| author | Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk> | 
| Fri, 24 Oct 2025 10:52:05 +0100 | |
| changeset 1017 | 37b126dbb0e7 | 
| parent 1010 | adc61c55e165 | 
| permissions | -rw-r--r-- | 
| 651 | 1 | % !TEX program = xelatex | 
| 743 | 2 | \documentclass[dvipsnames,14pt,t,xelatex,aspectratio=169,xcolor={table}]{beamer}
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changeset | 3 | \usepackage{../slides}
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| 871 | 4 | \usepackage{../graphicss}
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changeset | 5 | \usepackage{../langs}
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changeset | 6 | \usepackage{../data}
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| 25 | 7 | |
| 781 | 8 | \usepackage{tcolorbox}
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| 9 | \newtcolorbox{mybox}{colback=red!5!white,colframe=red!75!black}
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| 10 | \newtcolorbox{mybox2}[1]{colback=red!5!white,colframe=red!75!black,fonttitle=\bfseries,title=#1}
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| 11 | \newtcolorbox{mybox3}[1]{colback=Cyan!5!white,colframe=Cyan!75!black,fonttitle=\bfseries,title=#1}
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| 12 | ||
| 13 | ||
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changeset | 14 | \hfuzz=220pt | 
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changeset | 15 | |
| 781 | 16 | \pgfplotsset{compat=1.17}
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changeset | 17 | |
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changeset | 18 | \newcommand{\bl}[1]{\textcolor{blue}{#1}}  
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| 25 | 19 | |
| 20 | % beamer stuff | |
| 445 | 21 | \renewcommand{\slidecaption}{CFL 03, King's College London}
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| 25 | 22 | |
| 23 | \begin{document}
 | |
| 24 | ||
| 25 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
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changeset | 26 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 25 | 27 | \frametitle{%
 | 
| 28 |   \begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}
 | |
| 29 | \\[-3mm] | |
| 889 | 30 | \LARGE Compilers and \\[-1mm] | 
| 31 | \LARGE Formal Languages\\[-5mm] | |
| 25 | 32 |   \end{tabular}}
 | 
| 33 | ||
| 651 | 34 | \normalsize | 
| 25 | 35 |   \begin{center}
 | 
| 651 | 36 |   \begin{tabular}{ll}
 | 
| 966 | 37 | Email: & christian.urban at kcl.ac.uk\\ | 
| 1006 | 38 | Office Hour: & Friday 11:30 -- 12:30\\ | 
| 889 | 39 | Location: & N7.07 (North Wing, Bush House)\\ | 
| 40 | Slides \& Progs: & KEATS\\ | |
| 1008 | 41 |   %%Pollev: & \texttt{\alert{https://pollev.com/cfltutoratki576}}\\  
 | 
| 25 | 42 |   \end{tabular}
 | 
| 889 | 43 |   \end{center}
 | 
| 743 | 44 | |
| 45 |   \begin{center}
 | |
| 46 |     \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 47 | \node[drop shadow,fill=white,inner sep=0pt] | |
| 48 |       {\footnotesize\rowcolors{1}{capri!10}{white}
 | |
| 49 |         \begin{tabular}{|p{4.8cm}|p{4.8cm}|}\hline
 | |
| 50 | 1 Introduction, Languages & 6 While-Language \\ | |
| 51 | 2 Regular Expressions, Derivatives & 7 Compilation, JVM \\ | |
| 52 |           \cellcolor{blue!50}
 | |
| 53 | 3 Automata, Regular Languages & 8 Compiling Functional Languages \\ | |
| 54 | 4 Lexing, Tokenising & 9 Optimisations \\ | |
| 55 | 5 Grammars, Parsing & 10 LLVM \\ \hline | |
| 56 |         \end{tabular}%
 | |
| 57 | }; | |
| 58 |     \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 25 | 59 |   \end{center}
 | 
| 60 | ||
| 1006 | 61 | \begin{textblock}{5}(12,3)
 | 
| 62 |   \includegraphics[scale=0.35]{qr01}\\
 | |
| 1008 | 63 |   \small{}Wifi: IET-Guest\\
 | 
| 1006 | 64 |   \end{textblock} 
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changeset | 65 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 445 | 66 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 67 | ||
| 1009 | 68 | |
| 69 | ||
| 1010 | 70 | |
| 1009 | 71 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 966 | 72 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 1009 | 73 | |
| 74 | \begin{mybox3}{From Mentimeter}\it    
 | |
| 75 | Is there a specific reason Python and the other programming | |
| 76 | languages have not implemented their regex matcher like the much | |
| 77 | faster algorithms described in the videos? | |
| 78 | \end{mybox3}  
 | |
| 79 | ||
| 80 | \begin{mybox3}{From the Survey}\it    
 | |
| 81 | If worst case for regex with derivatives is same as a | |
| 82 | normal regex engine, why is there a heavy focus on regex | |
| 83 | for lexer given most languages don't use it. | |
| 84 | \end{mybox3}  
 | |
| 966 | 85 | |
| 86 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1009 | 87 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 88 | ||
| 89 | ||
| 90 | ||
| 91 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 92 | %{
 | |
| 93 | %\setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
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| 94 | %\begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 95 | %\frametitle{For Installation Problems}
 | |
| 96 | % | |
| 97 | %\begin{itemize}
 | |
| 98 | %\item Harry Dilnot (harry.dilnot@kcl.ac.uk) \\ | |
| 99 | % \;\;Windows expert | |
| 100 | %\item Oliver Iliffe (oliver.iliffe@kcl.ac.uk) | |
| 101 | %\end{itemize}
 | |
| 102 | % | |
| 103 | %\end{frame}
 | |
| 104 | %} | |
| 966 | 105 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 106 | ||
| 107 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1008 | 108 | %\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 109 | % | |
| 110 | %\begin{mybox3}{From Pollev last week}\it    
 | |
| 111 | %Is the equivalence of two regexes belong in the P or NP class of problems? | |
| 112 | %\end{mybox3}  
 | |
| 113 | % | |
| 114 | %\end{frame}
 | |
| 966 | 115 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 116 | ||
| 117 | ||
| 118 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1008 | 119 | %\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 120 | % | |
| 121 | %\begin{mybox3}{From Pollev last week}\it    
 | |
| 122 | % If state machines are not efficient, then how/why do many lexer | |
| 123 | % packages like the logos crate in rust compile down a lexer | |
| 124 | % definition down to a jump table driven state machine? | |
| 125 | %  \textcolor{gray}{Could we
 | |
| 126 | % achieve quicker lexing with things like SIMD instructions?} | |
| 127 | %\end{mybox3}  
 | |
| 128 | %\end{frame}
 | |
| 966 | 129 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 130 | ||
| 131 | ||
| 132 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 133 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 971 | 134 | %%\frametitle{\boldmath$(abcdef)^{\{n\}}$ in Rust and Scala}
 | 
| 966 | 135 | |
| 136 | \begin{textblock}{14}(1,3)
 | |
| 137 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 138 | \begin{axis}[
 | |
| 971 | 139 |     xlabel={\bl{n} copies of \bl{\texttt{"}abcdef\texttt{"}}}, 
 | 
| 966 | 140 |     x label style={at={(0.45,-0.16)}},
 | 
| 141 |     ylabel={time in secs},
 | |
| 142 | enlargelimits=false, | |
| 143 |     ytick={0,10,...,60},
 | |
| 144 | ymax=65, | |
| 145 | xmax=50000, | |
| 146 |     xtick={0,10000,...,40000},
 | |
| 147 | scaled ticks=false, | |
| 148 | axis lines=left, | |
| 149 | width=10cm, | |
| 150 | height=6cm, | |
| 151 |     legend entries={Rust, Scala V3},
 | |
| 971 | 152 |     legend style={font=\small,at={(1.0,0.48)},anchor=north},
 | 
| 966 | 153 | legend cell align=left] | 
| 154 |     \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-rust2.data};
 | |
| 155 |     \only<2>{\addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-scala2.data};}
 | |
| 156 | \end{axis}
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| 157 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 158 | \end{textblock}
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| 159 | ||
| 971 | 160 | \begin{textblock}{9}(1.8,1.8)
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| 161 | {Regular expression: \bl{\texttt{(abcdef)$^{\{\textrm{n}\}}$}}}
 | |
| 162 | \end{textblock}
 | |
| 163 | ||
| 164 | \begin{textblock}{6}(10.5,11.4)
 | |
| 165 | {\bl{$n$}}
 | |
| 166 | \end{textblock}
 | |
| 167 | ||
| 966 | 168 | \end{frame}
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| 169 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 170 | ||
| 971 | 171 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 172 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 173 | %%\frametitle{\boldmath$(abcdef)^{\{n\}}$ in Rust and Scala}
 | |
| 174 | ||
| 175 | \begin{textblock}{14}(1,3)
 | |
| 176 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 177 | \begin{axis}[
 | |
| 178 |     xlabel={strings of the form \bl{$\underbrace{\texttt{a}...\texttt{a}}_n$}}, 
 | |
| 179 |     x label style={at={(0.45,-0.16)}},
 | |
| 180 |     ylabel={time in secs},
 | |
| 181 | enlargelimits=false, | |
| 182 |     xtick={0,5,10,...,30},
 | |
| 183 | xmax=35, | |
| 184 | ymax=35, | |
| 185 |     ytick={0,10,...,30},
 | |
| 186 | scaled ticks=false, | |
| 187 | axis lines=left, | |
| 188 | width=10cm, | |
| 189 | height=6cm, | |
| 190 |     legend entries={Python,JavaScript,Swift,Dart},
 | |
| 191 |     legend style={font=\small,at={(1.15,0.78)},anchor=north},
 | |
| 192 | legend cell align=left] | |
| 193 |     \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
 | |
| 194 |     \addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-js.data};
 | |
| 195 |     \addplot[magenta,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-swift.data};
 | |
| 196 |     \addplot[brown,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-dart.data};
 | |
| 197 | ||
| 198 | \end{axis}
 | |
| 199 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 200 | \end{textblock}
 | |
| 201 | ||
| 202 | \begin{textblock}{6}(1.8,1.8)
 | |
| 203 | {Regular expression: \bl{\texttt{(a*)*$\,$b}}}
 | |
| 204 | \end{textblock}
 | |
| 205 | ||
| 206 | \begin{textblock}{6}(10.5,11.4)
 | |
| 207 | {\bl{$n$}}
 | |
| 208 | \end{textblock}
 | |
| 209 | ||
| 210 | \end{frame}
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| 211 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 212 | ||
| 213 | % @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ | |
| 976 | 214 | %\end{document}
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| 971 | 215 | % @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ | 
| 216 | ||
| 966 | 217 | |
| 218 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1009 | 219 | %\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 220 | % | |
| 221 | %\begin{mybox3}{From Pollev last week}\it    
 | |
| 222 | % For a regular expression $r = r_1 \cdot r_2$, to prove that | |
| 223 | %  $der\;c\;r = (der\;c\;r) \cdot r^{\{n-1\}}$, is there a
 | |
| 224 | % way to prove it in the general case instead | |
| 225 | % of how you do the calculations for each $n$ in the videos? | |
| 226 | %\end{mybox3}  
 | |
| 227 | % | |
| 228 | %\end{frame}
 | |
| 966 | 229 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 230 | ||
| 1010 | 231 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 232 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 233 | \frametitle{Coursework}
 | |
| 234 | ||
| 235 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 236 | \item CW1 : Week 2 | |
| 237 | \item CW2 : Week 4 | |
| 238 | \item CW3 : Week 5 + 6 | |
| 239 | \item CW4 : Week 7 + 8 | |
| 240 | \item CW5 : Week 10 | |
| 241 | \end{itemize}
 | |
| 242 | ||
| 243 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 244 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 245 | ||
| 246 | ||
| 966 | 247 | |
| 248 | ||
| 940 | 249 | {
 | 
| 250 | \setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
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| 251 | \begin{frame}<1-10>[c]
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| 252 | \end{frame}
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| 253 | } | |
| 254 | ||
| 255 | ||
| 256 | ||
| 257 | ||
| 445 | 258 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 776 | 259 | %\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 260 | %\frametitle{Scala Book, Exams}
 | |
| 261 | % | |
| 262 | %\begin{itemize}
 | |
| 263 | %\item \small https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/ProgInScala2ed.pdf\normalsize | |
| 264 | %\item homework (written exam 80\%) | |
| 265 | %\item coursework (20\%)\bigskip | |
| 266 | %\item short survey at KEATS; to be answered until Sunday | |
| 267 | %\end{itemize}
 | |
| 445 | 268 | |
| 776 | 269 | %\end{frame}
 | 
| 445 | 270 | %%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 25 | 271 | |
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changeset | 274 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 25 | 275 | \begin{frame}[t]
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| 651 | 276 | \frametitle{(Basic) Regular Expressions}
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| 25 | 277 | |
| 278 | \begin{center}
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changeset | 279 |    \begin{tabular}{@ {}rrl@ {\hspace{13mm}}l}
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| 515 | 280 |   \bl{$r$} & \bl{$::=$}  & \bl{$\ZERO$}  & nothing\\
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| 445 | 281 |          & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$\ONE$}        & empty string / "" / $[]$\\
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changeset | 282 |          & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$c$}                         & character\\
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changeset | 283 |          & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r_1 \cdot r_2$} & sequence\\
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changeset | 284 |          & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r_1 + r_2$}  & alternative / choice\\
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changeset | 285 |          & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r^*$}                   & star (zero or more)\\
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changeset | 286 |   \end{tabular}
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| 25 | 287 |   \end{center}
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changeset | 288 | |
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changeset | 289 | How about ranges \bl{$[a\mbox{-}z]$}, \bl{$r^+$} and \bl{$\sim{}r$}? Do they increase the
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changeset | 290 | set of languages we can recognise? | 
| 25 | 291 | |
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changeset | 292 | \end{frame}
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| 25 | 293 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 294 | ||
| 295 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 776 | 296 | \begin{frame}[t]
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changeset | 297 | \frametitle{Negation}
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changeset | 298 | |
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changeset | 299 | Assume you have an alphabet consisting of the letters \bl{$a$}, \bl{$b$} and \bl{$c$} only.
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changeset | 300 | Find a (basic!) regular expression that matches all strings \emph{\alert{except}} 
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changeset | 301 | \bl{$ab$} and \bl{$ac$}!
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changeset | 303 | \end{frame}
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changeset | 304 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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| 25 | 306 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 573 | 307 | \begin{frame}[t]
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changeset | 308 | \frametitle{Automata}
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| 25 | 309 | |
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changeset | 310 | A \alert{\bf deterministic finite automaton}, DFA, consists of:
 | 
| 25 | 311 | |
| 312 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 515 | 313 | \item an alphabet \bl{$\varSigma$}  
 | 
| 574 | 314 | \item a set of states \bl{$\mbox{Qs}$}
 | 
| 515 | 315 | \item one of these states is the start state \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$}
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changeset | 316 | \item some states are accepting states \bl{$F$}, and
 | 
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changeset | 317 | \item there is transition function \bl{$\delta$}\bigskip 
 | 
| 25 | 318 | |
| 319 | \small | |
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changeset | 320 | which takes a state as argument and a character and produces a | 
| 515 | 321 | new state; this function might not be everywhere defined $\Rightarrow$ partial function | 
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changeset | 322 | \end{itemize}
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changeset | 324 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 574 | 325 | \bl{$A(\varSigma, \mbox{Qs}, \mbox{Q}_0, F, \delta)$}
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changeset | 326 | \end{center}
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changeset | 328 | \end{frame}
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changeset | 329 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 332 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 333 | \begin{frame}[c]
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changeset | 335 | \begin{center}
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changeset | 336 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 573 | 337 |   every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,
 | 
| 338 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},] | |
| 515 | 339 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
| 340 | \node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 341 | \node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 342 | \node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 343 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};
 | |
| 344 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 345 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 346 | \path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 347 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 348 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | |
| 349 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 350 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 351 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 352 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);
 | |
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changeset | 353 | \end{tikzpicture}
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changeset | 354 | \end{center}
 | 
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changeset | 355 | |
| 573 | 356 | \mbox{}\\[-14mm]
 | 
| 357 | \only<1>{
 | |
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changeset | 358 | \begin{itemize}
 | 
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changeset | 359 | \item the start state can be an accepting state | 
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changeset | 360 | \item it is possible that there is no accepting state | 
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changeset | 361 | \item all states might be accepting (but this does not necessarily mean all strings are accepted) | 
| 573 | 362 | \end{itemize}}
 | 
| 363 | \only<2>{
 | |
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changeset | 364 | for this automaton \bl{$\delta$} is the function\\
 | 
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changeset | 365 | |
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changeset | 366 | \begin{center}
 | 
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changeset | 367 | \begin{tabular}{lll}
 | 
| 515 | 368 |   \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_0, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_4$}
 | 
| 369 |   & \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_4, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_4$}\\
 | |
| 370 |   \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_0, b) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, b) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_2$} &
 | |
| 371 |   \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_4, b) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_4$}\\
 | |
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changeset | 372 | \end{tabular}\ldots
 | 
| 573 | 373 | \end{center}  
 | 
| 374 | } | |
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changeset | 375 | |
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changeset | 376 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 377 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 378 | |
| 573 | 379 | |
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changeset | 380 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 381 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
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changeset | 382 | \frametitle{Accepting a String}
 | 
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changeset | 383 | |
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changeset | 384 | Given | 
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changeset | 385 | |
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changeset | 386 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 574 | 387 | \bl{$A(\varSigma, \mbox{Qs}, \mbox{Q}_0, F, \delta)$}
 | 
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changeset | 388 | \end{center}
 | 
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changeset | 389 | |
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changeset | 390 | you can define | 
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changeset | 391 | |
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changeset | 392 | \begin{center}
 | 
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changeset | 393 | \begin{tabular}{l}
 | 
| 778 | 394 | \bl{$\widehat{\delta}(Q, []) \dn Q$}\\
 | 
| 395 | \bl{$\widehat{\delta}(Q, c::s) \dn \widehat{\delta}(\delta(Q, c), s)$}\\
 | |
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changeset | 396 | \end{tabular}
 | 
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changeset | 397 | \end{center}\pause
 | 
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changeset | 398 | |
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changeset | 399 | Whether a string \bl{$s$} is accepted by \bl{$A$}?
 | 
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changeset | 400 | |
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changeset | 401 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 517 | 402 | \hspace{5mm}\bl{$\widehat{\delta}(\mbox{Q}_0, s) \in F$}
 | 
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changeset | 403 | \end{center}
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changeset | 404 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 405 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 406 | |
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changeset | 407 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 408 | \begin{frame}[c]
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changeset | 409 | \frametitle{Regular Languages}
 | 
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changeset | 410 | |
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changeset | 411 | A \alert{\bf language} is a set of strings.\bigskip
 | 
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changeset | 412 | |
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changeset | 413 | A \alert{\bf regular expression} specifies a language.\bigskip
 | 
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changeset | 414 | |
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changeset | 415 | A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists
 | 
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changeset | 416 | a regular expression that recognises all its strings.\bigskip\bigskip\pause | 
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changeset | 417 | |
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changeset | 418 | not all languages are regular, e.g.~\bl{$a^nb^n$} is not
 | 
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changeset | 419 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 420 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 421 | |
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changeset | 422 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 423 | \begin{frame}[c]
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changeset | 424 | \frametitle{Regular Languages (2)}
 | 
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changeset | 425 | |
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changeset | 426 | A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a regular
 | 
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changeset | 427 | expression that recognises all its strings.\bigskip\medskip | 
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changeset | 428 | |
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changeset | 429 | or {\bf equivalently}\bigskip\medskip
 | 
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changeset | 430 | |
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changeset | 431 | A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a
 | 
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changeset | 432 | deterministic finite automaton that recognises all its | 
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changeset | 433 | strings. | 
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changeset | 434 | |
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changeset | 435 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 436 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 437 | |
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changeset | 439 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 440 | \begin{frame}[c]
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changeset | 441 | \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}
 | 
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changeset | 442 | Non-Deterministic\\[-1mm] | 
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changeset | 443 |               Finite Automata\end{tabular}}
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changeset | 444 | |
| 779 | 445 | \bl{$N(\varSigma, \mbox{Qs}, \mbox{Qs}_0, F, \rho)$}\\
 | 
| 446 | A non-deterministic finite automaton (NFA) consists of: | |
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changeset | 447 | |
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changeset | 448 | \begin{itemize}
 | 
| 779 | 449 | \item a finite set of states, \bl{$Qs$}
 | 
| 450 | \item \underline{some} these states are the start states, \bl{$Qs_0$}
 | |
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changeset | 451 | \item some states are accepting states, and | 
| 779 | 452 | \item there is transition \alert{relation}, \bl{$\rho$}\medskip 
 | 
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changeset | 453 | \end{itemize}
 | 
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changeset | 454 | |
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changeset | 455 | |
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changeset | 456 | \begin{center}
 | 
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changeset | 457 | \begin{tabular}{c}
 | 
| 515 | 458 | \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
 | 
| 459 | \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_3$}\\
 | |
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changeset | 460 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 515 | 461 | \bl{\ldots}
 | 
| 462 | \hspace{10mm}\pause
 | |
| 463 | \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \{\mbox{Q}_2, \mbox{Q}_3\}$}
 | |
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changeset | 464 | \end{center}
 | 
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changeset | 465 | |
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changeset | 466 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 467 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 468 | |
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changeset | 469 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 470 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 515 | 471 | \frametitle{An NFA Example}
 | 
| 472 | ||
| 473 | % A NFA for (ab* + b)*a | |
| 474 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 475 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick, auto,
 | |
| 476 |     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=3pt,
 | |
| 477 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},scale=2] | |
| 478 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | |
| 479 | \node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 480 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 481 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 482 | \path[<-] (Q_0) edge node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 483 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 484 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [bend right] node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 485 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a,b$}} ();
 | |
| 486 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node  [above] {\alert{$a$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 487 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 488 | \end{center}
 | |
| 489 | ||
| 490 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 491 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 492 | ||
| 493 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 494 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 574 | 495 | \frametitle{Another Example}
 | 
| 496 | ||
| 497 | For the regular expression \bl{$(.^*)a\,(.^{\{n\}})bc$}\bigskip\bigskip
 | |
| 498 | ||
| 499 | % \begin{center}
 | |
| 650 | 500 | \mbox{}\hspace{-11.5mm}
 | 
| 574 | 501 | 	\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick, auto,
 | 
| 502 | 	every state/.style={minimum size=5pt,inner sep=1pt,
 | |
| 503 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},scale=1, node distance=5mm, | |
| 504 | 	decoration={brace,mirror,amplitude=7}]
 | |
| 505 | 	\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\;0\;$};
 | |
| 506 | 	\node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\;1\;$};
 | |
| 507 | 	\node[state] (Q_2) [right=of Q_1] {$\;2\;$};
 | |
| 508 | 	\node (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\hspace{-1mm}\ldots\hspace{-3mm}$};
 | |
| 509 | 	\node[state] (Q_4) [right=of Q_3] {$\;\phantom{1}\;$};
 | |
| 510 | 	\node (Q_5) [right=of Q_4] {$\hspace{-1mm}\ldots\hspace{-3mm}$};
 | |
| 511 | 	\node[state] (Q_6) [right=of Q_5] {\tiny$n+1$};
 | |
| 512 | 	\node[state] (Q_7) [right=of Q_6] {\tiny$n+2$};
 | |
| 513 | 	\node[state,accepting] (Q_8) [right=of Q_7] {\tiny$n+3$};
 | |
| 514 | ||
| 515 | 	\path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop above] node {$*$} ();
 | |
| 516 | 	\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above] {$a$} (Q_1);
 | |
| 517 | 	\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above] {$*$} (Q_2);
 | |
| 518 | 	\path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above] {$*$} (Q_3);
 | |
| 519 | 	\path[->] (Q_4) edge node [above] {$*$} (Q_5);
 | |
| 520 | 	\path[->] (Q_5) edge node [above] {$*$} (Q_6);
 | |
| 521 | 	\path[->] (Q_6) edge node [above] {$b$} (Q_7);
 | |
| 522 | 	\path[->] (Q_7) edge node [above] {$c$} (Q_8);
 | |
| 523 | ||
| 524 | 	\draw [decorate] ([yshift=-5mm]Q_1.east) --node[below=3mm]{$n$} ([yshift=-5mm]Q_6.west);
 | |
| 525 | 	\end{tikzpicture}\bigskip
 | |
| 526 | ||
| 527 | ||
| 528 | {\small Note the star-transitions: accept any character.}
 | |
| 529 | ||
| 530 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 531 | ||
| 532 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 533 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 515 | 534 | \frametitle{Two Epsilon NFA Examples}
 | 
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changeset | 535 | |
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changeset | 536 | \small | 
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changeset | 537 | \begin{center}
 | 
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changeset | 538 | \begin{tabular}[t]{c@{\hspace{9mm}}c}
 | 
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changeset | 539 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
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changeset | 540 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
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changeset | 541 | \node[state,initial]  (q_0)  {$q_0$};
 | 
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changeset | 542 | \node[state] (q_1) [above=of q_0] {$q_1$};
 | 
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changeset | 543 | \node[state, accepting] (q_2) [below=of q_0] {$q_2$};
 | 
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changeset | 544 | \path[->] (q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (q_1);
 | 
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changeset | 545 | \path[->] (q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (q_2);
 | 
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changeset | 546 | \path[->] (q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
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changeset | 547 | \path[->] (q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
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changeset | 548 | \path[->] (q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
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changeset | 549 | \end{tikzpicture} &
 | 
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changeset | 550 | |
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changeset | 551 | \raisebox{20mm}{
 | 
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changeset | 552 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
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changeset | 553 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
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changeset | 554 | \node[state,initial]  (r_1)  {$r_1$};
 | 
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changeset | 555 | \node[state] (r_2) [above=of r_1] {$r_2$};
 | 
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changeset | 556 | \node[state, accepting] (r_3) [right=of r_1] {$r_3$};
 | 
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changeset | 557 | \path[->] (r_1) edge node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (r_3);
 | 
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changeset | 558 | \path[->] (r_2) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (r_3);
 | 
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changeset | 559 | \path[->] (r_1) edge [bend left] node  [left] {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (r_2);
 | 
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changeset | 560 | \path[->] (r_2) edge [bend left] node  [right] {\alert{$a$}} (r_1);
 | 
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changeset | 561 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
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changeset | 562 | \end{tabular}
 | 
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changeset | 563 | \end{center}
 | 
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changeset | 564 | |
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changeset | 565 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 566 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 567 | |
| 515 | 568 | |
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changeset | 569 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 570 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 779 | 571 | \frametitle{Thompson: Rexp to $\epsilon$NFA}
 | 
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changeset | 572 | |
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changeset | 573 | \begin{center}
 | 
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changeset | 574 | \begin{tabular}[t]{l@{\hspace{10mm}}l}
 | 
| 445 | 575 | \raisebox{1mm}{\bl{$\ZERO$}} & 
 | 
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changeset | 576 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick, every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 577 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 578 | \end{tikzpicture}\\\\
 | 
| 445 | 579 | \raisebox{1mm}{\bl{$\ONE$}} & 
 | 
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changeset | 580 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick, every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 581 | \node[state, initial, accepting]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 582 | \end{tikzpicture}\\\\
 | 
| 651 | 583 | \raisebox{5mm}{\bl{$c$}} & 
 | 
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changeset | 584 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick, every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 585 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 586 | \node[state, accepting]  (Q_1)  [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 587 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [below]  {\alert{$c$}} (Q_1);
 | |
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changeset | 588 | \end{tikzpicture}\\\\
 | 
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changeset | 589 | \end{tabular}
 | 
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changeset | 590 | \end{center}
 | 
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changeset | 591 | |
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changeset | 592 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 593 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 594 | |
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changeset | 595 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 596 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
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changeset | 597 | \frametitle{Case $r_1\cdot r_2$}
 | 
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changeset | 598 | |
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changeset | 599 | \mbox{}\bigskip
 | 
| 515 | 600 | \onslide<1->{By recursion we are given two automata:\bigskip}
 | 
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changeset | 601 | |
| 515 | 602 | {\centering%
 | 
| 603 | \only<1>{%
 | |
| 604 | \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 605 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 606 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}]
 | |
| 607 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 608 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_01) [below=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
| 609 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_02) [above=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
| 610 | \node (R_1)  [right=of Q_0] {$\ldots$};
 | |
| 611 | \node[state, accepting]  (T_1)  [right=of R_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 612 | \node[state, accepting]  (T_2)  [above=of T_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 613 | \node[state, accepting]  (T_3)  [below=of T_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 614 | ||
| 615 | \node (A_0)  [right=2.5cm of T_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 616 | \node[state, initial]  (A_01)  [above=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 617 | \node[state, initial]  (A_02)  [below=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 618 | ||
| 619 | \node (b_1)  [right=of A_0] {$\ldots$};
 | |
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changeset | 620 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_1)  [right=of b_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 621 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_2)  [above=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 622 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_3)  [below=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 623 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | 
| 515 | 624 | \node (1) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, | 
| 625 |     draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (Q_0) (R_1) (T_1) (T_2) (T_3)] {};
 | |
| 626 | \node (2) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, | |
| 627 |     draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (A_0) (b_1) (c_1) (c_2) (c_3)] {};
 | |
| 628 | \node [yshift=2mm] at (1.north) {$r_1$};
 | |
| 629 | \node [yshift=2mm] at (2.north) {$r_2$};
 | |
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changeset | 630 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | 
| 515 | 631 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 632 | \only<2>{%
 | |
| 633 | \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 634 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 635 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | |
| 636 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 637 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_01) [below=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
| 638 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_02) [above=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
| 639 | \node (r_1)  [right=of Q_0] {$\ldots$};
 | |
| 640 | \node[state]  (t_1)  [right=of r_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 641 | \node[state]  (t_2)  [above=of t_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 642 | \node[state]  (t_3)  [below=of t_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 643 | ||
| 644 | \node  (A_0)  [right=2.5cm of t_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 645 | \node[state]  (A_01)  [above=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 646 | \node[state]  (A_02)  [below=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 647 | ||
| 648 | \node (b_1)  [right=of A_0] {$\ldots$};
 | |
| 649 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_1)  [right=of b_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 650 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_2)  [above=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 651 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_3)  [below=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 652 | \path[->] (t_1) edge (A_01); | |
| 653 | \path[->] (t_2) edge node [above]  {$\epsilon$s} (A_01);
 | |
| 654 | \path[->] (t_3) edge (A_01); | |
| 655 | \path[->] (t_1) edge (A_02); | |
| 656 | \path[->] (t_2) edge (A_02); | |
| 657 | \path[->] (t_3) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$s} (A_02);
 | |
| 658 | ||
| 659 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | |
| 660 | \node (3) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, | |
| 661 |     draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (Q_0) (c_1) (c_2) (c_3)] {};
 | |
| 662 | \node [yshift=2mm] at (3.north) {$r_1\cdot r_2$};
 | |
| 663 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | |
| 664 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | |
| 665 | % | |
| 666 | }\bigskip\bigskip | |
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changeset | 667 | |
| 
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changeset | 668 | \small | 
| 
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changeset | 669 | We need to (1) change the accepting nodes of the first automaton into non-accepting nodes, and (2) connect them | 
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changeset | 670 | via $\epsilon$-transitions to the starting state of the second automaton. | 
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changeset | 671 | |
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changeset | 672 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 673 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 674 | |
| 
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changeset | 675 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 676 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 
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changeset | 677 | \frametitle{Case $r_1+ r_2$}
 | 
| 515 | 678 | \mbox{}\\[-8mm]
 | 
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changeset | 679 | |
| 515 | 680 | \onslide<1->{By recursion we are given two automata:\smallskip}
 | 
| 137 
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changeset | 681 | |
| 515 | 682 | \hspace{2cm}
 | 
| 683 | \only<1>{%
 | |
| 684 |   \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 685 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 686 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
 | |
| 687 | baseline=(current bounding box.center)] | |
| 688 | \node at (0,0)  (1)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 689 | \node  (2)  [above=14mm of 1] {};
 | |
| 690 | \node[state, initial]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 691 | \node[state, initial]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 692 | \node[state, initial]  (3)  [below=10mm of 1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
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changeset | 693 | |
| 515 | 694 | \node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots\,$};
 | 
| 695 | \node  (a1)  [right=of a] {$$};
 | |
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changeset | 696 | \node[state, accepting]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 697 | \node[state, accepting]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 698 | |
| 
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changeset | 699 | \node (b)  [right=of 3] {$\ldots$};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 700 | \node[state, accepting]  (b1)  [right=of b] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 701 | \node[state, accepting]  (b2)  [above=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 702 | \node[state, accepting]  (b3)  [below=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 703 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | 
| 515 | 704 | \node (1) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (2) (a1) (a2) (a3)] {};
 | 
| 705 | \node (2) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (3) (b1) (b2) (b3)] {};
 | |
| 706 | \node [yshift=3mm] at (1.north) {$r_1$};
 | |
| 707 | \node [yshift=3mm] at (2.north) {$r_2$};
 | |
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changeset | 708 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | 
| 515 | 709 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 710 | \only<2>{%
 | |
| 711 | \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 712 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 713 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
 | |
| 714 | baseline=(current bounding box.center)] | |
| 715 | \node at (0,0) (1)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 716 | \node (2)  [above=14mm of 1] {$$};
 | |
| 717 | \node[state, initial]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 718 | \node[state, initial]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 719 | \node[state, initial]  (3)  [below=10mm of 1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 720 | ||
| 721 | \node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots\,$};
 | |
| 722 | \node (a1)  [right=of a] {$$};
 | |
| 723 | \node[state, accepting]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 724 | \node[state, accepting]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 725 | ||
| 726 | \node (b)  [right=of 3] {$\ldots$};
 | |
| 727 | \node[state, accepting]  (b1)  [right=of b] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 728 | \node[state, accepting]  (b2)  [above=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 729 | \node[state, accepting]  (b3)  [below=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 730 | ||
| 731 | %\path[->] (1) edge node [above]  {$\epsilon$} (2);
 | |
| 732 | %\path[->] (1) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (3);
 | |
| 733 | ||
| 734 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | |
| 735 | \node (3) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (1) (a2) (a3) (b2) (b3)] {};
 | |
| 736 | \node [yshift=3mm] at (3.north) {$r_1+ r_2$};
 | |
| 737 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | |
| 738 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | |
| 739 | % | |
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changeset | 740 | |
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changeset | 741 | \small | 
| 515 | 742 | \mbox{}\\\medskip
 | 
| 517 | 743 | We can just put both automata together. | 
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changeset | 744 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 745 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 746 | |
| 
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changeset | 747 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 748 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
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changeset | 749 | \frametitle{Case $r^*$}
 | 
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changeset | 750 | |
| 515 | 751 | \onslide<1->{By recursion we are given an automaton for $r$:\smallskip}
 | 
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changeset | 752 | |
| 515 | 753 | \hspace{2cm}
 | 
| 754 | \only<1>{\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 755 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 756 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
 | |
| 757 | baseline=(current bounding box.north)] | |
| 758 | \node (2)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 759 | \node[state, initial]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 760 | \node[state, initial]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
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changeset | 761 | \node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots$};
 | 
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changeset | 762 | \node[state, accepting]  (a1)  [right=of a] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 763 | \node[state, accepting]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 515 | 764 | \node[state, accepting]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 765 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | |
| 766 | \node (1) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (2) (a1) (a2) (a3)] {};
 | |
| 767 | \node [yshift=3mm] at (1.north) {$r$};
 | |
| 768 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | |
| 769 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | |
| 770 | \only<2->{\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 771 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 772 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
 | |
| 773 | baseline=(current bounding box.north)] | |
| 774 | \node at (0,0) [state, initial,accepting]  (1)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 775 | \node (2)  [right=16mm of 1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 776 | \node[state]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 777 | \node[state]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
| 778 | \node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots$};
 | |
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changeset | 779 | \node[state]  (a1)  [right=of a] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
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changeset | 780 | \node[state]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 515 | 781 | \node[state]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 782 | \path[->] (1) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (4);
 | |
| 783 | \path[->] (1) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (5);
 | |
| 784 | \path[->] (a1) edge [bend left=45] node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (1);
 | |
| 785 | \path[->] (a2) edge [bend right] node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (1);
 | |
| 786 | \path[->] (a3) edge [bend left=45] node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (1);
 | |
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changeset | 787 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | 
| 515 | 788 | \node (2) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (1) (a2) (a3)] {};
 | 
| 789 | \node [yshift=3mm] at (2.north) {$r^*$};
 | |
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changeset | 790 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | 
| 515 | 791 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 792 | \bigskip | |
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changeset | 793 | |
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changeset | 794 | \onslide<3->{
 | 
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changeset | 795 | Why can't we just have an epsilon transition from the accepting states to the starting state?} | 
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changeset | 796 | |
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changeset | 797 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 798 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 799 | |
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changeset | 800 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 801 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 779 | 802 | \frametitle{\mbox{NFA Breadth-First: \boldmath{}$a^{?\{n\}}\!\cdot\! a^{\{n\}}$}}
 | 
| 803 | ||
| 804 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 805 |   \begin{axis}[xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
 | |
| 806 |     ylabel={time in secs},
 | |
| 807 | enlargelimits=false, | |
| 808 |     xtick={0,5,...,30},
 | |
| 809 | xmax=30, | |
| 810 | ymax=35, | |
| 811 |     ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | |
| 812 | scaled ticks=false, | |
| 813 | axis lines=left, | |
| 814 | width=9cm, | |
| 815 | height=6cm, | |
| 816 |     legend entries={Python,Ruby,my NFA},
 | |
| 817 | legend pos=outer north east, | |
| 818 | legend cell align=left] | |
| 819 | \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python.data};
 | |
| 820 | \addplot[brown,mark=pentagon*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-ruby.data};  
 | |
| 821 | \addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfabreadth.data};	
 | |
| 822 | \end{axis}
 | |
| 823 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 824 | ||
| 825 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 826 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 827 | ||
| 828 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 829 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 830 |   \frametitle{NFA Breadth-First:\boldmath{}$(a^*)^* \cdot b$}
 | |
| 831 | ||
| 832 | \bigskip | |
| 833 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 834 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 835 |   \begin{axis}[
 | |
| 836 |     xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
 | |
| 837 |     %%x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
 | |
| 838 |     ylabel={time in secs},
 | |
| 839 | enlargelimits=false, | |
| 840 |     xtick={0,10,...,100},
 | |
| 841 | xmax=103, | |
| 842 | ymax=35, | |
| 843 |     ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | |
| 844 | scaled ticks=false, | |
| 845 | axis lines=left, | |
| 846 | width=9cm, | |
| 847 | height=6cm, | |
| 848 |     legend entries={Java 8,Python,JavaScript,Swift,Dart,my NFA},  
 | |
| 849 | legend pos=outer north east, | |
| 850 | legend cell align=left] | |
| 851 | \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
 | |
| 852 | \addplot[cyan,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-java.data};
 | |
| 853 | \addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-js.data};
 | |
| 854 | \addplot[magenta,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-swift.data};
 | |
| 855 | \addplot[brown,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-dart.data};
 | |
| 856 | ||
| 857 | \addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfabreadth2.data};	
 | |
| 858 | \end{axis}
 | |
| 859 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 860 | \end{center}
 | |
| 861 | ||
| 862 | ||
| 863 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 864 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 865 | ||
| 866 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 867 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 868 | \frametitle{NFA Depth-First: \boldmath$a^{?\{n\}} \cdot a^{\{n\}}$}
 | |
| 869 | ||
| 870 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 871 |   \begin{axis}[xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
 | |
| 872 |     ylabel={time in secs},
 | |
| 873 | enlargelimits=false, | |
| 874 |     xtick={0,5,...,30},
 | |
| 875 | xmax=30, | |
| 876 | ymax=35, | |
| 877 |     ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | |
| 878 | scaled ticks=false, | |
| 879 | axis lines=left, | |
| 880 | width=9cm, | |
| 881 | height=6cm, | |
| 882 |     legend entries={Python,Ruby,my NFA},
 | |
| 883 | legend pos=outer north east, | |
| 884 | legend cell align=left] | |
| 885 | \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python.data};
 | |
| 886 | \addplot[brown,mark=pentagon*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-ruby.data};  
 | |
| 887 | \addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfadepth.data};	
 | |
| 888 | \end{axis}
 | |
| 889 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 890 | ||
| 891 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 892 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 893 | ||
| 894 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 895 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 896 |   \frametitle{NFA Depth-First: \boldmath$(a^*)^* \cdot b$}
 | |
| 897 | ||
| 898 | \bigskip | |
| 899 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 900 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 901 |   \begin{axis}[
 | |
| 902 |     xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
 | |
| 903 |     %%x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
 | |
| 904 |     ylabel={time in secs},
 | |
| 905 | enlargelimits=false, | |
| 906 |     xtick={0,15,...,30},
 | |
| 907 | xmax=33, | |
| 908 | ymax=35, | |
| 909 |     ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | |
| 910 | scaled ticks=false, | |
| 911 | axis lines=left, | |
| 912 | width=9cm, | |
| 913 | height=6cm, | |
| 914 |     legend entries={Java 8,Python,JavaScript,Swift,Dart,my NFA},  
 | |
| 915 | legend pos=outer north east, | |
| 916 | legend cell align=left] | |
| 917 | \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
 | |
| 918 | \addplot[cyan,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-java.data};
 | |
| 919 | \addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-js.data};
 | |
| 920 | \addplot[magenta,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-swift.data};
 | |
| 921 | \addplot[brown,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-dart.data};
 | |
| 922 | ||
| 923 | \addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfadepth2.data};	
 | |
| 924 | \end{axis}
 | |
| 925 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 926 | \end{center}
 | |
| 927 | ||
| 928 | The punchline is that many existing libraries do depth-first search | |
| 929 | in NFAs (with backtracking). | |
| 930 | ||
| 931 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 932 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 933 | ||
| 782 | 934 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 935 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 936 | \frametitle{Subset Construction}
 | |
| 937 | ||
| 938 | ||
| 939 | \begin{textblock}{5}(1,3.5)
 | |
| 940 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 941 | \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=6mm,scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | |
| 942 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | |
| 943 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | |
| 944 | \node[state] (Q_1) [below=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 945 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [below=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 946 | ||
| 947 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$1$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 948 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [left]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 949 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$0,1$}} ();
 | |
| 950 | %\path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | |
| 951 | %\path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 952 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 953 | \end{center}
 | |
| 954 | \end{textblock}
 | |
| 955 | ||
| 956 | \begin{textblock}{11}(6.5,4)
 | |
| 957 | \begin{tabular}{r|cl}
 | |
| 958 | nodes \textcolor{white}{*} & $0$ & $1$\\
 | |
| 959 | \hline | |
| 960 | $\{\}$  \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<2->{$\{\}$} & \onslide<2->{$\{\}$}\\
 | |
| 961 | \onslide<5->{s:} $\{0\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{0\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{0,1\}$}\\
 | |
| 962 | $\{1\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{2\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | |
| 963 | $\{2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{\}$}\\
 | |
| 964 | $\{0,1\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} &\onslide<4->{$\{0,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$}\\
 | |
| 965 | $\{0,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} &\onslide<4->{$\{0\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{0,1\}$}\\
 | |
| 966 | $\{1,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | |
| 967 | $\{0,1,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*}& \onslide<4->{$\{0,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$}\\
 | |
| 968 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 969 | \end{textblock}
 | |
| 970 | ||
| 971 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 972 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 779 | 973 | |
| 782 | 974 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 975 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 976 | \frametitle{The Result}
 | |
| 977 | ||
| 978 | \footnotesize | |
| 979 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 980 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5,>=stealth',very thick,
 | |
| 981 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | |
| 982 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}, | |
| 983 | baseline=0mm] | |
| 984 | \node[state,initial]  (q0)  {$\{0\}$};
 | |
| 985 | \node[state] (q01) [right=of q0] {$\{0,1\}$};
 | |
| 986 | \node[state,accepting] (q12) [above=of q01] {$\{1,2\}$};
 | |
| 987 | \node[state,accepting] (q02) [below=of q01] {$\{0,2\}$};
 | |
| 988 | \node[state] (q1) [right=2cm of q12] {$\{1\}$};
 | |
| 989 | \node[state,accepting] (q2) [right=2.5cm of q01] {$\{2\}$};
 | |
| 990 | \node[state,accepting] (q012) [right=1.5cm of q02] {$\{0,1,2\}$};
 | |
| 991 | \node[state] (Qn) [right=of q2] {$\{\}$};
 | |
| 992 | ||
| 993 | \path[->] (q0) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$0$}} ();
 | |
| 994 | \path[->] (q0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$1$}} (q01);
 | |
| 995 | \path[->] (q02) edge [bend left] node [left]  {\alert{$1$}} (q01);
 | |
| 996 | \path[->] (q02) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0$}} (q0);
 | |
| 997 | \path[->] (q01) edge node [above]  {\alert{$1$}} (q012);
 | |
| 998 | \path[->] (q01) edge [bend left] node [right]  {\alert{$0$}} (q02);
 | |
| 999 | \path[->] (q12) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (q2);
 | |
| 1000 | \path[->] (q1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (q2);
 | |
| 1001 | \path[->] (q2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (Qn);
 | |
| 1002 | \path[->] (q012) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$1$}} ();
 | |
| 1003 | \path[->] (q012) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0$}} (q02);
 | |
| 1004 | \path[->] (Qn) edge [loop above] node  {$\alert{0},\alert{1}$} ();
 | |
| 1005 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1006 | \end{center}
 | |
| 1007 | ||
| 1008 | ||
| 1009 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1010 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1011 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1012 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1013 | \frametitle{Removing Dead States}
 | |
| 1014 | ||
| 1015 | \footnotesize | |
| 1016 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 1017 | \begin{tabular}{ll}
 | |
| 1018 | \large DFA: & \large (original) NFA:\\ | |
| 1019 | \raisebox{0mm}{%
 | |
| 1020 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | |
| 1021 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | |
| 1022 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}] | |
| 1023 | \node[state,initial]  (q0)  {$\{0\}$};
 | |
| 1024 | \node[state] (q01) [right=of q0] {$\{0,1\}$};
 | |
| 1025 | \node[state,accepting] (q02) [below=of q01] {$\{0,2\}$};
 | |
| 1026 | \node[state,accepting] (q012) [right=1.5cm of q02] {$\{0,1,2\}$};
 | |
| 1027 | ||
| 1028 | \path[->] (q0) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$0$}} ();
 | |
| 1029 | \path[->] (q0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$1$}} (q01);
 | |
| 1030 | \path[->] (q02) edge [bend left] node [left]  {\alert{$1$}} (q01);
 | |
| 1031 | \path[->] (q02) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0$}} (q0);
 | |
| 1032 | \path[->] (q01) edge node [above]  {\alert{$1$}} (q012);
 | |
| 1033 | \path[->] (q01) edge [bend left] node [right]  {\alert{$0$}} (q02);
 | |
| 1034 | \path[->] (q012) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$1$}} ();
 | |
| 1035 | \path[->] (q012) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0$}} (q02);
 | |
| 1036 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | |
| 1037 | & | |
| 1038 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | |
| 1039 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | |
| 1040 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},] | |
| 1041 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | |
| 1042 | \node[state] (Q_1) [below=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 1043 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [below=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 1044 | ||
| 1045 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$1$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 1046 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [left]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1047 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$0,1$}} ();                    
 | |
| 1048 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1049 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1050 | \end{center}
 | |
| 1051 | ||
| 1052 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1053 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 779 | 1054 | |
| 1055 | ||
| 1056 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1057 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 782 | 1058 | \frametitle{Subset Construction ($\epsilon$NFA)}
 | 
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changeset | 1059 | |
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changeset | 1060 | |
| 662 | 1061 | \begin{textblock}{5}(1,1.5)
 | 
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changeset | 1062 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 515 | 1063 | \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=6mm,scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
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changeset | 1064 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1065 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
| 1066 | \node[state] (Q_1) [above=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 1067 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [below=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 1068 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 1069 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1070 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | |
| 1071 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | |
| 1072 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 136 
cc19e6cbcb68
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
135diff
changeset | 1073 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
cc19e6cbcb68
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
135diff
changeset | 1074 | \end{center}
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1075 | \end{textblock}
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1076 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1077 | \begin{textblock}{11}(6.5,4.5)
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1078 | \begin{tabular}{r|cl}
 | 
| 139 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 1079 | nodes \textcolor{white}{*} & $a$ & $b$\\
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1080 | \hline | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1081 | $\{\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<2->{$\{\}$} & \onslide<2->{$\{\}$}\\
 | 
| 139 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 1082 | $\{0\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1083 | $\{1\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{1\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{\}$}\\
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1084 | $\{2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 139 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 1085 | $\{0,1\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} &\onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 1086 | $\{0,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} &\onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 1087 | $\{1,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} & \onslide<4->{$\{1\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 1088 | \onslide<5->{s:} $\{0,1,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*}& \onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1089 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1090 | \end{textblock}
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1091 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1092 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1093 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1094 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1095 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1096 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1097 | \frametitle{The Result}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1098 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1099 | \footnotesize | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1100 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1101 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1102 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1103 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}, | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1104 | baseline=0mm] | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1105 | \node[state,initial,accepting]  (q012)  {$\{0,1,2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1106 | \node[state,accepting] (q02) [right=of q012] {$\{0,2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1107 | \node[state] (q01) [above=of q02] {$\{0,1\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1108 | \node[state,accepting] (q12) [below=of q02] {$\{1,2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1109 | \node[state] (q0) [right=2cm of q01] {$\{0\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1110 | \node[state] (q1) [right=2.5cm of q02] {$\{1\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1111 | \node[state,accepting] (q2) [right=1.5cm of q12] {$\{2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1112 | \node[state] (qn) [right=of q1] {$\{\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1113 | |
| 348 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1114 | \path[->] (q012) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1115 | \path[->] (q012) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1116 | \path[->] (q12) edge [bend left] node [below,pos=0.4]  {\alert{$a$}} (q1);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1117 | \path[->] (q12) edge node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1118 | \path[->] (q02) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q012);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1119 | \path[->] (q02) edge [bend left] node [above, pos=0.8]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1120 | \path[->] (q01) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (q012);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1121 | \path[->] (q01) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1122 | \path[->] (q0) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (q012);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1123 | \path[->] (q0) edge node [right, pos=0.2]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1124 | \path[->] (q1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1125 | \path[->] (q1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (qn);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1126 | \path[->] (q2) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1127 | \path[->] (q2) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (qn);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1128 | \path[->] (qn) edge [loop above] node  {$\alert{a},\alert{b}$} ();
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1129 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1130 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1131 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1132 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1133 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1134 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1135 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1136 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1137 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1138 | \frametitle{Removing Dead States}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1139 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1140 | \footnotesize | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1141 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1142 | \begin{tabular}{ll}
 | 
| 445 | 1143 | DFA: & (original) NFA:\\ | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1144 | \raisebox{10mm}{%
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1145 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1146 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1147 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}] | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1148 | \node[state,initial,accepting]  (q012)  {$\{0,1,2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1149 | \node[state,accepting] (q2) [right=of q012] {$\{2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1150 | \node[state] (qn) [right=of q2] {$\{\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1151 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1152 | \path[->] (q012) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1153 | \path[->] (q012) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1154 | \path[->] (q2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1155 | \path[->] (q2) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (qn);
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1156 | \path[->] (qn) edge [loop above] node | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1157 |    {$\alert{a},\alert{b}$} ();
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1158 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1159 | & | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1160 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1161 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1162 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},] | 
| 515 | 1163 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
| 1164 | \node[state] (Q_1) [above=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 1165 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [below=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 1166 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 1167 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1168 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | |
| 1169 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | |
| 1170 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1171 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1172 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1173 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1174 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1175 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1176 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1177 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1178 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1179 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1180 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1181 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1182 | \frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1183 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1184 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1185 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1186 | \node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1187 | \node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1188 | \node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1189 | \onslide<2->{\node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1190 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1191 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1192 | \onslide<2->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=9mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1193 | \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1194 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1195 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1196 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1197 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1198 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1199 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1200 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1201 | \frametitle{DFA Minimisation}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1202 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1203 | \begin{enumerate}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1204 | \item Take all pairs \bl{$(q, p)$} with \bl{$q \not= p$}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1205 | \item Mark all pairs that accepting and non-accepting states | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1206 | \item For  all unmarked pairs \bl{$(q, p)$} and all characters \bl{$c$} test whether
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1207 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1208 | \bl{$(\delta(q, c), \delta(p,c))$}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1209 | \end{center} 
 | 
| 348 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 1210 | are marked. If yes in at least one case, then also mark \bl{$(q, p)$}.
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1211 | \item Repeat last step until no change. | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1212 | \item All unmarked pairs can be merged. | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1213 | \end{enumerate}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1214 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1215 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1216 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1217 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1218 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1219 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1220 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1221 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1222 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1223 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1224 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
| 1225 | \node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 1226 | \node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 1227 | \node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 1228 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};
 | |
| 1229 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 1230 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1231 | \path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 1232 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1233 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | |
| 1234 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1235 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1236 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1237 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1238 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1239 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1240 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1241 | \mbox{}\\[-20mm]\mbox{}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1242 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1243 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1244 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8,line width=0.8mm]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1245 | \draw (0,0) -- (4,0); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1246 | \draw (0,1) -- (4,1); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1247 | \draw (0,2) -- (3,2); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1248 | \draw (0,3) -- (2,3); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1249 | \draw (0,4) -- (1,4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1250 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1251 | \draw (0,0) -- (0, 4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1252 | \draw (1,0) -- (1, 4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1253 | \draw (2,0) -- (2, 3); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1254 | \draw (3,0) -- (3, 2); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1255 | \draw (4,0) -- (4, 1); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1256 | |
| 515 | 1257 | \draw (0.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_0$}; 
 | 
| 1258 | \draw (1.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
 | |
| 1259 | \draw (2.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
 | |
| 1260 | \draw (3.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1261 | |
| 515 | 1262 | \draw (-0.5, 3.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
 | 
| 1263 | \draw (-0.5, 2.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
 | |
| 1264 | \draw (-0.5, 1.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$}; 
 | |
| 1265 | \draw (-0.5, 0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_4$}; 
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1266 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1267 | \draw (0.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1268 | \draw (1.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1269 | \draw (2.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1270 | \draw (3.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1271 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1272 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1273 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1274 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1275 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1276 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1277 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1278 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1279 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1280 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1281 | \begin{tabular}{@{\hspace{-8mm}}cc@{}}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1282 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1283 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1284 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
| 1285 | \node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 1286 | \node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 1287 | \node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 1288 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};
 | |
| 1289 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 1290 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1291 | \path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 1292 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1293 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | |
| 1294 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1295 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1296 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1297 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1298 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1299 | & | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1300 | \raisebox{9mm}{\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.6,line width=0.8mm]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1301 | \draw (0,0) -- (4,0); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1302 | \draw (0,1) -- (4,1); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1303 | \draw (0,2) -- (3,2); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1304 | \draw (0,3) -- (2,3); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1305 | \draw (0,4) -- (1,4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1306 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1307 | \draw (0,0) -- (0, 4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1308 | \draw (1,0) -- (1, 4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1309 | \draw (2,0) -- (2, 3); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1310 | \draw (3,0) -- (3, 2); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1311 | \draw (4,0) -- (4, 1); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1312 | |
| 515 | 1313 | \draw (0.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_0$}; 
 | 
| 1314 | \draw (1.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
 | |
| 1315 | \draw (2.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
 | |
| 1316 | \draw (3.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1317 | |
| 515 | 1318 | \draw (-0.5, 3.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
 | 
| 1319 | \draw (-0.5, 2.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
 | |
| 1320 | \draw (-0.5, 1.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$}; 
 | |
| 1321 | \draw (-0.5, 0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_4$}; 
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1322 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1323 | \draw (0.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1324 | \draw (1.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1325 | \draw (2.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1326 | \draw (3.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1327 | \draw (0.5,1.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1328 | \draw (2.5,1.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1329 | \draw (0.5,3.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1330 | \draw (1.5,2.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1331 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1332 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1333 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1334 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1335 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1336 | \mbox{}\\[-20mm]\mbox{}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1337 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1338 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1339 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1340 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1341 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_02)  {$\mbox{Q}_{0, 2}$};
 | 
| 1342 | \node[state] (Q_13) [right=of Q_02] {$\mbox{Q}_{1, 3}$};
 | |
| 1343 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_13] {$\mbox{Q}_{4\phantom{,0}}$};
 | |
| 1344 | \path[->] (Q_02) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_13);
 | |
| 1345 | \path[->] (Q_13) edge [bend left] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_02);
 | |
| 1346 | \path[->] (Q_02) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1347 | \path[->] (Q_13) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1348 | \path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1349 | \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1350 | minimal automaton | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1351 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1352 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1353 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1354 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1355 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1356 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1357 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1358 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1359 | \frametitle{Alternatives}
 | 
| 573 | 1360 | \mbox{}\\[-14mm]\mbox{}
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1361 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1362 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1363 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1364 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1365 | inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}] | 
| 515 | 1366 | \only<1>{\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | 
| 1367 | \only<2->{\node[state,accepting]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | |
| 1368 | \node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 1369 | \node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 1370 | \node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 1371 | \only<1>{\node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};}
 | |
| 1372 | \only<2->{\node[state, initial right] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};}
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1373 | \only<1-2>{
 | 
| 515 | 1374 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | 
| 1375 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1376 | \path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 1377 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1378 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | |
| 1379 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1380 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1381 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1382 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);}
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1383 | \only<3->{
 | 
| 515 | 1384 | \path[<-] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | 
| 1385 | \path[<-] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1386 | \path[<-] (Q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 1387 | \path[<-] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1388 | \path[<-] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | |
| 1389 | \path[<-] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1390 | \path[<-] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1391 | \path[<-] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1392 | \path[<-] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);}
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1393 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1394 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1395 | \mbox{}\\[-18mm]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1396 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1397 | \small | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1398 | \begin{itemize}
 | 
| 573 | 1399 | \item<1-> exchange initial / accepting states\\[-2mm] | 
| 1400 | \item<2-> reverse all edges\\[-2mm] | |
| 1401 | \item<3-> subset construction $\Rightarrow$ DFA\\[-2mm] | |
| 1402 | \item<4-> remove dead states\\[-2mm] | |
| 1403 | \item<5-> repeat once more | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1404 |           \onslide<6->{$\Rightarrow$ minimal DFA}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1405 | \end{itemize}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1406 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1407 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1408 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1409 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1410 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1411 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1412 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1413 | \frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1414 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1415 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1416 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1417 | \node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1418 | \node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1419 | \node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1420 | \onslide<1->{\node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1421 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1422 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1423 | \onslide<1->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=9mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1424 | \onslide<2->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge [bend left=45] (rexp);}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1425 | \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1426 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1427 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1428 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1429 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1430 | |
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1431 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1432 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1433 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1434 | \begin{frame}<2>[c]
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1435 | \frametitle{DFA to Rexp}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1436 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1437 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1438 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1439 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1440 |   \only<1>{\node[state, initial]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | 
| 1441 |   \only<2->{\node[state, initial,accepting]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | |
| 1442 |   \only<1>{\node[state]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
 | |
| 1443 |   \only<2->{\node[state,accepting]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
 | |
| 1444 |   \only<1>{\node[state, accepting] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
 | |
| 1445 |   \only<2->{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1446 |   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1447 |                   (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1448 |                   (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1449 |                   (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1450 |                   (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1451 |                   (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1452 | ; | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1453 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1454 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1455 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1456 | \onslide<3>{How to get from a DFA to a regular expression?}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1457 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1458 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1459 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1460 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1461 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1462 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1463 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1464 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1465 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1466 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 783 | 1467 |   \only<1->{\node[state, initial,accepting]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | 
| 1468 |   \only<1->{\node[state,accepting]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
 | |
| 515 | 1469 |   \only<1->{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1470 |   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1471 |                   (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1472 |                   (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1473 |                   (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1474 |                   (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1475 |                   (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1476 | ; | 
| 139 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 1477 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1478 | \end{center}\pause\bigskip
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1479 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1480 | \onslide<2->{
 | 
| 445 | 1481 | You know how to solve since school days, no? | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1482 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1483 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l}
 | 
| 515 | 1484 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$2\, \mbox{Q}_0 + 3 \,\mbox{Q}_1 +  4\, \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
 | 
| 1485 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$2 \,\mbox{Q}_0 + 3\, \mbox{Q}_1 + 1\, \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
 | |
| 1486 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$1\, \mbox{Q}_0 + 5\, \mbox{Q}_1 + 2\, \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1487 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1488 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1489 | \end{center}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1490 | } | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1491 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1492 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1493 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1494 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1495 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1496 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1497 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1498 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1499 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1500 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1501 |   \only<1->{\node[state, initial]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | 
| 1502 |   \only<1->{\node[state]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
 | |
| 1503 |   \only<1->{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1504 |   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1505 |                   (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1506 |                   (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1507 |                   (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1508 |                   (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1509 |                   (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1510 | ; | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1511 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1512 | \end{center}\bigskip
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1513 | |
| 
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added slides
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changeset | 1514 | \onslide<2->{
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1515 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1516 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l}
 | 
| 650 | 1517 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,b + \mbox{Q}_1\,b +  \mbox{Q}_2\,b + \ONE$}\\
 | 
| 515 | 1518 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,a$}\\
 | 
| 1519 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_1\,a + \mbox{Q}_2\,a$}\\
 | |
| 265 
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changeset | 1520 | |
| 
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changeset | 1521 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1522 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1523 | } | 
| 
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changeset | 1524 | |
| 783 | 1525 | |
| 1526 | \only<3-9>{\small
 | |
| 1527 | \begin{textblock}{6}(1,0.8)
 | |
| 1528 | \begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | |
| 1529 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | |
| 1530 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{substitute \bl{$\mbox{Q}_1$} into \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} \& \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$}:}\\    
 | |
| 1531 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,b + \mbox{Q}_0\,a\,b +  \mbox{Q}_2\,b + \ONE$}\\
 | |
| 1532 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,a\,a + \mbox{Q}_2\,a$}
 | |
| 1533 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1534 | \end{bubble}
 | |
| 1535 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 1536 | ||
| 1537 | \only<4-9>{\small
 | |
| 1538 | \begin{textblock}{6}(2,4.15)
 | |
| 1539 | \begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | |
| 1540 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | |
| 1541 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{simplifying \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$}:}\\    
 | |
| 1542 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,(b + a\,b) + \mbox{Q}_2\,b + \ONE$}\\
 | |
| 1543 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,a\,a + \mbox{Q}_2\,a$}
 | |
| 1544 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1545 | \end{bubble}
 | |
| 1546 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 1547 | ||
| 1548 | \only<6-9>{\small
 | |
| 1549 | \begin{textblock}{6}(3,7.55)
 | |
| 1550 | \begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | |
| 1551 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | |
| 1552 |   \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{Arden for \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$}:}\\    
 | |
| 1553 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,(b + a\,b) + \mbox{Q}_2\,b + \ONE$}\\
 | |
| 1554 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,a\,a\,(a^*)$}
 | |
| 1555 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1556 | \end{bubble}
 | |
| 1557 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 1558 | ||
| 1559 | \only<7-9>{\small
 | |
| 1560 | \begin{textblock}{6}(4,10.9)
 | |
| 1561 | \begin{bubble}[7.5cm]
 | |
| 1562 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | |
| 1563 |   \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{Substitute \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} and simplify:}\\    
 | |
| 1564 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b) + \ONE$}\\
 | |
| 1565 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1566 | \end{bubble}
 | |
| 1567 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 1568 | ||
| 1569 | \only<8-9>{\small
 | |
| 1570 | \begin{textblock}{6}(5,13.4)
 | |
| 1571 | \begin{bubble}[7.5cm]
 | |
| 1572 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | |
| 1573 |   \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{Arden again for \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$}:}\\    
 | |
| 1574 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b)^*$}\\
 | |
| 1575 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1576 | \end{bubble}
 | |
| 1577 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 1578 | ||
| 1579 | ||
| 1580 | \only<9-10>{\small
 | |
| 1581 | \begin{textblock}{6}(6,11.5)
 | |
| 1582 | \begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | |
| 1583 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | |
| 1584 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{Finally:}\\    
 | |
| 1585 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b)^*$}\\
 | |
| 1586 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b)^*\,a$}\\
 | |
| 1587 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b)^*\,a\,a\,(a^*)$}\\
 | |
| 1588 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1589 | \end{bubble}
 | |
| 1590 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 1591 | ||
| 1592 | ||
| 1593 | ||
| 1594 | ||
| 1595 | ||
| 1596 | \only<5-6>{
 | |
| 1597 | \begin{textblock}{6}(0.7,11.9)
 | |
| 1598 | \begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | |
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changeset | 1599 | Arden's Lemma: | 
| 
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changeset | 1600 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1601 | If \bl{$q = q\,r + s$}\; then\; \bl{$q = s\, r^*$}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1602 | \end{center}
 | 
| 783 | 1603 | \end{bubble}
 | 
| 1604 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 1605 | ||
| 1606 | \only<8>{
 | |
| 1607 | \begin{textblock}{6}(1.1,7.8)
 | |
| 1608 | \begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | |
| 1609 | Arden's Lemma: | |
| 1610 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 1611 | If \bl{$q = q\,r + s$}\; then\; \bl{$q = s\, r^*$}
 | |
| 1612 | \end{center}
 | |
| 1613 | \end{bubble}
 | |
| 1614 | \end{textblock}}
 | |
| 265 
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changeset | 1615 | |
| 346 
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changeset | 1616 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1617 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 1618 | |
| 
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changeset | 1619 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 1620 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1621 | \frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1622 | |
| 
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changeset | 1623 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1624 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1625 | \node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1626 | \node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1627 | \node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1628 | \onslide<1->{\node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1629 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1630 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1631 | \onslide<1->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=9mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1632 | \onslide<1->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge [bend left=45] (rexp);}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1633 | \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1634 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1635 | |
| 
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changeset | 1636 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1637 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 1638 | |
| 940 | 1639 | {
 | 
| 1640 | \setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
 | |
| 1641 | \begin{frame}<1-10>[c]
 | |
| 1642 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1643 | } | |
| 1644 | ||
| 1645 | ||
| 346 
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changeset | 1646 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 1647 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
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changeset | 1648 | \frametitle{Regular Languages (3)}
 | 
| 
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265diff
changeset | 1649 | |
| 
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changeset | 1650 | A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a regular
 | 
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
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changeset | 1651 | expression that recognises all its strings.\bigskip\medskip | 
| 
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265diff
changeset | 1652 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1653 | or {\bf equivalently}\bigskip\medskip
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1654 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1655 | A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1656 | deterministic finite automaton that recognises all its | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1657 | strings.\bigskip\medskip\pause | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1658 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1659 | Why is every finite set of strings a regular language? | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
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265diff
changeset | 1660 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 265 
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changeset | 1661 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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215diff
changeset | 1662 | |
| 1009 | 1663 | |
| 1664 | ||
| 265 
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changeset | 1665 | |
| 
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changeset | 1666 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 783 | 1667 | %\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 1668 | % | |
| 1669 | %Given the function | |
| 1670 | % | |
| 1671 | %\begin{center}
 | |
| 1672 | %\bl{\begin{tabular}{r@{\hspace{1mm}}c@{\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | |
| 1673 | %$rev(\ZERO)$ & $\dn$ & $\ZERO$\\ | |
| 1674 | %$rev(\ONE)$ & $\dn$ & $\ONE$\\ | |
| 1675 | %$rev(c)$ & $\dn$ & $c$\\ | |
| 1676 | %$rev(r_1 + r_2)$ & $\dn$ & $rev(r_1) + rev(r_2)$\\ | |
| 1677 | %$rev(r_1 \cdot r_2)$ & $\dn$ & $rev(r_2) \cdot rev(r_1)$\\ | |
| 1678 | %$rev(r^*)$ & $\dn$ & $rev(r)^*$\\ | |
| 1679 | %\end{tabular}}
 | |
| 1680 | %\end{center}
 | |
| 1681 | % | |
| 1682 | % | |
| 1683 | %and the set | |
| 1684 | % | |
| 1685 | %\begin{center}
 | |
| 1686 | %\bl{$Rev\,A \dn \{s^{-1} \;|\; s \in A\}$}
 | |
| 1687 | %\end{center}
 | |
| 1688 | % | |
| 1689 | %prove whether | |
| 1690 | % | |
| 1691 | %\begin{center}
 | |
| 1692 | %\bl{$L(rev(r)) = Rev (L(r))$}
 | |
| 1693 | %\end{center}
 | |
| 1694 | % | |
| 1695 | %\end{frame}
 | |
| 133 
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changeset | 1696 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 25 | 1697 | |
| 1698 | ||
| 743 | 1699 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 1700 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1701 | \frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
 | |
| 1702 | ||
| 1703 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 1704 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1705 | \node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
 | |
| 1706 | \node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
 | |
| 1707 | \node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
 | |
| 1708 | \node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};
 | |
| 1709 | \path[->,red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] | |
| 1710 |      {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
 | |
| 1711 | \path[->,red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] | |
| 1712 |      {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
 | |
| 1713 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=5mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);
 | |
| 1714 | %%\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge [bend left=45] (rexp); | |
| 1715 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge [bend left=45] node [below, black] {\begin{tabular}{l}Brzozowski's\\ method\end{tabular}} (rexp);
 | |
| 1716 | ||
| 1717 | \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | |
| 1718 | \end{center}
 | |
| 1719 | ||
| 1720 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1721 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1722 | ||
| 1723 | ||
| 1724 | ||
| 1725 | ||
| 1726 | % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1727 | % \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1728 | % \frametitle{DFA to Rexp}
 | |
| 1729 | ||
| 1730 | % \begin{center}
 | |
| 1731 | % \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | |
| 1732 | %                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | |
| 1733 | % draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},] | |
| 1734 | %   \node[state, initial]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$q_0$};
 | |
| 1735 | %   \node[state]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$q_1$};
 | |
| 1736 | %   \node[state, accepting] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$q_2$};
 | |
| 1737 | %   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | |
| 1738 | %             (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | |
| 1739 | %             (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | |
| 1740 | %             (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | |
| 1741 | %             (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | |
| 1742 | %             (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1743 | % \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1744 | % \end{center}\bigskip
 | |
| 1745 | ||
| 1746 | % \begin{center}
 | |
| 1747 | % \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@{\hspace{7mm}}l}
 | |
| 1748 | % \bl{$q_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\ONE + q_0\,b + q_1\,b +  q_2\,b$} & (start state)\\
 | |
| 1749 | % \bl{$q_1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$q_0\,a$}\\
 | |
| 1750 | % \bl{$q_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$q_1\,a + q_2\,a$}\\
 | |
| 1751 | ||
| 1752 | % \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1753 | % \end{center}
 | |
| 1754 | ||
| 1755 | % Arden's Lemma: | |
| 1756 | % \begin{center}
 | |
| 1757 | % If \bl{$q = q\,r + s$}\; then\; \bl{$q = s\, r^*$}
 | |
| 1758 | % \end{center}
 | |
| 1759 | ||
| 1760 | ||
| 1761 | % \end{frame}
 | |
| 1762 | % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1763 | ||
| 1764 | % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1765 | % \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1766 | % \frametitle{DFA Minimisation}
 | |
| 1767 | ||
| 1768 | % \begin{enumerate}
 | |
| 1769 | % \item Take all pairs \bl{$(q, p)$} with \bl{$q \not= p$}
 | |
| 1770 | % \item Mark all pairs that accepting and non-accepting states | |
| 1771 | % \item For  all unmarked pairs \bl{$(q, p)$} and all characters \bl{$c$} test whether
 | |
| 1772 | % \begin{center}
 | |
| 1773 | % \bl{$(\delta(q, c), \delta(p,c))$}
 | |
| 1774 | % \end{center} 
 | |
| 1775 | % are marked. If yes, then also mark \bl{$(q, p)$}.
 | |
| 1776 | % \item Repeat last step until no change. | |
| 1777 | % \item All unmarked pairs can be merged. | |
| 1778 | % \end{enumerate}
 | |
| 1779 | ||
| 1780 | % \end{frame}
 | |
| 1781 | % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1782 | ||
| 1783 | % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1784 | % \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1785 | ||
| 1786 | % \begin{center}
 | |
| 1787 | % \begin{tabular}{@{\hspace{-8mm}}cc@{}}
 | |
| 1788 | % \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | |
| 1789 | %                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | |
| 1790 | % \node[state,initial]  (q_0)  {$q_0$};
 | |
| 1791 | % \node[state] (q_1) [right=of q_0] {$q_1$};
 | |
| 1792 | % \node[state] (q_2) [below right=of q_0] {$q_2$};
 | |
| 1793 | % \node[state] (q_3) [right=of q_2] {$q_3$};
 | |
| 1794 | % \node[state, accepting] (q_4) [right=of q_1] {$q_4$};
 | |
| 1795 | % \path[->] (q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_1);
 | |
| 1796 | % \path[->] (q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_4);
 | |
| 1797 | % \path[->] (q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 1798 | % \path[->] (q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_4);
 | |
| 1799 | % \path[->] (q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_3);
 | |
| 1800 | % \path[->] (q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (q_2);
 | |
| 1801 | % \path[->] (q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q_2);
 | |
| 1802 | % \path[->] (q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1803 | % \path[->] (q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (q_0);
 | |
| 1804 | % \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1805 | % & | |
| 1806 | % \raisebox{9mm}{\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.6,line width=0.8mm]
 | |
| 1807 | % \draw (0,0) -- (4,0); | |
| 1808 | % \draw (0,1) -- (4,1); | |
| 1809 | % \draw (0,2) -- (3,2); | |
| 1810 | % \draw (0,3) -- (2,3); | |
| 1811 | % \draw (0,4) -- (1,4); | |
| 1812 | ||
| 1813 | % \draw (0,0) -- (0, 4); | |
| 1814 | % \draw (1,0) -- (1, 4); | |
| 1815 | % \draw (2,0) -- (2, 3); | |
| 1816 | % \draw (3,0) -- (3, 2); | |
| 1817 | % \draw (4,0) -- (4, 1); | |
| 1818 | ||
| 1819 | % \draw (0.5,-0.5) node {$q_0$}; 
 | |
| 1820 | % \draw (1.5,-0.5) node {$q_1$}; 
 | |
| 1821 | % \draw (2.5,-0.5) node {$q_2$}; 
 | |
| 1822 | % \draw (3.5,-0.5) node {$q_3$};
 | |
| 1823 | ||
| 1824 | % \draw (-0.5, 3.5) node {$q_1$}; 
 | |
| 1825 | % \draw (-0.5, 2.5) node {$q_2$}; 
 | |
| 1826 | % \draw (-0.5, 1.5) node {$q_3$}; 
 | |
| 1827 | % \draw (-0.5, 0.5) node {$q_4$}; 
 | |
| 1828 | ||
| 1829 | % \draw (0.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | |
| 1830 | % \draw (1.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | |
| 1831 | % \draw (2.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | |
| 1832 | % \draw (3.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$};
 | |
| 1833 | % \draw (0.5,1.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | |
| 1834 | % \draw (2.5,1.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | |
| 1835 | % \draw (0.5,3.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | |
| 1836 | % \draw (1.5,2.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | |
| 1837 | % \end{tikzpicture}}
 | |
| 1838 | % \end{tabular}
 | |
| 1839 | % \end{center}
 | |
| 1840 | ||
| 1841 | ||
| 1842 | % \mbox{}\\[-20mm]\mbox{}
 | |
| 1843 | ||
| 1844 | % \begin{center}
 | |
| 1845 | % \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | |
| 1846 | %                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | |
| 1847 | % \node[state,initial]  (q_02)  {$q_{0, 2}$};
 | |
| 1848 | % \node[state] (q_13) [right=of q_02] {$q_{1, 3}$};
 | |
| 1849 | % \node[state, accepting] (q_4) [right=of q_13] {$q_{4\phantom{,0}}$};
 | |
| 1850 | % \path[->] (q_02) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_13);
 | |
| 1851 | % \path[->] (q_13) edge [bend left] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (q_02);
 | |
| 1852 | % \path[->] (q_02) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1853 | % \path[->] (q_13) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_4);
 | |
| 1854 | % \path[->] (q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 1855 | % \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | |
| 1856 | % minimal automaton | |
| 1857 | % \end{center}
 | |
| 1858 | ||
| 1859 | % \end{frame}
 | |
| 966 | 1860 | % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 1861 | ||
| 1862 | ||
| 743 | 1863 | |
| 1864 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1865 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1866 | \frametitle{Regular Languages}
 | |
| 1867 | ||
| 1868 | Two equivalent definitions:\bigskip | |
| 1869 | ||
| 1870 | \begin{quote}\rm A language is \alert{regular} iff there exists a
 | |
| 1871 | regular expression that recognises all its strings. | |
| 1872 | \end{quote}
 | |
| 1873 | ||
| 1874 | \begin{quote}\rm A language is \alert{regular} iff there exists an
 | |
| 1875 | automaton that recognises all its strings. | |
| 1876 | \end{quote}\bigskip\bigskip
 | |
| 1877 | ||
| 1878 | ||
| 1879 | \small | |
| 1880 | for example \bl{$a^nb^n$} is not regular
 | |
| 1881 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1882 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1883 | ||
| 1884 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1885 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1009 | 1886 | \frametitle{Hierarchy of Languages}
 | 
| 1887 | ||
| 1888 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 1889 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1890 | [rect/.style={draw=black!50, 
 | |
| 1891 | top color=white, | |
| 1892 | bottom color=black!20, | |
| 1893 | rectangle, | |
| 1894 | very thick, | |
| 1895 | rounded corners}, scale=1.2] | |
| 1896 | ||
| 1897 | \draw (0,0) node [rect, text depth=39mm, text width=68mm] {all languages};
 | |
| 1898 | \draw (0,-0.4) node [rect, text depth=28.5mm, text width=64mm] {decidable languages};
 | |
| 1899 | \draw (0,-0.85) node [rect, text depth=17mm] {context sensitive languages};
 | |
| 1900 | \draw (0,-1.14) node [rect, text depth=9mm, text width=50mm] {context-free languages};
 | |
| 1901 | \draw (0,-1.4) node [rect] {regular languages};
 | |
| 1902 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1903 | ||
| 1904 | \end{center}
 | |
| 1905 | ||
| 1906 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1907 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1908 | ||
| 1909 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1910 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 743 | 1911 | \frametitle{Negation}
 | 
| 1912 | ||
| 1913 | Regular languages are closed under negation:\bigskip | |
| 1914 | ||
| 1915 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 1916 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | |
| 1917 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | |
| 1918 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}] | |
| 1919 |   \only<1>{\node[state,initial] (q0) at ( 0,1) {$q_0$};}
 | |
| 1920 |   \only<2>{\node[state,initial,accepting] (q0) at ( 0,1) {$q_0$};}
 | |
| 1921 |   \only<1>{\node[state] (q1) at ( 1,1) {$q_1$};}
 | |
| 1922 |   \only<2>{\node[state,accepting] (q1) at ( 1,1) {$q_1$};}
 | |
| 1923 |   \only<1>{\node[state, accepting] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$q_2$};}
 | |
| 1924 |   \only<2>{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$q_2$};}
 | |
| 1925 |   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | |
| 1926 |             (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | |
| 1927 |             (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | |
| 1928 |             (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | |
| 1929 |             (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | |
| 1930 |             (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1931 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1932 | \end{center}\bigskip\bigskip
 | |
| 1933 | ||
| 1934 | But requires that the automaton is \alert{completed}!
 | |
| 1935 | ||
| 1936 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1937 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1938 | ||
| 891 | 1939 | {
 | 
| 1940 | \setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
 | |
| 1941 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1942 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1943 |   \frametitle{\boldmath{}$(a^*)^* \cdot b$}
 | |
| 1944 | ||
| 1945 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 1946 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1947 |   \begin{axis}[
 | |
| 1948 |     xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
 | |
| 1949 |     %%x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
 | |
| 1950 |     ylabel={time in secs},
 | |
| 1951 | enlargelimits=false, | |
| 1952 |     xtick={0,15,...,30},
 | |
| 1953 | xmax=33, | |
| 1954 | ymax=35, | |
| 1955 |     ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | |
| 1956 | scaled ticks=false, | |
| 1957 | axis lines=left, | |
| 1958 | width=9cm, | |
| 1959 | height=6cm, | |
| 1960 |     legend entries={Java 8,Python,JavaScript,Swift,Dart},  
 | |
| 1961 | legend pos=outer north east, | |
| 1962 | legend cell align=left] | |
| 1963 | \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
 | |
| 1964 | \addplot[cyan,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-java.data};
 | |
| 1965 | \addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-js.data};
 | |
| 1966 | \addplot[magenta,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-swift.data};
 | |
| 1967 | \addplot[brown,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-dart.data};
 | |
| 1968 | ||
| 1969 | %\addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfadepth2.data};	
 | |
| 1970 | \end{axis}
 | |
| 1971 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 1972 | \end{center}
 | |
| 1973 | ||
| 1974 | \end{frame}}
 | |
| 1975 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1976 | ||
| 966 | 1977 | |
| 1978 | ||
| 891 | 1979 | \begin{frame}<1-3>[c]
 | 
| 1980 | \end{frame}  
 | |
| 1981 | ||
| 889 | 1982 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 1983 | {
 | |
| 1984 | \setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
 | |
| 1985 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1986 | ||
| 1987 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 1988 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.5,>=stealth',very thick,
 | |
| 1989 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | |
| 1990 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}] | |
| 1991 |   \node[state,initial]   (q0) at (0,2) {$q_0$};
 | |
| 1992 |   \node[state,accepting] (q1) at (2,2) {$q_1$};
 | |
| 1993 |   \node[state]           (q2) at (0,0) {$q_2$};
 | |
| 1994 |   \node[state]           (q3) at (2,0) {$q_3$};
 | |
| 1995 | ||
| 1996 |   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | |
| 1997 |             (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q0)
 | |
| 1998 |             (q2) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q3)
 | |
| 1999 |             (q3) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | |
| 2000 |             (q0) edge[bend left] node[right] {\alert{$b$}} (q2)
 | |
| 2001 |             (q2) edge[bend left] node[left]  {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | |
| 2002 |             (q1) edge[bend left] node[right] {\alert{$b$}} (q3)
 | |
| 2003 |             (q3) edge[bend left] node[left]  {\alert{$b$}} (q1);
 | |
| 2004 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 2005 | \end{center}
 | |
| 2006 | ||
| 2007 | \hfill{}Which language?
 | |
| 2008 | ||
| 2009 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 2010 | } | |
| 2011 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 2012 | ||
| 2013 | ||
| 966 | 2014 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 2015 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 2016 | \frametitle{\mbox{CW1: Regexes and \boldmath$L$-function}}
 | |
| 2017 | ||
| 2018 | Given | |
| 2019 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 2020 | \begin{tabular}{@ {}l@ {\hspace{20mm}}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}l}
 | |
| 2021 | \bl{$r^+$}        & \bl{$L(r^+)$}         & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\bigcup_{1\le i}.\;L(r)^i$}\\
 | |
| 2022 | \bl{$r^?$}        & \bl{$L(r^?)$}         & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$L(r) \cup \{[]\}$}\\  
 | |
| 2023 | \bl{$r_1 \,\&\, r_2$} &  \bl{$L(r_1 \& r_2)$} &  \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$L(r_1) \cap L(r_2)$} \\
 | |
| 2024 | \bl{$r^{\{n\}}$}   & \bl{$L(r^{\{n\}})$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$L(r)^n$}\\
 | |
| 2025 | \bl{$r^{\{..m\}}$}   & \bl{$L(r^{\{..m\}})$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\bigcup_{0\le i \le m}.\;L(r)^i$}\\
 | |
| 2026 | \bl{$r^{\{n..\}}$}   & \bl{$L(r^{\{n..\}})$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\bigcup_{n\le i}.\;L(r)^i$}\\
 | |
| 2027 | \bl{$r^{\{n..m\}}$}   & \bl{$L(r^{\{n..m\}})$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\bigcup_{n\le i \le m}.\;L(r)^i$}\\      
 | |
| 2028 | \bl{$\sim{}r$}   & \bl{$L(\sim{}r)$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\Sigma^* - L(r)$}\\      
 | |
| 2029 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 2030 | \end{center}
 | |
| 2031 | ||
| 2032 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 2033 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 2034 | ||
| 2035 | ||
| 2036 | ||
| 2037 | ||
| 2038 | ||
| 2039 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 2040 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 2041 | \frametitle{Nullable}
 | |
| 2042 | ||
| 2043 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 2044 | \begin{tabular}{@ {}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@ {}}
 | |
| 2045 | \bl{$nullable(r^+)$}    & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$nullable(r)$}\\
 | |
| 2046 | \bl{$nullable(r^?)$}       & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{true}}\\
 | |
| 2047 | \bl{$nullable(r_1 \,\&\, r_2)$}  & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$nullable(r_1) \wedge nullable(r_2)$}\\
 | |
| 2048 | \bl{$nullable(r^{\{n\}})$}     & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} \textit{true} \textit{else} $nullable(r)$} \\ 
 | |
| 2049 | \bl{$nullable(r^{\{..m\}})$} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{true}} \\
 | |
| 2050 | \bl{$nullable (r^{\{n..\}})$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} \textit{true} \textit{else} $nullable(r)$}\\
 | |
| 2051 | \bl{$nullable (r^{\{n..m\}})$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} \textit{true} \textit{else} $nullable(r)$}\\  
 | |
| 2052 | \bl{$nullable (\sim{}r)$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$!\,nullable(r)$}\\
 | |
| 2053 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 2054 | \end{center}
 | |
| 2055 | ||
| 2056 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 2057 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 2058 | ||
| 2059 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 2060 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 2061 | \frametitle{Derivative}
 | |
| 2062 | ||
| 2063 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 2064 | \begin{tabular}{@ {}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@ {}}
 | |
| 2065 | \bl{$der\,c\,(r^+)$}    & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^*$}\\
 | |
| 2066 | \bl{$der\,c\,(r^?)$}       & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$der\,c\,r$}\\
 | |
| 2067 | \bl{$der\,c\,(r_1 \,\&\, r_2)$}  & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$(der\,c\,r_1) \;\&\; (der\,c\,r_2)$}\\
 | |
| 2068 | \bl{$der\,c\,(r^{\{n\}})$}     & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} $\ZERO$ \textit{else} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{n - 1\}}$} \\ 
 | |
| 2069 | \bl{$der\,c\,(r^{\{..m\}})$} & \bl{$\dn$} &  \bl{\textit{if} $m = 0$ \textit{then} $\ZERO$ \textit{else} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{..m - 1\}}$}\\
 | |
| 2070 | \bl{$der\,c\,(r^{\{n..\}})$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^*$ \textit{else} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{n - 1..\}}$}\\
 | |
| 2071 |   \bl{$der\,c\,(r^{\{n..m\}})$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0 \wedge m = 0$ \textit{then} $\ZERO$ \textit{else}}\\
 | |
| 2072 |                         &            & \bl{\textit{if} $ n = 0$ \textit{then} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{..m-1\}}$
 | |
| 2073 |                                        \textit{else} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{n-1..m-1\}}$}\\  
 | |
| 2074 | \bl{$der\,c\,(\sim{}r)$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\sim\,(der\,c\,r)$}\\
 | |
| 2075 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 2076 | \end{center}
 | |
| 2077 | ||
| 2078 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 2079 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 2080 | ||
| 2081 | ||
| 781 | 2082 | |
| 847 | 2083 | \begin{frame}<1-15>[c]
 | 
| 2084 | ||
| 781 | 2085 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 2086 | ||
| 966 | 2087 | % \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 2088 | % \begin{mybox3}{}
 | |
| 2089 | % I always thought dfa's needed a transition for each state for each | |
| 2090 | % character, and if not it would be an nfa not a dfa. Is there an | |
| 2091 | % example that disproves this? | |
| 2092 | % \end{mybox3}
 | |
| 2093 | % \end{frame}
 | |
| 781 | 2094 | |
| 966 | 2095 | % \begin{frame}<1-12>[c]
 | 
| 2096 | % \end{frame}
 | |
| 781 | 2097 | |
| 966 | 2098 | % \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 2099 | % \begin{mybox3}{}
 | |
| 2100 | % Do the regular expression matchers in Python and Java 8 have more | |
| 2101 | % features than the one implemented in this module? Or is there | |
| 2102 | % another reason for their inefficiency? | |
| 2103 | % \end{mybox3}
 | |
| 2104 | % \end{frame}
 | |
| 782 | 2105 | |
| 891 | 2106 | |
| 966 | 2107 | % \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 2108 | %   \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 2109 | % \item CW / censored some msgs | |
| 2110 | % \item power law / proof | |
| 2111 | % \item CW feedback | |
| 2112 | % \item too polished CW submissions | |
| 2113 | % \item no open book | |
| 2114 | %   \end{itemize}  
 | |
| 2115 | % \end{frame}
 | |
| 891 | 2116 | |
| 2117 | ||
| 25 | 2118 | \end{document}
 | 
| 2119 | ||
| 2120 | %%% Local Variables: | |
| 2121 | %%% mode: latex | |
| 2122 | %%% TeX-master: t | |
| 2123 | %%% End: | |
| 2124 |