{\small
 | |
| 1521 | \begin{textblock}{6}(2,4.15)
 | |
| 1522 | \begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | |
| 1523 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | |
| 1524 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{simplifying \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$}:}\\    
 | |
| 1525 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,(b + a\,b) + \mbox{Q}_2\,b + \ONE$}\\
 | |
| 1526 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,a\,a + \mbox{Q}_2\,a$}
 | |
| 1527 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1528 | \end{bubble}
 | |
| 1529 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 1530 | ||
| 1531 | \only<6-9>{\small
 | |
| 1532 | \begin{textblock}{6}(3,7.55)
 | |
| 1533 | \begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | |
| 1534 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | |
| 1535 |   \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{Arden for \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$}:}\\    
 | |
| 1536 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,(b + a\,b) + \mbox{Q}_2\,b + \ONE$}\\
 | |
| 1537 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,a\,a\,(a^*)$}
 | |
| 1538 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1539 | \end{bubble}
 | |
| 1540 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 1541 | ||
| 1542 | \only<7-9>{\small
 | |
| 1543 | \begin{textblock}{6}(4,10.9)
 | |
| 1544 | \begin{bubble}[7.5cm]
 | |
| 1545 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | |
| 1546 |   \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{Substitute \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} and simplify:}\\    
 | |
| 1547 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b) + \ONE$}\\
 | |
| 1548 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1549 | \end{bubble}
 | |
| 1550 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 1551 | ||
| 1552 | \only<8-9>{\small
 | |
| 1553 | \begin{textblock}{6}(5,13.4)
 | |
| 1554 | \begin{bubble}[7.5cm]
 | |
| 1555 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | |
| 1556 |   \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{Arden again for \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$}:}\\    
 | |
| 1557 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b)^*$}\\
 | |
| 1558 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1559 | \end{bubble}
 | |
| 1560 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 1561 | ||
| 1562 | ||
| 1563 | \only<9-10>{\small
 | |
| 1564 | \begin{textblock}{6}(6,11.5)
 | |
| 1565 | \begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | |
| 1566 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | |
| 1567 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{Finally:}\\    
 | |
| 1568 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b)^*$}\\
 | |
| 1569 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b)^*\,a$}\\
 | |
| 1570 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b)^*\,a\,a\,(a^*)$}\\
 | |
| 1571 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1572 | \end{bubble}
 | |
| 1573 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 1574 | ||
| 1575 | ||
| 1576 | ||
| 1577 | ||
| 1578 | ||
| 1579 | \only<5-6>{
 | |
| 1580 | \begin{textblock}{6}(0.7,11.9)
 | |
| 1581 | \begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | |
| 265 
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changeset | 1582 | Arden's Lemma: | 
| 
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changeset | 1583 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1584 | If \bl{$q = q\,r + s$}\; then\; \bl{$q = s\, r^*$}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1585 | \end{center}
 | 
| 783 | 1586 | \end{bubble}
 | 
| 1587 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 1588 | ||
| 1589 | \only<8>{
 | |
| 1590 | \begin{textblock}{6}(1.1,7.8)
 | |
| 1591 | \begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | |
| 1592 | Arden's Lemma: | |
| 1593 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 1594 | If \bl{$q = q\,r + s$}\; then\; \bl{$q = s\, r^*$}
 | |
| 1595 | \end{center}
 | |
| 1596 | \end{bubble}
 | |
| 1597 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 265 
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changeset | 1598 | |
| 346 
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changeset | 1599 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1600 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 1601 | |
| 
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changeset | 1602 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 1603 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1604 | \frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1605 | |
| 
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changeset | 1606 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1607 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1608 | \node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1609 | \node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1610 | \node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1611 | \onslide<1->{\node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};}
 | 
| 
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265diff
changeset | 1612 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1613 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1614 | \onslide<1->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=9mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1615 | \onslide<1->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge [bend left=45] (rexp);}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1616 | \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1617 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
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265diff
changeset | 1618 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
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265diff
changeset | 1619 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
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changeset | 1620 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 1621 | |
| 941 | 1622 | {
 | 
| 1623 | \setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
 | |
| 1624 | \begin{frame}<1-10>[c]
 | |
| 1625 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1626 | } | |
| 1627 | ||
| 1628 | ||
| 346 
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changeset | 1629 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
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changeset | 1630 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1631 | \frametitle{Regular Languages (3)}
 | 
| 
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265diff
changeset | 1632 | |
| 
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265diff
changeset | 1633 | A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a regular
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
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changeset | 1634 | expression that recognises all its strings.\bigskip\medskip | 
| 
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updated
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265diff
changeset | 1635 | |
| 
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1636 | or {\bf equivalently}\bigskip\medskip
 | 
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1637 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1638 | A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1639 | deterministic finite automaton that recognises all its | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1640 | strings.\bigskip\medskip\pause | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1641 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1642 | Why is every finite set of strings a regular language? | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1643 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 265 
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changeset | 1644 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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215diff
changeset | 1645 | |
| 1010 | 1646 | |
| 1647 | ||
| 265 
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changeset | 1648 | |
| 
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changeset | 1649 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 783 | 1650 | %\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 1651 | % | |
| 1652 | %Given the function | |
| 1653 | % | |
| 1654 | %\begin{center}
 | |
| 1655 | %\bl{\begin{tabular}{r@{\hspace{1mm}}c@{\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | |
| 1656 | %$rev(\ZERO)$ & $\dn$ & $\ZERO$\\ | |
| 1657 | %$rev(\ONE)$ & $\dn$ & $\ONE$\\ | |
| 1658 | %$rev(c)$ & $\dn$ & $c$\\ | |
| 1659 | %$rev(r_1 + r_2)$ & $\dn$ & $rev(r_1) + rev(r_2)$\\ | |
| 1660 | %$rev(r_1 \cdot r_2)$ & $\dn$ & $rev(r_2) \cdot rev(r_1)$\\ | |
| 1661 | %$rev(r^*)$ & $\dn$ & $rev(r)^*$\\ | |
| 1662 | %\end{tabular}}
 | |
| 1663 | %\end{center}
 | |
| 1664 | % | |
| 1665 | % | |
| 1666 | %and the set | |
| 1667 | % | |
| 1668 | %\begin{center}
 | |
| 1669 | %\bl{$Rev\,A \dn \{s^{-1} \;|\; s \in A\}$}
 | |
| 1670 | %\end{center}
 | |
| 1671 | % | |
| 1672 | %prove whether | |
| 1673 | % | |
| 1674 | %\begin{center}
 | |
| 1675 | %\bl{$L(rev(r)) = Rev (L(r))$}
 | |
| 1676 | %\end{center}
 | |
| 1677 | % | |
| 1678 | %\end{frame}
 | |
| 133 
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changeset | 1679 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 25 | 1680 | |
| 1681 | ||
| 743 | 1682 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 1683 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1684 | \frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
 | |
| 1685 | ||
| 1686 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 1687 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1688 | \node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
 | |
| 1689 | \node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
 | |
| 1690 | \node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
 | |
| 1691 | \node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};
 | |
| 1692 | \path[->,red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] | |
| 1693 |      {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
 | |
| 1694 | \path[->,red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] | |
| 1695 |      {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
 | |
| 1696 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=5mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);
 | |
| 1697 | %%\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge [bend left=45] (rexp); | |
| 1698 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge [bend left=45] node [below, black] {\begin{tabular}{l}Brzozowski's\\ method\end{tabular}} (rexp);
 | |
| 1699 | ||
| 1700 | \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | |
| 1701 | \end{center}
 | |
| 1702 | ||
| 1703 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1704 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1705 | ||
| 1706 | ||
| 1707 | ||
| 1708 | ||
| 1709 | % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1710 | % \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1711 | % \frametitle{DFA to Rexp}
 | |
| 1712 | ||
| 1713 | % \begin{center}
 | |
| 1714 | % \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | |
| 1715 | %                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | |
| 1716 | % draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},] | |
| 1717 | %   \node[state, initial]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$q_0$};
 | |
| 1718 | %   \node[state]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$q_1$};
 | |
| 1719 | %   \node[state, accepting] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$q_2$};
 | |
| 1720 | %   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | |
| 1721 | %             (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | |
| 1722 | %             (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | |
| 1723 | %             (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | |
| 1724 | %             (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | |
| 1725 | %             (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1726 | % \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1727 | % \end{center}\bigskip
 | |
| 1728 | ||
| 1729 | % \begin{center}
 | |
| 1730 | % \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@{\hspace{7mm}}l}
 | |
| 1731 | % \bl{$q_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\ONE + q_0\,b + q_1\,b +  q_2\,b$} & (start state)\\
 | |
| 1732 | % \bl{$q_1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$q_0\,a$}\\
 | |
| 1733 | % \bl{$q_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$q_1\,a + q_2\,a$}\\
 | |
| 1734 | ||
| 1735 | % \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1736 | % \end{center}
 | |
| 1737 | ||
| 1738 | % Arden's Lemma: | |
| 1739 | % \begin{center}
 | |
| 1740 | % If \bl{$q = q\,r + s$}\; then\; \bl{$q = s\, r^*$}
 | |
| 1741 | % \end{center}
 | |
| 1742 | ||
| 1743 | ||
| 1744 | % \end{frame}
 | |
| 1745 | % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1746 | ||
| 1747 | % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1748 | % \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1749 | % \frametitle{DFA Minimisation}
 | |
| 1750 | ||
| 1751 | % \begin{enumerate}
 | |
| 1752 | % \item Take all pairs \bl{$(q, p)$} with \bl{$q \not= p$}
 | |
| 1753 | % \item Mark all pairs that accepting and non-accepting states | |
| 1754 | % \item For  all unmarked pairs \bl{$(q, p)$} and all characters \bl{$c$} test whether
 | |
| 1755 | % \begin{center}
 | |
| 1756 | % \bl{$(\delta(q, c), \delta(p,c))$}
 | |
| 1757 | % \end{center} 
 | |
| 1758 | % are marked. If yes, then also mark \bl{$(q, p)$}.
 | |
| 1759 | % \item Repeat last step until no change. | |
| 1760 | % \item All unmarked pairs can be merged. | |
| 1761 | % \end{enumerate}
 | |
| 1762 | ||
| 1763 | % \end{frame}
 | |
| 1764 | % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1765 | ||
| 1766 | % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1767 | % \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1768 | ||
| 1769 | % \begin{center}
 | |
| 1770 | % \begin{tabular}{@{\hspace{-8mm}}cc@{}}
 | |
| 1771 | % \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | |
| 1772 | %                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | |
| 1773 | % \node[state,initial]  (q_0)  {$q_0$};
 | |
| 1774 | % \node[state] (q_1) [right=of q_0] {$q_1$};
 | |
| 1775 | % \node[state] (q_2) [below right=of q_0] {$q_2$};
 | |
| 1776 | % \node[state] (q_3) [right=of q_2] {$q_3$};
 | |
| 1777 | % \node[state, accepting] (q_4) [right=of q_1] {$q_4$};
 | |
| 1778 | % \path[->] (q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_1);
 | |
| 1779 | % \path[->] (q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_4);
 | |
| 1780 | % \path[->] (q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 1781 | % \path[->] (q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_4);
 | |
| 1782 | % \path[->] (q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_3);
 | |
| 1783 | % \path[->] (q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (q_2);
 | |
| 1784 | % \path[->] (q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q_2);
 | |
| 1785 | % \path[->] (q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1786 | % \path[->] (q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (q_0);
 | |
| 1787 | % \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1788 | % & | |
| 1789 | % \raisebox{9mm}{\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.6,line width=0.8mm]
 | |
| 1790 | % \draw (0,0) -- (4,0); | |
| 1791 | % \draw (0,1) -- (4,1); | |
| 1792 | % \draw (0,2) -- (3,2); | |
| 1793 | % \draw (0,3) -- (2,3); | |
| 1794 | % \draw (0,4) -- (1,4); | |
| 1795 | ||
| 1796 | % \draw (0,0) -- (0, 4); | |
| 1797 | % \draw (1,0) -- (1, 4); | |
| 1798 | % \draw (2,0) -- (2, 3); | |
| 1799 | % \draw (3,0) -- (3, 2); | |
| 1800 | % \draw (4,0) -- (4, 1); | |
| 1801 | ||
| 1802 | % \draw (0.5,-0.5) node {$q_0$}; 
 | |
| 1803 | % \draw (1.5,-0.5) node {$q_1$}; 
 | |
| 1804 | % \draw (2.5,-0.5) node {$q_2$}; 
 | |
| 1805 | % \draw (3.5,-0.5) node {$q_3$};
 | |
| 1806 | ||
| 1807 | % \draw (-0.5, 3.5) node {$q_1$}; 
 | |
| 1808 | % \draw (-0.5, 2.5) node {$q_2$}; 
 | |
| 1809 | % \draw (-0.5, 1.5) node {$q_3$}; 
 | |
| 1810 | % \draw (-0.5, 0.5) node {$q_4$}; 
 | |
| 1811 | ||
| 1812 | % \draw (0.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | |
| 1813 | % \draw (1.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | |
| 1814 | % \draw (2.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | |
| 1815 | % \draw (3.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$};
 | |
| 1816 | % \draw (0.5,1.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | |
| 1817 | % \draw (2.5,1.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | |
| 1818 | % \draw (0.5,3.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | |
| 1819 | % \draw (1.5,2.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | |
| 1820 | % \end{tikzpicture}}
 | |
| 1821 | % \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1822 | % \end{center}
 | |
| 1823 | ||
| 1824 | ||
| 1825 | % \mbox{}\\[-20mm]\mbox{}
 | |
| 1826 | ||
| 1827 | % \begin{center}
 | |
| 1828 | % \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | |
| 1829 | %                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | |
| 1830 | % \node[state,initial]  (q_02)  {$q_{0, 2}$};
 | |
| 1831 | % \node[state] (q_13) [right=of q_02] {$q_{1, 3}$};
 | |
| 1832 | % \node[state, accepting] (q_4) [right=of q_13] {$q_{4\phantom{,0}}$};
 | |
| 1833 | % \path[->] (q_02) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_13);
 | |
| 1834 | % \path[->] (q_13) edge [bend left] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (q_02);
 | |
| 1835 | % \path[->] (q_02) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1836 | % \path[->] (q_13) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_4);
 | |
| 1837 | % \path[->] (q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 1838 | % \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | |
| 1839 | % minimal automaton | |
| 1840 | % \end{center}
 | |
| 1841 | ||
| 1842 | % \end{frame}
 | |
| 967 | 1843 | % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 1844 | ||
| 1845 | ||
| 743 | 1846 | |
| 1847 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1848 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1849 | \frametitle{Regular Languages}
 | |
| 1850 | ||
| 1851 | Two equivalent definitions:\bigskip | |
| 1852 | ||
| 1853 | \begin{quote}\rm A language is \alert{regular} iff there exists a
 | |
| 1854 | regular expression that recognises all its strings. | |
| 1855 | \end{quote}
 | |
| 1856 | ||
| 1857 | \begin{quote}\rm A language is \alert{regular} iff there exists an
 | |
| 1858 | automaton that recognises all its strings. | |
| 1859 | \end{quote}\bigskip\bigskip
 | |
| 1860 | ||
| 1861 | ||
| 1862 | \small | |
| 1863 | for example \bl{$a^nb^n$} is not regular
 | |
| 1864 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1865 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1866 | ||
| 1867 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1868 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1010 | 1869 | \frametitle{Hierarchy of Languages}
 | 
| 1870 | ||
| 1871 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 1872 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1873 | [rect/.style={draw=black!50, 
 | |
| 1874 | top color=white, | |
| 1875 | bottom color=black!20, | |
| 1876 | rectangle, | |
| 1877 | very thick, | |
| 1878 | rounded corners}, scale=1.2] | |
| 1879 | ||
| 1880 | \draw (0,0) node [rect, text depth=39mm, text width=68mm] {all languages};
 | |
| 1881 | \draw (0,-0.4) node [rect, text depth=28.5mm, text width=64mm] {decidable languages};
 | |
| 1882 | \draw (0,-0.85) node [rect, text depth=17mm] {context sensitive languages};
 | |
| 1883 | \draw (0,-1.14) node [rect, text depth=9mm, text width=50mm] {context-free languages};
 | |
| 1884 | \draw (0,-1.4) node [rect] {regular languages};
 | |
| 1885 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1886 | ||
| 1887 | \end{center}
 | |
| 1888 | ||
| 1889 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1890 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1891 | ||
| 1892 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1893 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 743 | 1894 | \frametitle{Negation}
 | 
| 1895 | ||
| 1896 | Regular languages are closed under negation:\bigskip | |
| 1897 | ||
| 1898 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 1899 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | |
| 1900 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | |
| 1901 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}] | |
| 1902 |   \only<1>{\node[state,initial] (q0) at ( 0,1) {$q_0$};}
 | |
| 1903 |   \only<2>{\node[state,initial,accepting] (q0) at ( 0,1) {$q_0$};}
 | |
| 1904 |   \only<1>{\node[state] (q1) at ( 1,1) {$q_1$};}
 | |
| 1905 |   \only<2>{\node[state,accepting] (q1) at ( 1,1) {$q_1$};}
 | |
| 1906 |   \only<1>{\node[state, accepting] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$q_2$};}
 | |
| 1907 |   \only<2>{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$q_2$};}
 | |
| 1908 |   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | |
| 1909 |             (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | |
| 1910 |             (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | |
| 1911 |             (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | |
| 1912 |             (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | |
| 1913 |             (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1914 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1915 | \end{center}\bigskip\bigskip
 | |
| 1916 | ||
| 1917 | But requires that the automaton is \alert{completed}!
 | |
| 1918 | ||
| 1919 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1920 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1921 | ||
| 891 | 1922 | {
 | 
| 1923 | \setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
 | |
| 1924 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1925 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1926 |   \frametitle{\boldmath{}$(a^*)^* \cdot b$}
 | |
| 1927 | ||
| 1928 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 1929 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1930 |   \begin{axis}[
 | |
| 1931 |     xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
 | |
| 1932 |     %%x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
 | |
| 1933 |     ylabel={time in secs},
 | |
| 1934 | enlargelimits=false, | |
| 1935 |     xtick={0,15,...,30},
 | |
| 1936 | xmax=33, | |
| 1937 | ymax=35, | |
| 1938 |     ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | |
| 1939 | scaled ticks=false, | |
| 1940 | axis lines=left, | |
| 1941 | width=9cm, | |
| 1942 | height=6cm, | |
| 1943 |     legend entries={Java 8,Python,JavaScript,Swift,Dart},  
 | |
| 1944 | legend pos=outer north east, | |
| 1945 | legend cell align=left] | |
| 1946 | \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
 | |
| 1947 | \addplot[cyan,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-java.data};
 | |
| 1948 | \addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-js.data};
 | |
| 1949 | \addplot[magenta,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-swift.data};
 | |
| 1950 | \addplot[brown,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-dart.data};
 | |
| 1951 | ||
| 1952 | %\addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfadepth2.data};	
 | |
| 1953 | \end{axis}
 | |
| 1954 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1955 | \end{center}
 | |
| 1956 | ||
| 1957 | \end{frame}}
 | |
| 1958 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1959 | ||
| 967 | 1960 | |
| 1961 | ||
| 891 | 1962 | \begin{frame}<1-3>[c]
 | 
| 1963 | \end{frame}  
 | |
| 1964 | ||
| 889 | 1965 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 1966 | {
 | |
| 1967 | \setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
 | |
| 1968 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1969 | ||
| 1970 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 1971 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.5,>=stealth',very thick,
 | |
| 1972 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | |
| 1973 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}] | |
| 1974 |   \node[state,initial]   (q0) at (0,2) {$q_0$};
 | |
| 1975 |   \node[state,accepting] (q1) at (2,2) {$q_1$};
 | |
| 1976 |   \node[state]           (q2) at (0,0) {$q_2$};
 | |
| 1977 |   \node[state]           (q3) at (2,0) {$q_3$};
 | |
| 1978 | ||
| 1979 |   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | |
| 1980 |             (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q0)
 | |
| 1981 |             (q2) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q3)
 | |
| 1982 |             (q3) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | |
| 1983 |             (q0) edge[bend left] node[right] {\alert{$b$}} (q2)
 | |
| 1984 |             (q2) edge[bend left] node[left]  {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | |
| 1985 |             (q1) edge[bend left] node[right] {\alert{$b$}} (q3)
 | |
| 1986 |             (q3) edge[bend left] node[left]  {\alert{$b$}} (q1);
 | |
| 1987 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1988 | \end{center}
 | |
| 1989 | ||
| 1990 | \hfill{}Which language?
 | |
| 1991 | ||
| 1992 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1993 | } | |
| 1994 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1995 | ||
| 1996 | ||
| 967 | 1997 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 1998 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1999 | \frametitle{\mbox{CW1: Regexes and \boldmath$L$-function}}
 | |
| 2000 | ||
| 2001 | Given | |
| 2002 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 2003 | \begin{tabular}{@ {}l@ {\hspace{20mm}}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}l}
 | |
| 2004 | \bl{$r^+$}        & \bl{$L(r^+)$}         & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\bigcup_{1\le i}.\;L(r)^i$}\\
 | |
| 2005 | \bl{$r^?$}        & \bl{$L(r^?)$}         & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$L(r) \cup \{[]\}$}\\  
 | |
| 2006 | \bl{$r_1 \,\&\, r_2$} &  \bl{$L(r_1 \& r_2)$} &  \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$L(r_1) \cap L(r_2)$} \\
 | |
| 2007 | \bl{$r^{\{n\}}$}   & \bl{$L(r^{\{n\}})$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$L(r)^n$}\\
 | |
| 2008 | \bl{$r^{\{..m\}}$}   & \bl{$L(r^{\{..m\}})$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\bigcup_{0\le i \le m}.\;L(r)^i$}\\
 | |
| 2009 | \bl{$r^{\{n..\}}$}   & \bl{$L(r^{\{n..\}})$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\bigcup_{n\le i}.\;L(r)^i$}\\
 | |
| 2010 | \bl{$r^{\{n..m\}}$}   & \bl{$L(r^{\{n..m\}})$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\bigcup_{n\le i \le m}.\;L(r)^i$}\\      
 | |
| 2011 | \bl{$\sim{}r$}   & \bl{$L(\sim{}r)$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\Sigma^* - L(r)$}\\      
 | |
| 2012 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 2013 | \end{center}
 | |
| 2014 | ||
| 2015 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 2016 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 2017 | ||
| 2018 | ||
| 2019 | ||
| 2020 | ||
| 2021 | ||
| 2022 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 2023 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 2024 | \frametitle{Nullable}
 | |
| 2025 | ||
| 2026 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 2027 | \begin{tabular}{@ {}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@ {}}
 | |
| 2028 | \bl{$nullable(r^+)$}    & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$nullable(r)$}\\
 | |
| 2029 | \bl{$nullable(r^?)$}       & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{true}}\\
 | |
| 2030 | \bl{$nullable(r_1 \,\&\, r_2)$}  & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$nullable(r_1) \wedge nullable(r_2)$}\\
 | |
| 2031 | \bl{$nullable(r^{\{n\}})$}     & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} \textit{true} \textit{else} $nullable(r)$} \\ 
 | |
| 2032 | \bl{$nullable(r^{\{..m\}})$} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{true}} \\
 | |
| 2033 | \bl{$nullable (r^{\{n..\}})$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} \textit{true} \textit{else} $nullable(r)$}\\
 | |
| 2034 | \bl{$nullable (r^{\{n..m\}})$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} \textit{true} \textit{else} $nullable(r)$}\\  
 | |
| 2035 | \bl{$nullable (\sim{}r)$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$!\,nullable(r)$}\\
 | |
| 2036 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 2037 | \end{center}
 | |
| 2038 | ||
| 2039 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 2040 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 2041 | ||
| 2042 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 2043 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 2044 | \frametitle{Derivative}
 | |
| 2045 | ||
| 2046 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 2047 | \begin{tabular}{@ {}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@ {}}
 | |
| 2048 | \bl{$der\,c\,(r^+)$}    & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^*$}\\
 | |
| 2049 | \bl{$der\,c\,(r^?)$}       & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$der\,c\,r$}\\
 | |
| 2050 | \bl{$der\,c\,(r_1 \,\&\, r_2)$}  & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$(der\,c\,r_1) \;\&\; (der\,c\,r_2)$}\\
 | |
| 2051 | \bl{$der\,c\,(r^{\{n\}})$}     & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} $\ZERO$ \textit{else} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{n - 1\}}$} \\ 
 | |
| 2052 | \bl{$der\,c\,(r^{\{..m\}})$} & \bl{$\dn$} &  \bl{\textit{if} $m = 0$ \textit{then} $\ZERO$ \textit{else} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{..m - 1\}}$}\\
 | |
| 2053 | \bl{$der\,c\,(r^{\{n..\}})$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^*$ \textit{else} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{n - 1..\}}$}\\
 | |
| 2054 |   \bl{$der\,c\,(r^{\{n..m\}})$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0 \wedge m = 0$ \textit{then} $\ZERO$ \textit{else}}\\
 | |
| 2055 |                         &            & \bl{\textit{if} $ n = 0$ \textit{then} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{..m-1\}}$
 | |
| 2056 |                                        \textit{else} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{n-1..m-1\}}$}\\  
 | |
| 2057 | \bl{$der\,c\,(\sim{}r)$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\sim\,(der\,c\,r)$}\\
 | |
| 2058 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 2059 | \end{center}
 | |
| 2060 | ||
| 2061 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 2062 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 2063 | ||
| 2064 | ||
| 781 | 2065 | |
| 847 | 2066 | \begin{frame}<1-15>[c]
 | 
| 2067 | ||
| 781 | 2068 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 2069 | ||
| 967 | 2070 | % \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 2071 | % \begin{mybox3}{}
 | |
| 2072 | % I always thought dfa's needed a transition for each state for each | |
| 2073 | % character, and if not it would be an nfa not a dfa. Is there an | |
| 2074 | % example that disproves this? | |
| 2075 | % \end{mybox3}
 | |
| 2076 | % \end{frame}
 | |
| 781 | 2077 | |
| 967 | 2078 | % \begin{frame}<1-12>[c]
 | 
| 2079 | % \end{frame}
 | |
| 781 | 2080 | |
| 967 | 2081 | % \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 2082 | % \begin{mybox3}{}
 | |
| 2083 | % Do the regular expression matchers in Python and Java 8 have more | |
| 2084 | % features than the one implemented in this module? Or is there | |
| 2085 | % another reason for their inefficiency? | |
| 2086 | % \end{mybox3}
 | |
| 2087 | % \end{frame}
 | |
| 782 | 2088 | |
| 891 | 2089 | |
| 967 | 2090 | % \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 2091 | %   \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 2092 | % \item CW / censored some msgs | |
| 2093 | % \item power law / proof | |
| 2094 | % \item CW feedback | |
| 2095 | % \item too polished CW submissions | |
| 2096 | % \item no open book | |
| 2097 | %   \end{itemize}  
 | |
| 2098 | % \end{frame}
 | |
| 891 | 2099 | |
| 2100 | ||
| 25 | 2101 | \end{document}
 | 
| 2102 | ||
| 2103 | %%% Local Variables: | |
| 2104 | %%% mode: latex | |
| 2105 | %%% TeX-master: t | |
| 2106 | %%% End: | |
| 2107 |