slides/slides03.tex
author Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
Sun, 19 Oct 2025 09:44:04 +0200
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% !TEX program = xelatex
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\documentclass[dvipsnames,14pt,t,xelatex,aspectratio=169,xcolor={table}]{beamer}
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\usepackage{../slides}
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\usepackage{../graphicss}
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\usepackage{../langs}
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\usepackage{../data}
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\usepackage{tcolorbox}
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\newtcolorbox{mybox}{colback=red!5!white,colframe=red!75!black}
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\newtcolorbox{mybox2}[1]{colback=red!5!white,colframe=red!75!black,fonttitle=\bfseries,title=#1}
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\newtcolorbox{mybox3}[1]{colback=Cyan!5!white,colframe=Cyan!75!black,fonttitle=\bfseries,title=#1}
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\hfuzz=220pt 
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\pgfplotsset{compat=1.17}
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\newcommand{\bl}[1]{\textcolor{blue}{#1}}  
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% beamer stuff 
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\renewcommand{\slidecaption}{CFL 03, King's College London}
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\begin{document}
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Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{frame}[t]
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\frametitle{%
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  \begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}
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  \\[-3mm]
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  \LARGE Compilers and \\[-1mm] 
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  \LARGE Formal Languages\\[-5mm] 
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  \end{tabular}}
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  \normalsize
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  \begin{center}
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  \begin{tabular}{ll}
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    Email:  & christian.urban at kcl.ac.uk\\
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    Office Hour: & Friday 11:30 -- 12:30\\  
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  Location: & N7.07 (North Wing, Bush House)\\
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  Slides \& Progs: & KEATS\\
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  %%Pollev: & \texttt{\alert{https://pollev.com/cfltutoratki576}}\\  
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  \end{tabular}
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  \end{center}
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  \begin{center}
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    \begin{tikzpicture}
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      \node[drop shadow,fill=white,inner sep=0pt] 
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      {\footnotesize\rowcolors{1}{capri!10}{white}
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        \begin{tabular}{|p{4.8cm}|p{4.8cm}|}\hline
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          1 Introduction, Languages          & 6 While-Language \\
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          2 Regular Expressions, Derivatives & 7 Compilation, JVM \\
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          \cellcolor{blue!50}
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          3 Automata, Regular Languages      & 8 Compiling Functional Languages \\
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          4 Lexing, Tokenising               & 9 Optimisations \\
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          5 Grammars, Parsing                & 10 LLVM \\ \hline
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        \end{tabular}%
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      };
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    \end{tikzpicture}
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  \end{center}
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\begin{textblock}{5}(12,3)
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  \includegraphics[scale=0.35]{qr01}\\
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  \small{}Wifi: IET-Guest\\
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  \end{textblock} 
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\begin{mybox3}{From Mentimeter}\it    
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Is there a specific reason Python and the other programming 
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languages have not implemented their regex matcher like the much 
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faster algorithms described in the videos?
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\end{mybox3}  
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\begin{mybox3}{From the Survey}\it    
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If worst case for regex with derivatives is same as a
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normal regex engine, why is there a heavy focus on regex
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for lexer given most languages don't use it.
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\end{mybox3}  
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
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%{
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%\setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
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%\begin{frame}[c]
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%\frametitle{For Installation Problems}
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%
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%\begin{itemize}
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%\item Harry Dilnot (harry.dilnot@kcl.ac.uk) \\
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%  \;\;Windows expert
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%\item Oliver Iliffe (oliver.iliffe@kcl.ac.uk) 
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%\end{itemize}
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%  
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%\end{frame}
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%}
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%\begin{frame}[c]
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%
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%\begin{mybox3}{From Pollev last week}\it    
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%Is the equivalence of two regexes belong in the P or NP class of problems?
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%\end{mybox3}  
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%
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%\end{frame}
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%\begin{frame}[c]
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%
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%\begin{mybox3}{From Pollev last week}\it    
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%  If state machines are not efficient, then how/why do many lexer
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%  packages like the logos crate in rust compile down a lexer
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%  definition down to a jump table driven state machine?
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%  \textcolor{gray}{Could we
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%  achieve quicker lexing with things like SIMD instructions?}
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%\end{mybox3}  
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%\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{frame}[c]
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%%\frametitle{\boldmath$(abcdef)^{\{n\}}$ in Rust and Scala}
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\begin{textblock}{14}(1,3)
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\begin{tikzpicture}
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\begin{axis}[
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    xlabel={\bl{n} copies of \bl{\texttt{"}abcdef\texttt{"}}}, 
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    x label style={at={(0.45,-0.16)}},
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    ylabel={time in secs},
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    enlargelimits=false, 
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    ytick={0,10,...,60},
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    ymax=65,
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    xmax=50000,
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    xtick={0,10000,...,40000},
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    scaled ticks=false,
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    axis lines=left,
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    width=10cm,
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    height=6cm,
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    legend entries={Rust, Scala V3},
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    legend style={font=\small,at={(1.0,0.48)},anchor=north},
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    legend cell align=left]
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    \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-rust2.data};
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    \only<2>{\addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-scala2.data};}
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\end{axis}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{textblock}
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\begin{textblock}{9}(1.8,1.8)
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{Regular expression: \bl{\texttt{(abcdef)$^{\{\textrm{n}\}}$}}}
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\end{textblock}
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\begin{textblock}{6}(10.5,11.4)
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{\bl{$n$}}
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\end{textblock}
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967
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{frame}[c]
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%%\frametitle{\boldmath$(abcdef)^{\{n\}}$ in Rust and Scala}
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\begin{textblock}{14}(1,3)
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\begin{tikzpicture}
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\begin{axis}[
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    xlabel={strings of the form \bl{$\underbrace{\texttt{a}...\texttt{a}}_n$}}, 
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    x label style={at={(0.45,-0.16)}},
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    ylabel={time in secs},
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    enlargelimits=false,
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    xtick={0,5,10,...,30},
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    xmax=35,
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    ymax=35,
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    ytick={0,10,...,30},
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    scaled ticks=false,
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    axis lines=left,
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    width=10cm,
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    height=6cm,
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    legend entries={Python,JavaScript,Swift,Dart},
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    legend style={font=\small,at={(1.15,0.78)},anchor=north},
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    legend cell align=left]
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    \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
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    \addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-js.data};
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    \addplot[magenta,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-swift.data};
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    \addplot[brown,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-dart.data};
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\end{axis}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{textblock}
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\begin{textblock}{6}(1.8,1.8)
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{Regular expression: \bl{\texttt{(a*)*$\,$b}}}
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\end{textblock}
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\begin{textblock}{6}(10.5,11.4)
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{\bl{$n$}}
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\end{textblock}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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% @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
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%\end{document}
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% @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
1010
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%\begin{frame}[c]
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%
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
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%\begin{mybox3}{From Pollev last week}\it    
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%  For a regular expression $r = r_1 \cdot r_2$, to prove that
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parents: 1009
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%  $der\;c\;r = (der\;c\;r) \cdot r^{\{n-1\}}$, is there a
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parents: 1009
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%  way to prove it in the general case instead
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
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%  of how you do the calculations for each $n$ in the videos?
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
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%\end{mybox3}  
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parents: 1009
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%
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parents: 1009
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%\end{frame}
967
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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1011
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parents: 1010
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{Coursework}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item CW1 : Week 2
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\item CW2 : Week 4
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\item CW3 : Week 5 + 6
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parents: 1010
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\item CW4 : Week 7 + 8
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parents: 1010
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\item CW5 : Week 10
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parents: 1010
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\end{itemize}
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parents: 1010
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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967
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941
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parents: 940
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{
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\setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
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\begin{frame}<1-10>[c]
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\end{frame}
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}
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445
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
776
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%\begin{frame}[c]
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%\frametitle{Scala Book, Exams}
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%
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
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%\begin{itemize}
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parents: 743
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%\item \small https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/ProgInScala2ed.pdf\normalsize
939c10745a3a updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 743
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%\item homework (written exam 80\%)
939c10745a3a updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 743
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%\item coursework (20\%)\bigskip
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 743
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%\item short survey at KEATS; to be answered until Sunday    
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%\end{itemize}
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776
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%\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%
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133
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parents: 93
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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parents:
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\begin{frame}[t]
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\frametitle{(Basic) Regular Expressions}
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parents:
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Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents:
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\begin{center}
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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   \begin{tabular}{@ {}rrl@ {\hspace{13mm}}l}
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  \bl{$r$} & \bl{$::=$}  & \bl{$\ZERO$}  & nothing\\
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parents: 348
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         & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$\ONE$}        & empty string / "" / $[]$\\
134
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 133
diff changeset
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         & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$c$}                         & character\\
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 133
diff changeset
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         & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r_1 \cdot r_2$} & sequence\\
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 133
diff changeset
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         & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r_1 + r_2$}  & alternative / choice\\
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 133
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         & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r^*$}                   & star (zero or more)\\
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 133
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  \end{tabular}
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parents:
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  \end{center}
134
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 133
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 133
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How about ranges \bl{$[a\mbox{-}z]$}, \bl{$r^+$} and \bl{$\sim{}r$}? Do they increase the
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 133
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set of languages we can recognise?
25
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parents:
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\end{frame}
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parents:
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
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parents:
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Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents:
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
776
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parents: 743
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\begin{frame}[t]
265
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parents: 215
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\frametitle{Negation}
135
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parents: 134
diff changeset
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265
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parents: 215
diff changeset
   299
Assume you have an alphabet consisting of the letters \bl{$a$}, \bl{$b$} and \bl{$c$} only.
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
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Find a (basic!) regular expression that matches all strings \emph{\alert{except}} 
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parents: 215
diff changeset
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\bl{$ab$} and \bl{$ac$}!
135
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parents: 134
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265
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parents: 215
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\end{frame}
135
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parents: 134
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
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parents: 134
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parents:
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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parents: 572
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\begin{frame}[t]
265
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parents: 215
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\frametitle{Automata}
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Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents:
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   309
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
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A \alert{\bf deterministic finite automaton}, DFA, consists of:
25
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parents:
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Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents:
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\begin{itemize}
515
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   313
\item an alphabet \bl{$\varSigma$}  
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parents: 573
diff changeset
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\item a set of states \bl{$\mbox{Qs}$}
515
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diff changeset
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\item one of these states is the start state \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$}
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   316
\item some states are accepting states \bl{$F$}, and
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   317
\item there is transition function \bl{$\delta$}\bigskip 
25
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents:
diff changeset
   318
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents:
diff changeset
   319
\small
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
   320
which takes a state as argument and a character and produces a 
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   321
new state; this function might not be everywhere defined $\Rightarrow$ partial function
133
09efdf5cf07c updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 93
diff changeset
   322
\end{itemize}
09efdf5cf07c updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 93
diff changeset
   323
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   324
\begin{center}
574
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   325
\bl{$A(\varSigma, \mbox{Qs}, \mbox{Q}_0, F, \delta)$}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   326
\end{center}
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   327
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
   328
\end{frame}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   329
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   330
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   331
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   332
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   333
\begin{frame}[c]
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   334
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   335
\begin{center}
137
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   336
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
573
711bbc480998 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 572
diff changeset
   337
  every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,
711bbc480998 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 572
diff changeset
   338
    draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   339
\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   340
\node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   341
\node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   342
\node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   343
\node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   344
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   345
\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   346
\path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   347
\path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   348
\path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   349
\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   350
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   351
\path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   352
\path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);
137
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   353
\end{tikzpicture}
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   354
\end{center}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   355
573
711bbc480998 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 572
diff changeset
   356
\mbox{}\\[-14mm]
711bbc480998 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 572
diff changeset
   357
\only<1>{
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   358
\begin{itemize}
139
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 138
diff changeset
   359
\item the start state can be an accepting state
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   360
\item it is possible that there is no accepting state
139
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 138
diff changeset
   361
\item all states might be accepting (but this does not necessarily mean all strings are accepted)
573
711bbc480998 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 572
diff changeset
   362
\end{itemize}}
711bbc480998 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 572
diff changeset
   363
\only<2>{
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   364
for this automaton \bl{$\delta$} is the function\\
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   365
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   366
\begin{center}
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   367
\begin{tabular}{lll}
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   368
  \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_0, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_4$}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   369
  & \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_4, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_4$}\\
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   370
  \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_0, b) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, b) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_2$} &
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   371
  \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_4, b) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_4$}\\
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   372
\end{tabular}\ldots
573
711bbc480998 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 572
diff changeset
   373
\end{center}  
711bbc480998 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 572
diff changeset
   374
}  
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   375
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
   376
\end{frame}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   377
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   378
573
711bbc480998 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 572
diff changeset
   379
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   380
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   381
\begin{frame}[t]
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
   382
\frametitle{Accepting a String}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   383
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   384
Given
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   385
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   386
\begin{center}
574
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   387
\bl{$A(\varSigma, \mbox{Qs}, \mbox{Q}_0, F, \delta)$}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   388
\end{center}
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   389
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   390
you can define
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   391
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   392
\begin{center}
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   393
\begin{tabular}{l}
778
3e5f5d19f514 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 776
diff changeset
   394
\bl{$\widehat{\delta}(Q, []) \dn Q$}\\
3e5f5d19f514 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 776
diff changeset
   395
\bl{$\widehat{\delta}(Q, c::s) \dn \widehat{\delta}(\delta(Q, c), s)$}\\
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   396
\end{tabular}
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   397
\end{center}\pause
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   398
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   399
Whether a string \bl{$s$} is accepted by \bl{$A$}?
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   400
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   401
\begin{center}
517
edab48a5b37e updated
cu
parents: 515
diff changeset
   402
\hspace{5mm}\bl{$\widehat{\delta}(\mbox{Q}_0, s) \in F$}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   403
\end{center}
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
   404
\end{frame}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   405
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   406
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   407
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   408
\begin{frame}[c]
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   409
\frametitle{Regular Languages}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   410
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   411
A \alert{\bf language} is a set of strings.\bigskip
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   412
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   413
A \alert{\bf regular expression} specifies a language.\bigskip
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   414
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   415
A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   416
a regular expression that recognises all its strings.\bigskip\bigskip\pause
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   417
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   418
not all languages are regular, e.g.~\bl{$a^nb^n$} is not
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   419
\end{frame}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   420
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   421
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   422
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   423
\begin{frame}[c]
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   424
\frametitle{Regular Languages (2)}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   425
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   426
A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a regular
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   427
expression that recognises all its strings.\bigskip\medskip
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   428
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   429
or {\bf equivalently}\bigskip\medskip
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   430
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   431
A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   432
deterministic finite automaton that recognises all its
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   433
strings.
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   434
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   435
\end{frame}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   436
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   437
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   438
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   439
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   440
\begin{frame}[c]
348
31e89128ccd2 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 346
diff changeset
   441
\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}
31e89128ccd2 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 346
diff changeset
   442
              Non-Deterministic\\[-1mm] 
31e89128ccd2 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 346
diff changeset
   443
              Finite Automata\end{tabular}}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   444
779
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   445
\bl{$N(\varSigma, \mbox{Qs}, \mbox{Qs}_0, F, \rho)$}\\
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   446
A non-deterministic finite automaton (NFA) consists of:
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   447
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   448
\begin{itemize}
779
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   449
\item a finite set of states, \bl{$Qs$}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   450
\item \underline{some} these states are the start states, \bl{$Qs_0$}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   451
\item some states are accepting states, and
779
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   452
\item there is transition \alert{relation}, \bl{$\rho$}\medskip 
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   453
\end{itemize}
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   454
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   455
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   456
\begin{center}
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   457
\begin{tabular}{c}
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   458
\bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   459
\bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_3$}\\
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   460
\end{tabular}
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   461
\bl{\ldots}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   462
\hspace{10mm}\pause
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   463
\bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \{\mbox{Q}_2, \mbox{Q}_3\}$}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   464
\end{center}
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   465
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
   466
\end{frame}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   467
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   468
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   469
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   470
\begin{frame}[c]
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   471
\frametitle{An NFA Example}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   472
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   473
% A NFA for (ab* + b)*a
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   474
\begin{center}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   475
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick, auto,
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   476
    every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=3pt,
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   477
      draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},scale=2]
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   478
\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   479
\node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   480
\node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   481
\path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   482
\path[<-] (Q_0) edge node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_1);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   483
\path[->] (Q_0) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   484
\path[->] (Q_0) edge [bend right] node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_2);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   485
\path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a,b$}} ();
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   486
\path[->] (Q_1) edge node  [above] {\alert{$a$}} (Q_2);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   487
\end{tikzpicture}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   488
\end{center}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   489
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   490
\end{frame}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   491
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   492
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   493
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   494
\begin{frame}[c]
574
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   495
\frametitle{Another Example}
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   496
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   497
For the regular expression \bl{$(.^*)a\,(.^{\{n\}})bc$}\bigskip\bigskip
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   498
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   499
% \begin{center}
650
3031e3379ea3 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 574
diff changeset
   500
\mbox{}\hspace{-11.5mm}
574
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   501
	\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick, auto,
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   502
	every state/.style={minimum size=5pt,inner sep=1pt,
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   503
		draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},scale=1, node distance=5mm,
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   504
	decoration={brace,mirror,amplitude=7}]
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   505
	\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\;0\;$};
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   506
	\node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\;1\;$};
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   507
	\node[state] (Q_2) [right=of Q_1] {$\;2\;$};
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   508
	\node (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\hspace{-1mm}\ldots\hspace{-3mm}$};
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   509
	\node[state] (Q_4) [right=of Q_3] {$\;\phantom{1}\;$};
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   510
	\node (Q_5) [right=of Q_4] {$\hspace{-1mm}\ldots\hspace{-3mm}$};
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   511
	\node[state] (Q_6) [right=of Q_5] {\tiny$n+1$};
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   512
	\node[state] (Q_7) [right=of Q_6] {\tiny$n+2$};
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   513
	\node[state,accepting] (Q_8) [right=of Q_7] {\tiny$n+3$};
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   514
	
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   515
	\path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop above] node {$*$} ();
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   516
	\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above] {$a$} (Q_1);
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   517
	\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above] {$*$} (Q_2);
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   518
	\path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above] {$*$} (Q_3);
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   519
	\path[->] (Q_4) edge node [above] {$*$} (Q_5);
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   520
	\path[->] (Q_5) edge node [above] {$*$} (Q_6);
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   521
	\path[->] (Q_6) edge node [above] {$b$} (Q_7);
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   522
	\path[->] (Q_7) edge node [above] {$c$} (Q_8);
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   523
	
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   524
	\draw [decorate] ([yshift=-5mm]Q_1.east) --node[below=3mm]{$n$} ([yshift=-5mm]Q_6.west);
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   525
	\end{tikzpicture}\bigskip
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   526
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   527
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   528
{\small Note the star-transitions: accept any character.}
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   529
        
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   530
\end{frame}
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   531
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   532
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
bd4f144326c7 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 573
diff changeset
   533
\begin{frame}[c]
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   534
\frametitle{Two Epsilon NFA Examples}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   535
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   536
\small
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   537
\begin{center}
143
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 139
diff changeset
   538
\begin{tabular}[t]{c@{\hspace{9mm}}c}
136
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 135
diff changeset
   539
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 135
diff changeset
   540
                             every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
215
828303e8e4af updated slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 143
diff changeset
   541
\node[state,initial]  (q_0)  {$q_0$};
828303e8e4af updated slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 143
diff changeset
   542
\node[state] (q_1) [above=of q_0] {$q_1$};
828303e8e4af updated slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 143
diff changeset
   543
\node[state, accepting] (q_2) [below=of q_0] {$q_2$};
828303e8e4af updated slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 143
diff changeset
   544
\path[->] (q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (q_1);
828303e8e4af updated slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 143
diff changeset
   545
\path[->] (q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (q_2);
828303e8e4af updated slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 143
diff changeset
   546
\path[->] (q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
828303e8e4af updated slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 143
diff changeset
   547
\path[->] (q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
828303e8e4af updated slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 143
diff changeset
   548
\path[->] (q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
143
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 139
diff changeset
   549
\end{tikzpicture} &
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 139
diff changeset
   550
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 139
diff changeset
   551
\raisebox{20mm}{
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 139
diff changeset
   552
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 139
diff changeset
   553
                             every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 139
diff changeset
   554
\node[state,initial]  (r_1)  {$r_1$};
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 139
diff changeset
   555
\node[state] (r_2) [above=of r_1] {$r_2$};
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 139
diff changeset
   556
\node[state, accepting] (r_3) [right=of r_1] {$r_3$};
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 139
diff changeset
   557
\path[->] (r_1) edge node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (r_3);
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 139
diff changeset
   558
\path[->] (r_2) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (r_3);
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 139
diff changeset
   559
\path[->] (r_1) edge [bend left] node  [left] {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (r_2);
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 139
diff changeset
   560
\path[->] (r_2) edge [bend left] node  [right] {\alert{$a$}} (r_1);
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 139
diff changeset
   561
\end{tikzpicture}}
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 139
diff changeset
   562
\end{tabular}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   563
\end{center}
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   564
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
   565
\end{frame}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   566
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   567
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   568
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   569
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   570
\begin{frame}[c]
779
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   571
\frametitle{Thompson: Rexp to $\epsilon$NFA}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   572
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   573
\begin{center}
137
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   574
\begin{tabular}[t]{l@{\hspace{10mm}}l}
445
e7d0157f0471 updated slides
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 348
diff changeset
   575
\raisebox{1mm}{\bl{$\ZERO$}} & 
137
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   576
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick, every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   577
\node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
137
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   578
\end{tikzpicture}\\\\
445
e7d0157f0471 updated slides
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 348
diff changeset
   579
\raisebox{1mm}{\bl{$\ONE$}} & 
137
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   580
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick, every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   581
\node[state, initial, accepting]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
137
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   582
\end{tikzpicture}\\\\
651
652065f55d54 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 650
diff changeset
   583
\raisebox{5mm}{\bl{$c$}} & 
137
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   584
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick, every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   585
\node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   586
\node[state, accepting]  (Q_1)  [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   587
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [below]  {\alert{$c$}} (Q_1);
137
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   588
\end{tikzpicture}\\\\
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   589
\end{tabular}
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   590
\end{center}
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   591
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
   592
\end{frame}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   593
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   594
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   595
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
137
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   596
\begin{frame}[t]
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   597
\frametitle{Case $r_1\cdot r_2$}
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   598
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   599
\mbox{}\bigskip
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   600
\onslide<1->{By recursion we are given two automata:\bigskip}
137
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   601
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   602
{\centering%
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   603
\only<1>{%
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   604
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   605
    >=stealth',very thick,
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   606
    every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}]
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   607
\node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   608
\node[state, initial]  (Q_01) [below=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   609
\node[state, initial]  (Q_02) [above=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   610
\node (R_1)  [right=of Q_0] {$\ldots$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   611
\node[state, accepting]  (T_1)  [right=of R_1] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   612
\node[state, accepting]  (T_2)  [above=of T_1] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   613
\node[state, accepting]  (T_3)  [below=of T_1] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   614
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   615
\node (A_0)  [right=2.5cm of T_1] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   616
\node[state, initial]  (A_01)  [above=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   617
\node[state, initial]  (A_02)  [below=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   618
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   619
\node (b_1)  [right=of A_0] {$\ldots$};
137
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   620
\node[state, accepting]  (c_1)  [right=of b_1] {$\mbox{}$};
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   621
\node[state, accepting]  (c_2)  [above=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   622
\node[state, accepting]  (c_3)  [below=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   623
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   624
  \node (1) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick,
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   625
    draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (Q_0) (R_1) (T_1) (T_2) (T_3)] {};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   626
  \node (2) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick,
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   627
    draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (A_0) (b_1) (c_1) (c_2) (c_3)] {};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   628
\node [yshift=2mm] at (1.north) {$r_1$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   629
\node [yshift=2mm] at (2.north) {$r_2$};
143
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 139
diff changeset
   630
\end{pgfonlayer}
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   631
\end{tikzpicture}}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   632
\only<2>{%
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   633
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   634
    >=stealth',very thick,
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   635
    every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   636
\node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   637
\node[state, initial]  (Q_01) [below=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   638
\node[state, initial]  (Q_02) [above=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   639
\node (r_1)  [right=of Q_0] {$\ldots$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   640
\node[state]  (t_1)  [right=of r_1] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   641
\node[state]  (t_2)  [above=of t_1] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   642
\node[state]  (t_3)  [below=of t_1] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   643
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   644
\node  (A_0)  [right=2.5cm of t_1] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   645
\node[state]  (A_01)  [above=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   646
\node[state]  (A_02)  [below=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   647
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   648
\node (b_1)  [right=of A_0] {$\ldots$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   649
\node[state, accepting]  (c_1)  [right=of b_1] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   650
\node[state, accepting]  (c_2)  [above=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   651
\node[state, accepting]  (c_3)  [below=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   652
\path[->] (t_1) edge (A_01);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   653
\path[->] (t_2) edge node [above]  {$\epsilon$s} (A_01);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   654
\path[->] (t_3) edge (A_01);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   655
\path[->] (t_1) edge (A_02);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   656
\path[->] (t_2) edge (A_02);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   657
\path[->] (t_3) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$s} (A_02);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   658
 
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   659
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   660
  \node (3) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick,
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   661
    draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (Q_0) (c_1) (c_2) (c_3)] {};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   662
\node [yshift=2mm] at (3.north) {$r_1\cdot r_2$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   663
\end{pgfonlayer}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   664
\end{tikzpicture}}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   665
%
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   666
}\bigskip\bigskip
137
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   667
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   668
\small
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   669
We need to (1) change the accepting nodes of the first automaton into non-accepting nodes, and (2) connect them
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   670
via $\epsilon$-transitions to the starting state of the second automaton. 
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   671
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
   672
\end{frame}
137
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   673
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   674
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   675
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   676
\begin{frame}[t]
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   677
\frametitle{Case $r_1+ r_2$}
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   678
\mbox{}\\[-8mm]
137
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   679
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   680
\onslide<1->{By recursion we are given two automata:\smallskip}
137
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   681
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   682
\hspace{2cm}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   683
\only<1>{%
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   684
  \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   685
    >=stealth',very thick,
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   686
    every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   687
    baseline=(current bounding box.center)]
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   688
\node at (0,0)  (1)  {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   689
\node  (2)  [above=14mm of 1] {};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   690
\node[state, initial]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   691
\node[state, initial]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   692
\node[state, initial]  (3)  [below=10mm of 1] {$\mbox{}$};
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   693
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   694
\node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots\,$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   695
\node  (a1)  [right=of a] {$$};
137
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   696
\node[state, accepting]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   697
\node[state, accepting]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   698
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   699
\node (b)  [right=of 3] {$\ldots$};
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   700
\node[state, accepting]  (b1)  [right=of b] {$\mbox{}$};
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   701
\node[state, accepting]  (b2)  [above=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   702
\node[state, accepting]  (b3)  [below=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   703
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   704
\node (1) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (2) (a1) (a2) (a3)] {};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   705
\node (2) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (3) (b1) (b2) (b3)] {};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   706
\node [yshift=3mm] at (1.north) {$r_1$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   707
\node [yshift=3mm] at (2.north) {$r_2$};
137
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   708
\end{pgfonlayer}
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   709
\end{tikzpicture}}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   710
\only<2>{%
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   711
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   712
    >=stealth',very thick,
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   713
    every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   714
    baseline=(current bounding box.center)]
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   715
\node at (0,0) (1)  {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   716
\node (2)  [above=14mm of 1] {$$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   717
\node[state, initial]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   718
\node[state, initial]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   719
\node[state, initial]  (3)  [below=10mm of 1] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   720
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   721
\node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots\,$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   722
\node (a1)  [right=of a] {$$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   723
\node[state, accepting]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   724
\node[state, accepting]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   725
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   726
\node (b)  [right=of 3] {$\ldots$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   727
\node[state, accepting]  (b1)  [right=of b] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   728
\node[state, accepting]  (b2)  [above=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   729
\node[state, accepting]  (b3)  [below=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   730
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   731
%\path[->] (1) edge node [above]  {$\epsilon$} (2);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   732
%\path[->] (1) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (3);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   733
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   734
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   735
\node (3) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (1) (a2) (a3) (b2) (b3)] {};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   736
\node [yshift=3mm] at (3.north) {$r_1+ r_2$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   737
\end{pgfonlayer}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   738
\end{tikzpicture}}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   739
%
137
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   740
69cec773736b added pictures
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 136
diff changeset
   741
\small
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   742
\mbox{}\\\medskip
517
edab48a5b37e updated
cu
parents: 515
diff changeset
   743
We can just put both automata together.
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
   744
\end{frame}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   745
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   746
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   747
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   748
\begin{frame}[c]
138
b98a0a49c432 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 137
diff changeset
   749
\frametitle{Case $r^*$}
b98a0a49c432 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 137
diff changeset
   750
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   751
\onslide<1->{By recursion we are given an automaton for $r$:\smallskip}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   752
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   753
\hspace{2cm}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   754
\only<1>{\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   755
    >=stealth',very thick,
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   756
    every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   757
    baseline=(current bounding box.north)]
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   758
\node (2)  {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   759
\node[state, initial]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   760
\node[state, initial]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};  
138
b98a0a49c432 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 137
diff changeset
   761
\node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots$};
b98a0a49c432 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 137
diff changeset
   762
\node[state, accepting]  (a1)  [right=of a] {$\mbox{}$};
b98a0a49c432 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 137
diff changeset
   763
\node[state, accepting]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   764
\node[state, accepting]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   765
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   766
\node (1) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (2) (a1) (a2) (a3)] {};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   767
\node [yshift=3mm] at (1.north) {$r$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   768
\end{pgfonlayer}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   769
\end{tikzpicture}}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   770
\only<2->{\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   771
    >=stealth',very thick,
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   772
    every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   773
    baseline=(current bounding box.north)]
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   774
\node at (0,0) [state, initial,accepting]  (1)  {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   775
\node (2)  [right=16mm of 1] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   776
\node[state]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   777
\node[state]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};  
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   778
\node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots$};
138
b98a0a49c432 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 137
diff changeset
   779
\node[state]  (a1)  [right=of a] {$\mbox{}$};
b98a0a49c432 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 137
diff changeset
   780
\node[state]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   781
\node[state]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   782
\path[->] (1) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (4);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   783
\path[->] (1) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (5);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   784
\path[->] (a1) edge [bend left=45] node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (1);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   785
\path[->] (a2) edge [bend right] node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (1);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   786
\path[->] (a3) edge [bend left=45] node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (1);
138
b98a0a49c432 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 137
diff changeset
   787
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   788
\node (2) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (1) (a2) (a3)] {};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   789
\node [yshift=3mm] at (2.north) {$r^*$};
138
b98a0a49c432 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 137
diff changeset
   790
\end{pgfonlayer}
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   791
\end{tikzpicture}}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
   792
\bigskip
138
b98a0a49c432 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 137
diff changeset
   793
139
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 138
diff changeset
   794
\onslide<3->{
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 138
diff changeset
   795
Why can't we just have an epsilon transition from the accepting states to the starting state?}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   796
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
   797
\end{frame}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   798
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   799
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   800
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
   801
\begin{frame}[c]
779
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   802
\frametitle{\mbox{NFA Breadth-First: \boldmath{}$a^{?\{n\}}\!\cdot\! a^{\{n\}}$}}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   803
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   804
\begin{tikzpicture}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   805
  \begin{axis}[xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   806
    ylabel={time in secs},
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   807
    enlargelimits=false,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   808
    xtick={0,5,...,30},
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   809
    xmax=30,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   810
    ymax=35,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   811
    ytick={0,5,...,30},
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   812
    scaled ticks=false,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   813
    axis lines=left,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   814
    width=9cm,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   815
    height=6cm, 
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   816
    legend entries={Python,Ruby,my NFA},
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   817
    legend pos=outer north east,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   818
    legend cell align=left]
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   819
\addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python.data};
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   820
\addplot[brown,mark=pentagon*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-ruby.data};  
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   821
\addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfabreadth.data};	
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   822
\end{axis}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   823
\end{tikzpicture}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   824
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   825
\end{frame}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   826
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   827
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   828
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   829
\begin{frame}[c]
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   830
  \frametitle{NFA Breadth-First:\boldmath{}$(a^*)^* \cdot b$}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   831
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   832
\bigskip    
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   833
\begin{center}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   834
\begin{tikzpicture}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   835
  \begin{axis}[
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   836
    xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   837
    %%x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   838
    ylabel={time in secs},
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   839
    enlargelimits=false,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   840
    xtick={0,10,...,100},
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   841
    xmax=103,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   842
    ymax=35,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   843
    ytick={0,5,...,30},
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   844
    scaled ticks=false,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   845
    axis lines=left,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   846
    width=9cm,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   847
    height=6cm, 
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   848
    legend entries={Java 8,Python,JavaScript,Swift,Dart,my NFA},  
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   849
    legend pos=outer north east,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   850
    legend cell align=left]
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   851
\addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   852
\addplot[cyan,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-java.data};
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   853
\addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-js.data};
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   854
\addplot[magenta,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-swift.data};
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   855
\addplot[brown,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-dart.data};
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   856
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   857
\addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfabreadth2.data};	
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   858
\end{axis}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   859
\end{tikzpicture}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   860
\end{center}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   861
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   862
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   863
\end{frame}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   864
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   865
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   866
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   867
\begin{frame}[c]
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   868
\frametitle{NFA Depth-First: \boldmath$a^{?\{n\}} \cdot a^{\{n\}}$}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   869
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   870
\begin{tikzpicture}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   871
  \begin{axis}[xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   872
    ylabel={time in secs},
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   873
    enlargelimits=false,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   874
    xtick={0,5,...,30},
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   875
    xmax=30,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   876
    ymax=35,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   877
    ytick={0,5,...,30},
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   878
    scaled ticks=false,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   879
    axis lines=left,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   880
    width=9cm,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   881
    height=6cm, 
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   882
    legend entries={Python,Ruby,my NFA},
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   883
    legend pos=outer north east,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   884
    legend cell align=left]
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   885
\addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python.data};
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   886
\addplot[brown,mark=pentagon*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-ruby.data};  
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   887
\addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfadepth.data};	
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   888
\end{axis}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   889
\end{tikzpicture}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   890
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   891
\end{frame}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   892
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   893
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   894
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   895
\begin{frame}[c]
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   896
  \frametitle{NFA Depth-First: \boldmath$(a^*)^* \cdot b$}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   897
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   898
\bigskip    
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   899
\begin{center}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   900
\begin{tikzpicture}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   901
  \begin{axis}[
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   902
    xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   903
    %%x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   904
    ylabel={time in secs},
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   905
    enlargelimits=false,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   906
    xtick={0,15,...,30},
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   907
    xmax=33,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   908
    ymax=35,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   909
    ytick={0,5,...,30},
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   910
    scaled ticks=false,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   911
    axis lines=left,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   912
    width=9cm,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   913
    height=6cm, 
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   914
    legend entries={Java 8,Python,JavaScript,Swift,Dart,my NFA},  
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   915
    legend pos=outer north east,
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   916
    legend cell align=left]
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   917
\addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   918
\addplot[cyan,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-java.data};
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   919
\addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-js.data};
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   920
\addplot[magenta,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-swift.data};
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   921
\addplot[brown,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-dart.data};
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   922
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   923
\addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfadepth2.data};	
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   924
\end{axis}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   925
\end{tikzpicture}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   926
\end{center}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   927
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   928
The punchline is that many existing libraries do depth-first search
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   929
in NFAs (with backtracking).
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   930
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   931
\end{frame}
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   932
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   933
782
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   934
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   935
\begin{frame}[c]
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   936
\frametitle{Subset Construction}
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   937
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   938
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   939
\begin{textblock}{5}(1,3.5)
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   940
\begin{center}
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   941
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=6mm,scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   942
                             every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   943
\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   944
\node[state] (Q_1) [below=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   945
\node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [below=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   946
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   947
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$1$}} (Q_1);
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   948
\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [left]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (Q_2);
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   949
\path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$0,1$}} ();
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   950
%\path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   951
%\path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   952
\end{tikzpicture}
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   953
\end{center}
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   954
\end{textblock}
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   955
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   956
\begin{textblock}{11}(6.5,4)
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   957
\begin{tabular}{r|cl}
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   958
nodes \textcolor{white}{*} & $0$ & $1$\\
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   959
\hline
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   960
$\{\}$  \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<2->{$\{\}$} & \onslide<2->{$\{\}$}\\
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   961
\onslide<5->{s:} $\{0\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{0\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{0,1\}$}\\
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   962
$\{1\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{2\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{2\}$}\\
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   963
$\{2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{\}$}\\
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   964
$\{0,1\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} &\onslide<4->{$\{0,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$}\\
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   965
$\{0,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} &\onslide<4->{$\{0\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{0,1\}$}\\
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   966
$\{1,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   967
$\{0,1,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*}& \onslide<4->{$\{0,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$}\\
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   968
\end{tabular}
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   969
\end{textblock}
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   970
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   971
\end{frame}
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   972
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
779
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
   973
  
782
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   974
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   975
\begin{frame}[c]
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   976
\frametitle{The Result}
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   977
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   978
\footnotesize
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   979
\begin{center}
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   980
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5,>=stealth',very thick,
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   981
                    every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   982
                    draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   983
                    baseline=0mm]
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   984
\node[state,initial]  (q0)  {$\{0\}$};
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   985
\node[state] (q01) [right=of q0] {$\{0,1\}$};
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   986
\node[state,accepting] (q12) [above=of q01] {$\{1,2\}$};
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   987
\node[state,accepting] (q02) [below=of q01] {$\{0,2\}$};
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   988
\node[state] (q1) [right=2cm of q12] {$\{1\}$};
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   989
\node[state,accepting] (q2) [right=2.5cm of q01] {$\{2\}$};
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   990
\node[state,accepting] (q012) [right=1.5cm of q02] {$\{0,1,2\}$};
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   991
\node[state] (Qn) [right=of q2] {$\{\}$};
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   992
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   993
\path[->] (q0) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$0$}} ();
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   994
\path[->] (q0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$1$}} (q01);
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   995
\path[->] (q02) edge [bend left] node [left]  {\alert{$1$}} (q01);
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   996
\path[->] (q02) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0$}} (q0);
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   997
\path[->] (q01) edge node [above]  {\alert{$1$}} (q012);
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   998
\path[->] (q01) edge [bend left] node [right]  {\alert{$0$}} (q02);
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
   999
\path[->] (q12) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (q2);
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1000
\path[->] (q1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (q2);
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1001
\path[->] (q2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (Qn);
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1002
\path[->] (q012) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$1$}} ();
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1003
\path[->] (q012) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0$}} (q02);
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1004
\path[->] (Qn) edge [loop above] node  {$\alert{0},\alert{1}$} ();
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1005
\end{tikzpicture}
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1006
\end{center}
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1007
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1008
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1009
\end{frame}
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1010
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1011
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1012
\begin{frame}[c]
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1013
\frametitle{Removing Dead States}
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1014
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1015
\footnotesize
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1016
\begin{center}
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1017
\begin{tabular}{ll}
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1018
\large DFA: & \large (original) NFA:\\
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1019
\raisebox{0mm}{%
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1020
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1021
                    every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1022
                    draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}]
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1023
\node[state,initial]  (q0)  {$\{0\}$};
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1024
\node[state] (q01) [right=of q0] {$\{0,1\}$};
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1025
\node[state,accepting] (q02) [below=of q01] {$\{0,2\}$};
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1026
\node[state,accepting] (q012) [right=1.5cm of q02] {$\{0,1,2\}$};
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1027
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1028
\path[->] (q0) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$0$}} ();
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1029
\path[->] (q0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$1$}} (q01);
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1030
\path[->] (q02) edge [bend left] node [left]  {\alert{$1$}} (q01);
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1031
\path[->] (q02) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0$}} (q0);
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1032
\path[->] (q01) edge node [above]  {\alert{$1$}} (q012);
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1033
\path[->] (q01) edge [bend left] node [right]  {\alert{$0$}} (q02);
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1034
\path[->] (q012) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$1$}} ();
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1035
\path[->] (q012) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0$}} (q02);
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1036
\end{tikzpicture}}
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1037
&
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1038
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1039
                    every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1040
                      draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1041
\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1042
\node[state] (Q_1) [below=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1043
\node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [below=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1044
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1045
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$1$}} (Q_1);
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1046
\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [left]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (Q_2);
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1047
\path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$0,1$}} ();                    
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1048
\end{tikzpicture}
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1049
\end{tabular}
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1050
\end{center}
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1051
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1052
\end{frame}
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1053
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
779
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
  1054
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
  1055
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
  1056
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
5385c8342f02 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 778
diff changeset
  1057
\begin{frame}[c]
782
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  1058
\frametitle{Subset Construction ($\epsilon$NFA)}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1059
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1060
662
8da26d4c2ca8 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 651
diff changeset
  1061
\begin{textblock}{5}(1,1.5)
136
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 135
diff changeset
  1062
\begin{center}
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1063
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=6mm,scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
136
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 135
diff changeset
  1064
                             every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1065
\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1066
\node[state] (Q_1) [above=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1067
\node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [below=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1068
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_1);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1069
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_2);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1070
\path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1071
\path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1072
\path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
136
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 135
diff changeset
  1073
\end{tikzpicture}
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 135
diff changeset
  1074
\end{center}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1075
\end{textblock}
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1076
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1077
\begin{textblock}{11}(6.5,4.5)
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1078
\begin{tabular}{r|cl}
139
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 138
diff changeset
  1079
nodes \textcolor{white}{*} & $a$ & $b$\\
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1080
\hline
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1081
$\{\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<2->{$\{\}$} & \onslide<2->{$\{\}$}\\
139
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 138
diff changeset
  1082
$\{0\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{2\}$}\\
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1083
$\{1\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{1\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{\}$}\\
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1084
$\{2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{2\}$}\\
139
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 138
diff changeset
  1085
$\{0,1\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} &\onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 138
diff changeset
  1086
$\{0,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} &\onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 138
diff changeset
  1087
$\{1,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} & \onslide<4->{$\{1\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 138
diff changeset
  1088
\onslide<5->{s:} $\{0,1,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*}& \onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1089
\end{tabular}
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1090
\end{textblock}
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1091
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1092
\end{frame}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1093
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1094
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1095
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1096
\begin{frame}[c]
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1097
\frametitle{The Result}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1098
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1099
\footnotesize
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1100
\begin{center}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1101
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5,>=stealth',very thick,
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1102
                    every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1103
                    draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1104
                    baseline=0mm]
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1105
\node[state,initial,accepting]  (q012)  {$\{0,1,2\}$};
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1106
\node[state,accepting] (q02) [right=of q012] {$\{0,2\}$};
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1107
\node[state] (q01) [above=of q02] {$\{0,1\}$};
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1108
\node[state,accepting] (q12) [below=of q02] {$\{1,2\}$};
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1109
\node[state] (q0) [right=2cm of q01] {$\{0\}$};
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1110
\node[state] (q1) [right=2.5cm of q02] {$\{1\}$};
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1111
\node[state,accepting] (q2) [right=1.5cm of q12] {$\{2\}$};
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1112
\node[state] (qn) [right=of q1] {$\{\}$};
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1113
348
31e89128ccd2 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 346
diff changeset
  1114
\path[->] (q012) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
31e89128ccd2 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 346
diff changeset
  1115
\path[->] (q012) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
31e89128ccd2 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 346
diff changeset
  1116
\path[->] (q12) edge [bend left] node [below,pos=0.4]  {\alert{$a$}} (q1);
31e89128ccd2 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 346
diff changeset
  1117
\path[->] (q12) edge node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
31e89128ccd2 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 346
diff changeset
  1118
\path[->] (q02) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q012);
31e89128ccd2 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 346
diff changeset
  1119
\path[->] (q02) edge [bend left] node [above, pos=0.8]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
31e89128ccd2 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 346
diff changeset
  1120
\path[->] (q01) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (q012);
31e89128ccd2 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 346
diff changeset
  1121
\path[->] (q01) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
31e89128ccd2 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 346
diff changeset
  1122
\path[->] (q0) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (q012);
31e89128ccd2 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 346
diff changeset
  1123
\path[->] (q0) edge node [right, pos=0.2]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
31e89128ccd2 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 346
diff changeset
  1124
\path[->] (q1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
31e89128ccd2 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 346
diff changeset
  1125
\path[->] (q1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (qn);
31e89128ccd2 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 346
diff changeset
  1126
\path[->] (q2) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
31e89128ccd2 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 346
diff changeset
  1127
\path[->] (q2) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (qn);
31e89128ccd2 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 346
diff changeset
  1128
\path[->] (qn) edge [loop above] node  {$\alert{a},\alert{b}$} ();
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1129
\end{tikzpicture}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1130
\end{center}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1131
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1132
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1133
\end{frame}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1134
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1135
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1136
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1137
\begin{frame}[c]
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1138
\frametitle{Removing Dead States}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1139
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1140
\footnotesize
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1141
\begin{center}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1142
\begin{tabular}{ll}
445
e7d0157f0471 updated slides
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 348
diff changeset
  1143
DFA: & (original) NFA:\\
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1144
\raisebox{10mm}{%
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1145
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1146
                    every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1147
                    draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}]
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1148
\node[state,initial,accepting]  (q012)  {$\{0,1,2\}$};
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1149
\node[state,accepting] (q2) [right=of q012] {$\{2\}$};
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1150
\node[state] (qn) [right=of q2] {$\{\}$};
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1151
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1152
\path[->] (q012) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1153
\path[->] (q012) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1154
\path[->] (q2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1155
\path[->] (q2) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (qn);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1156
\path[->] (qn) edge [loop above] node 
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1157
   {$\alert{a},\alert{b}$} ();
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1158
\end{tikzpicture}}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1159
&
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1160
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1161
                    every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1162
                    draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1163
\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1164
\node[state] (Q_1) [above=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1165
\node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [below=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1166
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_1);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1167
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_2);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1168
\path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1169
\path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1170
\path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1171
\end{tikzpicture}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1172
\end{tabular}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1173
\end{center}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1174
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1175
\end{frame}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1176
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1177
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1178
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1179
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1180
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1181
\begin{frame}[c]
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1182
\frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1183
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1184
\begin{center}
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1185
\begin{tikzpicture}
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1186
\node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1187
\node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1188
\node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1189
\onslide<2->{\node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};}
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1190
\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1191
\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1192
\onslide<2->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=9mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1193
\end{tikzpicture}\\
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1194
\end{center}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1195
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1196
\end{frame}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1197
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1198
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1199
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1200
\begin{frame}[c]
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1201
\frametitle{DFA Minimisation}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1202
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1203
\begin{enumerate}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1204
\item Take all pairs \bl{$(q, p)$} with \bl{$q \not= p$}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1205
\item Mark all pairs that accepting and non-accepting states
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1206
\item For  all unmarked pairs \bl{$(q, p)$} and all characters \bl{$c$} test whether
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1207
\begin{center}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1208
\bl{$(\delta(q, c), \delta(p,c))$}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1209
\end{center} 
348
31e89128ccd2 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 346
diff changeset
  1210
are marked. If yes in at least one case, then also mark \bl{$(q, p)$}.
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1211
\item Repeat last step until no change.
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1212
\item All unmarked pairs can be merged.
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1213
\end{enumerate}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1214
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1215
\end{frame}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1216
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1217
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1218
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1219
\begin{frame}[c]
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1220
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1221
\begin{center}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1222
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1223
                             every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1224
\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1225
\node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1226
\node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1227
\node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1228
\node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1229
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1230
\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1231
\path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1232
\path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1233
\path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1234
\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1235
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1236
\path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1237
\path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1238
\end{tikzpicture}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1239
\end{center}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1240
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1241
\mbox{}\\[-20mm]\mbox{}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1242
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1243
\begin{center}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1244
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8,line width=0.8mm]
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1245
\draw (0,0) -- (4,0);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1246
\draw (0,1) -- (4,1);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1247
\draw (0,2) -- (3,2);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1248
\draw (0,3) -- (2,3);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1249
\draw (0,4) -- (1,4);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1250
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1251
\draw (0,0) -- (0, 4);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1252
\draw (1,0) -- (1, 4);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1253
\draw (2,0) -- (2, 3);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1254
\draw (3,0) -- (3, 2);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1255
\draw (4,0) -- (4, 1);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1256
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1257
\draw (0.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_0$}; 
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1258
\draw (1.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1259
\draw (2.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1260
\draw (3.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1261
 
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1262
\draw (-0.5, 3.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1263
\draw (-0.5, 2.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1264
\draw (-0.5, 1.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$}; 
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1265
\draw (-0.5, 0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_4$}; 
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1266
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1267
\draw (0.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1268
\draw (1.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1269
\draw (2.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1270
\draw (3.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$};
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1271
\end{tikzpicture}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1272
\end{center}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1273
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1274
\end{frame}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1275
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1276
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1277
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1278
\begin{frame}[c]
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1279
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1280
\begin{center}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1281
\begin{tabular}{@{\hspace{-8mm}}cc@{}}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1282
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1283
                             every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1284
\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1285
\node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1286
\node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1287
\node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1288
\node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1289
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1290
\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1291
\path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1292
\path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1293
\path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1294
\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1295
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1296
\path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1297
\path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1298
\end{tikzpicture}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1299
&
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1300
\raisebox{9mm}{\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.6,line width=0.8mm]
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1301
\draw (0,0) -- (4,0);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1302
\draw (0,1) -- (4,1);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1303
\draw (0,2) -- (3,2);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1304
\draw (0,3) -- (2,3);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1305
\draw (0,4) -- (1,4);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1306
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1307
\draw (0,0) -- (0, 4);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1308
\draw (1,0) -- (1, 4);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1309
\draw (2,0) -- (2, 3);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1310
\draw (3,0) -- (3, 2);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1311
\draw (4,0) -- (4, 1);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1312
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1313
\draw (0.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_0$}; 
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1314
\draw (1.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1315
\draw (2.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1316
\draw (3.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1317
 
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1318
\draw (-0.5, 3.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1319
\draw (-0.5, 2.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1320
\draw (-0.5, 1.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$}; 
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1321
\draw (-0.5, 0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_4$}; 
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1322
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1323
\draw (0.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1324
\draw (1.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1325
\draw (2.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1326
\draw (3.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$};
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1327
\draw (0.5,1.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1328
\draw (2.5,1.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1329
\draw (0.5,3.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1330
\draw (1.5,2.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1331
\end{tikzpicture}}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1332
\end{tabular}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1333
\end{center}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1334
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1335
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1336
\mbox{}\\[-20mm]\mbox{}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1337
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1338
\begin{center}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1339
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1340
                             every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1341
\node[state,initial]  (Q_02)  {$\mbox{Q}_{0, 2}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1342
\node[state] (Q_13) [right=of Q_02] {$\mbox{Q}_{1, 3}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1343
\node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_13] {$\mbox{Q}_{4\phantom{,0}}$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1344
\path[->] (Q_02) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_13);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1345
\path[->] (Q_13) edge [bend left] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_02);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1346
\path[->] (Q_02) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1347
\path[->] (Q_13) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1348
\path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1349
\end{tikzpicture}\\
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1350
minimal automaton
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1351
\end{center}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1352
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1353
\end{frame}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1354
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1355
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1356
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1357
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1358
\begin{frame}[c]
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1359
\frametitle{Alternatives}
573
711bbc480998 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 572
diff changeset
  1360
\mbox{}\\[-14mm]\mbox{}
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1361
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1362
\begin{center}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1363
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1364
                    every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1365
                    inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}]
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1366
\only<1>{\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1367
\only<2->{\node[state,accepting]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1368
\node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1369
\node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1370
\node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1371
\only<1>{\node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1372
\only<2->{\node[state, initial right] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};}
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1373
\only<1-2>{
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1374
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1375
\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1376
\path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1377
\path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1378
\path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1379
\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1380
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1381
\path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1382
\path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);}
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1383
\only<3->{
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1384
\path[<-] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1385
\path[<-] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1386
\path[<-] (Q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1387
\path[<-] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1388
\path[<-] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1389
\path[<-] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1390
\path[<-] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1391
\path[<-] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1392
\path[<-] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);}
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1393
\end{tikzpicture}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1394
\end{center}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1395
\mbox{}\\[-18mm]
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1396
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1397
\small
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1398
\begin{itemize}
573
711bbc480998 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 572
diff changeset
  1399
\item<1-> exchange initial / accepting states\\[-2mm]
711bbc480998 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 572
diff changeset
  1400
\item<2-> reverse all edges\\[-2mm]
711bbc480998 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 572
diff changeset
  1401
\item<3-> subset construction $\Rightarrow$ DFA\\[-2mm]
711bbc480998 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 572
diff changeset
  1402
\item<4-> remove dead states\\[-2mm]
711bbc480998 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 572
diff changeset
  1403
\item<5-> repeat once more 
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1404
          \onslide<6->{$\Rightarrow$ minimal DFA}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1405
\end{itemize}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1406
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1407
\end{frame}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1408
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1409
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1410
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1411
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1412
\begin{frame}[c]
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1413
\frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1414
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1415
\begin{center}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1416
\begin{tikzpicture}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1417
\node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1418
\node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1419
\node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1420
\onslide<1->{\node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1421
\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1422
\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1423
\onslide<1->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=9mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);}
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1424
\onslide<2->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge [bend left=45] (rexp);}
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1425
\end{tikzpicture}\\
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1426
\end{center}
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1427
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1428
\end{frame}
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1429
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1430
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1431
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1432
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1433
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1434
\begin{frame}<2>[c]
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1435
\frametitle{DFA to Rexp}
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1436
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1437
\begin{center}
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1438
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1439
                             every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1440
  \only<1>{\node[state, initial]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1441
  \only<2->{\node[state, initial,accepting]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1442
  \only<1>{\node[state]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1443
  \only<2->{\node[state,accepting]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1444
  \only<1>{\node[state, accepting] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1445
  \only<2->{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1446
  \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1447
                  (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1448
                  (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1449
                  (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1450
                  (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1451
                  (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ()
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1452
            ;
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1453
\end{tikzpicture}
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1454
\end{center}
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1455
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1456
\onslide<3>{How to get from a DFA to a regular expression?}
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1457
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1458
\end{frame}
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1459
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1460
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1461
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1462
\begin{frame}[c]
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1463
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1464
\begin{center}
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1465
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1466
                             every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
783
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1467
  \only<1->{\node[state, initial,accepting]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1468
  \only<1->{\node[state,accepting]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1469
  \only<1->{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1470
  \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1471
                  (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1472
                  (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1473
                  (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1474
                  (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1475
                  (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ()
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1476
            ;
139
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 138
diff changeset
  1477
\end{tikzpicture}
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1478
\end{center}\pause\bigskip
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1479
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1480
\onslide<2->{
445
e7d0157f0471 updated slides
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 348
diff changeset
  1481
You know how to solve since school days, no?
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1482
\begin{center}
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1483
\begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l}
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1484
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$2\, \mbox{Q}_0 + 3 \,\mbox{Q}_1 +  4\, \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1485
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$2 \,\mbox{Q}_0 + 3\, \mbox{Q}_1 + 1\, \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1486
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$1\, \mbox{Q}_0 + 5\, \mbox{Q}_1 + 2\, \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1487
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1488
\end{tabular}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1489
\end{center}
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1490
}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1491
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1492
\end{frame}
135
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1493
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1494
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1495
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1496
\begin{frame}[c]
72b686e1c974 added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 134
diff changeset
  1497
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1498
\begin{center}
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1499
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1500
                             every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1501
  \only<1->{\node[state, initial]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1502
  \only<1->{\node[state]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1503
  \only<1->{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1504
  \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1505
                  (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1506
                  (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1507
                  (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1508
                  (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1509
                  (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ()
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1510
            ;
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1511
\end{tikzpicture}
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1512
\end{center}\bigskip
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1513
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1514
\onslide<2->{
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1515
\begin{center}
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1516
\begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l}
650
3031e3379ea3 updated
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents: 574
diff changeset
  1517
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,b + \mbox{Q}_1\,b +  \mbox{Q}_2\,b + \ONE$}\\
515
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1518
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,a$}\\
3566c8175e63 updated
cu
parents: 500
diff changeset
  1519
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_1\,a + \mbox{Q}_2\,a$}\\
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1520
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1521
\end{tabular}
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1522
\end{center}
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1523
}
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1524
783
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1525
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1526
\only<3-9>{\small
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1527
\begin{textblock}{6}(1,0.8)
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1528
\begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1529
\begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1530
\multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{substitute \bl{$\mbox{Q}_1$} into \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} \& \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$}:}\\    
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1531
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,b + \mbox{Q}_0\,a\,b +  \mbox{Q}_2\,b + \ONE$}\\
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1532
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,a\,a + \mbox{Q}_2\,a$}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1533
\end{tabular}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1534
\end{bubble}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1535
\end{textblock}}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1536
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1537
\only<4-9>{\small
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1538
\begin{textblock}{6}(2,4.15)
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1539
\begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1540
\begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1541
\multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{simplifying \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$}:}\\    
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1542
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,(b + a\,b) + \mbox{Q}_2\,b + \ONE$}\\
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1543
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,a\,a + \mbox{Q}_2\,a$}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1544
\end{tabular}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1545
\end{bubble}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1546
\end{textblock}}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1547
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1548
\only<6-9>{\small
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1549
\begin{textblock}{6}(3,7.55)
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1550
\begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1551
\begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1552
  \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{Arden for \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$}:}\\    
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1553
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,(b + a\,b) + \mbox{Q}_2\,b + \ONE$}\\
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1554
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,a\,a\,(a^*)$}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1555
\end{tabular}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1556
\end{bubble}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1557
\end{textblock}}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1558
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1559
\only<7-9>{\small
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1560
\begin{textblock}{6}(4,10.9)
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1561
\begin{bubble}[7.5cm]
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1562
\begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1563
  \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{Substitute \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} and simplify:}\\    
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1564
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b) + \ONE$}\\
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1565
\end{tabular}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1566
\end{bubble}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1567
\end{textblock}}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1568
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1569
\only<8-9>{\small
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1570
\begin{textblock}{6}(5,13.4)
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1571
\begin{bubble}[7.5cm]
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1572
\begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1573
  \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{Arden again for \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$}:}\\    
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1574
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b)^*$}\\
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1575
\end{tabular}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1576
\end{bubble}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1577
\end{textblock}}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1578
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1579
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1580
\only<9-10>{\small
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1581
\begin{textblock}{6}(6,11.5)
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1582
\begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1583
\begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1584
\multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{Finally:}\\    
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1585
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b)^*$}\\
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1586
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b)^*\,a$}\\
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1587
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b)^*\,a\,a\,(a^*)$}\\
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1588
\end{tabular}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1589
\end{bubble}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1590
\end{textblock}}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1591
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1592
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1593
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1594
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1595
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1596
\only<5-6>{
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1597
\begin{textblock}{6}(0.7,11.9)
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1598
\begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1599
Arden's Lemma:
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1600
\begin{center}
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1601
If \bl{$q = q\,r + s$}\; then\; \bl{$q = s\, r^*$}
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1602
\end{center}
783
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1603
\end{bubble}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1604
\end{textblock}}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1605
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1606
\only<8>{
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1607
\begin{textblock}{6}(1.1,7.8)
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1608
\begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1609
Arden's Lemma:
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1610
\begin{center}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1611
If \bl{$q = q\,r + s$}\; then\; \bl{$q = s\, r^*$}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1612
\end{center}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1613
\end{bubble}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1614
\end{textblock}}
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1615
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1616
\end{frame}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1617
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1618
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1619
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1620
\begin{frame}[c]
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1621
\frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1622
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1623
\begin{center}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1624
\begin{tikzpicture}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1625
\node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1626
\node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1627
\node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1628
\onslide<1->{\node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1629
\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1630
\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1631
\onslide<1->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=9mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1632
\onslide<1->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge [bend left=45] (rexp);}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1633
\end{tikzpicture}\\
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1634
\end{center}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1635
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1636
\end{frame}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1637
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1638
941
66adcae6c762 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 940
diff changeset
  1639
{
66adcae6c762 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 940
diff changeset
  1640
\setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
66adcae6c762 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 940
diff changeset
  1641
\begin{frame}<1-10>[c]
66adcae6c762 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 940
diff changeset
  1642
\end{frame}
66adcae6c762 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 940
diff changeset
  1643
}
66adcae6c762 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 940
diff changeset
  1644
66adcae6c762 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 940
diff changeset
  1645
346
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1646
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1647
\begin{frame}[c]
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1648
\frametitle{Regular Languages (3)}
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1649
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1650
A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a regular
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1651
expression that recognises all its strings.\bigskip\medskip
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1652
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1653
or {\bf equivalently}\bigskip\medskip
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1654
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1655
A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1656
deterministic finite automaton that recognises all its
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1657
strings.\bigskip\medskip\pause
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1658
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1659
Why is every finite set of strings a regular language?
a98794b11ac4 updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 265
diff changeset
  1660
\end{frame}
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1661
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1662
1010
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1663
 
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1664
265
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1665
332fbe9c91ab added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 215
diff changeset
  1666
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
783
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1667
%\begin{frame}[c]
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1668
%
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1669
%Given the function 
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1670
%
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1671
%\begin{center}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1672
%\bl{\begin{tabular}{r@{\hspace{1mm}}c@{\hspace{1mm}}l}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1673
%$rev(\ZERO)$   & $\dn$ & $\ZERO$\\
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1674
%$rev(\ONE)$         & $\dn$ & $\ONE$\\
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1675
%$rev(c)$                      & $\dn$ & $c$\\
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1676
%$rev(r_1 + r_2)$        & $\dn$ & $rev(r_1) + rev(r_2)$\\
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1677
%$rev(r_1 \cdot r_2)$  & $\dn$ & $rev(r_2) \cdot rev(r_1)$\\
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1678
%$rev(r^*)$                   & $\dn$ & $rev(r)^*$\\
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1679
%\end{tabular}}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1680
%\end{center}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1681
%
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1682
%
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1683
%and the set
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1684
%
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1685
%\begin{center}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1686
%\bl{$Rev\,A \dn \{s^{-1} \;|\; s \in A\}$}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1687
%\end{center}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1688
%
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1689
%prove whether
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1690
%
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1691
%\begin{center}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1692
%\bl{$L(rev(r)) = Rev (L(r))$}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1693
%\end{center}
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1694
%
06cbaaad3ba8 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 782
diff changeset
  1695
%\end{frame}
133
09efdf5cf07c updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents: 93
diff changeset
  1696
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
25
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents:
diff changeset
  1697
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents:
diff changeset
  1698
743
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1699
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1700
\begin{frame}[c]
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1701
\frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1702
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1703
\begin{center}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1704
\begin{tikzpicture}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1705
\node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1706
\node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1707
\node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1708
\node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1709
\path[->,red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] 
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1710
     {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1711
\path[->,red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] 
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1712
     {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1713
\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=5mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1714
%%\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge [bend left=45] (rexp);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1715
\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge [bend left=45] node [below, black] {\begin{tabular}{l}Brzozowski's\\ method\end{tabular}} (rexp);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1716
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1717
\end{tikzpicture}\\
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1718
\end{center}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1719
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1720
\end{frame}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1721
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1722
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1723
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1724
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1725
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1726
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1727
% \begin{frame}[c]
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1728
% \frametitle{DFA to Rexp}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1729
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1730
% \begin{center}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1731
% \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1732
%                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1733
%                     draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1734
%   \node[state, initial]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$q_0$};
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1735
%   \node[state]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$q_1$};
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1736
%   \node[state, accepting] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$q_2$};
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1737
%   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1738
%             (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1739
%             (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1740
%             (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1741
%             (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1742
%             (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ();
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1743
% \end{tikzpicture}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1744
% \end{center}\bigskip
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1745
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1746
% \begin{center}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1747
% \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@{\hspace{7mm}}l}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1748
% \bl{$q_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\ONE + q_0\,b + q_1\,b +  q_2\,b$} & (start state)\\
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1749
% \bl{$q_1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$q_0\,a$}\\
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1750
% \bl{$q_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$q_1\,a + q_2\,a$}\\
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1751
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1752
% \end{tabular}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1753
% \end{center}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1754
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1755
% Arden's Lemma:
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1756
% \begin{center}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1757
% If \bl{$q = q\,r + s$}\; then\; \bl{$q = s\, r^*$}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1758
% \end{center}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1759
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1760
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1761
% \end{frame}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1762
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1763
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1764
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1765
% \begin{frame}[c]
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1766
% \frametitle{DFA Minimisation}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1767
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1768
% \begin{enumerate}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1769
% \item Take all pairs \bl{$(q, p)$} with \bl{$q \not= p$}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1770
% \item Mark all pairs that accepting and non-accepting states
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1771
% \item For  all unmarked pairs \bl{$(q, p)$} and all characters \bl{$c$} test whether
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1772
% \begin{center}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1773
% \bl{$(\delta(q, c), \delta(p,c))$}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1774
% \end{center} 
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1775
% are marked. If yes, then also mark \bl{$(q, p)$}.
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1776
% \item Repeat last step until no change.
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1777
% \item All unmarked pairs can be merged.
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1778
% \end{enumerate}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1779
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1780
% \end{frame}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1781
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1782
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1783
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1784
% \begin{frame}[c]
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1785
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1786
% \begin{center}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1787
% \begin{tabular}{@{\hspace{-8mm}}cc@{}}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1788
% \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1789
%                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1790
% \node[state,initial]  (q_0)  {$q_0$};
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1791
% \node[state] (q_1) [right=of q_0] {$q_1$};
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1792
% \node[state] (q_2) [below right=of q_0] {$q_2$};
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1793
% \node[state] (q_3) [right=of q_2] {$q_3$};
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1794
% \node[state, accepting] (q_4) [right=of q_1] {$q_4$};
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1795
% \path[->] (q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_1);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1796
% \path[->] (q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_4);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1797
% \path[->] (q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1798
% \path[->] (q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_4);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1799
% \path[->] (q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_3);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1800
% \path[->] (q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (q_2);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1801
% \path[->] (q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q_2);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1802
% \path[->] (q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1803
% \path[->] (q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (q_0);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1804
% \end{tikzpicture}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1805
% &
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1806
% \raisebox{9mm}{\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.6,line width=0.8mm]
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1807
% \draw (0,0) -- (4,0);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1808
% \draw (0,1) -- (4,1);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1809
% \draw (0,2) -- (3,2);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1810
% \draw (0,3) -- (2,3);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1811
% \draw (0,4) -- (1,4);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1812
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1813
% \draw (0,0) -- (0, 4);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1814
% \draw (1,0) -- (1, 4);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1815
% \draw (2,0) -- (2, 3);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1816
% \draw (3,0) -- (3, 2);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1817
% \draw (4,0) -- (4, 1);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1818
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1819
% \draw (0.5,-0.5) node {$q_0$}; 
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1820
% \draw (1.5,-0.5) node {$q_1$}; 
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1821
% \draw (2.5,-0.5) node {$q_2$}; 
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1822
% \draw (3.5,-0.5) node {$q_3$};
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1823
 
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1824
% \draw (-0.5, 3.5) node {$q_1$}; 
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1825
% \draw (-0.5, 2.5) node {$q_2$}; 
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1826
% \draw (-0.5, 1.5) node {$q_3$}; 
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1827
% \draw (-0.5, 0.5) node {$q_4$}; 
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1828
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1829
% \draw (0.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1830
% \draw (1.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1831
% \draw (2.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1832
% \draw (3.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$};
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1833
% \draw (0.5,1.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1834
% \draw (2.5,1.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1835
% \draw (0.5,3.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1836
% \draw (1.5,2.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1837
% \end{tikzpicture}}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1838
% \end{tabular}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1839
% \end{center}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1840
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1841
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1842
% \mbox{}\\[-20mm]\mbox{}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1843
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1844
% \begin{center}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1845
% \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1846
%                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1847
% \node[state,initial]  (q_02)  {$q_{0, 2}$};
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1848
% \node[state] (q_13) [right=of q_02] {$q_{1, 3}$};
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1849
% \node[state, accepting] (q_4) [right=of q_13] {$q_{4\phantom{,0}}$};
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1850
% \path[->] (q_02) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_13);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1851
% \path[->] (q_13) edge [bend left] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (q_02);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1852
% \path[->] (q_02) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1853
% \path[->] (q_13) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_4);
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1854
% \path[->] (q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1855
% \end{tikzpicture}\\
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1856
% minimal automaton
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1857
% \end{center}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1858
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1859
% \end{frame}
967
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  1860
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  1861
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  1862
743
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1863
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1864
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1865
\begin{frame}[c]
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1866
\frametitle{Regular Languages}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1867
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1868
Two equivalent definitions:\bigskip
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1869
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1870
\begin{quote}\rm A language is \alert{regular} iff there exists a
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1871
regular expression that recognises all its strings.
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1872
\end{quote}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1873
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1874
\begin{quote}\rm A language is \alert{regular} iff there exists an
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1875
automaton that recognises all its strings.
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1876
\end{quote}\bigskip\bigskip
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1877
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1878
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1879
\small
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1880
for example \bl{$a^nb^n$} is not regular
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1881
\end{frame}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1882
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1883
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1884
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1885
\begin{frame}[c]
1010
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1886
\frametitle{Hierarchy of Languages}
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1887
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1888
\begin{center}
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1889
\begin{tikzpicture}
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1890
[rect/.style={draw=black!50, 
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1891
              top color=white,
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1892
              bottom color=black!20, 
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1893
              rectangle, 
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1894
              very thick, 
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1895
              rounded corners}, scale=1.2]
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1896
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1897
\draw (0,0) node [rect, text depth=39mm, text width=68mm] {all languages};
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1898
\draw (0,-0.4) node [rect, text depth=28.5mm, text width=64mm] {decidable languages};
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1899
\draw (0,-0.85) node [rect, text depth=17mm] {context sensitive languages};
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1900
\draw (0,-1.14) node [rect, text depth=9mm, text width=50mm] {context-free languages};
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1901
\draw (0,-1.4) node [rect] {regular languages};
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1902
\end{tikzpicture}
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1903
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1904
\end{center}
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1905
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1906
\end{frame}
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1907
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1908
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1909
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
ae9ffbf979ff updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 1009
diff changeset
  1910
\begin{frame}[c]
743
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1911
\frametitle{Negation}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1912
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1913
Regular languages are closed under negation:\bigskip
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1914
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1915
\begin{center}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1916
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1917
                    every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1918
                    draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}]
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1919
  \only<1>{\node[state,initial] (q0) at ( 0,1) {$q_0$};}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1920
  \only<2>{\node[state,initial,accepting] (q0) at ( 0,1) {$q_0$};}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1921
  \only<1>{\node[state] (q1) at ( 1,1) {$q_1$};}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1922
  \only<2>{\node[state,accepting] (q1) at ( 1,1) {$q_1$};}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1923
  \only<1>{\node[state, accepting] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$q_2$};}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1924
  \only<2>{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$q_2$};}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1925
  \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1926
            (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1927
            (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1928
            (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1929
            (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1930
            (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ();
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1931
\end{tikzpicture}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1932
\end{center}\bigskip\bigskip
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1933
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1934
But requires that the automaton is \alert{completed}!
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1935
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1936
\end{frame}
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1937
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
6acabeecdf75 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 662
diff changeset
  1938
891
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1939
{
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1940
\setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1941
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1942
\begin{frame}[c]
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1943
  \frametitle{\boldmath{}$(a^*)^* \cdot b$}
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1944
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1945
\begin{center}
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1946
\begin{tikzpicture}
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1947
  \begin{axis}[
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1948
    xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1949
    %%x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1950
    ylabel={time in secs},
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1951
    enlargelimits=false,
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1952
    xtick={0,15,...,30},
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1953
    xmax=33,
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1954
    ymax=35,
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1955
    ytick={0,5,...,30},
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1956
    scaled ticks=false,
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1957
    axis lines=left,
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1958
    width=9cm,
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1959
    height=6cm, 
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1960
    legend entries={Java 8,Python,JavaScript,Swift,Dart},  
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1961
    legend pos=outer north east,
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1962
    legend cell align=left]
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1963
\addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1964
\addplot[cyan,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-java.data};
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1965
\addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-js.data};
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1966
\addplot[magenta,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-swift.data};
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1967
\addplot[brown,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-dart.data};
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1968
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1969
%\addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfadepth2.data};	
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1970
\end{axis}
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1971
\end{tikzpicture}
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1972
\end{center}
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1973
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1974
\end{frame}}
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1975
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1976
967
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  1977
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  1978
891
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1979
\begin{frame}<1-3>[c]
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1980
\end{frame}  
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  1981
889
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  1982
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  1983
{
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  1984
\setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  1985
\begin{frame}[c]
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  1986
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  1987
\begin{center}
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  1988
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.5,>=stealth',very thick,
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  1989
                    every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  1990
                    draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}]
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  1991
  \node[state,initial]   (q0) at (0,2) {$q_0$};
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  1992
  \node[state,accepting] (q1) at (2,2) {$q_1$};
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  1993
  \node[state]           (q2) at (0,0) {$q_2$};
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  1994
  \node[state]           (q3) at (2,0) {$q_3$};
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  1995
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  1996
  \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  1997
            (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q0)
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  1998
            (q2) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q3)
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  1999
            (q3) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  2000
            (q0) edge[bend left] node[right] {\alert{$b$}} (q2)
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  2001
            (q2) edge[bend left] node[left]  {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  2002
            (q1) edge[bend left] node[right] {\alert{$b$}} (q3)
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  2003
            (q3) edge[bend left] node[left]  {\alert{$b$}} (q1);
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  2004
\end{tikzpicture}
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  2005
\end{center}
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  2006
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  2007
\hfill{}Which language?
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  2008
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  2009
\end{frame}
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  2010
}
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  2011
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  2012
00c1c3408c93 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 871
diff changeset
  2013
967
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2014
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2015
\begin{frame}[c]
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2016
\frametitle{\mbox{CW1: Regexes and \boldmath$L$-function}}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2017
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2018
Given 
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2019
\begin{center}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2020
\begin{tabular}{@ {}l@ {\hspace{20mm}}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}l}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2021
\bl{$r^+$}        & \bl{$L(r^+)$}         & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\bigcup_{1\le i}.\;L(r)^i$}\\
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2022
\bl{$r^?$}        & \bl{$L(r^?)$}         & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$L(r) \cup \{[]\}$}\\  
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2023
\bl{$r_1 \,\&\, r_2$} &  \bl{$L(r_1 \& r_2)$} &  \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$L(r_1) \cap L(r_2)$} \\
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2024
\bl{$r^{\{n\}}$}   & \bl{$L(r^{\{n\}})$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$L(r)^n$}\\
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2025
\bl{$r^{\{..m\}}$}   & \bl{$L(r^{\{..m\}})$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\bigcup_{0\le i \le m}.\;L(r)^i$}\\
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2026
\bl{$r^{\{n..\}}$}   & \bl{$L(r^{\{n..\}})$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\bigcup_{n\le i}.\;L(r)^i$}\\
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2027
\bl{$r^{\{n..m\}}$}   & \bl{$L(r^{\{n..m\}})$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\bigcup_{n\le i \le m}.\;L(r)^i$}\\      
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2028
\bl{$\sim{}r$}   & \bl{$L(\sim{}r)$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\Sigma^* - L(r)$}\\      
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2029
\end{tabular}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2030
\end{center}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2031
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2032
\end{frame}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2033
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2034
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2035
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2036
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2037
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2038
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2039
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2040
\begin{frame}[c]
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2041
\frametitle{Nullable}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2042
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2043
\begin{center}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2044
\begin{tabular}{@ {}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@ {}}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2045
\bl{$nullable(r^+)$}    & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$nullable(r)$}\\
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2046
\bl{$nullable(r^?)$}       & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{true}}\\
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2047
\bl{$nullable(r_1 \,\&\, r_2)$}  & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$nullable(r_1) \wedge nullable(r_2)$}\\
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2048
\bl{$nullable(r^{\{n\}})$}     & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} \textit{true} \textit{else} $nullable(r)$} \\ 
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2049
\bl{$nullable(r^{\{..m\}})$} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{true}} \\
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2050
\bl{$nullable (r^{\{n..\}})$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} \textit{true} \textit{else} $nullable(r)$}\\
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2051
\bl{$nullable (r^{\{n..m\}})$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} \textit{true} \textit{else} $nullable(r)$}\\  
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2052
\bl{$nullable (\sim{}r)$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$!\,nullable(r)$}\\
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2053
\end{tabular}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2054
\end{center}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2055
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2056
\end{frame}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2057
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2058
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2059
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2060
\begin{frame}[c]
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2061
\frametitle{Derivative}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2062
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2063
\begin{center}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2064
\begin{tabular}{@ {}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@ {}}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2065
\bl{$der\,c\,(r^+)$}    & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^*$}\\
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2066
\bl{$der\,c\,(r^?)$}       & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$der\,c\,r$}\\
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2067
\bl{$der\,c\,(r_1 \,\&\, r_2)$}  & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$(der\,c\,r_1) \;\&\; (der\,c\,r_2)$}\\
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2068
\bl{$der\,c\,(r^{\{n\}})$}     & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} $\ZERO$ \textit{else} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{n - 1\}}$} \\ 
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2069
\bl{$der\,c\,(r^{\{..m\}})$} & \bl{$\dn$} &  \bl{\textit{if} $m = 0$ \textit{then} $\ZERO$ \textit{else} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{..m - 1\}}$}\\
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2070
\bl{$der\,c\,(r^{\{n..\}})$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^*$ \textit{else} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{n - 1..\}}$}\\
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2071
  \bl{$der\,c\,(r^{\{n..m\}})$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0 \wedge m = 0$ \textit{then} $\ZERO$ \textit{else}}\\
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2072
                        &            & \bl{\textit{if} $ n = 0$ \textit{then} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{..m-1\}}$
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2073
                                       \textit{else} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{n-1..m-1\}}$}\\  
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2074
\bl{$der\,c\,(\sim{}r)$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\sim\,(der\,c\,r)$}\\
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2075
\end{tabular}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2076
\end{center}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2077
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2078
\end{frame}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2079
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2080
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2081
781
bae72c598afd updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 779
diff changeset
  2082
847
da2320360f12 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 784
diff changeset
  2083
\begin{frame}<1-15>[c]
da2320360f12 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 784
diff changeset
  2084
781
bae72c598afd updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 779
diff changeset
  2085
\end{frame}
bae72c598afd updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 779
diff changeset
  2086
967
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2087
% \begin{frame}[t]
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2088
% \begin{mybox3}{}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2089
%   I always thought dfa's needed a transition for each state for each
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2090
%   character, and if not it would be an nfa not a dfa. Is there an
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2091
%   example that disproves this?
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2092
% \end{mybox3}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2093
% \end{frame}
781
bae72c598afd updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 779
diff changeset
  2094
967
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2095
% \begin{frame}<1-12>[c]
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2096
% \end{frame}
781
bae72c598afd updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 779
diff changeset
  2097
967
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2098
% \begin{frame}[t]
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2099
% \begin{mybox3}{}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2100
%   Do the regular expression matchers in Python and Java 8 have more
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2101
%   features than the one implemented in this module? Or is there
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2102
%   another reason for their inefficiency?
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2103
% \end{mybox3}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2104
% \end{frame}
782
a26a20acd1c2 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 781
diff changeset
  2105
891
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  2106
967
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2107
% \begin{frame}[c]
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2108
%   \begin{itemize}
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2109
%   \item CW / censored some msgs 
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2110
%   \item power law / proof
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2111
%   \item CW feedback
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2112
%   \item too polished CW submissions
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2113
%   \item no open book  
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2114
%   \end{itemize}  
ce5de01b9632 updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 941
diff changeset
  2115
% \end{frame}
891
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  2116
00ffcd796ffb updated
Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
parents: 889
diff changeset
  2117
25
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents:
diff changeset
  2118
\end{document}
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents:
diff changeset
  2119
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents:
diff changeset
  2120
%%% Local Variables:  
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents:
diff changeset
  2121
%%% mode: latex
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents:
diff changeset
  2122
%%% TeX-master: t
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents:
diff changeset
  2123
%%% End: 
Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de>
parents:
diff changeset
  2124