| author | Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk> | 
| Sat, 11 Oct 2025 08:33:35 +0100 | |
| changeset 1006 | 674d1258a2fb | 
| parent 976 | 4be299d9b41b | 
| child 1008 | 7431e391682f | 
| permissions | -rw-r--r-- | 
| 651 | 1 | % !TEX program = xelatex | 
| 743 | 2 | \documentclass[dvipsnames,14pt,t,xelatex,aspectratio=169,xcolor={table}]{beamer}
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changeset | 3 | \usepackage{../slides}
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| 871 | 4 | \usepackage{../graphicss}
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changeset | 5 | \usepackage{../langs}
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changeset | 6 | \usepackage{../data}
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| 25 | 7 | |
| 781 | 8 | \usepackage{tcolorbox}
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| 9 | \newtcolorbox{mybox}{colback=red!5!white,colframe=red!75!black}
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| 10 | \newtcolorbox{mybox2}[1]{colback=red!5!white,colframe=red!75!black,fonttitle=\bfseries,title=#1}
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| 11 | \newtcolorbox{mybox3}[1]{colback=Cyan!5!white,colframe=Cyan!75!black,fonttitle=\bfseries,title=#1}
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| 12 | ||
| 13 | ||
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changeset | 14 | \hfuzz=220pt | 
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changeset | 15 | |
| 781 | 16 | \pgfplotsset{compat=1.17}
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changeset | 18 | \newcommand{\bl}[1]{\textcolor{blue}{#1}}  
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| 25 | 19 | |
| 20 | % beamer stuff | |
| 445 | 21 | \renewcommand{\slidecaption}{CFL 03, King's College London}
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| 25 | 22 | |
| 23 | \begin{document}
 | |
| 24 | ||
| 25 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
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changeset | 26 | \begin{frame}[t]
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| 25 | 27 | \frametitle{%
 | 
| 28 |   \begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}
 | |
| 29 | \\[-3mm] | |
| 889 | 30 | \LARGE Compilers and \\[-1mm] | 
| 31 | \LARGE Formal Languages\\[-5mm] | |
| 25 | 32 |   \end{tabular}}
 | 
| 33 | ||
| 651 | 34 | \normalsize | 
| 25 | 35 |   \begin{center}
 | 
| 651 | 36 |   \begin{tabular}{ll}
 | 
| 966 | 37 | Email: & christian.urban at kcl.ac.uk\\ | 
| 1006 | 38 | Office Hour: & Friday 11:30 -- 12:30\\ | 
| 889 | 39 | Location: & N7.07 (North Wing, Bush House)\\ | 
| 40 | Slides \& Progs: & KEATS\\ | |
| 41 |   Pollev: & \texttt{\alert{https://pollev.com/cfltutoratki576}}\\  
 | |
| 25 | 42 |   \end{tabular}
 | 
| 889 | 43 |   \end{center}
 | 
| 743 | 44 | |
| 45 |   \begin{center}
 | |
| 46 |     \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 47 | \node[drop shadow,fill=white,inner sep=0pt] | |
| 48 |       {\footnotesize\rowcolors{1}{capri!10}{white}
 | |
| 49 |         \begin{tabular}{|p{4.8cm}|p{4.8cm}|}\hline
 | |
| 50 | 1 Introduction, Languages & 6 While-Language \\ | |
| 51 | 2 Regular Expressions, Derivatives & 7 Compilation, JVM \\ | |
| 52 |           \cellcolor{blue!50}
 | |
| 53 | 3 Automata, Regular Languages & 8 Compiling Functional Languages \\ | |
| 54 | 4 Lexing, Tokenising & 9 Optimisations \\ | |
| 55 | 5 Grammars, Parsing & 10 LLVM \\ \hline | |
| 56 |         \end{tabular}%
 | |
| 57 | }; | |
| 58 |     \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 25 | 59 |   \end{center}
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| 60 | ||
| 1006 | 61 | \begin{textblock}{5}(12,3)
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| 62 |   \includegraphics[scale=0.35]{qr01}\\
 | |
| 63 |   \small{}Wifi: \\
 | |
| 64 |   \small{}Pwd:
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| 65 |   \end{textblock} 
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changeset | 66 | \end{frame}
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| 445 | 67 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 68 | ||
| 966 | 69 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 70 | {
 | |
| 71 | \setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
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| 72 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 73 | \frametitle{For Installation Problems}
 | |
| 74 | ||
| 75 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 76 | \item Harry Dilnot (harry.dilnot@kcl.ac.uk) \\ | |
| 77 | \;\;Windows expert | |
| 78 | \item Oliver Iliffe (oliver.iliffe@kcl.ac.uk) | |
| 79 | \end{itemize}
 | |
| 80 | ||
| 81 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 82 | } | |
| 83 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 84 | ||
| 85 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 86 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 87 | ||
| 88 | \begin{mybox3}{From Pollev last week}\it    
 | |
| 89 | Is the equivalence of two regexes belong in the P or NP class of problems? | |
| 90 | \end{mybox3}  
 | |
| 91 | ||
| 92 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 93 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 94 | ||
| 95 | ||
| 96 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 97 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 98 | ||
| 99 | \begin{mybox3}{From Pollev last week}\it    
 | |
| 100 | If state machines are not efficient, then how/why do many lexer | |
| 101 | packages like the logos crate in rust compile down a lexer | |
| 102 | definition down to a jump table driven state machine? | |
| 103 |   \textcolor{gray}{Could we
 | |
| 104 | achieve quicker lexing with things like SIMD instructions?} | |
| 105 | \end{mybox3}  
 | |
| 106 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 107 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 108 | ||
| 109 | ||
| 110 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 111 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 971 | 112 | %%\frametitle{\boldmath$(abcdef)^{\{n\}}$ in Rust and Scala}
 | 
| 966 | 113 | |
| 114 | \begin{textblock}{14}(1,3)
 | |
| 115 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 116 | \begin{axis}[
 | |
| 971 | 117 |     xlabel={\bl{n} copies of \bl{\texttt{"}abcdef\texttt{"}}}, 
 | 
| 966 | 118 |     x label style={at={(0.45,-0.16)}},
 | 
| 119 |     ylabel={time in secs},
 | |
| 120 | enlargelimits=false, | |
| 121 |     ytick={0,10,...,60},
 | |
| 122 | ymax=65, | |
| 123 | xmax=50000, | |
| 124 |     xtick={0,10000,...,40000},
 | |
| 125 | scaled ticks=false, | |
| 126 | axis lines=left, | |
| 127 | width=10cm, | |
| 128 | height=6cm, | |
| 129 |     legend entries={Rust, Scala V3},
 | |
| 971 | 130 |     legend style={font=\small,at={(1.0,0.48)},anchor=north},
 | 
| 966 | 131 | legend cell align=left] | 
| 132 |     \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-rust2.data};
 | |
| 133 |     \only<2>{\addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-scala2.data};}
 | |
| 134 | \end{axis}
 | |
| 135 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 136 | \end{textblock}
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| 137 | ||
| 971 | 138 | \begin{textblock}{9}(1.8,1.8)
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| 139 | {Regular expression: \bl{\texttt{(abcdef)$^{\{\textrm{n}\}}$}}}
 | |
| 140 | \end{textblock}
 | |
| 141 | ||
| 142 | \begin{textblock}{6}(10.5,11.4)
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| 143 | {\bl{$n$}}
 | |
| 144 | \end{textblock}
 | |
| 145 | ||
| 966 | 146 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 147 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 148 | ||
| 971 | 149 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 150 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 151 | %%\frametitle{\boldmath$(abcdef)^{\{n\}}$ in Rust and Scala}
 | |
| 152 | ||
| 153 | \begin{textblock}{14}(1,3)
 | |
| 154 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 155 | \begin{axis}[
 | |
| 156 |     xlabel={strings of the form \bl{$\underbrace{\texttt{a}...\texttt{a}}_n$}}, 
 | |
| 157 |     x label style={at={(0.45,-0.16)}},
 | |
| 158 |     ylabel={time in secs},
 | |
| 159 | enlargelimits=false, | |
| 160 |     xtick={0,5,10,...,30},
 | |
| 161 | xmax=35, | |
| 162 | ymax=35, | |
| 163 |     ytick={0,10,...,30},
 | |
| 164 | scaled ticks=false, | |
| 165 | axis lines=left, | |
| 166 | width=10cm, | |
| 167 | height=6cm, | |
| 168 |     legend entries={Python,JavaScript,Swift,Dart},
 | |
| 169 |     legend style={font=\small,at={(1.15,0.78)},anchor=north},
 | |
| 170 | legend cell align=left] | |
| 171 |     \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
 | |
| 172 |     \addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-js.data};
 | |
| 173 |     \addplot[magenta,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-swift.data};
 | |
| 174 |     \addplot[brown,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-dart.data};
 | |
| 175 | ||
| 176 | \end{axis}
 | |
| 177 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 178 | \end{textblock}
 | |
| 179 | ||
| 180 | \begin{textblock}{6}(1.8,1.8)
 | |
| 181 | {Regular expression: \bl{\texttt{(a*)*$\,$b}}}
 | |
| 182 | \end{textblock}
 | |
| 183 | ||
| 184 | \begin{textblock}{6}(10.5,11.4)
 | |
| 185 | {\bl{$n$}}
 | |
| 186 | \end{textblock}
 | |
| 187 | ||
| 188 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 189 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 190 | ||
| 191 | % @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ | |
| 976 | 192 | %\end{document}
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| 971 | 193 | % @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ | 
| 194 | ||
| 966 | 195 | |
| 196 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 197 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 198 | ||
| 199 | \begin{mybox3}{From Pollev last week}\it    
 | |
| 200 | For a regular expression $r = r_1 \cdot r_2$, to prove that | |
| 201 |   $der\;c\;r = (der\;c\;r) \cdot r^{\{n-1\}}$, is there a
 | |
| 202 | way to prove it in the general case instead | |
| 203 | of how you do the calculations for each $n$ in the videos? | |
| 204 | \end{mybox3}  
 | |
| 205 | ||
| 206 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 207 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 208 | ||
| 209 | ||
| 210 | ||
| 940 | 211 | {
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| 212 | \setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
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| 213 | \begin{frame}<1-10>[c]
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| 214 | \end{frame}
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| 215 | } | |
| 216 | ||
| 217 | ||
| 218 | ||
| 219 | ||
| 445 | 220 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 776 | 221 | %\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 222 | %\frametitle{Scala Book, Exams}
 | |
| 223 | % | |
| 224 | %\begin{itemize}
 | |
| 225 | %\item \small https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/ProgInScala2ed.pdf\normalsize | |
| 226 | %\item homework (written exam 80\%) | |
| 227 | %\item coursework (20\%)\bigskip | |
| 228 | %\item short survey at KEATS; to be answered until Sunday | |
| 229 | %\end{itemize}
 | |
| 445 | 230 | |
| 776 | 231 | %\end{frame}
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| 445 | 232 | %%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 25 | 233 | |
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changeset | 236 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 25 | 237 | \begin{frame}[t]
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| 651 | 238 | \frametitle{(Basic) Regular Expressions}
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| 25 | 239 | |
| 240 | \begin{center}
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changeset | 241 |    \begin{tabular}{@ {}rrl@ {\hspace{13mm}}l}
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| 515 | 242 |   \bl{$r$} & \bl{$::=$}  & \bl{$\ZERO$}  & nothing\\
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| 445 | 243 |          & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$\ONE$}        & empty string / "" / $[]$\\
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changeset | 244 |          & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$c$}                         & character\\
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changeset | 245 |          & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r_1 \cdot r_2$} & sequence\\
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changeset | 246 |          & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r_1 + r_2$}  & alternative / choice\\
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changeset | 247 |          & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r^*$}                   & star (zero or more)\\
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changeset | 248 |   \end{tabular}
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| 25 | 249 |   \end{center}
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changeset | 250 | |
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changeset | 251 | How about ranges \bl{$[a\mbox{-}z]$}, \bl{$r^+$} and \bl{$\sim{}r$}? Do they increase the
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changeset | 252 | set of languages we can recognise? | 
| 25 | 253 | |
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changeset | 254 | \end{frame}
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| 25 | 255 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 256 | ||
| 257 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 776 | 258 | \begin{frame}[t]
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changeset | 259 | \frametitle{Negation}
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changeset | 260 | |
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changeset | 261 | Assume you have an alphabet consisting of the letters \bl{$a$}, \bl{$b$} and \bl{$c$} only.
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changeset | 262 | Find a (basic!) regular expression that matches all strings \emph{\alert{except}} 
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changeset | 263 | \bl{$ab$} and \bl{$ac$}!
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changeset | 264 | |
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changeset | 265 | \end{frame}
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changeset | 266 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 267 | |
| 25 | 268 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 573 | 269 | \begin{frame}[t]
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changeset | 270 | \frametitle{Automata}
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| 25 | 271 | |
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changeset | 272 | A \alert{\bf deterministic finite automaton}, DFA, consists of:
 | 
| 25 | 273 | |
| 274 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 515 | 275 | \item an alphabet \bl{$\varSigma$}  
 | 
| 574 | 276 | \item a set of states \bl{$\mbox{Qs}$}
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| 515 | 277 | \item one of these states is the start state \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$}
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changeset | 278 | \item some states are accepting states \bl{$F$}, and
 | 
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changeset | 279 | \item there is transition function \bl{$\delta$}\bigskip 
 | 
| 25 | 280 | |
| 281 | \small | |
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changeset | 282 | which takes a state as argument and a character and produces a | 
| 515 | 283 | new state; this function might not be everywhere defined $\Rightarrow$ partial function | 
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changeset | 284 | \end{itemize}
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changeset | 286 | \begin{center}
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| 574 | 287 | \bl{$A(\varSigma, \mbox{Qs}, \mbox{Q}_0, F, \delta)$}
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changeset | 288 | \end{center}
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changeset | 290 | \end{frame}
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changeset | 291 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 294 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 295 | \begin{frame}[c]
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changeset | 297 | \begin{center}
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changeset | 298 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 573 | 299 |   every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,
 | 
| 300 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},] | |
| 515 | 301 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
| 302 | \node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 303 | \node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 304 | \node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 305 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};
 | |
| 306 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 307 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 308 | \path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 309 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 310 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | |
| 311 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 312 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 313 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 314 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);
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changeset | 315 | \end{tikzpicture}
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changeset | 316 | \end{center}
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changeset | 317 | |
| 573 | 318 | \mbox{}\\[-14mm]
 | 
| 319 | \only<1>{
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changeset | 320 | \begin{itemize}
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changeset | 321 | \item the start state can be an accepting state | 
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changeset | 322 | \item it is possible that there is no accepting state | 
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changeset | 323 | \item all states might be accepting (but this does not necessarily mean all strings are accepted) | 
| 573 | 324 | \end{itemize}}
 | 
| 325 | \only<2>{
 | |
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changeset | 326 | for this automaton \bl{$\delta$} is the function\\
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changeset | 327 | |
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changeset | 328 | \begin{center}
 | 
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changeset | 329 | \begin{tabular}{lll}
 | 
| 515 | 330 |   \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_0, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_4$}
 | 
| 331 |   & \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_4, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_4$}\\
 | |
| 332 |   \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_0, b) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, b) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_2$} &
 | |
| 333 |   \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_4, b) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_4$}\\
 | |
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changeset | 334 | \end{tabular}\ldots
 | 
| 573 | 335 | \end{center}  
 | 
| 336 | } | |
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changeset | 337 | |
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changeset | 338 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 339 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 340 | |
| 573 | 341 | |
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changeset | 342 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 343 | \begin{frame}[t]
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changeset | 344 | \frametitle{Accepting a String}
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changeset | 345 | |
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changeset | 346 | Given | 
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changeset | 347 | |
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changeset | 348 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 574 | 349 | \bl{$A(\varSigma, \mbox{Qs}, \mbox{Q}_0, F, \delta)$}
 | 
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changeset | 350 | \end{center}
 | 
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changeset | 351 | |
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changeset | 352 | you can define | 
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changeset | 353 | |
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changeset | 354 | \begin{center}
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changeset | 355 | \begin{tabular}{l}
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| 778 | 356 | \bl{$\widehat{\delta}(Q, []) \dn Q$}\\
 | 
| 357 | \bl{$\widehat{\delta}(Q, c::s) \dn \widehat{\delta}(\delta(Q, c), s)$}\\
 | |
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changeset | 358 | \end{tabular}
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changeset | 359 | \end{center}\pause
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changeset | 360 | |
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changeset | 361 | Whether a string \bl{$s$} is accepted by \bl{$A$}?
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changeset | 362 | |
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changeset | 363 | \begin{center}
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| 517 | 364 | \hspace{5mm}\bl{$\widehat{\delta}(\mbox{Q}_0, s) \in F$}
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changeset | 365 | \end{center}
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changeset | 366 | \end{frame}
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changeset | 367 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 368 | |
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changeset | 369 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 370 | \begin{frame}[c]
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changeset | 371 | \frametitle{Regular Languages}
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changeset | 372 | |
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changeset | 373 | A \alert{\bf language} is a set of strings.\bigskip
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changeset | 374 | |
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changeset | 375 | A \alert{\bf regular expression} specifies a language.\bigskip
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changeset | 377 | A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists
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changeset | 378 | a regular expression that recognises all its strings.\bigskip\bigskip\pause | 
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changeset | 379 | |
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changeset | 380 | not all languages are regular, e.g.~\bl{$a^nb^n$} is not
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changeset | 381 | \end{frame}
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changeset | 382 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 383 | |
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changeset | 384 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 385 | \begin{frame}[c]
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changeset | 386 | \frametitle{Regular Languages (2)}
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changeset | 387 | |
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changeset | 388 | A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a regular
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changeset | 389 | expression that recognises all its strings.\bigskip\medskip | 
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changeset | 390 | |
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changeset | 391 | or {\bf equivalently}\bigskip\medskip
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changeset | 392 | |
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changeset | 393 | A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a
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changeset | 394 | deterministic finite automaton that recognises all its | 
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changeset | 395 | strings. | 
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changeset | 396 | |
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changeset | 397 | \end{frame}
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changeset | 398 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 399 | |
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changeset | 401 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 402 | \begin{frame}[c]
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changeset | 403 | \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}
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changeset | 404 | Non-Deterministic\\[-1mm] | 
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changeset | 405 |               Finite Automata\end{tabular}}
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changeset | 406 | |
| 779 | 407 | \bl{$N(\varSigma, \mbox{Qs}, \mbox{Qs}_0, F, \rho)$}\\
 | 
| 408 | A non-deterministic finite automaton (NFA) consists of: | |
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changeset | 409 | |
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changeset | 410 | \begin{itemize}
 | 
| 779 | 411 | \item a finite set of states, \bl{$Qs$}
 | 
| 412 | \item \underline{some} these states are the start states, \bl{$Qs_0$}
 | |
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changeset | 413 | \item some states are accepting states, and | 
| 779 | 414 | \item there is transition \alert{relation}, \bl{$\rho$}\medskip 
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changeset | 415 | \end{itemize}
 | 
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changeset | 416 | |
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changeset | 418 | \begin{center}
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changeset | 419 | \begin{tabular}{c}
 | 
| 515 | 420 | \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
 | 
| 421 | \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_3$}\\
 | |
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changeset | 422 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 515 | 423 | \bl{\ldots}
 | 
| 424 | \hspace{10mm}\pause
 | |
| 425 | \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \{\mbox{Q}_2, \mbox{Q}_3\}$}
 | |
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changeset | 426 | \end{center}
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changeset | 427 | |
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changeset | 428 | \end{frame}
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changeset | 429 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 430 | |
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changeset | 431 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 432 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 515 | 433 | \frametitle{An NFA Example}
 | 
| 434 | ||
| 435 | % A NFA for (ab* + b)*a | |
| 436 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 437 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick, auto,
 | |
| 438 |     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=3pt,
 | |
| 439 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},scale=2] | |
| 440 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | |
| 441 | \node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 442 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 443 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 444 | \path[<-] (Q_0) edge node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 445 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 446 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [bend right] node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 447 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a,b$}} ();
 | |
| 448 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node  [above] {\alert{$a$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 449 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 450 | \end{center}
 | |
| 451 | ||
| 452 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 453 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 454 | ||
| 455 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 456 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 574 | 457 | \frametitle{Another Example}
 | 
| 458 | ||
| 459 | For the regular expression \bl{$(.^*)a\,(.^{\{n\}})bc$}\bigskip\bigskip
 | |
| 460 | ||
| 461 | % \begin{center}
 | |
| 650 | 462 | \mbox{}\hspace{-11.5mm}
 | 
| 574 | 463 | 	\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick, auto,
 | 
| 464 | 	every state/.style={minimum size=5pt,inner sep=1pt,
 | |
| 465 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},scale=1, node distance=5mm, | |
| 466 | 	decoration={brace,mirror,amplitude=7}]
 | |
| 467 | 	\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\;0\;$};
 | |
| 468 | 	\node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\;1\;$};
 | |
| 469 | 	\node[state] (Q_2) [right=of Q_1] {$\;2\;$};
 | |
| 470 | 	\node (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\hspace{-1mm}\ldots\hspace{-3mm}$};
 | |
| 471 | 	\node[state] (Q_4) [right=of Q_3] {$\;\phantom{1}\;$};
 | |
| 472 | 	\node (Q_5) [right=of Q_4] {$\hspace{-1mm}\ldots\hspace{-3mm}$};
 | |
| 473 | 	\node[state] (Q_6) [right=of Q_5] {\tiny$n+1$};
 | |
| 474 | 	\node[state] (Q_7) [right=of Q_6] {\tiny$n+2$};
 | |
| 475 | 	\node[state,accepting] (Q_8) [right=of Q_7] {\tiny$n+3$};
 | |
| 476 | ||
| 477 | 	\path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop above] node {$*$} ();
 | |
| 478 | 	\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above] {$a$} (Q_1);
 | |
| 479 | 	\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above] {$*$} (Q_2);
 | |
| 480 | 	\path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above] {$*$} (Q_3);
 | |
| 481 | 	\path[->] (Q_4) edge node [above] {$*$} (Q_5);
 | |
| 482 | 	\path[->] (Q_5) edge node [above] {$*$} (Q_6);
 | |
| 483 | 	\path[->] (Q_6) edge node [above] {$b$} (Q_7);
 | |
| 484 | 	\path[->] (Q_7) edge node [above] {$c$} (Q_8);
 | |
| 485 | ||
| 486 | 	\draw [decorate] ([yshift=-5mm]Q_1.east) --node[below=3mm]{$n$} ([yshift=-5mm]Q_6.west);
 | |
| 487 | 	\end{tikzpicture}\bigskip
 | |
| 488 | ||
| 489 | ||
| 490 | {\small Note the star-transitions: accept any character.}
 | |
| 491 | ||
| 492 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 493 | ||
| 494 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 495 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 515 | 496 | \frametitle{Two Epsilon NFA Examples}
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changeset | 497 | |
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changeset | 498 | \small | 
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changeset | 499 | \begin{center}
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changeset | 500 | \begin{tabular}[t]{c@{\hspace{9mm}}c}
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changeset | 501 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
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changeset | 502 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
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changeset | 503 | \node[state,initial]  (q_0)  {$q_0$};
 | 
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changeset | 504 | \node[state] (q_1) [above=of q_0] {$q_1$};
 | 
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changeset | 505 | \node[state, accepting] (q_2) [below=of q_0] {$q_2$};
 | 
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changeset | 506 | \path[->] (q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (q_1);
 | 
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changeset | 507 | \path[->] (q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (q_2);
 | 
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changeset | 508 | \path[->] (q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
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changeset | 509 | \path[->] (q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
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changeset | 510 | \path[->] (q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
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changeset | 511 | \end{tikzpicture} &
 | 
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changeset | 512 | |
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changeset | 513 | \raisebox{20mm}{
 | 
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changeset | 514 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
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changeset | 515 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
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changeset | 516 | \node[state,initial]  (r_1)  {$r_1$};
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changeset | 517 | \node[state] (r_2) [above=of r_1] {$r_2$};
 | 
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changeset | 518 | \node[state, accepting] (r_3) [right=of r_1] {$r_3$};
 | 
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changeset | 519 | \path[->] (r_1) edge node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (r_3);
 | 
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changeset | 520 | \path[->] (r_2) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (r_3);
 | 
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changeset | 521 | \path[->] (r_1) edge [bend left] node  [left] {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (r_2);
 | 
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changeset | 522 | \path[->] (r_2) edge [bend left] node  [right] {\alert{$a$}} (r_1);
 | 
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changeset | 523 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
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changeset | 524 | \end{tabular}
 | 
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changeset | 525 | \end{center}
 | 
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changeset | 526 | |
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changeset | 527 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 528 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 529 | |
| 515 | 530 | |
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changeset | 531 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 532 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 779 | 533 | \frametitle{Thompson: Rexp to $\epsilon$NFA}
 | 
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changeset | 534 | |
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changeset | 535 | \begin{center}
 | 
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changeset | 536 | \begin{tabular}[t]{l@{\hspace{10mm}}l}
 | 
| 445 | 537 | \raisebox{1mm}{\bl{$\ZERO$}} & 
 | 
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changeset | 538 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick, every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 539 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 540 | \end{tikzpicture}\\\\
 | 
| 445 | 541 | \raisebox{1mm}{\bl{$\ONE$}} & 
 | 
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changeset | 542 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick, every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 543 | \node[state, initial, accepting]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 544 | \end{tikzpicture}\\\\
 | 
| 651 | 545 | \raisebox{5mm}{\bl{$c$}} & 
 | 
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changeset | 546 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick, every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 547 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 548 | \node[state, accepting]  (Q_1)  [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 549 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [below]  {\alert{$c$}} (Q_1);
 | |
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changeset | 550 | \end{tikzpicture}\\\\
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changeset | 551 | \end{tabular}
 | 
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changeset | 552 | \end{center}
 | 
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changeset | 553 | |
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changeset | 554 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 555 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 556 | |
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changeset | 557 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 558 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
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changeset | 559 | \frametitle{Case $r_1\cdot r_2$}
 | 
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changeset | 560 | |
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changeset | 561 | \mbox{}\bigskip
 | 
| 515 | 562 | \onslide<1->{By recursion we are given two automata:\bigskip}
 | 
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changeset | 563 | |
| 515 | 564 | {\centering%
 | 
| 565 | \only<1>{%
 | |
| 566 | \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 567 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 568 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}]
 | |
| 569 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 570 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_01) [below=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
| 571 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_02) [above=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
| 572 | \node (R_1)  [right=of Q_0] {$\ldots$};
 | |
| 573 | \node[state, accepting]  (T_1)  [right=of R_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 574 | \node[state, accepting]  (T_2)  [above=of T_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 575 | \node[state, accepting]  (T_3)  [below=of T_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 576 | ||
| 577 | \node (A_0)  [right=2.5cm of T_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 578 | \node[state, initial]  (A_01)  [above=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 579 | \node[state, initial]  (A_02)  [below=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 580 | ||
| 581 | \node (b_1)  [right=of A_0] {$\ldots$};
 | |
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changeset | 582 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_1)  [right=of b_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 583 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_2)  [above=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 584 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_3)  [below=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 585 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | 
| 515 | 586 | \node (1) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, | 
| 587 |     draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (Q_0) (R_1) (T_1) (T_2) (T_3)] {};
 | |
| 588 | \node (2) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, | |
| 589 |     draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (A_0) (b_1) (c_1) (c_2) (c_3)] {};
 | |
| 590 | \node [yshift=2mm] at (1.north) {$r_1$};
 | |
| 591 | \node [yshift=2mm] at (2.north) {$r_2$};
 | |
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changeset | 592 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | 
| 515 | 593 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 594 | \only<2>{%
 | |
| 595 | \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 596 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 597 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | |
| 598 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 599 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_01) [below=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
| 600 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_02) [above=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
| 601 | \node (r_1)  [right=of Q_0] {$\ldots$};
 | |
| 602 | \node[state]  (t_1)  [right=of r_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 603 | \node[state]  (t_2)  [above=of t_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 604 | \node[state]  (t_3)  [below=of t_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 605 | ||
| 606 | \node  (A_0)  [right=2.5cm of t_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 607 | \node[state]  (A_01)  [above=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 608 | \node[state]  (A_02)  [below=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 609 | ||
| 610 | \node (b_1)  [right=of A_0] {$\ldots$};
 | |
| 611 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_1)  [right=of b_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 612 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_2)  [above=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 613 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_3)  [below=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 614 | \path[->] (t_1) edge (A_01); | |
| 615 | \path[->] (t_2) edge node [above]  {$\epsilon$s} (A_01);
 | |
| 616 | \path[->] (t_3) edge (A_01); | |
| 617 | \path[->] (t_1) edge (A_02); | |
| 618 | \path[->] (t_2) edge (A_02); | |
| 619 | \path[->] (t_3) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$s} (A_02);
 | |
| 620 | ||
| 621 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | |
| 622 | \node (3) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, | |
| 623 |     draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (Q_0) (c_1) (c_2) (c_3)] {};
 | |
| 624 | \node [yshift=2mm] at (3.north) {$r_1\cdot r_2$};
 | |
| 625 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | |
| 626 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | |
| 627 | % | |
| 628 | }\bigskip\bigskip | |
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changeset | 629 | |
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changeset | 630 | \small | 
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changeset | 631 | We need to (1) change the accepting nodes of the first automaton into non-accepting nodes, and (2) connect them | 
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changeset | 632 | via $\epsilon$-transitions to the starting state of the second automaton. | 
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changeset | 633 | |
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changeset | 634 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 635 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 636 | |
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changeset | 637 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 638 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
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changeset | 639 | \frametitle{Case $r_1+ r_2$}
 | 
| 515 | 640 | \mbox{}\\[-8mm]
 | 
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changeset | 641 | |
| 515 | 642 | \onslide<1->{By recursion we are given two automata:\smallskip}
 | 
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changeset | 643 | |
| 515 | 644 | \hspace{2cm}
 | 
| 645 | \only<1>{%
 | |
| 646 |   \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 647 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 648 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
 | |
| 649 | baseline=(current bounding box.center)] | |
| 650 | \node at (0,0)  (1)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 651 | \node  (2)  [above=14mm of 1] {};
 | |
| 652 | \node[state, initial]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 653 | \node[state, initial]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 654 | \node[state, initial]  (3)  [below=10mm of 1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
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changeset | 655 | |
| 515 | 656 | \node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots\,$};
 | 
| 657 | \node  (a1)  [right=of a] {$$};
 | |
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changeset | 658 | \node[state, accepting]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 659 | \node[state, accepting]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 660 | |
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changeset | 661 | \node (b)  [right=of 3] {$\ldots$};
 | 
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changeset | 662 | \node[state, accepting]  (b1)  [right=of b] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 663 | \node[state, accepting]  (b2)  [above=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 664 | \node[state, accepting]  (b3)  [below=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 665 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | 
| 515 | 666 | \node (1) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (2) (a1) (a2) (a3)] {};
 | 
| 667 | \node (2) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (3) (b1) (b2) (b3)] {};
 | |
| 668 | \node [yshift=3mm] at (1.north) {$r_1$};
 | |
| 669 | \node [yshift=3mm] at (2.north) {$r_2$};
 | |
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changeset | 670 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | 
| 515 | 671 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 672 | \only<2>{%
 | |
| 673 | \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 674 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 675 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
 | |
| 676 | baseline=(current bounding box.center)] | |
| 677 | \node at (0,0) (1)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 678 | \node (2)  [above=14mm of 1] {$$};
 | |
| 679 | \node[state, initial]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 680 | \node[state, initial]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 681 | \node[state, initial]  (3)  [below=10mm of 1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 682 | ||
| 683 | \node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots\,$};
 | |
| 684 | \node (a1)  [right=of a] {$$};
 | |
| 685 | \node[state, accepting]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 686 | \node[state, accepting]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 687 | ||
| 688 | \node (b)  [right=of 3] {$\ldots$};
 | |
| 689 | \node[state, accepting]  (b1)  [right=of b] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 690 | \node[state, accepting]  (b2)  [above=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 691 | \node[state, accepting]  (b3)  [below=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 692 | ||
| 693 | %\path[->] (1) edge node [above]  {$\epsilon$} (2);
 | |
| 694 | %\path[->] (1) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (3);
 | |
| 695 | ||
| 696 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | |
| 697 | \node (3) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (1) (a2) (a3) (b2) (b3)] {};
 | |
| 698 | \node [yshift=3mm] at (3.north) {$r_1+ r_2$};
 | |
| 699 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | |
| 700 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | |
| 701 | % | |
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changeset | 702 | |
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changeset | 703 | \small | 
| 515 | 704 | \mbox{}\\\medskip
 | 
| 517 | 705 | We can just put both automata together. | 
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changeset | 706 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 707 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 708 | |
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changeset | 709 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 710 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
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changeset | 711 | \frametitle{Case $r^*$}
 | 
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changeset | 712 | |
| 515 | 713 | \onslide<1->{By recursion we are given an automaton for $r$:\smallskip}
 | 
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changeset | 714 | |
| 515 | 715 | \hspace{2cm}
 | 
| 716 | \only<1>{\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 717 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 718 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
 | |
| 719 | baseline=(current bounding box.north)] | |
| 720 | \node (2)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 721 | \node[state, initial]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 722 | \node[state, initial]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
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changeset | 723 | \node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots$};
 | 
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changeset | 724 | \node[state, accepting]  (a1)  [right=of a] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 725 | \node[state, accepting]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 515 | 726 | \node[state, accepting]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 727 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | |
| 728 | \node (1) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (2) (a1) (a2) (a3)] {};
 | |
| 729 | \node [yshift=3mm] at (1.north) {$r$};
 | |
| 730 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | |
| 731 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | |
| 732 | \only<2->{\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 733 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 734 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
 | |
| 735 | baseline=(current bounding box.north)] | |
| 736 | \node at (0,0) [state, initial,accepting]  (1)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 737 | \node (2)  [right=16mm of 1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 738 | \node[state]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 739 | \node[state]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
| 740 | \node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots$};
 | |
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changeset | 741 | \node[state]  (a1)  [right=of a] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 742 | \node[state]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 515 | 743 | \node[state]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 744 | \path[->] (1) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (4);
 | |
| 745 | \path[->] (1) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (5);
 | |
| 746 | \path[->] (a1) edge [bend left=45] node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (1);
 | |
| 747 | \path[->] (a2) edge [bend right] node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (1);
 | |
| 748 | \path[->] (a3) edge [bend left=45] node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (1);
 | |
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changeset | 749 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | 
| 515 | 750 | \node (2) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (1) (a2) (a3)] {};
 | 
| 751 | \node [yshift=3mm] at (2.north) {$r^*$};
 | |
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changeset | 752 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | 
| 515 | 753 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 754 | \bigskip | |
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changeset | 755 | |
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changeset | 756 | \onslide<3->{
 | 
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changeset | 757 | Why can't we just have an epsilon transition from the accepting states to the starting state?} | 
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changeset | 758 | |
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changeset | 759 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 760 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 761 | |
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changeset | 762 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 763 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 779 | 764 | \frametitle{\mbox{NFA Breadth-First: \boldmath{}$a^{?\{n\}}\!\cdot\! a^{\{n\}}$}}
 | 
| 765 | ||
| 766 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 767 |   \begin{axis}[xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
 | |
| 768 |     ylabel={time in secs},
 | |
| 769 | enlargelimits=false, | |
| 770 |     xtick={0,5,...,30},
 | |
| 771 | xmax=30, | |
| 772 | ymax=35, | |
| 773 |     ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | |
| 774 | scaled ticks=false, | |
| 775 | axis lines=left, | |
| 776 | width=9cm, | |
| 777 | height=6cm, | |
| 778 |     legend entries={Python,Ruby,my NFA},
 | |
| 779 | legend pos=outer north east, | |
| 780 | legend cell align=left] | |
| 781 | \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python.data};
 | |
| 782 | \addplot[brown,mark=pentagon*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-ruby.data};  
 | |
| 783 | \addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfabreadth.data};	
 | |
| 784 | \end{axis}
 | |
| 785 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 786 | ||
| 787 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 788 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 789 | ||
| 790 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 791 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 792 |   \frametitle{NFA Breadth-First:\boldmath{}$(a^*)^* \cdot b$}
 | |
| 793 | ||
| 794 | \bigskip | |
| 795 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 796 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 797 |   \begin{axis}[
 | |
| 798 |     xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
 | |
| 799 |     %%x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
 | |
| 800 |     ylabel={time in secs},
 | |
| 801 | enlargelimits=false, | |
| 802 |     xtick={0,10,...,100},
 | |
| 803 | xmax=103, | |
| 804 | ymax=35, | |
| 805 |     ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | |
| 806 | scaled ticks=false, | |
| 807 | axis lines=left, | |
| 808 | width=9cm, | |
| 809 | height=6cm, | |
| 810 |     legend entries={Java 8,Python,JavaScript,Swift,Dart,my NFA},  
 | |
| 811 | legend pos=outer north east, | |
| 812 | legend cell align=left] | |
| 813 | \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
 | |
| 814 | \addplot[cyan,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-java.data};
 | |
| 815 | \addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-js.data};
 | |
| 816 | \addplot[magenta,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-swift.data};
 | |
| 817 | \addplot[brown,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-dart.data};
 | |
| 818 | ||
| 819 | \addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfabreadth2.data};	
 | |
| 820 | \end{axis}
 | |
| 821 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 822 | \end{center}
 | |
| 823 | ||
| 824 | ||
| 825 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 826 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 827 | ||
| 828 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 829 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 830 | \frametitle{NFA Depth-First: \boldmath$a^{?\{n\}} \cdot a^{\{n\}}$}
 | |
| 831 | ||
| 832 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 833 |   \begin{axis}[xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
 | |
| 834 |     ylabel={time in secs},
 | |
| 835 | enlargelimits=false, | |
| 836 |     xtick={0,5,...,30},
 | |
| 837 | xmax=30, | |
| 838 | ymax=35, | |
| 839 |     ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | |
| 840 | scaled ticks=false, | |
| 841 | axis lines=left, | |
| 842 | width=9cm, | |
| 843 | height=6cm, | |
| 844 |     legend entries={Python,Ruby,my NFA},
 | |
| 845 | legend pos=outer north east, | |
| 846 | legend cell align=left] | |
| 847 | \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python.data};
 | |
| 848 | \addplot[brown,mark=pentagon*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-ruby.data};  
 | |
| 849 | \addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfadepth.data};	
 | |
| 850 | \end{axis}
 | |
| 851 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 852 | ||
| 853 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 854 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 855 | ||
| 856 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 857 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 858 |   \frametitle{NFA Depth-First: \boldmath$(a^*)^* \cdot b$}
 | |
| 859 | ||
| 860 | \bigskip | |
| 861 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 862 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 863 |   \begin{axis}[
 | |
| 864 |     xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
 | |
| 865 |     %%x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
 | |
| 866 |     ylabel={time in secs},
 | |
| 867 | enlargelimits=false, | |
| 868 |     xtick={0,15,...,30},
 | |
| 869 | xmax=33, | |
| 870 | ymax=35, | |
| 871 |     ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | |
| 872 | scaled ticks=false, | |
| 873 | axis lines=left, | |
| 874 | width=9cm, | |
| 875 | height=6cm, | |
| 876 |     legend entries={Java 8,Python,JavaScript,Swift,Dart,my NFA},  
 | |
| 877 | legend pos=outer north east, | |
| 878 | legend cell align=left] | |
| 879 | \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
 | |
| 880 | \addplot[cyan,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-java.data};
 | |
| 881 | \addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-js.data};
 | |
| 882 | \addplot[magenta,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-swift.data};
 | |
| 883 | \addplot[brown,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-dart.data};
 | |
| 884 | ||
| 885 | \addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfadepth2.data};	
 | |
| 886 | \end{axis}
 | |
| 887 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 888 | \end{center}
 | |
| 889 | ||
| 890 | The punchline is that many existing libraries do depth-first search | |
| 891 | in NFAs (with backtracking). | |
| 892 | ||
| 893 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 894 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 895 | ||
| 782 | 896 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 897 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 898 | \frametitle{Subset Construction}
 | |
| 899 | ||
| 900 | ||
| 901 | \begin{textblock}{5}(1,3.5)
 | |
| 902 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 903 | \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=6mm,scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | |
| 904 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | |
| 905 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | |
| 906 | \node[state] (Q_1) [below=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 907 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [below=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 908 | ||
| 909 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$1$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 910 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [left]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 911 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$0,1$}} ();
 | |
| 912 | %\path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | |
| 913 | %\path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 914 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 915 | \end{center}
 | |
| 916 | \end{textblock}
 | |
| 917 | ||
| 918 | \begin{textblock}{11}(6.5,4)
 | |
| 919 | \begin{tabular}{r|cl}
 | |
| 920 | nodes \textcolor{white}{*} & $0$ & $1$\\
 | |
| 921 | \hline | |
| 922 | $\{\}$  \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<2->{$\{\}$} & \onslide<2->{$\{\}$}\\
 | |
| 923 | \onslide<5->{s:} $\{0\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{0\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{0,1\}$}\\
 | |
| 924 | $\{1\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{2\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | |
| 925 | $\{2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{\}$}\\
 | |
| 926 | $\{0,1\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} &\onslide<4->{$\{0,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$}\\
 | |
| 927 | $\{0,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} &\onslide<4->{$\{0\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{0,1\}$}\\
 | |
| 928 | $\{1,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | |
| 929 | $\{0,1,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*}& \onslide<4->{$\{0,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$}\\
 | |
| 930 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 931 | \end{textblock}
 | |
| 932 | ||
| 933 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 934 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 779 | 935 | |
| 782 | 936 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 937 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 938 | \frametitle{The Result}
 | |
| 939 | ||
| 940 | \footnotesize | |
| 941 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 942 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5,>=stealth',very thick,
 | |
| 943 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | |
| 944 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}, | |
| 945 | baseline=0mm] | |
| 946 | \node[state,initial]  (q0)  {$\{0\}$};
 | |
| 947 | \node[state] (q01) [right=of q0] {$\{0,1\}$};
 | |
| 948 | \node[state,accepting] (q12) [above=of q01] {$\{1,2\}$};
 | |
| 949 | \node[state,accepting] (q02) [below=of q01] {$\{0,2\}$};
 | |
| 950 | \node[state] (q1) [right=2cm of q12] {$\{1\}$};
 | |
| 951 | \node[state,accepting] (q2) [right=2.5cm of q01] {$\{2\}$};
 | |
| 952 | \node[state,accepting] (q012) [right=1.5cm of q02] {$\{0,1,2\}$};
 | |
| 953 | \node[state] (Qn) [right=of q2] {$\{\}$};
 | |
| 954 | ||
| 955 | \path[->] (q0) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$0$}} ();
 | |
| 956 | \path[->] (q0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$1$}} (q01);
 | |
| 957 | \path[->] (q02) edge [bend left] node [left]  {\alert{$1$}} (q01);
 | |
| 958 | \path[->] (q02) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0$}} (q0);
 | |
| 959 | \path[->] (q01) edge node [above]  {\alert{$1$}} (q012);
 | |
| 960 | \path[->] (q01) edge [bend left] node [right]  {\alert{$0$}} (q02);
 | |
| 961 | \path[->] (q12) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (q2);
 | |
| 962 | \path[->] (q1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (q2);
 | |
| 963 | \path[->] (q2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (Qn);
 | |
| 964 | \path[->] (q012) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$1$}} ();
 | |
| 965 | \path[->] (q012) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0$}} (q02);
 | |
| 966 | \path[->] (Qn) edge [loop above] node  {$\alert{0},\alert{1}$} ();
 | |
| 967 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 968 | \end{center}
 | |
| 969 | ||
| 970 | ||
| 971 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 972 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 973 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 974 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 975 | \frametitle{Removing Dead States}
 | |
| 976 | ||
| 977 | \footnotesize | |
| 978 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 979 | \begin{tabular}{ll}
 | |
| 980 | \large DFA: & \large (original) NFA:\\ | |
| 981 | \raisebox{0mm}{%
 | |
| 982 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | |
| 983 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | |
| 984 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}] | |
| 985 | \node[state,initial]  (q0)  {$\{0\}$};
 | |
| 986 | \node[state] (q01) [right=of q0] {$\{0,1\}$};
 | |
| 987 | \node[state,accepting] (q02) [below=of q01] {$\{0,2\}$};
 | |
| 988 | \node[state,accepting] (q012) [right=1.5cm of q02] {$\{0,1,2\}$};
 | |
| 989 | ||
| 990 | \path[->] (q0) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$0$}} ();
 | |
| 991 | \path[->] (q0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$1$}} (q01);
 | |
| 992 | \path[->] (q02) edge [bend left] node [left]  {\alert{$1$}} (q01);
 | |
| 993 | \path[->] (q02) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0$}} (q0);
 | |
| 994 | \path[->] (q01) edge node [above]  {\alert{$1$}} (q012);
 | |
| 995 | \path[->] (q01) edge [bend left] node [right]  {\alert{$0$}} (q02);
 | |
| 996 | \path[->] (q012) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$1$}} ();
 | |
| 997 | \path[->] (q012) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0$}} (q02);
 | |
| 998 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | |
| 999 | & | |
| 1000 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | |
| 1001 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | |
| 1002 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},] | |
| 1003 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | |
| 1004 | \node[state] (Q_1) [below=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 1005 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [below=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 1006 | ||
| 1007 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$1$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 1008 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [left]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1009 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$0,1$}} ();                    
 | |
| 1010 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1011 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1012 | \end{center}
 | |
| 1013 | ||
| 1014 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1015 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 779 | 1016 | |
| 1017 | ||
| 1018 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1019 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 782 | 1020 | \frametitle{Subset Construction ($\epsilon$NFA)}
 | 
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changeset | 1021 | |
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changeset | 1022 | |
| 662 | 1023 | \begin{textblock}{5}(1,1.5)
 | 
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changeset | 1024 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 515 | 1025 | \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=6mm,scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
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changeset | 1026 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1027 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
| 1028 | \node[state] (Q_1) [above=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 1029 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [below=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 1030 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 1031 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1032 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | |
| 1033 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | |
| 1034 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
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changeset | 1035 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
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changeset | 1036 | \end{center}
 | 
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changeset | 1037 | \end{textblock}
 | 
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changeset | 1038 | |
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changeset | 1039 | \begin{textblock}{11}(6.5,4.5)
 | 
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changeset | 1040 | \begin{tabular}{r|cl}
 | 
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added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 1041 | nodes \textcolor{white}{*} & $a$ & $b$\\
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1042 | \hline | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1043 | $\{\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<2->{$\{\}$} & \onslide<2->{$\{\}$}\\
 | 
| 139 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 1044 | $\{0\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1045 | $\{1\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{1\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{\}$}\\
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1046 | $\{2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 139 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 1047 | $\{0,1\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} &\onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 1048 | $\{0,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} &\onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 1049 | $\{1,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} & \onslide<4->{$\{1\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 1050 | \onslide<5->{s:} $\{0,1,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*}& \onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1051 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1052 | \end{textblock}
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1053 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1054 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1055 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1056 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1057 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1058 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1059 | \frametitle{The Result}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1060 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1061 | \footnotesize | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1062 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1063 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1064 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1065 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}, | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1066 | baseline=0mm] | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1067 | \node[state,initial,accepting]  (q012)  {$\{0,1,2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1068 | \node[state,accepting] (q02) [right=of q012] {$\{0,2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1069 | \node[state] (q01) [above=of q02] {$\{0,1\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1070 | \node[state,accepting] (q12) [below=of q02] {$\{1,2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1071 | \node[state] (q0) [right=2cm of q01] {$\{0\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1072 | \node[state] (q1) [right=2.5cm of q02] {$\{1\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1073 | \node[state,accepting] (q2) [right=1.5cm of q12] {$\{2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1074 | \node[state] (qn) [right=of q1] {$\{\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1075 | |
| 348 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1076 | \path[->] (q012) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1077 | \path[->] (q012) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1078 | \path[->] (q12) edge [bend left] node [below,pos=0.4]  {\alert{$a$}} (q1);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1079 | \path[->] (q12) edge node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1080 | \path[->] (q02) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q012);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1081 | \path[->] (q02) edge [bend left] node [above, pos=0.8]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1082 | \path[->] (q01) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (q012);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1083 | \path[->] (q01) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1084 | \path[->] (q0) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (q012);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1085 | \path[->] (q0) edge node [right, pos=0.2]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1086 | \path[->] (q1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1087 | \path[->] (q1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (qn);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1088 | \path[->] (q2) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1089 | \path[->] (q2) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (qn);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1090 | \path[->] (qn) edge [loop above] node  {$\alert{a},\alert{b}$} ();
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1091 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1092 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1093 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1094 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1095 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1096 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1097 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1098 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1099 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1100 | \frametitle{Removing Dead States}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1101 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1102 | \footnotesize | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1103 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1104 | \begin{tabular}{ll}
 | 
| 445 | 1105 | DFA: & (original) NFA:\\ | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1106 | \raisebox{10mm}{%
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1107 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1108 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1109 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}] | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1110 | \node[state,initial,accepting]  (q012)  {$\{0,1,2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1111 | \node[state,accepting] (q2) [right=of q012] {$\{2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1112 | \node[state] (qn) [right=of q2] {$\{\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1113 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1114 | \path[->] (q012) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1115 | \path[->] (q012) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1116 | \path[->] (q2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1117 | \path[->] (q2) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (qn);
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1118 | \path[->] (qn) edge [loop above] node | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1119 |    {$\alert{a},\alert{b}$} ();
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1120 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1121 | & | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1122 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1123 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1124 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},] | 
| 515 | 1125 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
| 1126 | \node[state] (Q_1) [above=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 1127 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [below=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 1128 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 1129 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1130 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | |
| 1131 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | |
| 1132 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1133 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1134 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1135 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1136 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1137 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1138 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1139 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1140 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1141 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1142 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1143 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1144 | \frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1145 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1146 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1147 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1148 | \node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1149 | \node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1150 | \node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1151 | \onslide<2->{\node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1152 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1153 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1154 | \onslide<2->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=9mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1155 | \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1156 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1157 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1158 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1159 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1160 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1161 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1162 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1163 | \frametitle{DFA Minimisation}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1164 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1165 | \begin{enumerate}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1166 | \item Take all pairs \bl{$(q, p)$} with \bl{$q \not= p$}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1167 | \item Mark all pairs that accepting and non-accepting states | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1168 | \item For  all unmarked pairs \bl{$(q, p)$} and all characters \bl{$c$} test whether
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1169 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1170 | \bl{$(\delta(q, c), \delta(p,c))$}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1171 | \end{center} 
 | 
| 348 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1172 | are marked. If yes in at least one case, then also mark \bl{$(q, p)$}.
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1173 | \item Repeat last step until no change. | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1174 | \item All unmarked pairs can be merged. | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1175 | \end{enumerate}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1176 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1177 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1178 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1179 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1180 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1181 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1182 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1183 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1184 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1185 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1186 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
| 1187 | \node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 1188 | \node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 1189 | \node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 1190 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};
 | |
| 1191 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 1192 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1193 | \path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 1194 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1195 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | |
| 1196 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1197 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1198 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1199 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1200 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1201 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1202 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1203 | \mbox{}\\[-20mm]\mbox{}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1204 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1205 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1206 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8,line width=0.8mm]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1207 | \draw (0,0) -- (4,0); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1208 | \draw (0,1) -- (4,1); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1209 | \draw (0,2) -- (3,2); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1210 | \draw (0,3) -- (2,3); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1211 | \draw (0,4) -- (1,4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1212 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1213 | \draw (0,0) -- (0, 4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1214 | \draw (1,0) -- (1, 4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1215 | \draw (2,0) -- (2, 3); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1216 | \draw (3,0) -- (3, 2); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1217 | \draw (4,0) -- (4, 1); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1218 | |
| 515 | 1219 | \draw (0.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_0$}; 
 | 
| 1220 | \draw (1.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
 | |
| 1221 | \draw (2.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
 | |
| 1222 | \draw (3.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1223 | |
| 515 | 1224 | \draw (-0.5, 3.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
 | 
| 1225 | \draw (-0.5, 2.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
 | |
| 1226 | \draw (-0.5, 1.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$}; 
 | |
| 1227 | \draw (-0.5, 0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_4$}; 
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1228 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1229 | \draw (0.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1230 | \draw (1.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1231 | \draw (2.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1232 | \draw (3.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1233 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1234 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1235 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1236 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1237 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1238 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1239 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1240 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1241 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1242 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1243 | \begin{tabular}{@{\hspace{-8mm}}cc@{}}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1244 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1245 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1246 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
| 1247 | \node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 1248 | \node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 1249 | \node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 1250 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};
 | |
| 1251 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 1252 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1253 | \path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 1254 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1255 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | |
| 1256 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1257 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1258 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1259 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1260 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1261 | & | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1262 | \raisebox{9mm}{\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.6,line width=0.8mm]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1263 | \draw (0,0) -- (4,0); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1264 | \draw (0,1) -- (4,1); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1265 | \draw (0,2) -- (3,2); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1266 | \draw (0,3) -- (2,3); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1267 | \draw (0,4) -- (1,4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1268 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1269 | \draw (0,0) -- (0, 4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1270 | \draw (1,0) -- (1, 4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1271 | \draw (2,0) -- (2, 3); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1272 | \draw (3,0) -- (3, 2); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1273 | \draw (4,0) -- (4, 1); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1274 | |
| 515 | 1275 | \draw (0.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_0$}; 
 | 
| 1276 | \draw (1.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
 | |
| 1277 | \draw (2.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
 | |
| 1278 | \draw (3.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1279 | |
| 515 | 1280 | \draw (-0.5, 3.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
 | 
| 1281 | \draw (-0.5, 2.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
 | |
| 1282 | \draw (-0.5, 1.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$}; 
 | |
| 1283 | \draw (-0.5, 0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_4$}; 
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1284 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1285 | \draw (0.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1286 | \draw (1.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1287 | \draw (2.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1288 | \draw (3.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1289 | \draw (0.5,1.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1290 | \draw (2.5,1.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1291 | \draw (0.5,3.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1292 | \draw (1.5,2.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1293 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1294 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1295 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1296 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1297 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1298 | \mbox{}\\[-20mm]\mbox{}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1299 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1300 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1301 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1302 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1303 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_02)  {$\mbox{Q}_{0, 2}$};
 | 
| 1304 | \node[state] (Q_13) [right=of Q_02] {$\mbox{Q}_{1, 3}$};
 | |
| 1305 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_13] {$\mbox{Q}_{4\phantom{,0}}$};
 | |
| 1306 | \path[->] (Q_02) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_13);
 | |
| 1307 | \path[->] (Q_13) edge [bend left] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_02);
 | |
| 1308 | \path[->] (Q_02) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1309 | \path[->] (Q_13) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1310 | \path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1311 | \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1312 | minimal automaton | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1313 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1314 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1315 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1316 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1317 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1318 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1319 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1320 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1321 | \frametitle{Alternatives}
 | 
| 573 | 1322 | \mbox{}\\[-14mm]\mbox{}
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1323 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1324 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1325 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1326 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1327 | inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}] | 
| 515 | 1328 | \only<1>{\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | 
| 1329 | \only<2->{\node[state,accepting]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | |
| 1330 | \node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 1331 | \node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 1332 | \node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 1333 | \only<1>{\node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};}
 | |
| 1334 | \only<2->{\node[state, initial right] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};}
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1335 | \only<1-2>{
 | 
| 515 | 1336 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | 
| 1337 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1338 | \path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 1339 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1340 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | |
| 1341 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1342 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1343 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1344 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);}
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1345 | \only<3->{
 | 
| 515 | 1346 | \path[<-] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | 
| 1347 | \path[<-] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1348 | \path[<-] (Q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 1349 | \path[<-] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1350 | \path[<-] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | |
| 1351 | \path[<-] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1352 | \path[<-] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1353 | \path[<-] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1354 | \path[<-] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);}
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1355 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1356 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1357 | \mbox{}\\[-18mm]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1358 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1359 | \small | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1360 | \begin{itemize}
 | 
| 573 | 1361 | \item<1-> exchange initial / accepting states\\[-2mm] | 
| 1362 | \item<2-> reverse all edges\\[-2mm] | |
| 1363 | \item<3-> subset construction $\Rightarrow$ DFA\\[-2mm] | |
| 1364 | \item<4-> remove dead states\\[-2mm] | |
| 1365 | \item<5-> repeat once more | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1366 |           \onslide<6->{$\Rightarrow$ minimal DFA}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1367 | \end{itemize}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1368 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1369 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1370 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1371 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1372 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1373 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1374 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1375 | \frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1376 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1377 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1378 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1379 | \node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1380 | \node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1381 | \node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1382 | \onslide<1->{\node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1383 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1384 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1385 | \onslide<1->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=9mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1386 | \onslide<2->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge [bend left=45] (rexp);}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1387 | \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1388 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1389 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1390 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1391 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1392 | |
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1393 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1394 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1395 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1396 | \begin{frame}<2>[c]
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1397 | \frametitle{DFA to Rexp}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1398 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1399 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1400 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1401 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1402 |   \only<1>{\node[state, initial]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | 
| 1403 |   \only<2->{\node[state, initial,accepting]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | |
| 1404 |   \only<1>{\node[state]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
 | |
| 1405 |   \only<2->{\node[state,accepting]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
 | |
| 1406 |   \only<1>{\node[state, accepting] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
 | |
| 1407 |   \only<2->{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1408 |   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1409 |                   (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1410 |                   (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1411 |                   (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1412 |                   (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1413 |                   (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1414 | ; | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1415 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1416 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1417 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1418 | \onslide<3>{How to get from a DFA to a regular expression?}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1419 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1420 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1421 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1422 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1423 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1424 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1425 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1426 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1427 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1428 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 783 | 1429 |   \only<1->{\node[state, initial,accepting]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | 
| 1430 |   \only<1->{\node[state,accepting]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
 | |
| 515 | 1431 |   \only<1->{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1432 |   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1433 |                   (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1434 |                   (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1435 |                   (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1436 |                   (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1437 |                   (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1438 | ; | 
| 139 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 1439 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1440 | \end{center}\pause\bigskip
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1441 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1442 | \onslide<2->{
 | 
| 445 | 1443 | You know how to solve since school days, no? | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1444 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1445 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l}
 | 
| 515 | 1446 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$2\, \mbox{Q}_0 + 3 \,\mbox{Q}_1 +  4\, \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
 | 
| 1447 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$2 \,\mbox{Q}_0 + 3\, \mbox{Q}_1 + 1\, \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
 | |
| 1448 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$1\, \mbox{Q}_0 + 5\, \mbox{Q}_1 + 2\, \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1449 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1450 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1451 | \end{center}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1452 | } | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1453 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1454 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1455 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1456 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1457 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1458 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1459 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1460 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1461 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1462 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1463 |   \only<1->{\node[state, initial]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | 
| 1464 |   \only<1->{\node[state]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
 | |
| 1465 |   \only<1->{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1466 |   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1467 |                   (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1468 |                   (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1469 |                   (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1470 |                   (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1471 |                   (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1472 | ; | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1473 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1474 | \end{center}\bigskip
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1475 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1476 | \onslide<2->{
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1477 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1478 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l}
 | 
| 650 | 1479 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,b + \mbox{Q}_1\,b +  \mbox{Q}_2\,b + \ONE$}\\
 | 
| 515 | 1480 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,a$}\\
 | 
| 1481 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_1\,a + \mbox{Q}_2\,a$}\\
 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1482 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1483 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1484 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1485 | } | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1486 | |
| 783 | 1487 | |
| 1488 | \only<3-9>{\small
 | |
| 1489 | \begin{textblock}{6}(1,0.8)
 | |
| 1490 | \begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | |
| 1491 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | |
| 1492 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{substitute \bl{$\mbox{Q}_1$} into \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} \& \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$}:}\\    
 | |
| 1493 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,b + \mbox{Q}_0\,a\,b +  \mbox{Q}_2\,b + \ONE$}\\
 | |
| 1494 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,a\,a + \mbox{Q}_2\,a$}
 | |
| 1495 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1496 | \end{bubble}
 | |
| 1497 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 1498 | ||
| 1499 | \only<4-9>{\small
 | |
| 1500 | \begin{textblock}{6}(2,4.15)
 | |
| 1501 | \begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | |
| 1502 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | |
| 1503 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{simplifying \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$}:}\\    
 | |
| 1504 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,(b + a\,b) + \mbox{Q}_2\,b + \ONE$}\\
 | |
| 1505 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,a\,a + \mbox{Q}_2\,a$}
 | |
| 1506 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1507 | \end{bubble}
 | |
| 1508 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 1509 | ||
| 1510 | \only<6-9>{\small
 | |
| 1511 | \begin{textblock}{6}(3,7.55)
 | |
| 1512 | \begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | |
| 1513 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | |
| 1514 |   \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{Arden for \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$}:}\\    
 | |
| 1515 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,(b + a\,b) + \mbox{Q}_2\,b + \ONE$}\\
 | |
| 1516 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,a\,a\,(a^*)$}
 | |
| 1517 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1518 | \end{bubble}
 | |
| 1519 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 1520 | ||
| 1521 | \only<7-9>{\small
 | |
| 1522 | \begin{textblock}{6}(4,10.9)
 | |
| 1523 | \begin{bubble}[7.5cm]
 | |
| 1524 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | |
| 1525 |   \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{Substitute \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} and simplify:}\\    
 | |
| 1526 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b) + \ONE$}\\
 | |
| 1527 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1528 | \end{bubble}
 | |
| 1529 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 1530 | ||
| 1531 | \only<8-9>{\small
 | |
| 1532 | \begin{textblock}{6}(5,13.4)
 | |
| 1533 | \begin{bubble}[7.5cm]
 | |
| 1534 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | |
| 1535 |   \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{Arden again for \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$}:}\\    
 | |
| 1536 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b)^*$}\\
 | |
| 1537 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1538 | \end{bubble}
 | |
| 1539 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 1540 | ||
| 1541 | ||
| 1542 | \only<9-10>{\small
 | |
| 1543 | \begin{textblock}{6}(6,11.5)
 | |
| 1544 | \begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | |
| 1545 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | |
| 1546 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{Finally:}\\    
 | |
| 1547 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b)^*$}\\
 | |
| 1548 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b)^*\,a$}\\
 | |
| 1549 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b)^*\,a\,a\,(a^*)$}\\
 | |
| 1550 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1551 | \end{bubble}
 | |
| 1552 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 1553 | ||
| 1554 | ||
| 1555 | ||
| 1556 | ||
| 1557 | ||
| 1558 | \only<5-6>{
 | |
| 1559 | \begin{textblock}{6}(0.7,11.9)
 | |
| 1560 | \begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | |
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changeset | 1561 | Arden's Lemma: | 
| 
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changeset | 1562 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1563 | If \bl{$q = q\,r + s$}\; then\; \bl{$q = s\, r^*$}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1564 | \end{center}
 | 
| 783 | 1565 | \end{bubble}
 | 
| 1566 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 1567 | ||
| 1568 | \only<8>{
 | |
| 1569 | \begin{textblock}{6}(1.1,7.8)
 | |
| 1570 | \begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | |
| 1571 | Arden's Lemma: | |
| 1572 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 1573 | If \bl{$q = q\,r + s$}\; then\; \bl{$q = s\, r^*$}
 | |
| 1574 | \end{center}
 | |
| 1575 | \end{bubble}
 | |
| 1576 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 265 
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changeset | 1578 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1579 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 1580 | |
| 
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changeset | 1581 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 1582 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1583 | \frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1584 | |
| 
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changeset | 1585 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1586 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1587 | \node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1588 | \node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1589 | \node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1590 | \onslide<1->{\node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1591 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1592 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1593 | \onslide<1->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=9mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1594 | \onslide<1->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge [bend left=45] (rexp);}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1595 | \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1596 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1597 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
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changeset | 1598 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
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changeset | 1599 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 1600 | |
| 940 | 1601 | {
 | 
| 1602 | \setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
 | |
| 1603 | \begin{frame}<1-10>[c]
 | |
| 1604 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1605 | } | |
| 1606 | ||
| 1607 | ||
| 346 
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changeset | 1608 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 1609 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1610 | \frametitle{Regular Languages (3)}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
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changeset | 1611 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1612 | A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a regular
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
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changeset | 1613 | expression that recognises all its strings.\bigskip\medskip | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
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265diff
changeset | 1614 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1615 | or {\bf equivalently}\bigskip\medskip
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
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265diff
changeset | 1616 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1617 | A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1618 | deterministic finite automaton that recognises all its | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1619 | strings.\bigskip\medskip\pause | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1620 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
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265diff
changeset | 1621 | Why is every finite set of strings a regular language? | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
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changeset | 1622 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 265 
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changeset | 1623 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 1624 | |
| 
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changeset | 1625 | |
| 
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changeset | 1626 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 783 | 1627 | %\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 1628 | % | |
| 1629 | %Given the function | |
| 1630 | % | |
| 1631 | %\begin{center}
 | |
| 1632 | %\bl{\begin{tabular}{r@{\hspace{1mm}}c@{\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | |
| 1633 | %$rev(\ZERO)$ & $\dn$ & $\ZERO$\\ | |
| 1634 | %$rev(\ONE)$ & $\dn$ & $\ONE$\\ | |
| 1635 | %$rev(c)$ & $\dn$ & $c$\\ | |
| 1636 | %$rev(r_1 + r_2)$ & $\dn$ & $rev(r_1) + rev(r_2)$\\ | |
| 1637 | %$rev(r_1 \cdot r_2)$ & $\dn$ & $rev(r_2) \cdot rev(r_1)$\\ | |
| 1638 | %$rev(r^*)$ & $\dn$ & $rev(r)^*$\\ | |
| 1639 | %\end{tabular}}
 | |
| 1640 | %\end{center}
 | |
| 1641 | % | |
| 1642 | % | |
| 1643 | %and the set | |
| 1644 | % | |
| 1645 | %\begin{center}
 | |
| 1646 | %\bl{$Rev\,A \dn \{s^{-1} \;|\; s \in A\}$}
 | |
| 1647 | %\end{center}
 | |
| 1648 | % | |
| 1649 | %prove whether | |
| 1650 | % | |
| 1651 | %\begin{center}
 | |
| 1652 | %\bl{$L(rev(r)) = Rev (L(r))$}
 | |
| 1653 | %\end{center}
 | |
| 1654 | % | |
| 1655 | %\end{frame}
 | |
| 133 
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changeset | 1656 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 25 | 1657 | |
| 1658 | ||
| 743 | 1659 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 1660 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1661 | \frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
 | |
| 1662 | ||
| 1663 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 1664 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1665 | \node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
 | |
| 1666 | \node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
 | |
| 1667 | \node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
 | |
| 1668 | \node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};
 | |
| 1669 | \path[->,red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] | |
| 1670 |      {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
 | |
| 1671 | \path[->,red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] | |
| 1672 |      {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
 | |
| 1673 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=5mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);
 | |
| 1674 | %%\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge [bend left=45] (rexp); | |
| 1675 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge [bend left=45] node [below, black] {\begin{tabular}{l}Brzozowski's\\ method\end{tabular}} (rexp);
 | |
| 1676 | ||
| 1677 | \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | |
| 1678 | \end{center}
 | |
| 1679 | ||
| 1680 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1681 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1682 | ||
| 1683 | ||
| 1684 | ||
| 1685 | ||
| 1686 | % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1687 | % \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1688 | % \frametitle{DFA to Rexp}
 | |
| 1689 | ||
| 1690 | % \begin{center}
 | |
| 1691 | % \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | |
| 1692 | %                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | |
| 1693 | % draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},] | |
| 1694 | %   \node[state, initial]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$q_0$};
 | |
| 1695 | %   \node[state]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$q_1$};
 | |
| 1696 | %   \node[state, accepting] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$q_2$};
 | |
| 1697 | %   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | |
| 1698 | %             (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | |
| 1699 | %             (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | |
| 1700 | %             (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | |
| 1701 | %             (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | |
| 1702 | %             (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1703 | % \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1704 | % \end{center}\bigskip
 | |
| 1705 | ||
| 1706 | % \begin{center}
 | |
| 1707 | % \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@{\hspace{7mm}}l}
 | |
| 1708 | % \bl{$q_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\ONE + q_0\,b + q_1\,b +  q_2\,b$} & (start state)\\
 | |
| 1709 | % \bl{$q_1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$q_0\,a$}\\
 | |
| 1710 | % \bl{$q_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$q_1\,a + q_2\,a$}\\
 | |
| 1711 | ||
| 1712 | % \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1713 | % \end{center}
 | |
| 1714 | ||
| 1715 | % Arden's Lemma: | |
| 1716 | % \begin{center}
 | |
| 1717 | % If \bl{$q = q\,r + s$}\; then\; \bl{$q = s\, r^*$}
 | |
| 1718 | % \end{center}
 | |
| 1719 | ||
| 1720 | ||
| 1721 | % \end{frame}
 | |
| 1722 | % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1723 | ||
| 1724 | % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1725 | % \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1726 | % \frametitle{DFA Minimisation}
 | |
| 1727 | ||
| 1728 | % \begin{enumerate}
 | |
| 1729 | % \item Take all pairs \bl{$(q, p)$} with \bl{$q \not= p$}
 | |
| 1730 | % \item Mark all pairs that accepting and non-accepting states | |
| 1731 | % \item For  all unmarked pairs \bl{$(q, p)$} and all characters \bl{$c$} test whether
 | |
| 1732 | % \begin{center}
 | |
| 1733 | % \bl{$(\delta(q, c), \delta(p,c))$}
 | |
| 1734 | % \end{center} 
 | |
| 1735 | % are marked. If yes, then also mark \bl{$(q, p)$}.
 | |
| 1736 | % \item Repeat last step until no change. | |
| 1737 | % \item All unmarked pairs can be merged. | |
| 1738 | % \end{enumerate}
 | |
| 1739 | ||
| 1740 | % \end{frame}
 | |
| 1741 | % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1742 | ||
| 1743 | % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1744 | % \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1745 | ||
| 1746 | % \begin{center}
 | |
| 1747 | % \begin{tabular}{@{\hspace{-8mm}}cc@{}}
 | |
| 1748 | % \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | |
| 1749 | %                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | |
| 1750 | % \node[state,initial]  (q_0)  {$q_0$};
 | |
| 1751 | % \node[state] (q_1) [right=of q_0] {$q_1$};
 | |
| 1752 | % \node[state] (q_2) [below right=of q_0] {$q_2$};
 | |
| 1753 | % \node[state] (q_3) [right=of q_2] {$q_3$};
 | |
| 1754 | % \node[state, accepting] (q_4) [right=of q_1] {$q_4$};
 | |
| 1755 | % \path[->] (q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_1);
 | |
| 1756 | % \path[->] (q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_4);
 | |
| 1757 | % \path[->] (q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 1758 | % \path[->] (q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_4);
 | |
| 1759 | % \path[->] (q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_3);
 | |
| 1760 | % \path[->] (q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (q_2);
 | |
| 1761 | % \path[->] (q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q_2);
 | |
| 1762 | % \path[->] (q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1763 | % \path[->] (q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (q_0);
 | |
| 1764 | % \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1765 | % & | |
| 1766 | % \raisebox{9mm}{\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.6,line width=0.8mm]
 | |
| 1767 | % \draw (0,0) -- (4,0); | |
| 1768 | % \draw (0,1) -- (4,1); | |
| 1769 | % \draw (0,2) -- (3,2); | |
| 1770 | % \draw (0,3) -- (2,3); | |
| 1771 | % \draw (0,4) -- (1,4); | |
| 1772 | ||
| 1773 | % \draw (0,0) -- (0, 4); | |
| 1774 | % \draw (1,0) -- (1, 4); | |
| 1775 | % \draw (2,0) -- (2, 3); | |
| 1776 | % \draw (3,0) -- (3, 2); | |
| 1777 | % \draw (4,0) -- (4, 1); | |
| 1778 | ||
| 1779 | % \draw (0.5,-0.5) node {$q_0$}; 
 | |
| 1780 | % \draw (1.5,-0.5) node {$q_1$}; 
 | |
| 1781 | % \draw (2.5,-0.5) node {$q_2$}; 
 | |
| 1782 | % \draw (3.5,-0.5) node {$q_3$};
 | |
| 1783 | ||
| 1784 | % \draw (-0.5, 3.5) node {$q_1$}; 
 | |
| 1785 | % \draw (-0.5, 2.5) node {$q_2$}; 
 | |
| 1786 | % \draw (-0.5, 1.5) node {$q_3$}; 
 | |
| 1787 | % \draw (-0.5, 0.5) node {$q_4$}; 
 | |
| 1788 | ||
| 1789 | % \draw (0.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | |
| 1790 | % \draw (1.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | |
| 1791 | % \draw (2.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | |
| 1792 | % \draw (3.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$};
 | |
| 1793 | % \draw (0.5,1.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | |
| 1794 | % \draw (2.5,1.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | |
| 1795 | % \draw (0.5,3.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | |
| 1796 | % \draw (1.5,2.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | |
| 1797 | % \end{tikzpicture}}
 | |
| 1798 | % \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1799 | % \end{center}
 | |
| 1800 | ||
| 1801 | ||
| 1802 | % \mbox{}\\[-20mm]\mbox{}
 | |
| 1803 | ||
| 1804 | % \begin{center}
 | |
| 1805 | % \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | |
| 1806 | %                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | |
| 1807 | % \node[state,initial]  (q_02)  {$q_{0, 2}$};
 | |
| 1808 | % \node[state] (q_13) [right=of q_02] {$q_{1, 3}$};
 | |
| 1809 | % \node[state, accepting] (q_4) [right=of q_13] {$q_{4\phantom{,0}}$};
 | |
| 1810 | % \path[->] (q_02) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_13);
 | |
| 1811 | % \path[->] (q_13) edge [bend left] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (q_02);
 | |
| 1812 | % \path[->] (q_02) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1813 | % \path[->] (q_13) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_4);
 | |
| 1814 | % \path[->] (q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 1815 | % \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | |
| 1816 | % minimal automaton | |
| 1817 | % \end{center}
 | |
| 1818 | ||
| 1819 | % \end{frame}
 | |
| 966 | 1820 | % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 1821 | ||
| 1822 | ||
| 743 | 1823 | |
| 1824 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1825 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1826 | \frametitle{Regular Languages}
 | |
| 1827 | ||
| 1828 | Two equivalent definitions:\bigskip | |
| 1829 | ||
| 1830 | \begin{quote}\rm A language is \alert{regular} iff there exists a
 | |
| 1831 | regular expression that recognises all its strings. | |
| 1832 | \end{quote}
 | |
| 1833 | ||
| 1834 | \begin{quote}\rm A language is \alert{regular} iff there exists an
 | |
| 1835 | automaton that recognises all its strings. | |
| 1836 | \end{quote}\bigskip\bigskip
 | |
| 1837 | ||
| 1838 | ||
| 1839 | \small | |
| 1840 | for example \bl{$a^nb^n$} is not regular
 | |
| 1841 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1842 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1843 | ||
| 1844 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1845 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1846 | \frametitle{Negation}
 | |
| 1847 | ||
| 1848 | Regular languages are closed under negation:\bigskip | |
| 1849 | ||
| 1850 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 1851 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | |
| 1852 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | |
| 1853 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}] | |
| 1854 |   \only<1>{\node[state,initial] (q0) at ( 0,1) {$q_0$};}
 | |
| 1855 |   \only<2>{\node[state,initial,accepting] (q0) at ( 0,1) {$q_0$};}
 | |
| 1856 |   \only<1>{\node[state] (q1) at ( 1,1) {$q_1$};}
 | |
| 1857 |   \only<2>{\node[state,accepting] (q1) at ( 1,1) {$q_1$};}
 | |
| 1858 |   \only<1>{\node[state, accepting] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$q_2$};}
 | |
| 1859 |   \only<2>{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$q_2$};}
 | |
| 1860 |   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | |
| 1861 |             (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | |
| 1862 |             (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | |
| 1863 |             (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | |
| 1864 |             (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | |
| 1865 |             (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1866 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1867 | \end{center}\bigskip\bigskip
 | |
| 1868 | ||
| 1869 | But requires that the automaton is \alert{completed}!
 | |
| 1870 | ||
| 1871 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1872 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1873 | ||
| 891 | 1874 | {
 | 
| 1875 | \setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
 | |
| 1876 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1877 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1878 |   \frametitle{\boldmath{}$(a^*)^* \cdot b$}
 | |
| 1879 | ||
| 1880 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 1881 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1882 |   \begin{axis}[
 | |
| 1883 |     xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
 | |
| 1884 |     %%x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
 | |
| 1885 |     ylabel={time in secs},
 | |
| 1886 | enlargelimits=false, | |
| 1887 |     xtick={0,15,...,30},
 | |
| 1888 | xmax=33, | |
| 1889 | ymax=35, | |
| 1890 |     ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | |
| 1891 | scaled ticks=false, | |
| 1892 | axis lines=left, | |
| 1893 | width=9cm, | |
| 1894 | height=6cm, | |
| 1895 |     legend entries={Java 8,Python,JavaScript,Swift,Dart},  
 | |
| 1896 | legend pos=outer north east, | |
| 1897 | legend cell align=left] | |
| 1898 | \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
 | |
| 1899 | \addplot[cyan,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-java.data};
 | |
| 1900 | \addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-js.data};
 | |
| 1901 | \addplot[magenta,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-swift.data};
 | |
| 1902 | \addplot[brown,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-dart.data};
 | |
| 1903 | ||
| 1904 | %\addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfadepth2.data};	
 | |
| 1905 | \end{axis}
 | |
| 1906 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1907 | \end{center}
 | |
| 1908 | ||
| 1909 | \end{frame}}
 | |
| 1910 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1911 | ||
| 966 | 1912 | |
| 1913 | ||
| 891 | 1914 | \begin{frame}<1-3>[c]
 | 
| 1915 | \end{frame}  
 | |
| 1916 | ||
| 889 | 1917 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 1918 | {
 | |
| 1919 | \setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
 | |
| 1920 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1921 | ||
| 1922 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 1923 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.5,>=stealth',very thick,
 | |
| 1924 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | |
| 1925 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}] | |
| 1926 |   \node[state,initial]   (q0) at (0,2) {$q_0$};
 | |
| 1927 |   \node[state,accepting] (q1) at (2,2) {$q_1$};
 | |
| 1928 |   \node[state]           (q2) at (0,0) {$q_2$};
 | |
| 1929 |   \node[state]           (q3) at (2,0) {$q_3$};
 | |
| 1930 | ||
| 1931 |   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | |
| 1932 |             (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q0)
 | |
| 1933 |             (q2) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q3)
 | |
| 1934 |             (q3) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | |
| 1935 |             (q0) edge[bend left] node[right] {\alert{$b$}} (q2)
 | |
| 1936 |             (q2) edge[bend left] node[left]  {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | |
| 1937 |             (q1) edge[bend left] node[right] {\alert{$b$}} (q3)
 | |
| 1938 |             (q3) edge[bend left] node[left]  {\alert{$b$}} (q1);
 | |
| 1939 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1940 | \end{center}
 | |
| 1941 | ||
| 1942 | \hfill{}Which language?
 | |
| 1943 | ||
| 1944 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1945 | } | |
| 1946 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1947 | ||
| 1948 | ||
| 966 | 1949 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 1950 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1951 | \frametitle{\mbox{CW1: Regexes and \boldmath$L$-function}}
 | |
| 1952 | ||
| 1953 | Given | |
| 1954 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 1955 | \begin{tabular}{@ {}l@ {\hspace{20mm}}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}l}
 | |
| 1956 | \bl{$r^+$}        & \bl{$L(r^+)$}         & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\bigcup_{1\le i}.\;L(r)^i$}\\
 | |
| 1957 | \bl{$r^?$}        & \bl{$L(r^?)$}         & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$L(r) \cup \{[]\}$}\\  
 | |
| 1958 | \bl{$r_1 \,\&\, r_2$} &  \bl{$L(r_1 \& r_2)$} &  \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$L(r_1) \cap L(r_2)$} \\
 | |
| 1959 | \bl{$r^{\{n\}}$}   & \bl{$L(r^{\{n\}})$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$L(r)^n$}\\
 | |
| 1960 | \bl{$r^{\{..m\}}$}   & \bl{$L(r^{\{..m\}})$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\bigcup_{0\le i \le m}.\;L(r)^i$}\\
 | |
| 1961 | \bl{$r^{\{n..\}}$}   & \bl{$L(r^{\{n..\}})$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\bigcup_{n\le i}.\;L(r)^i$}\\
 | |
| 1962 | \bl{$r^{\{n..m\}}$}   & \bl{$L(r^{\{n..m\}})$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\bigcup_{n\le i \le m}.\;L(r)^i$}\\      
 | |
| 1963 | \bl{$\sim{}r$}   & \bl{$L(\sim{}r)$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\Sigma^* - L(r)$}\\      
 | |
| 1964 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1965 | \end{center}
 | |
| 1966 | ||
| 1967 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1968 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1969 | ||
| 1970 | ||
| 1971 | ||
| 1972 | ||
| 1973 | ||
| 1974 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1975 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1976 | \frametitle{Nullable}
 | |
| 1977 | ||
| 1978 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 1979 | \begin{tabular}{@ {}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@ {}}
 | |
| 1980 | \bl{$nullable(r^+)$}    & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$nullable(r)$}\\
 | |
| 1981 | \bl{$nullable(r^?)$}       & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{true}}\\
 | |
| 1982 | \bl{$nullable(r_1 \,\&\, r_2)$}  & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$nullable(r_1) \wedge nullable(r_2)$}\\
 | |
| 1983 | \bl{$nullable(r^{\{n\}})$}     & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} \textit{true} \textit{else} $nullable(r)$} \\ 
 | |
| 1984 | \bl{$nullable(r^{\{..m\}})$} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{true}} \\
 | |
| 1985 | \bl{$nullable (r^{\{n..\}})$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} \textit{true} \textit{else} $nullable(r)$}\\
 | |
| 1986 | \bl{$nullable (r^{\{n..m\}})$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} \textit{true} \textit{else} $nullable(r)$}\\  
 | |
| 1987 | \bl{$nullable (\sim{}r)$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$!\,nullable(r)$}\\
 | |
| 1988 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1989 | \end{center}
 | |
| 1990 | ||
| 1991 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1992 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1993 | ||
| 1994 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1995 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1996 | \frametitle{Derivative}
 | |
| 1997 | ||
| 1998 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 1999 | \begin{tabular}{@ {}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@ {}}
 | |
| 2000 | \bl{$der\,c\,(r^+)$}    & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^*$}\\
 | |
| 2001 | \bl{$der\,c\,(r^?)$}       & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$der\,c\,r$}\\
 | |
| 2002 | \bl{$der\,c\,(r_1 \,\&\, r_2)$}  & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$(der\,c\,r_1) \;\&\; (der\,c\,r_2)$}\\
 | |
| 2003 | \bl{$der\,c\,(r^{\{n\}})$}     & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} $\ZERO$ \textit{else} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{n - 1\}}$} \\ 
 | |
| 2004 | \bl{$der\,c\,(r^{\{..m\}})$} & \bl{$\dn$} &  \bl{\textit{if} $m = 0$ \textit{then} $\ZERO$ \textit{else} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{..m - 1\}}$}\\
 | |
| 2005 | \bl{$der\,c\,(r^{\{n..\}})$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^*$ \textit{else} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{n - 1..\}}$}\\
 | |
| 2006 |   \bl{$der\,c\,(r^{\{n..m\}})$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0 \wedge m = 0$ \textit{then} $\ZERO$ \textit{else}}\\
 | |
| 2007 |                         &            & \bl{\textit{if} $ n = 0$ \textit{then} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{..m-1\}}$
 | |
| 2008 |                                        \textit{else} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{n-1..m-1\}}$}\\  
 | |
| 2009 | \bl{$der\,c\,(\sim{}r)$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\sim\,(der\,c\,r)$}\\
 | |
| 2010 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 2011 | \end{center}
 | |
| 2012 | ||
| 2013 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 2014 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 2015 | ||
| 2016 | ||
| 781 | 2017 | |
| 847 | 2018 | \begin{frame}<1-15>[c]
 | 
| 2019 | ||
| 781 | 2020 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 2021 | ||
| 966 | 2022 | % \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 2023 | % \begin{mybox3}{}
 | |
| 2024 | % I always thought dfa's needed a transition for each state for each | |
| 2025 | % character, and if not it would be an nfa not a dfa. Is there an | |
| 2026 | % example that disproves this? | |
| 2027 | % \end{mybox3}
 | |
| 2028 | % \end{frame}
 | |
| 781 | 2029 | |
| 966 | 2030 | % \begin{frame}<1-12>[c]
 | 
| 2031 | % \end{frame}
 | |
| 781 | 2032 | |
| 966 | 2033 | % \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 2034 | % \begin{mybox3}{}
 | |
| 2035 | % Do the regular expression matchers in Python and Java 8 have more | |
| 2036 | % features than the one implemented in this module? Or is there | |
| 2037 | % another reason for their inefficiency? | |
| 2038 | % \end{mybox3}
 | |
| 2039 | % \end{frame}
 | |
| 782 | 2040 | |
| 891 | 2041 | |
| 966 | 2042 | % \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 2043 | %   \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 2044 | % \item CW / censored some msgs | |
| 2045 | % \item power law / proof | |
| 2046 | % \item CW feedback | |
| 2047 | % \item too polished CW submissions | |
| 2048 | % \item no open book | |
| 2049 | %   \end{itemize}  
 | |
| 2050 | % \end{frame}
 | |
| 891 | 2051 | |
| 2052 | ||
| 25 | 2053 | \end{document}
 | 
| 2054 | ||
| 2055 | %%% Local Variables: | |
| 2056 | %%% mode: latex | |
| 2057 | %%% TeX-master: t | |
| 2058 | %%% End: | |
| 2059 |