| author | Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk> | 
| Mon, 03 Feb 2025 13:25:59 +0000 | |
| changeset 979 | 15e49c674b46 | 
| parent 976 | 4be299d9b41b | 
| child 1006 | 674d1258a2fb | 
| permissions | -rw-r--r-- | 
| 651 | 1  | 
% !TEX program = xelatex  | 
| 743 | 2  | 
\documentclass[dvipsnames,14pt,t,xelatex,aspectratio=169,xcolor={table}]{beamer}
 | 
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
3  | 
\usepackage{../slides}
 | 
| 871 | 4  | 
\usepackage{../graphicss}
 | 
| 
215
 
828303e8e4af
updated slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
143 
diff
changeset
 | 
5  | 
\usepackage{../langs}
 | 
| 
 
828303e8e4af
updated slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
143 
diff
changeset
 | 
6  | 
\usepackage{../data}
 | 
| 25 | 7  | 
|
| 781 | 8  | 
\usepackage{tcolorbox}
 | 
9  | 
\newtcolorbox{mybox}{colback=red!5!white,colframe=red!75!black}
 | 
|
10  | 
\newtcolorbox{mybox2}[1]{colback=red!5!white,colframe=red!75!black,fonttitle=\bfseries,title=#1}
 | 
|
11  | 
\newtcolorbox{mybox3}[1]{colback=Cyan!5!white,colframe=Cyan!75!black,fonttitle=\bfseries,title=#1}
 | 
|
12  | 
||
13  | 
||
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
14  | 
\hfuzz=220pt  | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
15  | 
|
| 781 | 16  | 
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.17}
 | 
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
17  | 
|
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
18  | 
\newcommand{\bl}[1]{\textcolor{blue}{#1}}  
 | 
| 25 | 19  | 
|
20  | 
% beamer stuff  | 
|
| 445 | 21  | 
\renewcommand{\slidecaption}{CFL 03, King's College London}
 | 
| 25 | 22  | 
|
23  | 
\begin{document}
 | 
|
24  | 
||
25  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
26  | 
\begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 25 | 27  | 
\frametitle{%
 | 
28  | 
  \begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}
 | 
|
29  | 
\\[-3mm]  | 
|
| 889 | 30  | 
\LARGE Compilers and \\[-1mm]  | 
31  | 
\LARGE Formal Languages\\[-5mm]  | 
|
| 25 | 32  | 
  \end{tabular}}
 | 
33  | 
||
| 651 | 34  | 
\normalsize  | 
| 25 | 35  | 
  \begin{center}
 | 
| 651 | 36  | 
  \begin{tabular}{ll}
 | 
| 966 | 37  | 
Email: & christian.urban at kcl.ac.uk\\  | 
38  | 
Office Hour: & Friday 12 -- 14\\  | 
|
| 889 | 39  | 
Location: & N7.07 (North Wing, Bush House)\\  | 
40  | 
Slides \& Progs: & KEATS\\  | 
|
41  | 
  Pollev: & \texttt{\alert{https://pollev.com/cfltutoratki576}}\\  
 | 
|
| 25 | 42  | 
  \end{tabular}
 | 
| 889 | 43  | 
  \end{center}
 | 
| 743 | 44  | 
|
45  | 
  \begin{center}
 | 
|
46  | 
    \begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
47  | 
\node[drop shadow,fill=white,inner sep=0pt]  | 
|
48  | 
      {\footnotesize\rowcolors{1}{capri!10}{white}
 | 
|
49  | 
        \begin{tabular}{|p{4.8cm}|p{4.8cm}|}\hline
 | 
|
50  | 
1 Introduction, Languages & 6 While-Language \\  | 
|
51  | 
2 Regular Expressions, Derivatives & 7 Compilation, JVM \\  | 
|
52  | 
          \cellcolor{blue!50}
 | 
|
53  | 
3 Automata, Regular Languages & 8 Compiling Functional Languages \\  | 
|
54  | 
4 Lexing, Tokenising & 9 Optimisations \\  | 
|
55  | 
5 Grammars, Parsing & 10 LLVM \\ \hline  | 
|
56  | 
        \end{tabular}%
 | 
|
57  | 
};  | 
|
58  | 
    \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
| 25 | 59  | 
  \end{center}
 | 
60  | 
||
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
61  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 445 | 62  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
63  | 
||
| 966 | 64  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
65  | 
{
 | 
|
66  | 
\setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
 | 
|
67  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
68  | 
\frametitle{For Installation Problems}
 | 
|
69  | 
||
70  | 
\begin{itemize}
 | 
|
71  | 
\item Harry Dilnot (harry.dilnot@kcl.ac.uk) \\  | 
|
72  | 
\;\;Windows expert  | 
|
73  | 
\item Oliver Iliffe (oliver.iliffe@kcl.ac.uk)  | 
|
74  | 
\end{itemize}
 | 
|
75  | 
||
76  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
77  | 
}  | 
|
78  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
79  | 
||
80  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
81  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
82  | 
||
83  | 
\begin{mybox3}{From Pollev last week}\it    
 | 
|
84  | 
Is the equivalence of two regexes belong in the P or NP class of problems?  | 
|
85  | 
\end{mybox3}  
 | 
|
86  | 
||
87  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
88  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
89  | 
||
90  | 
||
91  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
92  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
93  | 
||
94  | 
\begin{mybox3}{From Pollev last week}\it    
 | 
|
95  | 
If state machines are not efficient, then how/why do many lexer  | 
|
96  | 
packages like the logos crate in rust compile down a lexer  | 
|
97  | 
definition down to a jump table driven state machine?  | 
|
98  | 
  \textcolor{gray}{Could we
 | 
|
99  | 
achieve quicker lexing with things like SIMD instructions?}  | 
|
100  | 
\end{mybox3}  
 | 
|
101  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
102  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
103  | 
||
104  | 
||
105  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
106  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
| 971 | 107  | 
%%\frametitle{\boldmath$(abcdef)^{\{n\}}$ in Rust and Scala}
 | 
| 966 | 108  | 
|
109  | 
\begin{textblock}{14}(1,3)
 | 
|
110  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
111  | 
\begin{axis}[
 | 
|
| 971 | 112  | 
    xlabel={\bl{n} copies of \bl{\texttt{"}abcdef\texttt{"}}}, 
 | 
| 966 | 113  | 
    x label style={at={(0.45,-0.16)}},
 | 
114  | 
    ylabel={time in secs},
 | 
|
115  | 
enlargelimits=false,  | 
|
116  | 
    ytick={0,10,...,60},
 | 
|
117  | 
ymax=65,  | 
|
118  | 
xmax=50000,  | 
|
119  | 
    xtick={0,10000,...,40000},
 | 
|
120  | 
scaled ticks=false,  | 
|
121  | 
axis lines=left,  | 
|
122  | 
width=10cm,  | 
|
123  | 
height=6cm,  | 
|
124  | 
    legend entries={Rust, Scala V3},
 | 
|
| 971 | 125  | 
    legend style={font=\small,at={(1.0,0.48)},anchor=north},
 | 
| 966 | 126  | 
legend cell align=left]  | 
127  | 
    \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-rust2.data};
 | 
|
128  | 
    \only<2>{\addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-scala2.data};}
 | 
|
129  | 
\end{axis}
 | 
|
130  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
131  | 
\end{textblock}
 | 
|
132  | 
||
| 971 | 133  | 
\begin{textblock}{9}(1.8,1.8)
 | 
134  | 
{Regular expression: \bl{\texttt{(abcdef)$^{\{\textrm{n}\}}$}}}
 | 
|
135  | 
\end{textblock}
 | 
|
136  | 
||
137  | 
\begin{textblock}{6}(10.5,11.4)
 | 
|
138  | 
{\bl{$n$}}
 | 
|
139  | 
\end{textblock}
 | 
|
140  | 
||
| 966 | 141  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
142  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
143  | 
||
| 971 | 144  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
145  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
146  | 
%%\frametitle{\boldmath$(abcdef)^{\{n\}}$ in Rust and Scala}
 | 
|
147  | 
||
148  | 
\begin{textblock}{14}(1,3)
 | 
|
149  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
150  | 
\begin{axis}[
 | 
|
151  | 
    xlabel={strings of the form \bl{$\underbrace{\texttt{a}...\texttt{a}}_n$}}, 
 | 
|
152  | 
    x label style={at={(0.45,-0.16)}},
 | 
|
153  | 
    ylabel={time in secs},
 | 
|
154  | 
enlargelimits=false,  | 
|
155  | 
    xtick={0,5,10,...,30},
 | 
|
156  | 
xmax=35,  | 
|
157  | 
ymax=35,  | 
|
158  | 
    ytick={0,10,...,30},
 | 
|
159  | 
scaled ticks=false,  | 
|
160  | 
axis lines=left,  | 
|
161  | 
width=10cm,  | 
|
162  | 
height=6cm,  | 
|
163  | 
    legend entries={Python,JavaScript,Swift,Dart},
 | 
|
164  | 
    legend style={font=\small,at={(1.15,0.78)},anchor=north},
 | 
|
165  | 
legend cell align=left]  | 
|
166  | 
    \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
 | 
|
167  | 
    \addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-js.data};
 | 
|
168  | 
    \addplot[magenta,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-swift.data};
 | 
|
169  | 
    \addplot[brown,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-dart.data};
 | 
|
170  | 
||
171  | 
\end{axis}
 | 
|
172  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
173  | 
\end{textblock}
 | 
|
174  | 
||
175  | 
\begin{textblock}{6}(1.8,1.8)
 | 
|
176  | 
{Regular expression: \bl{\texttt{(a*)*$\,$b}}}
 | 
|
177  | 
\end{textblock}
 | 
|
178  | 
||
179  | 
\begin{textblock}{6}(10.5,11.4)
 | 
|
180  | 
{\bl{$n$}}
 | 
|
181  | 
\end{textblock}
 | 
|
182  | 
||
183  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
184  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
185  | 
||
186  | 
% @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@  | 
|
| 976 | 187  | 
%\end{document}
 | 
| 971 | 188  | 
% @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@  | 
189  | 
||
| 966 | 190  | 
|
191  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
192  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
193  | 
||
194  | 
\begin{mybox3}{From Pollev last week}\it    
 | 
|
195  | 
For a regular expression $r = r_1 \cdot r_2$, to prove that  | 
|
196  | 
  $der\;c\;r = (der\;c\;r) \cdot r^{\{n-1\}}$, is there a
 | 
|
197  | 
way to prove it in the general case instead  | 
|
198  | 
of how you do the calculations for each $n$ in the videos?  | 
|
199  | 
\end{mybox3}  
 | 
|
200  | 
||
201  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
202  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
203  | 
||
204  | 
||
205  | 
||
| 940 | 206  | 
{
 | 
207  | 
\setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
 | 
|
208  | 
\begin{frame}<1-10>[c]
 | 
|
209  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
210  | 
}  | 
|
211  | 
||
212  | 
||
213  | 
||
214  | 
||
| 445 | 215  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 776 | 216  | 
%\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
217  | 
%\frametitle{Scala Book, Exams}
 | 
|
218  | 
%  | 
|
219  | 
%\begin{itemize}
 | 
|
220  | 
%\item \small https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/ProgInScala2ed.pdf\normalsize  | 
|
221  | 
%\item homework (written exam 80\%)  | 
|
222  | 
%\item coursework (20\%)\bigskip  | 
|
223  | 
%\item short survey at KEATS; to be answered until Sunday  | 
|
224  | 
%\end{itemize}
 | 
|
| 445 | 225  | 
|
| 776 | 226  | 
%\end{frame}
 | 
| 445 | 227  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 25 | 228  | 
|
| 
133
 
09efdf5cf07c
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
93 
diff
changeset
 | 
229  | 
|
| 
 
09efdf5cf07c
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
93 
diff
changeset
 | 
230  | 
|
| 
 
09efdf5cf07c
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
93 
diff
changeset
 | 
231  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 25 | 232  | 
\begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 651 | 233  | 
\frametitle{(Basic) Regular Expressions}
 | 
| 25 | 234  | 
|
235  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
| 
134
 
e3a8cf96f570
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
133 
diff
changeset
 | 
236  | 
   \begin{tabular}{@ {}rrl@ {\hspace{13mm}}l}
 | 
| 515 | 237  | 
  \bl{$r$} & \bl{$::=$}  & \bl{$\ZERO$}  & nothing\\
 | 
| 445 | 238  | 
         & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$\ONE$}        & empty string / "" / $[]$\\
 | 
| 
134
 
e3a8cf96f570
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
133 
diff
changeset
 | 
239  | 
         & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$c$}                         & character\\
 | 
| 
 
e3a8cf96f570
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
133 
diff
changeset
 | 
240  | 
         & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r_1 \cdot r_2$} & sequence\\
 | 
| 
 
e3a8cf96f570
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
133 
diff
changeset
 | 
241  | 
         & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r_1 + r_2$}  & alternative / choice\\
 | 
| 
 
e3a8cf96f570
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
133 
diff
changeset
 | 
242  | 
         & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r^*$}                   & star (zero or more)\\
 | 
| 
 
e3a8cf96f570
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
133 
diff
changeset
 | 
243  | 
  \end{tabular}
 | 
| 25 | 244  | 
  \end{center}
 | 
| 
134
 
e3a8cf96f570
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
133 
diff
changeset
 | 
245  | 
|
| 
 
e3a8cf96f570
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
133 
diff
changeset
 | 
246  | 
How about ranges \bl{$[a\mbox{-}z]$}, \bl{$r^+$} and \bl{$\sim{}r$}? Do they increase the
 | 
| 
 
e3a8cf96f570
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
133 
diff
changeset
 | 
247  | 
set of languages we can recognise?  | 
| 25 | 248  | 
|
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
249  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 25 | 250  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
251  | 
||
252  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
| 776 | 253  | 
\begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
254  | 
\frametitle{Negation}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
255  | 
|
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
256  | 
Assume you have an alphabet consisting of the letters \bl{$a$}, \bl{$b$} and \bl{$c$} only.
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
257  | 
Find a (basic!) regular expression that matches all strings \emph{\alert{except}} 
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
258  | 
\bl{$ab$} and \bl{$ac$}!
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
259  | 
|
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
260  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
261  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
262  | 
|
| 25 | 263  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 573 | 264  | 
\begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
265  | 
\frametitle{Automata}
 | 
| 25 | 266  | 
|
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
267  | 
A \alert{\bf deterministic finite automaton}, DFA, consists of:
 | 
| 25 | 268  | 
|
269  | 
\begin{itemize}
 | 
|
| 515 | 270  | 
\item an alphabet \bl{$\varSigma$}  
 | 
| 574 | 271  | 
\item a set of states \bl{$\mbox{Qs}$}
 | 
| 515 | 272  | 
\item one of these states is the start state \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$}
 | 
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
273  | 
\item some states are accepting states \bl{$F$}, and
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
274  | 
\item there is transition function \bl{$\delta$}\bigskip 
 | 
| 25 | 275  | 
|
276  | 
\small  | 
|
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
277  | 
which takes a state as argument and a character and produces a  | 
| 515 | 278  | 
new state; this function might not be everywhere defined $\Rightarrow$ partial function  | 
| 
133
 
09efdf5cf07c
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
93 
diff
changeset
 | 
279  | 
\end{itemize}
 | 
| 
 
09efdf5cf07c
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
93 
diff
changeset
 | 
280  | 
|
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
281  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 574 | 282  | 
\bl{$A(\varSigma, \mbox{Qs}, \mbox{Q}_0, F, \delta)$}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
283  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
284  | 
|
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
285  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
286  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
287  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
288  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
289  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
290  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
291  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
292  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
137
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
293  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 573 | 294  | 
  every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,
 | 
295  | 
draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]  | 
|
| 515 | 296  | 
\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
297  | 
\node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | 
|
298  | 
\node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | 
|
299  | 
\node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | 
|
300  | 
\node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};
 | 
|
301  | 
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | 
|
302  | 
\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | 
|
303  | 
\path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | 
|
304  | 
\path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | 
|
305  | 
\path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | 
|
306  | 
\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | 
|
307  | 
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | 
|
308  | 
\path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
|
309  | 
\path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);
 | 
|
| 
137
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
310  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
311  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
312  | 
|
| 573 | 313  | 
\mbox{}\\[-14mm]
 | 
314  | 
\only<1>{
 | 
|
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
315  | 
\begin{itemize}
 | 
| 
139
 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
138 
diff
changeset
 | 
316  | 
\item the start state can be an accepting state  | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
317  | 
\item it is possible that there is no accepting state  | 
| 
139
 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
138 
diff
changeset
 | 
318  | 
\item all states might be accepting (but this does not necessarily mean all strings are accepted)  | 
| 573 | 319  | 
\end{itemize}}
 | 
320  | 
\only<2>{
 | 
|
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
321  | 
for this automaton \bl{$\delta$} is the function\\
 | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
322  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
323  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
324  | 
\begin{tabular}{lll}
 | 
| 515 | 325  | 
  \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_0, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_4$}
 | 
326  | 
  & \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_4, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_4$}\\
 | 
|
327  | 
  \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_0, b) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, b) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_2$} &
 | 
|
328  | 
  \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_4, b) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_4$}\\
 | 
|
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
329  | 
\end{tabular}\ldots
 | 
| 573 | 330  | 
\end{center}  
 | 
331  | 
}  | 
|
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
332  | 
|
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
333  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
334  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
335  | 
|
| 573 | 336  | 
|
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
337  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
338  | 
\begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
339  | 
\frametitle{Accepting a String}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
340  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
341  | 
Given  | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
342  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
343  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 574 | 344  | 
\bl{$A(\varSigma, \mbox{Qs}, \mbox{Q}_0, F, \delta)$}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
345  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
346  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
347  | 
you can define  | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
348  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
349  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
350  | 
\begin{tabular}{l}
 | 
| 778 | 351  | 
\bl{$\widehat{\delta}(Q, []) \dn Q$}\\
 | 
352  | 
\bl{$\widehat{\delta}(Q, c::s) \dn \widehat{\delta}(\delta(Q, c), s)$}\\
 | 
|
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
353  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
354  | 
\end{center}\pause
 | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
355  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
356  | 
Whether a string \bl{$s$} is accepted by \bl{$A$}?
 | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
357  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
358  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 517 | 359  | 
\hspace{5mm}\bl{$\widehat{\delta}(\mbox{Q}_0, s) \in F$}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
360  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
361  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
362  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
363  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
364  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
365  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
366  | 
\frametitle{Regular Languages}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
367  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
368  | 
A \alert{\bf language} is a set of strings.\bigskip
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
369  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
370  | 
A \alert{\bf regular expression} specifies a language.\bigskip
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
371  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
372  | 
A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
373  | 
a regular expression that recognises all its strings.\bigskip\bigskip\pause  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
374  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
375  | 
not all languages are regular, e.g.~\bl{$a^nb^n$} is not
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
376  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
377  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
378  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
379  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
380  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
381  | 
\frametitle{Regular Languages (2)}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
382  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
383  | 
A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a regular
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
384  | 
expression that recognises all its strings.\bigskip\medskip  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
385  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
386  | 
or {\bf equivalently}\bigskip\medskip
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
387  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
388  | 
A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
389  | 
deterministic finite automaton that recognises all its  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
390  | 
strings.  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
391  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
392  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
393  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
394  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
395  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
396  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
397  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
348
 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
346 
diff
changeset
 | 
398  | 
\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}
 | 
| 
 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
346 
diff
changeset
 | 
399  | 
Non-Deterministic\\[-1mm]  | 
| 
 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
346 
diff
changeset
 | 
400  | 
              Finite Automata\end{tabular}}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
401  | 
|
| 779 | 402  | 
\bl{$N(\varSigma, \mbox{Qs}, \mbox{Qs}_0, F, \rho)$}\\
 | 
403  | 
A non-deterministic finite automaton (NFA) consists of:  | 
|
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
404  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
405  | 
\begin{itemize}
 | 
| 779 | 406  | 
\item a finite set of states, \bl{$Qs$}
 | 
407  | 
\item \underline{some} these states are the start states, \bl{$Qs_0$}
 | 
|
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
408  | 
\item some states are accepting states, and  | 
| 779 | 409  | 
\item there is transition \alert{relation}, \bl{$\rho$}\medskip 
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
410  | 
\end{itemize}
 | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
411  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
412  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
413  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
414  | 
\begin{tabular}{c}
 | 
| 515 | 415  | 
\bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
 | 
416  | 
\bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_3$}\\
 | 
|
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
417  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
| 515 | 418  | 
\bl{\ldots}
 | 
419  | 
\hspace{10mm}\pause
 | 
|
420  | 
\bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \{\mbox{Q}_2, \mbox{Q}_3\}$}
 | 
|
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
421  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
422  | 
|
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
423  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
424  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
425  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
426  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
427  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 515 | 428  | 
\frametitle{An NFA Example}
 | 
429  | 
||
430  | 
% A NFA for (ab* + b)*a  | 
|
431  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
432  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick, auto,
 | 
|
433  | 
    every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=3pt,
 | 
|
434  | 
draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},scale=2]  | 
|
435  | 
\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
|
436  | 
\node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | 
|
437  | 
\node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | 
|
438  | 
\path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
|
439  | 
\path[<-] (Q_0) edge node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_1);
 | 
|
440  | 
\path[->] (Q_0) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | 
|
441  | 
\path[->] (Q_0) edge [bend right] node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_2);
 | 
|
442  | 
\path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a,b$}} ();
 | 
|
443  | 
\path[->] (Q_1) edge node  [above] {\alert{$a$}} (Q_2);
 | 
|
444  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
445  | 
\end{center}
 | 
|
446  | 
||
447  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
448  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
449  | 
||
450  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
451  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
| 574 | 452  | 
\frametitle{Another Example}
 | 
453  | 
||
454  | 
For the regular expression \bl{$(.^*)a\,(.^{\{n\}})bc$}\bigskip\bigskip
 | 
|
455  | 
||
456  | 
% \begin{center}
 | 
|
| 650 | 457  | 
\mbox{}\hspace{-11.5mm}
 | 
| 574 | 458  | 
	\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick, auto,
 | 
459  | 
	every state/.style={minimum size=5pt,inner sep=1pt,
 | 
|
460  | 
draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},scale=1, node distance=5mm,  | 
|
461  | 
	decoration={brace,mirror,amplitude=7}]
 | 
|
462  | 
	\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\;0\;$};
 | 
|
463  | 
	\node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\;1\;$};
 | 
|
464  | 
	\node[state] (Q_2) [right=of Q_1] {$\;2\;$};
 | 
|
465  | 
	\node (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\hspace{-1mm}\ldots\hspace{-3mm}$};
 | 
|
466  | 
	\node[state] (Q_4) [right=of Q_3] {$\;\phantom{1}\;$};
 | 
|
467  | 
	\node (Q_5) [right=of Q_4] {$\hspace{-1mm}\ldots\hspace{-3mm}$};
 | 
|
468  | 
	\node[state] (Q_6) [right=of Q_5] {\tiny$n+1$};
 | 
|
469  | 
	\node[state] (Q_7) [right=of Q_6] {\tiny$n+2$};
 | 
|
470  | 
	\node[state,accepting] (Q_8) [right=of Q_7] {\tiny$n+3$};
 | 
|
471  | 
||
472  | 
	\path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop above] node {$*$} ();
 | 
|
473  | 
	\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above] {$a$} (Q_1);
 | 
|
474  | 
	\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above] {$*$} (Q_2);
 | 
|
475  | 
	\path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above] {$*$} (Q_3);
 | 
|
476  | 
	\path[->] (Q_4) edge node [above] {$*$} (Q_5);
 | 
|
477  | 
	\path[->] (Q_5) edge node [above] {$*$} (Q_6);
 | 
|
478  | 
	\path[->] (Q_6) edge node [above] {$b$} (Q_7);
 | 
|
479  | 
	\path[->] (Q_7) edge node [above] {$c$} (Q_8);
 | 
|
480  | 
||
481  | 
	\draw [decorate] ([yshift=-5mm]Q_1.east) --node[below=3mm]{$n$} ([yshift=-5mm]Q_6.west);
 | 
|
482  | 
	\end{tikzpicture}\bigskip
 | 
|
483  | 
||
484  | 
||
485  | 
{\small Note the star-transitions: accept any character.}
 | 
|
486  | 
||
487  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
488  | 
||
489  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
490  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
| 515 | 491  | 
\frametitle{Two Epsilon NFA Examples}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
492  | 
|
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
493  | 
\small  | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
494  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
143
 
e3fd4c5995ef
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
139 
diff
changeset
 | 
495  | 
\begin{tabular}[t]{c@{\hspace{9mm}}c}
 | 
| 
136
 
cc19e6cbcb68
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
135 
diff
changeset
 | 
496  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
 
cc19e6cbcb68
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
135 
diff
changeset
 | 
497  | 
                             every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 
215
 
828303e8e4af
updated slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
143 
diff
changeset
 | 
498  | 
\node[state,initial]  (q_0)  {$q_0$};
 | 
| 
 
828303e8e4af
updated slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
143 
diff
changeset
 | 
499  | 
\node[state] (q_1) [above=of q_0] {$q_1$};
 | 
| 
 
828303e8e4af
updated slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
143 
diff
changeset
 | 
500  | 
\node[state, accepting] (q_2) [below=of q_0] {$q_2$};
 | 
| 
 
828303e8e4af
updated slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
143 
diff
changeset
 | 
501  | 
\path[->] (q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (q_1);
 | 
| 
 
828303e8e4af
updated slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
143 
diff
changeset
 | 
502  | 
\path[->] (q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (q_2);
 | 
| 
 
828303e8e4af
updated slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
143 
diff
changeset
 | 
503  | 
\path[->] (q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
| 
 
828303e8e4af
updated slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
143 
diff
changeset
 | 
504  | 
\path[->] (q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
| 
 
828303e8e4af
updated slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
143 
diff
changeset
 | 
505  | 
\path[->] (q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
| 
143
 
e3fd4c5995ef
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
139 
diff
changeset
 | 
506  | 
\end{tikzpicture} &
 | 
| 
 
e3fd4c5995ef
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
139 
diff
changeset
 | 
507  | 
|
| 
 
e3fd4c5995ef
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
139 
diff
changeset
 | 
508  | 
\raisebox{20mm}{
 | 
| 
 
e3fd4c5995ef
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
139 
diff
changeset
 | 
509  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
 
e3fd4c5995ef
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
139 
diff
changeset
 | 
510  | 
                             every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 
 
e3fd4c5995ef
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
139 
diff
changeset
 | 
511  | 
\node[state,initial]  (r_1)  {$r_1$};
 | 
| 
 
e3fd4c5995ef
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
139 
diff
changeset
 | 
512  | 
\node[state] (r_2) [above=of r_1] {$r_2$};
 | 
| 
 
e3fd4c5995ef
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
139 
diff
changeset
 | 
513  | 
\node[state, accepting] (r_3) [right=of r_1] {$r_3$};
 | 
| 
 
e3fd4c5995ef
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
139 
diff
changeset
 | 
514  | 
\path[->] (r_1) edge node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (r_3);
 | 
| 
 
e3fd4c5995ef
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
139 
diff
changeset
 | 
515  | 
\path[->] (r_2) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (r_3);
 | 
| 
 
e3fd4c5995ef
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
139 
diff
changeset
 | 
516  | 
\path[->] (r_1) edge [bend left] node  [left] {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (r_2);
 | 
| 
 
e3fd4c5995ef
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
139 
diff
changeset
 | 
517  | 
\path[->] (r_2) edge [bend left] node  [right] {\alert{$a$}} (r_1);
 | 
| 
 
e3fd4c5995ef
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
139 
diff
changeset
 | 
518  | 
\end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 
 
e3fd4c5995ef
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
139 
diff
changeset
 | 
519  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
520  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
521  | 
|
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
522  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
523  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
524  | 
|
| 515 | 525  | 
|
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
526  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
527  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 779 | 528  | 
\frametitle{Thompson: Rexp to $\epsilon$NFA}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
529  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
530  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
137
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
531  | 
\begin{tabular}[t]{l@{\hspace{10mm}}l}
 | 
| 445 | 532  | 
\raisebox{1mm}{\bl{$\ZERO$}} & 
 | 
| 
137
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
533  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick, every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 534  | 
\node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
137
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
535  | 
\end{tikzpicture}\\\\
 | 
| 445 | 536  | 
\raisebox{1mm}{\bl{$\ONE$}} & 
 | 
| 
137
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
537  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick, every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 538  | 
\node[state, initial, accepting]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
137
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
539  | 
\end{tikzpicture}\\\\
 | 
| 651 | 540  | 
\raisebox{5mm}{\bl{$c$}} & 
 | 
| 
137
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
541  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick, every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 542  | 
\node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
543  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (Q_1)  [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
544  | 
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [below]  {\alert{$c$}} (Q_1);
 | 
|
| 
137
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
545  | 
\end{tikzpicture}\\\\
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
546  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
547  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
548  | 
|
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
549  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
550  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
551  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
552  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
137
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
553  | 
\begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
554  | 
\frametitle{Case $r_1\cdot r_2$}
 | 
| 
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
555  | 
|
| 
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
556  | 
\mbox{}\bigskip
 | 
| 515 | 557  | 
\onslide<1->{By recursion we are given two automata:\bigskip}
 | 
| 
137
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
558  | 
|
| 515 | 559  | 
{\centering%
 | 
560  | 
\only<1>{%
 | 
|
561  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | 
|
562  | 
>=stealth',very thick,  | 
|
563  | 
    every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}]
 | 
|
564  | 
\node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
565  | 
\node[state, initial]  (Q_01) [below=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | 
|
566  | 
\node[state, initial]  (Q_02) [above=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | 
|
567  | 
\node (R_1)  [right=of Q_0] {$\ldots$};
 | 
|
568  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (T_1)  [right=of R_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
569  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (T_2)  [above=of T_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
570  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (T_3)  [below=of T_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
571  | 
||
572  | 
\node (A_0)  [right=2.5cm of T_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
573  | 
\node[state, initial]  (A_01)  [above=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
574  | 
\node[state, initial]  (A_02)  [below=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
575  | 
||
576  | 
\node (b_1)  [right=of A_0] {$\ldots$};
 | 
|
| 
137
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
577  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (c_1)  [right=of b_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
578  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (c_2)  [above=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
579  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (c_3)  [below=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
580  | 
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | 
| 515 | 581  | 
\node (1) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick,  | 
582  | 
    draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (Q_0) (R_1) (T_1) (T_2) (T_3)] {};
 | 
|
583  | 
\node (2) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick,  | 
|
584  | 
    draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (A_0) (b_1) (c_1) (c_2) (c_3)] {};
 | 
|
585  | 
\node [yshift=2mm] at (1.north) {$r_1$};
 | 
|
586  | 
\node [yshift=2mm] at (2.north) {$r_2$};
 | 
|
| 
143
 
e3fd4c5995ef
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
139 
diff
changeset
 | 
587  | 
\end{pgfonlayer}
 | 
| 515 | 588  | 
\end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
589  | 
\only<2>{%
 | 
|
590  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | 
|
591  | 
>=stealth',very thick,  | 
|
592  | 
    every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
|
593  | 
\node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
594  | 
\node[state, initial]  (Q_01) [below=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | 
|
595  | 
\node[state, initial]  (Q_02) [above=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | 
|
596  | 
\node (r_1)  [right=of Q_0] {$\ldots$};
 | 
|
597  | 
\node[state]  (t_1)  [right=of r_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
598  | 
\node[state]  (t_2)  [above=of t_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
599  | 
\node[state]  (t_3)  [below=of t_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
600  | 
||
601  | 
\node  (A_0)  [right=2.5cm of t_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
602  | 
\node[state]  (A_01)  [above=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
603  | 
\node[state]  (A_02)  [below=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
604  | 
||
605  | 
\node (b_1)  [right=of A_0] {$\ldots$};
 | 
|
606  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (c_1)  [right=of b_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
607  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (c_2)  [above=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
608  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (c_3)  [below=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
609  | 
\path[->] (t_1) edge (A_01);  | 
|
610  | 
\path[->] (t_2) edge node [above]  {$\epsilon$s} (A_01);
 | 
|
611  | 
\path[->] (t_3) edge (A_01);  | 
|
612  | 
\path[->] (t_1) edge (A_02);  | 
|
613  | 
\path[->] (t_2) edge (A_02);  | 
|
614  | 
\path[->] (t_3) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$s} (A_02);
 | 
|
615  | 
||
616  | 
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | 
|
617  | 
\node (3) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick,  | 
|
618  | 
    draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (Q_0) (c_1) (c_2) (c_3)] {};
 | 
|
619  | 
\node [yshift=2mm] at (3.north) {$r_1\cdot r_2$};
 | 
|
620  | 
\end{pgfonlayer}
 | 
|
621  | 
\end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
|
622  | 
%  | 
|
623  | 
}\bigskip\bigskip  | 
|
| 
137
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
624  | 
|
| 
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
625  | 
\small  | 
| 
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
626  | 
We need to (1) change the accepting nodes of the first automaton into non-accepting nodes, and (2) connect them  | 
| 
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
627  | 
via $\epsilon$-transitions to the starting state of the second automaton.  | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
628  | 
|
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
629  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
137
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
630  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
631  | 
|
| 
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
632  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
633  | 
\begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
634  | 
\frametitle{Case $r_1+ r_2$}
 | 
| 515 | 635  | 
\mbox{}\\[-8mm]
 | 
| 
137
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
636  | 
|
| 515 | 637  | 
\onslide<1->{By recursion we are given two automata:\smallskip}
 | 
| 
137
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
638  | 
|
| 515 | 639  | 
\hspace{2cm}
 | 
640  | 
\only<1>{%
 | 
|
641  | 
  \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | 
|
642  | 
>=stealth',very thick,  | 
|
643  | 
    every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
 | 
|
644  | 
baseline=(current bounding box.center)]  | 
|
645  | 
\node at (0,0)  (1)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
646  | 
\node  (2)  [above=14mm of 1] {};
 | 
|
647  | 
\node[state, initial]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
648  | 
\node[state, initial]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
649  | 
\node[state, initial]  (3)  [below=10mm of 1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
650  | 
|
| 515 | 651  | 
\node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots\,$};
 | 
652  | 
\node  (a1)  [right=of a] {$$};
 | 
|
| 
137
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
653  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
654  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
655  | 
|
| 
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
656  | 
\node (b)  [right=of 3] {$\ldots$};
 | 
| 
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
657  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (b1)  [right=of b] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
658  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (b2)  [above=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
659  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (b3)  [below=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
660  | 
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | 
| 515 | 661  | 
\node (1) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (2) (a1) (a2) (a3)] {};
 | 
662  | 
\node (2) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (3) (b1) (b2) (b3)] {};
 | 
|
663  | 
\node [yshift=3mm] at (1.north) {$r_1$};
 | 
|
664  | 
\node [yshift=3mm] at (2.north) {$r_2$};
 | 
|
| 
137
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
665  | 
\end{pgfonlayer}
 | 
| 515 | 666  | 
\end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
667  | 
\only<2>{%
 | 
|
668  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | 
|
669  | 
>=stealth',very thick,  | 
|
670  | 
    every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
 | 
|
671  | 
baseline=(current bounding box.center)]  | 
|
672  | 
\node at (0,0) (1)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
673  | 
\node (2)  [above=14mm of 1] {$$};
 | 
|
674  | 
\node[state, initial]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
675  | 
\node[state, initial]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
676  | 
\node[state, initial]  (3)  [below=10mm of 1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
677  | 
||
678  | 
\node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots\,$};
 | 
|
679  | 
\node (a1)  [right=of a] {$$};
 | 
|
680  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
681  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
682  | 
||
683  | 
\node (b)  [right=of 3] {$\ldots$};
 | 
|
684  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (b1)  [right=of b] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
685  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (b2)  [above=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
686  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (b3)  [below=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
687  | 
||
688  | 
%\path[->] (1) edge node [above]  {$\epsilon$} (2);
 | 
|
689  | 
%\path[->] (1) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (3);
 | 
|
690  | 
||
691  | 
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | 
|
692  | 
\node (3) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (1) (a2) (a3) (b2) (b3)] {};
 | 
|
693  | 
\node [yshift=3mm] at (3.north) {$r_1+ r_2$};
 | 
|
694  | 
\end{pgfonlayer}
 | 
|
695  | 
\end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
|
696  | 
%  | 
|
| 
137
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
697  | 
|
| 
 
69cec773736b
added pictures
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
136 
diff
changeset
 | 
698  | 
\small  | 
| 515 | 699  | 
\mbox{}\\\medskip
 | 
| 517 | 700  | 
We can just put both automata together.  | 
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
701  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
702  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
703  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
704  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
705  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
138
 
b98a0a49c432
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
137 
diff
changeset
 | 
706  | 
\frametitle{Case $r^*$}
 | 
| 
 
b98a0a49c432
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
137 
diff
changeset
 | 
707  | 
|
| 515 | 708  | 
\onslide<1->{By recursion we are given an automaton for $r$:\smallskip}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
709  | 
|
| 515 | 710  | 
\hspace{2cm}
 | 
711  | 
\only<1>{\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | 
|
712  | 
>=stealth',very thick,  | 
|
713  | 
    every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
 | 
|
714  | 
baseline=(current bounding box.north)]  | 
|
715  | 
\node (2)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
716  | 
\node[state, initial]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
717  | 
\node[state, initial]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | 
|
| 
138
 
b98a0a49c432
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
137 
diff
changeset
 | 
718  | 
\node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots$};
 | 
| 
 
b98a0a49c432
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
137 
diff
changeset
 | 
719  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (a1)  [right=of a] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
 
b98a0a49c432
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
137 
diff
changeset
 | 
720  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 515 | 721  | 
\node[state, accepting]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
722  | 
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | 
|
723  | 
\node (1) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (2) (a1) (a2) (a3)] {};
 | 
|
724  | 
\node [yshift=3mm] at (1.north) {$r$};
 | 
|
725  | 
\end{pgfonlayer}
 | 
|
726  | 
\end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
|
727  | 
\only<2->{\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | 
|
728  | 
>=stealth',very thick,  | 
|
729  | 
    every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
 | 
|
730  | 
baseline=(current bounding box.north)]  | 
|
731  | 
\node at (0,0) [state, initial,accepting]  (1)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
732  | 
\node (2)  [right=16mm of 1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
733  | 
\node[state]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
|
734  | 
\node[state]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | 
|
735  | 
\node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots$};
 | 
|
| 
138
 
b98a0a49c432
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
137 
diff
changeset
 | 
736  | 
\node[state]  (a1)  [right=of a] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
 
b98a0a49c432
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
137 
diff
changeset
 | 
737  | 
\node[state]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 515 | 738  | 
\node[state]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
739  | 
\path[->] (1) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (4);
 | 
|
740  | 
\path[->] (1) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (5);
 | 
|
741  | 
\path[->] (a1) edge [bend left=45] node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (1);
 | 
|
742  | 
\path[->] (a2) edge [bend right] node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (1);
 | 
|
743  | 
\path[->] (a3) edge [bend left=45] node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (1);
 | 
|
| 
138
 
b98a0a49c432
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
137 
diff
changeset
 | 
744  | 
\begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | 
| 515 | 745  | 
\node (2) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (1) (a2) (a3)] {};
 | 
746  | 
\node [yshift=3mm] at (2.north) {$r^*$};
 | 
|
| 
138
 
b98a0a49c432
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
137 
diff
changeset
 | 
747  | 
\end{pgfonlayer}
 | 
| 515 | 748  | 
\end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
749  | 
\bigskip  | 
|
| 
138
 
b98a0a49c432
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
137 
diff
changeset
 | 
750  | 
|
| 
139
 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
138 
diff
changeset
 | 
751  | 
\onslide<3->{
 | 
| 
 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
138 
diff
changeset
 | 
752  | 
Why can't we just have an epsilon transition from the accepting states to the starting state?}  | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
753  | 
|
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
754  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
755  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
756  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
757  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
758  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 779 | 759  | 
\frametitle{\mbox{NFA Breadth-First: \boldmath{}$a^{?\{n\}}\!\cdot\! a^{\{n\}}$}}
 | 
760  | 
||
761  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
762  | 
  \begin{axis}[xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
 | 
|
763  | 
    ylabel={time in secs},
 | 
|
764  | 
enlargelimits=false,  | 
|
765  | 
    xtick={0,5,...,30},
 | 
|
766  | 
xmax=30,  | 
|
767  | 
ymax=35,  | 
|
768  | 
    ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | 
|
769  | 
scaled ticks=false,  | 
|
770  | 
axis lines=left,  | 
|
771  | 
width=9cm,  | 
|
772  | 
height=6cm,  | 
|
773  | 
    legend entries={Python,Ruby,my NFA},
 | 
|
774  | 
legend pos=outer north east,  | 
|
775  | 
legend cell align=left]  | 
|
776  | 
\addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python.data};
 | 
|
777  | 
\addplot[brown,mark=pentagon*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-ruby.data};  
 | 
|
778  | 
\addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfabreadth.data};	
 | 
|
779  | 
\end{axis}
 | 
|
780  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
781  | 
||
782  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
783  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
784  | 
||
785  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
786  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
787  | 
  \frametitle{NFA Breadth-First:\boldmath{}$(a^*)^* \cdot b$}
 | 
|
788  | 
||
789  | 
\bigskip  | 
|
790  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
791  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
792  | 
  \begin{axis}[
 | 
|
793  | 
    xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
 | 
|
794  | 
    %%x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
 | 
|
795  | 
    ylabel={time in secs},
 | 
|
796  | 
enlargelimits=false,  | 
|
797  | 
    xtick={0,10,...,100},
 | 
|
798  | 
xmax=103,  | 
|
799  | 
ymax=35,  | 
|
800  | 
    ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | 
|
801  | 
scaled ticks=false,  | 
|
802  | 
axis lines=left,  | 
|
803  | 
width=9cm,  | 
|
804  | 
height=6cm,  | 
|
805  | 
    legend entries={Java 8,Python,JavaScript,Swift,Dart,my NFA},  
 | 
|
806  | 
legend pos=outer north east,  | 
|
807  | 
legend cell align=left]  | 
|
808  | 
\addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
 | 
|
809  | 
\addplot[cyan,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-java.data};
 | 
|
810  | 
\addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-js.data};
 | 
|
811  | 
\addplot[magenta,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-swift.data};
 | 
|
812  | 
\addplot[brown,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-dart.data};
 | 
|
813  | 
||
814  | 
\addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfabreadth2.data};	
 | 
|
815  | 
\end{axis}
 | 
|
816  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
817  | 
\end{center}
 | 
|
818  | 
||
819  | 
||
820  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
821  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
822  | 
||
823  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
824  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
825  | 
\frametitle{NFA Depth-First: \boldmath$a^{?\{n\}} \cdot a^{\{n\}}$}
 | 
|
826  | 
||
827  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
828  | 
  \begin{axis}[xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
 | 
|
829  | 
    ylabel={time in secs},
 | 
|
830  | 
enlargelimits=false,  | 
|
831  | 
    xtick={0,5,...,30},
 | 
|
832  | 
xmax=30,  | 
|
833  | 
ymax=35,  | 
|
834  | 
    ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | 
|
835  | 
scaled ticks=false,  | 
|
836  | 
axis lines=left,  | 
|
837  | 
width=9cm,  | 
|
838  | 
height=6cm,  | 
|
839  | 
    legend entries={Python,Ruby,my NFA},
 | 
|
840  | 
legend pos=outer north east,  | 
|
841  | 
legend cell align=left]  | 
|
842  | 
\addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python.data};
 | 
|
843  | 
\addplot[brown,mark=pentagon*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-ruby.data};  
 | 
|
844  | 
\addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfadepth.data};	
 | 
|
845  | 
\end{axis}
 | 
|
846  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
847  | 
||
848  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
849  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
850  | 
||
851  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
852  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
853  | 
  \frametitle{NFA Depth-First: \boldmath$(a^*)^* \cdot b$}
 | 
|
854  | 
||
855  | 
\bigskip  | 
|
856  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
857  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
858  | 
  \begin{axis}[
 | 
|
859  | 
    xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
 | 
|
860  | 
    %%x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
 | 
|
861  | 
    ylabel={time in secs},
 | 
|
862  | 
enlargelimits=false,  | 
|
863  | 
    xtick={0,15,...,30},
 | 
|
864  | 
xmax=33,  | 
|
865  | 
ymax=35,  | 
|
866  | 
    ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | 
|
867  | 
scaled ticks=false,  | 
|
868  | 
axis lines=left,  | 
|
869  | 
width=9cm,  | 
|
870  | 
height=6cm,  | 
|
871  | 
    legend entries={Java 8,Python,JavaScript,Swift,Dart,my NFA},  
 | 
|
872  | 
legend pos=outer north east,  | 
|
873  | 
legend cell align=left]  | 
|
874  | 
\addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
 | 
|
875  | 
\addplot[cyan,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-java.data};
 | 
|
876  | 
\addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-js.data};
 | 
|
877  | 
\addplot[magenta,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-swift.data};
 | 
|
878  | 
\addplot[brown,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-dart.data};
 | 
|
879  | 
||
880  | 
\addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfadepth2.data};	
 | 
|
881  | 
\end{axis}
 | 
|
882  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
883  | 
\end{center}
 | 
|
884  | 
||
885  | 
The punchline is that many existing libraries do depth-first search  | 
|
886  | 
in NFAs (with backtracking).  | 
|
887  | 
||
888  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
889  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
890  | 
||
| 782 | 891  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
892  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
893  | 
\frametitle{Subset Construction}
 | 
|
894  | 
||
895  | 
||
896  | 
\begin{textblock}{5}(1,3.5)
 | 
|
897  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
898  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=6mm,scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
|
899  | 
                             every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
|
900  | 
\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
|
901  | 
\node[state] (Q_1) [below=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | 
|
902  | 
\node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [below=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | 
|
903  | 
||
904  | 
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$1$}} (Q_1);
 | 
|
905  | 
\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [left]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (Q_2);
 | 
|
906  | 
\path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$0,1$}} ();
 | 
|
907  | 
%\path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
|
908  | 
%\path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
|
909  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
910  | 
\end{center}
 | 
|
911  | 
\end{textblock}
 | 
|
912  | 
||
913  | 
\begin{textblock}{11}(6.5,4)
 | 
|
914  | 
\begin{tabular}{r|cl}
 | 
|
915  | 
nodes \textcolor{white}{*} & $0$ & $1$\\
 | 
|
916  | 
\hline  | 
|
917  | 
$\{\}$  \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<2->{$\{\}$} & \onslide<2->{$\{\}$}\\
 | 
|
918  | 
\onslide<5->{s:} $\{0\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{0\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{0,1\}$}\\
 | 
|
919  | 
$\{1\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{2\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
|
920  | 
$\{2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{\}$}\\
 | 
|
921  | 
$\{0,1\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} &\onslide<4->{$\{0,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$}\\
 | 
|
922  | 
$\{0,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} &\onslide<4->{$\{0\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{0,1\}$}\\
 | 
|
923  | 
$\{1,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
|
924  | 
$\{0,1,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*}& \onslide<4->{$\{0,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$}\\
 | 
|
925  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
|
926  | 
\end{textblock}
 | 
|
927  | 
||
928  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
929  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
| 779 | 930  | 
|
| 782 | 931  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
932  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
933  | 
\frametitle{The Result}
 | 
|
934  | 
||
935  | 
\footnotesize  | 
|
936  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
937  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
|
938  | 
                    every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
|
939  | 
draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},  | 
|
940  | 
baseline=0mm]  | 
|
941  | 
\node[state,initial]  (q0)  {$\{0\}$};
 | 
|
942  | 
\node[state] (q01) [right=of q0] {$\{0,1\}$};
 | 
|
943  | 
\node[state,accepting] (q12) [above=of q01] {$\{1,2\}$};
 | 
|
944  | 
\node[state,accepting] (q02) [below=of q01] {$\{0,2\}$};
 | 
|
945  | 
\node[state] (q1) [right=2cm of q12] {$\{1\}$};
 | 
|
946  | 
\node[state,accepting] (q2) [right=2.5cm of q01] {$\{2\}$};
 | 
|
947  | 
\node[state,accepting] (q012) [right=1.5cm of q02] {$\{0,1,2\}$};
 | 
|
948  | 
\node[state] (Qn) [right=of q2] {$\{\}$};
 | 
|
949  | 
||
950  | 
\path[->] (q0) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$0$}} ();
 | 
|
951  | 
\path[->] (q0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$1$}} (q01);
 | 
|
952  | 
\path[->] (q02) edge [bend left] node [left]  {\alert{$1$}} (q01);
 | 
|
953  | 
\path[->] (q02) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0$}} (q0);
 | 
|
954  | 
\path[->] (q01) edge node [above]  {\alert{$1$}} (q012);
 | 
|
955  | 
\path[->] (q01) edge [bend left] node [right]  {\alert{$0$}} (q02);
 | 
|
956  | 
\path[->] (q12) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (q2);
 | 
|
957  | 
\path[->] (q1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (q2);
 | 
|
958  | 
\path[->] (q2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (Qn);
 | 
|
959  | 
\path[->] (q012) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$1$}} ();
 | 
|
960  | 
\path[->] (q012) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0$}} (q02);
 | 
|
961  | 
\path[->] (Qn) edge [loop above] node  {$\alert{0},\alert{1}$} ();
 | 
|
962  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
963  | 
\end{center}
 | 
|
964  | 
||
965  | 
||
966  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
967  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
968  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
969  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
970  | 
\frametitle{Removing Dead States}
 | 
|
971  | 
||
972  | 
\footnotesize  | 
|
973  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
974  | 
\begin{tabular}{ll}
 | 
|
975  | 
\large DFA: & \large (original) NFA:\\  | 
|
976  | 
\raisebox{0mm}{%
 | 
|
977  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
|
978  | 
                    every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
|
979  | 
draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}]  | 
|
980  | 
\node[state,initial]  (q0)  {$\{0\}$};
 | 
|
981  | 
\node[state] (q01) [right=of q0] {$\{0,1\}$};
 | 
|
982  | 
\node[state,accepting] (q02) [below=of q01] {$\{0,2\}$};
 | 
|
983  | 
\node[state,accepting] (q012) [right=1.5cm of q02] {$\{0,1,2\}$};
 | 
|
984  | 
||
985  | 
\path[->] (q0) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$0$}} ();
 | 
|
986  | 
\path[->] (q0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$1$}} (q01);
 | 
|
987  | 
\path[->] (q02) edge [bend left] node [left]  {\alert{$1$}} (q01);
 | 
|
988  | 
\path[->] (q02) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0$}} (q0);
 | 
|
989  | 
\path[->] (q01) edge node [above]  {\alert{$1$}} (q012);
 | 
|
990  | 
\path[->] (q01) edge [bend left] node [right]  {\alert{$0$}} (q02);
 | 
|
991  | 
\path[->] (q012) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$1$}} ();
 | 
|
992  | 
\path[->] (q012) edge node [below]  {\alert{$0$}} (q02);
 | 
|
993  | 
\end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
|
994  | 
&  | 
|
995  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
|
996  | 
                    every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
|
997  | 
draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]  | 
|
998  | 
\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
|
999  | 
\node[state] (Q_1) [below=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | 
|
1000  | 
\node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [below=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | 
|
1001  | 
||
1002  | 
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$1$}} (Q_1);
 | 
|
1003  | 
\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [left]  {\alert{$0,1$}} (Q_2);
 | 
|
1004  | 
\path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$0,1$}} ();                    
 | 
|
1005  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
1006  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
|
1007  | 
\end{center}
 | 
|
1008  | 
||
1009  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
1010  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
| 779 | 1011  | 
|
1012  | 
||
1013  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
1014  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
| 782 | 1015  | 
\frametitle{Subset Construction ($\epsilon$NFA)}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1016  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1017  | 
|
| 662 | 1018  | 
\begin{textblock}{5}(1,1.5)
 | 
| 
136
 
cc19e6cbcb68
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
135 
diff
changeset
 | 
1019  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 515 | 1020  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=6mm,scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
136
 
cc19e6cbcb68
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
135 
diff
changeset
 | 
1021  | 
                             every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1022  | 
\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
1023  | 
\node[state] (Q_1) [above=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | 
|
1024  | 
\node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [below=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | 
|
1025  | 
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_1);
 | 
|
1026  | 
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_2);
 | 
|
1027  | 
\path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
|
1028  | 
\path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
|
1029  | 
\path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
|
| 
136
 
cc19e6cbcb68
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
135 
diff
changeset
 | 
1030  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
 
cc19e6cbcb68
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
135 
diff
changeset
 | 
1031  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1032  | 
\end{textblock}
 | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1033  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1034  | 
\begin{textblock}{11}(6.5,4.5)
 | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1035  | 
\begin{tabular}{r|cl}
 | 
| 
139
 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
138 
diff
changeset
 | 
1036  | 
nodes \textcolor{white}{*} & $a$ & $b$\\
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1037  | 
\hline  | 
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1038  | 
$\{\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<2->{$\{\}$} & \onslide<2->{$\{\}$}\\
 | 
| 
139
 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
138 
diff
changeset
 | 
1039  | 
$\{0\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1040  | 
$\{1\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{1\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{\}$}\\
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1041  | 
$\{2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 
139
 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
138 
diff
changeset
 | 
1042  | 
$\{0,1\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} &\onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 
 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
138 
diff
changeset
 | 
1043  | 
$\{0,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} &\onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 
 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
138 
diff
changeset
 | 
1044  | 
$\{1,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} & \onslide<4->{$\{1\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 
 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
138 
diff
changeset
 | 
1045  | 
\onslide<5->{s:} $\{0,1,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*}& \onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1046  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1047  | 
\end{textblock}
 | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1048  | 
|
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1049  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1050  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1051  | 
|
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1052  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1053  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1054  | 
\frametitle{The Result}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1055  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1056  | 
\footnotesize  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1057  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1058  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1059  | 
                    every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1060  | 
draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1061  | 
baseline=0mm]  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1062  | 
\node[state,initial,accepting]  (q012)  {$\{0,1,2\}$};
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1063  | 
\node[state,accepting] (q02) [right=of q012] {$\{0,2\}$};
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1064  | 
\node[state] (q01) [above=of q02] {$\{0,1\}$};
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1065  | 
\node[state,accepting] (q12) [below=of q02] {$\{1,2\}$};
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1066  | 
\node[state] (q0) [right=2cm of q01] {$\{0\}$};
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1067  | 
\node[state] (q1) [right=2.5cm of q02] {$\{1\}$};
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1068  | 
\node[state,accepting] (q2) [right=1.5cm of q12] {$\{2\}$};
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1069  | 
\node[state] (qn) [right=of q1] {$\{\}$};
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1070  | 
|
| 
348
 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
346 
diff
changeset
 | 
1071  | 
\path[->] (q012) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
| 
 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
346 
diff
changeset
 | 
1072  | 
\path[->] (q012) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
346 
diff
changeset
 | 
1073  | 
\path[->] (q12) edge [bend left] node [below,pos=0.4]  {\alert{$a$}} (q1);
 | 
| 
 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
346 
diff
changeset
 | 
1074  | 
\path[->] (q12) edge node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
346 
diff
changeset
 | 
1075  | 
\path[->] (q02) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q012);
 | 
| 
 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
346 
diff
changeset
 | 
1076  | 
\path[->] (q02) edge [bend left] node [above, pos=0.8]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
346 
diff
changeset
 | 
1077  | 
\path[->] (q01) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (q012);
 | 
| 
 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
346 
diff
changeset
 | 
1078  | 
\path[->] (q01) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
346 
diff
changeset
 | 
1079  | 
\path[->] (q0) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (q012);
 | 
| 
 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
346 
diff
changeset
 | 
1080  | 
\path[->] (q0) edge node [right, pos=0.2]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
346 
diff
changeset
 | 
1081  | 
\path[->] (q1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
| 
 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
346 
diff
changeset
 | 
1082  | 
\path[->] (q1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (qn);
 | 
| 
 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
346 
diff
changeset
 | 
1083  | 
\path[->] (q2) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
| 
 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
346 
diff
changeset
 | 
1084  | 
\path[->] (q2) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (qn);
 | 
| 
 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
346 
diff
changeset
 | 
1085  | 
\path[->] (qn) edge [loop above] node  {$\alert{a},\alert{b}$} ();
 | 
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1086  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1087  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1088  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1089  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1090  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1091  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1092  | 
|
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1093  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1094  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1095  | 
\frametitle{Removing Dead States}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1096  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1097  | 
\footnotesize  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1098  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1099  | 
\begin{tabular}{ll}
 | 
| 445 | 1100  | 
DFA: & (original) NFA:\\  | 
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1101  | 
\raisebox{10mm}{%
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1102  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1103  | 
                    every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1104  | 
draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}]  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1105  | 
\node[state,initial,accepting]  (q012)  {$\{0,1,2\}$};
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1106  | 
\node[state,accepting] (q2) [right=of q012] {$\{2\}$};
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1107  | 
\node[state] (qn) [right=of q2] {$\{\}$};
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1108  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1109  | 
\path[->] (q012) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1110  | 
\path[->] (q012) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1111  | 
\path[->] (q2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1112  | 
\path[->] (q2) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (qn);
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1113  | 
\path[->] (qn) edge [loop above] node  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1114  | 
   {$\alert{a},\alert{b}$} ();
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1115  | 
\end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1116  | 
&  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1117  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1118  | 
                    every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1119  | 
draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]  | 
| 515 | 1120  | 
\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
1121  | 
\node[state] (Q_1) [above=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | 
|
1122  | 
\node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [below=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | 
|
1123  | 
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_1);
 | 
|
1124  | 
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_2);
 | 
|
1125  | 
\path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
|
1126  | 
\path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
|
1127  | 
\path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
|
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1128  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1129  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1130  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1131  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1132  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1133  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1134  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1135  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1136  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1137  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1138  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1139  | 
\frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1140  | 
|
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1141  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1142  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1143  | 
\node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1144  | 
\node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1145  | 
\node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
 | 
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1146  | 
\onslide<2->{\node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};}
 | 
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1147  | 
\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1148  | 
\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
 | 
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1149  | 
\onslide<2->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=9mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1150  | 
\end{tikzpicture}\\
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1151  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1152  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1153  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1154  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1155  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1156  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1157  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1158  | 
\frametitle{DFA Minimisation}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1159  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1160  | 
\begin{enumerate}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1161  | 
\item Take all pairs \bl{$(q, p)$} with \bl{$q \not= p$}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1162  | 
\item Mark all pairs that accepting and non-accepting states  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1163  | 
\item For  all unmarked pairs \bl{$(q, p)$} and all characters \bl{$c$} test whether
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1164  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1165  | 
\bl{$(\delta(q, c), \delta(p,c))$}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1166  | 
\end{center} 
 | 
| 
348
 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
346 
diff
changeset
 | 
1167  | 
are marked. If yes in at least one case, then also mark \bl{$(q, p)$}.
 | 
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1168  | 
\item Repeat last step until no change.  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1169  | 
\item All unmarked pairs can be merged.  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1170  | 
\end{enumerate}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1171  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1172  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1173  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1174  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1175  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1176  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1177  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1178  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1179  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1180  | 
                             every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1181  | 
\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
1182  | 
\node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | 
|
1183  | 
\node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | 
|
1184  | 
\node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | 
|
1185  | 
\node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};
 | 
|
1186  | 
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | 
|
1187  | 
\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | 
|
1188  | 
\path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | 
|
1189  | 
\path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | 
|
1190  | 
\path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | 
|
1191  | 
\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | 
|
1192  | 
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | 
|
1193  | 
\path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
|
1194  | 
\path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);
 | 
|
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1195  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1196  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1197  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1198  | 
\mbox{}\\[-20mm]\mbox{}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1199  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1200  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1201  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8,line width=0.8mm]
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1202  | 
\draw (0,0) -- (4,0);  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1203  | 
\draw (0,1) -- (4,1);  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1204  | 
\draw (0,2) -- (3,2);  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1205  | 
\draw (0,3) -- (2,3);  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1206  | 
\draw (0,4) -- (1,4);  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1207  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1208  | 
\draw (0,0) -- (0, 4);  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1209  | 
\draw (1,0) -- (1, 4);  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1210  | 
\draw (2,0) -- (2, 3);  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1211  | 
\draw (3,0) -- (3, 2);  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1212  | 
\draw (4,0) -- (4, 1);  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1213  | 
|
| 515 | 1214  | 
\draw (0.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_0$}; 
 | 
1215  | 
\draw (1.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
 | 
|
1216  | 
\draw (2.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
 | 
|
1217  | 
\draw (3.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | 
|
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1218  | 
|
| 515 | 1219  | 
\draw (-0.5, 3.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
 | 
1220  | 
\draw (-0.5, 2.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
 | 
|
1221  | 
\draw (-0.5, 1.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$}; 
 | 
|
1222  | 
\draw (-0.5, 0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_4$}; 
 | 
|
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1223  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1224  | 
\draw (0.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1225  | 
\draw (1.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1226  | 
\draw (2.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1227  | 
\draw (3.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$};
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1228  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1229  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1230  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1231  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1232  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1233  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1234  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1235  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1236  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1237  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1238  | 
\begin{tabular}{@{\hspace{-8mm}}cc@{}}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1239  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1240  | 
                             every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1241  | 
\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
1242  | 
\node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | 
|
1243  | 
\node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | 
|
1244  | 
\node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | 
|
1245  | 
\node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};
 | 
|
1246  | 
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | 
|
1247  | 
\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | 
|
1248  | 
\path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | 
|
1249  | 
\path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | 
|
1250  | 
\path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | 
|
1251  | 
\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | 
|
1252  | 
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | 
|
1253  | 
\path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
|
1254  | 
\path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);
 | 
|
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1255  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1256  | 
&  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1257  | 
\raisebox{9mm}{\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.6,line width=0.8mm]
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1258  | 
\draw (0,0) -- (4,0);  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1259  | 
\draw (0,1) -- (4,1);  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1260  | 
\draw (0,2) -- (3,2);  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1261  | 
\draw (0,3) -- (2,3);  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1262  | 
\draw (0,4) -- (1,4);  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1263  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1264  | 
\draw (0,0) -- (0, 4);  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1265  | 
\draw (1,0) -- (1, 4);  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1266  | 
\draw (2,0) -- (2, 3);  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1267  | 
\draw (3,0) -- (3, 2);  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1268  | 
\draw (4,0) -- (4, 1);  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1269  | 
|
| 515 | 1270  | 
\draw (0.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_0$}; 
 | 
1271  | 
\draw (1.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
 | 
|
1272  | 
\draw (2.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
 | 
|
1273  | 
\draw (3.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | 
|
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1274  | 
|
| 515 | 1275  | 
\draw (-0.5, 3.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
 | 
1276  | 
\draw (-0.5, 2.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
 | 
|
1277  | 
\draw (-0.5, 1.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$}; 
 | 
|
1278  | 
\draw (-0.5, 0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_4$}; 
 | 
|
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1279  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1280  | 
\draw (0.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1281  | 
\draw (1.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1282  | 
\draw (2.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1283  | 
\draw (3.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$};
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1284  | 
\draw (0.5,1.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1285  | 
\draw (2.5,1.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1286  | 
\draw (0.5,3.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1287  | 
\draw (1.5,2.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1288  | 
\end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1289  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1290  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1291  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1292  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1293  | 
\mbox{}\\[-20mm]\mbox{}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1294  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1295  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1296  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1297  | 
                             every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1298  | 
\node[state,initial]  (Q_02)  {$\mbox{Q}_{0, 2}$};
 | 
1299  | 
\node[state] (Q_13) [right=of Q_02] {$\mbox{Q}_{1, 3}$};
 | 
|
1300  | 
\node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_13] {$\mbox{Q}_{4\phantom{,0}}$};
 | 
|
1301  | 
\path[->] (Q_02) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_13);
 | 
|
1302  | 
\path[->] (Q_13) edge [bend left] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_02);
 | 
|
1303  | 
\path[->] (Q_02) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
|
1304  | 
\path[->] (Q_13) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | 
|
1305  | 
\path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | 
|
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1306  | 
\end{tikzpicture}\\
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1307  | 
minimal automaton  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1308  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1309  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1310  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1311  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1312  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1313  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1314  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1315  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1316  | 
\frametitle{Alternatives}
 | 
| 573 | 1317  | 
\mbox{}\\[-14mm]\mbox{}
 | 
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1318  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1319  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1320  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1321  | 
                    every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1322  | 
inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}]  | 
| 515 | 1323  | 
\only<1>{\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | 
1324  | 
\only<2->{\node[state,accepting]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | 
|
1325  | 
\node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | 
|
1326  | 
\node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | 
|
1327  | 
\node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | 
|
1328  | 
\only<1>{\node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};}
 | 
|
1329  | 
\only<2->{\node[state, initial right] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};}
 | 
|
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1330  | 
\only<1-2>{
 | 
| 515 | 1331  | 
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | 
1332  | 
\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | 
|
1333  | 
\path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | 
|
1334  | 
\path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | 
|
1335  | 
\path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | 
|
1336  | 
\path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | 
|
1337  | 
\path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | 
|
1338  | 
\path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
|
1339  | 
\path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);}
 | 
|
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1340  | 
\only<3->{
 | 
| 515 | 1341  | 
\path[<-] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | 
1342  | 
\path[<-] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | 
|
1343  | 
\path[<-] (Q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | 
|
1344  | 
\path[<-] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | 
|
1345  | 
\path[<-] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | 
|
1346  | 
\path[<-] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | 
|
1347  | 
\path[<-] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | 
|
1348  | 
\path[<-] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
|
1349  | 
\path[<-] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);}
 | 
|
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1350  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1351  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1352  | 
\mbox{}\\[-18mm]
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1353  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1354  | 
\small  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1355  | 
\begin{itemize}
 | 
| 573 | 1356  | 
\item<1-> exchange initial / accepting states\\[-2mm]  | 
1357  | 
\item<2-> reverse all edges\\[-2mm]  | 
|
1358  | 
\item<3-> subset construction $\Rightarrow$ DFA\\[-2mm]  | 
|
1359  | 
\item<4-> remove dead states\\[-2mm]  | 
|
1360  | 
\item<5-> repeat once more  | 
|
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1361  | 
          \onslide<6->{$\Rightarrow$ minimal DFA}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1362  | 
\end{itemize}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1363  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1364  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1365  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1366  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1367  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1368  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1369  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1370  | 
\frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1371  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1372  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1373  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1374  | 
\node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1375  | 
\node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1376  | 
\node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1377  | 
\onslide<1->{\node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1378  | 
\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1379  | 
\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1380  | 
\onslide<1->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=9mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);}
 | 
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1381  | 
\onslide<2->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge [bend left=45] (rexp);}
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1382  | 
\end{tikzpicture}\\
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1383  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1384  | 
|
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1385  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1386  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1387  | 
|
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1388  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1389  | 
|
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1390  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1391  | 
\begin{frame}<2>[c]
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1392  | 
\frametitle{DFA to Rexp}
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1393  | 
|
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1394  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1395  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1396  | 
                             every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1397  | 
  \only<1>{\node[state, initial]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | 
1398  | 
  \only<2->{\node[state, initial,accepting]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | 
|
1399  | 
  \only<1>{\node[state]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
 | 
|
1400  | 
  \only<2->{\node[state,accepting]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
 | 
|
1401  | 
  \only<1>{\node[state, accepting] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
 | 
|
1402  | 
  \only<2->{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
 | 
|
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1403  | 
  \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1404  | 
                  (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1405  | 
                  (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1406  | 
                  (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1407  | 
                  (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1408  | 
                  (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ()
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1409  | 
;  | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1410  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1411  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1412  | 
|
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1413  | 
\onslide<3>{How to get from a DFA to a regular expression?}
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1414  | 
|
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1415  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1416  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1417  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1418  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1419  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1420  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1421  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1422  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1423  | 
                             every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 783 | 1424  | 
  \only<1->{\node[state, initial,accepting]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | 
1425  | 
  \only<1->{\node[state,accepting]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
 | 
|
| 515 | 1426  | 
  \only<1->{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
 | 
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1427  | 
  \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1428  | 
                  (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1429  | 
                  (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1430  | 
                  (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1431  | 
                  (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1432  | 
                  (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ()
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1433  | 
;  | 
| 
139
 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
138 
diff
changeset
 | 
1434  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1435  | 
\end{center}\pause\bigskip
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1436  | 
|
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1437  | 
\onslide<2->{
 | 
| 445 | 1438  | 
You know how to solve since school days, no?  | 
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1439  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1440  | 
\begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l}
 | 
| 515 | 1441  | 
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$2\, \mbox{Q}_0 + 3 \,\mbox{Q}_1 +  4\, \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
 | 
1442  | 
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$2 \,\mbox{Q}_0 + 3\, \mbox{Q}_1 + 1\, \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
 | 
|
1443  | 
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$1\, \mbox{Q}_0 + 5\, \mbox{Q}_1 + 2\, \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
 | 
|
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1444  | 
|
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1445  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1446  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1447  | 
}  | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1448  | 
|
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1449  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
135
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1450  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1451  | 
|
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1452  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1453  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
134 
diff
changeset
 | 
1454  | 
|
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1455  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1456  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1457  | 
                             every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1458  | 
  \only<1->{\node[state, initial]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | 
1459  | 
  \only<1->{\node[state]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
 | 
|
1460  | 
  \only<1->{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
 | 
|
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1461  | 
  \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1462  | 
                  (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1463  | 
                  (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1464  | 
                  (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1465  | 
                  (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1466  | 
                  (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ()
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1467  | 
;  | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1468  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1469  | 
\end{center}\bigskip
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1470  | 
|
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1471  | 
\onslide<2->{
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1472  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1473  | 
\begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l}
 | 
| 650 | 1474  | 
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,b + \mbox{Q}_1\,b +  \mbox{Q}_2\,b + \ONE$}\\
 | 
| 515 | 1475  | 
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,a$}\\
 | 
1476  | 
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_1\,a + \mbox{Q}_2\,a$}\\
 | 
|
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1477  | 
|
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1478  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1479  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1480  | 
}  | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1481  | 
|
| 783 | 1482  | 
|
1483  | 
\only<3-9>{\small
 | 
|
1484  | 
\begin{textblock}{6}(1,0.8)
 | 
|
1485  | 
\begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | 
|
1486  | 
\begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | 
|
1487  | 
\multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{substitute \bl{$\mbox{Q}_1$} into \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} \& \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$}:}\\    
 | 
|
1488  | 
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,b + \mbox{Q}_0\,a\,b +  \mbox{Q}_2\,b + \ONE$}\\
 | 
|
1489  | 
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,a\,a + \mbox{Q}_2\,a$}
 | 
|
1490  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
|
1491  | 
\end{bubble}
 | 
|
1492  | 
\end{textblock}}
 | 
|
1493  | 
||
1494  | 
\only<4-9>{\small
 | 
|
1495  | 
\begin{textblock}{6}(2,4.15)
 | 
|
1496  | 
\begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | 
|
1497  | 
\begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | 
|
1498  | 
\multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{simplifying \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$}:}\\    
 | 
|
1499  | 
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,(b + a\,b) + \mbox{Q}_2\,b + \ONE$}\\
 | 
|
1500  | 
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,a\,a + \mbox{Q}_2\,a$}
 | 
|
1501  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
|
1502  | 
\end{bubble}
 | 
|
1503  | 
\end{textblock}}
 | 
|
1504  | 
||
1505  | 
\only<6-9>{\small
 | 
|
1506  | 
\begin{textblock}{6}(3,7.55)
 | 
|
1507  | 
\begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | 
|
1508  | 
\begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | 
|
1509  | 
  \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{Arden for \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$}:}\\    
 | 
|
1510  | 
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,(b + a\,b) + \mbox{Q}_2\,b + \ONE$}\\
 | 
|
1511  | 
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,a\,a\,(a^*)$}
 | 
|
1512  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
|
1513  | 
\end{bubble}
 | 
|
1514  | 
\end{textblock}}
 | 
|
1515  | 
||
1516  | 
\only<7-9>{\small
 | 
|
1517  | 
\begin{textblock}{6}(4,10.9)
 | 
|
1518  | 
\begin{bubble}[7.5cm]
 | 
|
1519  | 
\begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | 
|
1520  | 
  \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{Substitute \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} and simplify:}\\    
 | 
|
1521  | 
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b) + \ONE$}\\
 | 
|
1522  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
|
1523  | 
\end{bubble}
 | 
|
1524  | 
\end{textblock}}
 | 
|
1525  | 
||
1526  | 
\only<8-9>{\small
 | 
|
1527  | 
\begin{textblock}{6}(5,13.4)
 | 
|
1528  | 
\begin{bubble}[7.5cm]
 | 
|
1529  | 
\begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | 
|
1530  | 
  \multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{Arden again for \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$}:}\\    
 | 
|
1531  | 
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b)^*$}\\
 | 
|
1532  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
|
1533  | 
\end{bubble}
 | 
|
1534  | 
\end{textblock}}
 | 
|
1535  | 
||
1536  | 
||
1537  | 
\only<9-10>{\small
 | 
|
1538  | 
\begin{textblock}{6}(6,11.5)
 | 
|
1539  | 
\begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | 
|
1540  | 
\begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{1mm}}c@ {\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | 
|
1541  | 
\multicolumn{3}{@{}l}{Finally:}\\    
 | 
|
1542  | 
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b)^*$}\\
 | 
|
1543  | 
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b)^*\,a$}\\
 | 
|
1544  | 
\bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(b + a\,b + a\,a\,(a^*)\,b)^*\,a\,a\,(a^*)$}\\
 | 
|
1545  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
|
1546  | 
\end{bubble}
 | 
|
1547  | 
\end{textblock}}
 | 
|
1548  | 
||
1549  | 
||
1550  | 
||
1551  | 
||
1552  | 
||
1553  | 
\only<5-6>{
 | 
|
1554  | 
\begin{textblock}{6}(0.7,11.9)
 | 
|
1555  | 
\begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | 
|
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1556  | 
Arden's Lemma:  | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1557  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1558  | 
If \bl{$q = q\,r + s$}\; then\; \bl{$q = s\, r^*$}
 | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1559  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 783 | 1560  | 
\end{bubble}
 | 
1561  | 
\end{textblock}}
 | 
|
1562  | 
||
1563  | 
\only<8>{
 | 
|
1564  | 
\begin{textblock}{6}(1.1,7.8)
 | 
|
1565  | 
\begin{bubble}[6.7cm]
 | 
|
1566  | 
Arden's Lemma:  | 
|
1567  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
1568  | 
If \bl{$q = q\,r + s$}\; then\; \bl{$q = s\, r^*$}
 | 
|
1569  | 
\end{center}
 | 
|
1570  | 
\end{bubble}
 | 
|
1571  | 
\end{textblock}}
 | 
|
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1572  | 
|
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1573  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1574  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1575  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1576  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1577  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1578  | 
\frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1579  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1580  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1581  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1582  | 
\node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1583  | 
\node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1584  | 
\node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1585  | 
\onslide<1->{\node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1586  | 
\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1587  | 
\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1588  | 
\onslide<1->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=9mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1589  | 
\onslide<1->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge [bend left=45] (rexp);}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1590  | 
\end{tikzpicture}\\
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1591  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1592  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1593  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1594  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1595  | 
|
| 940 | 1596  | 
{
 | 
1597  | 
\setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
 | 
|
1598  | 
\begin{frame}<1-10>[c]
 | 
|
1599  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
1600  | 
}  | 
|
1601  | 
||
1602  | 
||
| 
346
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1603  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1604  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1605  | 
\frametitle{Regular Languages (3)}
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1606  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1607  | 
A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a regular
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1608  | 
expression that recognises all its strings.\bigskip\medskip  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1609  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1610  | 
or {\bf equivalently}\bigskip\medskip
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1611  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1612  | 
A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a
 | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1613  | 
deterministic finite automaton that recognises all its  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1614  | 
strings.\bigskip\medskip\pause  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1615  | 
|
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1616  | 
Why is every finite set of strings a regular language?  | 
| 
 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
265 
diff
changeset
 | 
1617  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
265
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1618  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1619  | 
|
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1620  | 
|
| 
 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1621  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 783 | 1622  | 
%\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
1623  | 
%  | 
|
1624  | 
%Given the function  | 
|
1625  | 
%  | 
|
1626  | 
%\begin{center}
 | 
|
1627  | 
%\bl{\begin{tabular}{r@{\hspace{1mm}}c@{\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | 
|
1628  | 
%$rev(\ZERO)$ & $\dn$ & $\ZERO$\\  | 
|
1629  | 
%$rev(\ONE)$ & $\dn$ & $\ONE$\\  | 
|
1630  | 
%$rev(c)$ & $\dn$ & $c$\\  | 
|
1631  | 
%$rev(r_1 + r_2)$ & $\dn$ & $rev(r_1) + rev(r_2)$\\  | 
|
1632  | 
%$rev(r_1 \cdot r_2)$ & $\dn$ & $rev(r_2) \cdot rev(r_1)$\\  | 
|
1633  | 
%$rev(r^*)$ & $\dn$ & $rev(r)^*$\\  | 
|
1634  | 
%\end{tabular}}
 | 
|
1635  | 
%\end{center}
 | 
|
1636  | 
%  | 
|
1637  | 
%  | 
|
1638  | 
%and the set  | 
|
1639  | 
%  | 
|
1640  | 
%\begin{center}
 | 
|
1641  | 
%\bl{$Rev\,A \dn \{s^{-1} \;|\; s \in A\}$}
 | 
|
1642  | 
%\end{center}
 | 
|
1643  | 
%  | 
|
1644  | 
%prove whether  | 
|
1645  | 
%  | 
|
1646  | 
%\begin{center}
 | 
|
1647  | 
%\bl{$L(rev(r)) = Rev (L(r))$}
 | 
|
1648  | 
%\end{center}
 | 
|
1649  | 
%  | 
|
1650  | 
%\end{frame}
 | 
|
| 
133
 
09efdf5cf07c
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
93 
diff
changeset
 | 
1651  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 25 | 1652  | 
|
1653  | 
||
| 743 | 1654  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
1655  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
1656  | 
\frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
 | 
|
1657  | 
||
1658  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
1659  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
1660  | 
\node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
 | 
|
1661  | 
\node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
 | 
|
1662  | 
\node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
 | 
|
1663  | 
\node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};
 | 
|
1664  | 
\path[->,red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black]  | 
|
1665  | 
     {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
 | 
|
1666  | 
\path[->,red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black]  | 
|
1667  | 
     {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
 | 
|
1668  | 
\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=5mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);
 | 
|
1669  | 
%%\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge [bend left=45] (rexp);  | 
|
1670  | 
\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge [bend left=45] node [below, black] {\begin{tabular}{l}Brzozowski's\\ method\end{tabular}} (rexp);
 | 
|
1671  | 
||
1672  | 
\end{tikzpicture}\\
 | 
|
1673  | 
\end{center}
 | 
|
1674  | 
||
1675  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
1676  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
1677  | 
||
1678  | 
||
1679  | 
||
1680  | 
||
1681  | 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
1682  | 
% \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
1683  | 
% \frametitle{DFA to Rexp}
 | 
|
1684  | 
||
1685  | 
% \begin{center}
 | 
|
1686  | 
% \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
|
1687  | 
%                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
|
1688  | 
% draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]  | 
|
1689  | 
%   \node[state, initial]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$q_0$};
 | 
|
1690  | 
%   \node[state]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$q_1$};
 | 
|
1691  | 
%   \node[state, accepting] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$q_2$};
 | 
|
1692  | 
%   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | 
|
1693  | 
%             (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
|
1694  | 
%             (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
|
1695  | 
%             (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | 
|
1696  | 
%             (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | 
|
1697  | 
%             (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
|
1698  | 
% \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
1699  | 
% \end{center}\bigskip
 | 
|
1700  | 
||
1701  | 
% \begin{center}
 | 
|
1702  | 
% \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@{\hspace{7mm}}l}
 | 
|
1703  | 
% \bl{$q_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\ONE + q_0\,b + q_1\,b +  q_2\,b$} & (start state)\\
 | 
|
1704  | 
% \bl{$q_1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$q_0\,a$}\\
 | 
|
1705  | 
% \bl{$q_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$q_1\,a + q_2\,a$}\\
 | 
|
1706  | 
||
1707  | 
% \end{tabular}
 | 
|
1708  | 
% \end{center}
 | 
|
1709  | 
||
1710  | 
% Arden's Lemma:  | 
|
1711  | 
% \begin{center}
 | 
|
1712  | 
% If \bl{$q = q\,r + s$}\; then\; \bl{$q = s\, r^*$}
 | 
|
1713  | 
% \end{center}
 | 
|
1714  | 
||
1715  | 
||
1716  | 
% \end{frame}
 | 
|
1717  | 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
1718  | 
||
1719  | 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
1720  | 
% \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
1721  | 
% \frametitle{DFA Minimisation}
 | 
|
1722  | 
||
1723  | 
% \begin{enumerate}
 | 
|
1724  | 
% \item Take all pairs \bl{$(q, p)$} with \bl{$q \not= p$}
 | 
|
1725  | 
% \item Mark all pairs that accepting and non-accepting states  | 
|
1726  | 
% \item For  all unmarked pairs \bl{$(q, p)$} and all characters \bl{$c$} test whether
 | 
|
1727  | 
% \begin{center}
 | 
|
1728  | 
% \bl{$(\delta(q, c), \delta(p,c))$}
 | 
|
1729  | 
% \end{center} 
 | 
|
1730  | 
% are marked. If yes, then also mark \bl{$(q, p)$}.
 | 
|
1731  | 
% \item Repeat last step until no change.  | 
|
1732  | 
% \item All unmarked pairs can be merged.  | 
|
1733  | 
% \end{enumerate}
 | 
|
1734  | 
||
1735  | 
% \end{frame}
 | 
|
1736  | 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
1737  | 
||
1738  | 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
1739  | 
% \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
1740  | 
||
1741  | 
% \begin{center}
 | 
|
1742  | 
% \begin{tabular}{@{\hspace{-8mm}}cc@{}}
 | 
|
1743  | 
% \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
|
1744  | 
%                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
|
1745  | 
% \node[state,initial]  (q_0)  {$q_0$};
 | 
|
1746  | 
% \node[state] (q_1) [right=of q_0] {$q_1$};
 | 
|
1747  | 
% \node[state] (q_2) [below right=of q_0] {$q_2$};
 | 
|
1748  | 
% \node[state] (q_3) [right=of q_2] {$q_3$};
 | 
|
1749  | 
% \node[state, accepting] (q_4) [right=of q_1] {$q_4$};
 | 
|
1750  | 
% \path[->] (q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_1);
 | 
|
1751  | 
% \path[->] (q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_4);
 | 
|
1752  | 
% \path[->] (q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | 
|
1753  | 
% \path[->] (q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_4);
 | 
|
1754  | 
% \path[->] (q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_3);
 | 
|
1755  | 
% \path[->] (q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (q_2);
 | 
|
1756  | 
% \path[->] (q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q_2);
 | 
|
1757  | 
% \path[->] (q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
|
1758  | 
% \path[->] (q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (q_0);
 | 
|
1759  | 
% \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
1760  | 
% &  | 
|
1761  | 
% \raisebox{9mm}{\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.6,line width=0.8mm]
 | 
|
1762  | 
% \draw (0,0) -- (4,0);  | 
|
1763  | 
% \draw (0,1) -- (4,1);  | 
|
1764  | 
% \draw (0,2) -- (3,2);  | 
|
1765  | 
% \draw (0,3) -- (2,3);  | 
|
1766  | 
% \draw (0,4) -- (1,4);  | 
|
1767  | 
||
1768  | 
% \draw (0,0) -- (0, 4);  | 
|
1769  | 
% \draw (1,0) -- (1, 4);  | 
|
1770  | 
% \draw (2,0) -- (2, 3);  | 
|
1771  | 
% \draw (3,0) -- (3, 2);  | 
|
1772  | 
% \draw (4,0) -- (4, 1);  | 
|
1773  | 
||
1774  | 
% \draw (0.5,-0.5) node {$q_0$}; 
 | 
|
1775  | 
% \draw (1.5,-0.5) node {$q_1$}; 
 | 
|
1776  | 
% \draw (2.5,-0.5) node {$q_2$}; 
 | 
|
1777  | 
% \draw (3.5,-0.5) node {$q_3$};
 | 
|
1778  | 
||
1779  | 
% \draw (-0.5, 3.5) node {$q_1$}; 
 | 
|
1780  | 
% \draw (-0.5, 2.5) node {$q_2$}; 
 | 
|
1781  | 
% \draw (-0.5, 1.5) node {$q_3$}; 
 | 
|
1782  | 
% \draw (-0.5, 0.5) node {$q_4$}; 
 | 
|
1783  | 
||
1784  | 
% \draw (0.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
|
1785  | 
% \draw (1.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
|
1786  | 
% \draw (2.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
|
1787  | 
% \draw (3.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$};
 | 
|
1788  | 
% \draw (0.5,1.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
|
1789  | 
% \draw (2.5,1.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
|
1790  | 
% \draw (0.5,3.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
|
1791  | 
% \draw (1.5,2.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
|
1792  | 
% \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
|
1793  | 
% \end{tabular}
 | 
|
1794  | 
% \end{center}
 | 
|
1795  | 
||
1796  | 
||
1797  | 
% \mbox{}\\[-20mm]\mbox{}
 | 
|
1798  | 
||
1799  | 
% \begin{center}
 | 
|
1800  | 
% \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
|
1801  | 
%                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
|
1802  | 
% \node[state,initial]  (q_02)  {$q_{0, 2}$};
 | 
|
1803  | 
% \node[state] (q_13) [right=of q_02] {$q_{1, 3}$};
 | 
|
1804  | 
% \node[state, accepting] (q_4) [right=of q_13] {$q_{4\phantom{,0}}$};
 | 
|
1805  | 
% \path[->] (q_02) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_13);
 | 
|
1806  | 
% \path[->] (q_13) edge [bend left] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (q_02);
 | 
|
1807  | 
% \path[->] (q_02) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
|
1808  | 
% \path[->] (q_13) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q_4);
 | 
|
1809  | 
% \path[->] (q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | 
|
1810  | 
% \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | 
|
1811  | 
% minimal automaton  | 
|
1812  | 
% \end{center}
 | 
|
1813  | 
||
1814  | 
% \end{frame}
 | 
|
| 966 | 1815  | 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
1816  | 
||
1817  | 
||
| 743 | 1818  | 
|
1819  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
1820  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
1821  | 
\frametitle{Regular Languages}
 | 
|
1822  | 
||
1823  | 
Two equivalent definitions:\bigskip  | 
|
1824  | 
||
1825  | 
\begin{quote}\rm A language is \alert{regular} iff there exists a
 | 
|
1826  | 
regular expression that recognises all its strings.  | 
|
1827  | 
\end{quote}
 | 
|
1828  | 
||
1829  | 
\begin{quote}\rm A language is \alert{regular} iff there exists an
 | 
|
1830  | 
automaton that recognises all its strings.  | 
|
1831  | 
\end{quote}\bigskip\bigskip
 | 
|
1832  | 
||
1833  | 
||
1834  | 
\small  | 
|
1835  | 
for example \bl{$a^nb^n$} is not regular
 | 
|
1836  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
1837  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
1838  | 
||
1839  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
1840  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
1841  | 
\frametitle{Negation}
 | 
|
1842  | 
||
1843  | 
Regular languages are closed under negation:\bigskip  | 
|
1844  | 
||
1845  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
1846  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
|
1847  | 
                    every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
|
1848  | 
draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}]  | 
|
1849  | 
  \only<1>{\node[state,initial] (q0) at ( 0,1) {$q_0$};}
 | 
|
1850  | 
  \only<2>{\node[state,initial,accepting] (q0) at ( 0,1) {$q_0$};}
 | 
|
1851  | 
  \only<1>{\node[state] (q1) at ( 1,1) {$q_1$};}
 | 
|
1852  | 
  \only<2>{\node[state,accepting] (q1) at ( 1,1) {$q_1$};}
 | 
|
1853  | 
  \only<1>{\node[state, accepting] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$q_2$};}
 | 
|
1854  | 
  \only<2>{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$q_2$};}
 | 
|
1855  | 
  \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | 
|
1856  | 
            (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
|
1857  | 
            (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
|
1858  | 
            (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | 
|
1859  | 
            (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | 
|
1860  | 
            (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
|
1861  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
1862  | 
\end{center}\bigskip\bigskip
 | 
|
1863  | 
||
1864  | 
But requires that the automaton is \alert{completed}!
 | 
|
1865  | 
||
1866  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
1867  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
1868  | 
||
| 891 | 1869  | 
{
 | 
1870  | 
\setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
 | 
|
1871  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
1872  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
1873  | 
  \frametitle{\boldmath{}$(a^*)^* \cdot b$}
 | 
|
1874  | 
||
1875  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
1876  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
1877  | 
  \begin{axis}[
 | 
|
1878  | 
    xlabel={\pcode{a}s},
 | 
|
1879  | 
    %%x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
 | 
|
1880  | 
    ylabel={time in secs},
 | 
|
1881  | 
enlargelimits=false,  | 
|
1882  | 
    xtick={0,15,...,30},
 | 
|
1883  | 
xmax=33,  | 
|
1884  | 
ymax=35,  | 
|
1885  | 
    ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | 
|
1886  | 
scaled ticks=false,  | 
|
1887  | 
axis lines=left,  | 
|
1888  | 
width=9cm,  | 
|
1889  | 
height=6cm,  | 
|
1890  | 
    legend entries={Java 8,Python,JavaScript,Swift,Dart},  
 | 
|
1891  | 
legend pos=outer north east,  | 
|
1892  | 
legend cell align=left]  | 
|
1893  | 
\addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
 | 
|
1894  | 
\addplot[cyan,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-java.data};
 | 
|
1895  | 
\addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-js.data};
 | 
|
1896  | 
\addplot[magenta,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-swift.data};
 | 
|
1897  | 
\addplot[brown,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-dart.data};
 | 
|
1898  | 
||
1899  | 
%\addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=red}] table {nfadepth2.data};	
 | 
|
1900  | 
\end{axis}
 | 
|
1901  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
1902  | 
\end{center}
 | 
|
1903  | 
||
1904  | 
\end{frame}}
 | 
|
1905  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
1906  | 
||
| 966 | 1907  | 
|
1908  | 
||
| 891 | 1909  | 
\begin{frame}<1-3>[c]
 | 
1910  | 
\end{frame}  
 | 
|
1911  | 
||
| 889 | 1912  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
1913  | 
{
 | 
|
1914  | 
\setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=cream}
 | 
|
1915  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
1916  | 
||
1917  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
1918  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.5,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
|
1919  | 
                    every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
|
1920  | 
draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}]  | 
|
1921  | 
  \node[state,initial]   (q0) at (0,2) {$q_0$};
 | 
|
1922  | 
  \node[state,accepting] (q1) at (2,2) {$q_1$};
 | 
|
1923  | 
  \node[state]           (q2) at (0,0) {$q_2$};
 | 
|
1924  | 
  \node[state]           (q3) at (2,0) {$q_3$};
 | 
|
1925  | 
||
1926  | 
  \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | 
|
1927  | 
            (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q0)
 | 
|
1928  | 
            (q2) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q3)
 | 
|
1929  | 
            (q3) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | 
|
1930  | 
            (q0) edge[bend left] node[right] {\alert{$b$}} (q2)
 | 
|
1931  | 
            (q2) edge[bend left] node[left]  {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
|
1932  | 
            (q1) edge[bend left] node[right] {\alert{$b$}} (q3)
 | 
|
1933  | 
            (q3) edge[bend left] node[left]  {\alert{$b$}} (q1);
 | 
|
1934  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
1935  | 
\end{center}
 | 
|
1936  | 
||
1937  | 
\hfill{}Which language?
 | 
|
1938  | 
||
1939  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
1940  | 
}  | 
|
1941  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
1942  | 
||
1943  | 
||
| 966 | 1944  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
1945  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
1946  | 
\frametitle{\mbox{CW1: Regexes and \boldmath$L$-function}}
 | 
|
1947  | 
||
1948  | 
Given  | 
|
1949  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
1950  | 
\begin{tabular}{@ {}l@ {\hspace{20mm}}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}l}
 | 
|
1951  | 
\bl{$r^+$}        & \bl{$L(r^+)$}         & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\bigcup_{1\le i}.\;L(r)^i$}\\
 | 
|
1952  | 
\bl{$r^?$}        & \bl{$L(r^?)$}         & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$L(r) \cup \{[]\}$}\\  
 | 
|
1953  | 
\bl{$r_1 \,\&\, r_2$} &  \bl{$L(r_1 \& r_2)$} &  \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$L(r_1) \cap L(r_2)$} \\
 | 
|
1954  | 
\bl{$r^{\{n\}}$}   & \bl{$L(r^{\{n\}})$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$L(r)^n$}\\
 | 
|
1955  | 
\bl{$r^{\{..m\}}$}   & \bl{$L(r^{\{..m\}})$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\bigcup_{0\le i \le m}.\;L(r)^i$}\\
 | 
|
1956  | 
\bl{$r^{\{n..\}}$}   & \bl{$L(r^{\{n..\}})$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\bigcup_{n\le i}.\;L(r)^i$}\\
 | 
|
1957  | 
\bl{$r^{\{n..m\}}$}   & \bl{$L(r^{\{n..m\}})$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\bigcup_{n\le i \le m}.\;L(r)^i$}\\      
 | 
|
1958  | 
\bl{$\sim{}r$}   & \bl{$L(\sim{}r)$}   & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$\Sigma^* - L(r)$}\\      
 | 
|
1959  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
|
1960  | 
\end{center}
 | 
|
1961  | 
||
1962  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
1963  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
1964  | 
||
1965  | 
||
1966  | 
||
1967  | 
||
1968  | 
||
1969  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
1970  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
1971  | 
\frametitle{Nullable}
 | 
|
1972  | 
||
1973  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
1974  | 
\begin{tabular}{@ {}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@ {}}
 | 
|
1975  | 
\bl{$nullable(r^+)$}    & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$nullable(r)$}\\
 | 
|
1976  | 
\bl{$nullable(r^?)$}       & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{true}}\\
 | 
|
1977  | 
\bl{$nullable(r_1 \,\&\, r_2)$}  & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$nullable(r_1) \wedge nullable(r_2)$}\\
 | 
|
1978  | 
\bl{$nullable(r^{\{n\}})$}     & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} \textit{true} \textit{else} $nullable(r)$} \\ 
 | 
|
1979  | 
\bl{$nullable(r^{\{..m\}})$} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{true}} \\
 | 
|
1980  | 
\bl{$nullable (r^{\{n..\}})$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} \textit{true} \textit{else} $nullable(r)$}\\
 | 
|
1981  | 
\bl{$nullable (r^{\{n..m\}})$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} \textit{true} \textit{else} $nullable(r)$}\\  
 | 
|
1982  | 
\bl{$nullable (\sim{}r)$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$!\,nullable(r)$}\\
 | 
|
1983  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
|
1984  | 
\end{center}
 | 
|
1985  | 
||
1986  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
1987  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
1988  | 
||
1989  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
1990  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
1991  | 
\frametitle{Derivative}
 | 
|
1992  | 
||
1993  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
1994  | 
\begin{tabular}{@ {}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@ {}}
 | 
|
1995  | 
\bl{$der\,c\,(r^+)$}    & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^*$}\\
 | 
|
1996  | 
\bl{$der\,c\,(r^?)$}       & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$der\,c\,r$}\\
 | 
|
1997  | 
\bl{$der\,c\,(r_1 \,\&\, r_2)$}  & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$(der\,c\,r_1) \;\&\; (der\,c\,r_2)$}\\
 | 
|
1998  | 
\bl{$der\,c\,(r^{\{n\}})$}     & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} $\ZERO$ \textit{else} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{n - 1\}}$} \\ 
 | 
|
1999  | 
\bl{$der\,c\,(r^{\{..m\}})$} & \bl{$\dn$} &  \bl{\textit{if} $m = 0$ \textit{then} $\ZERO$ \textit{else} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{..m - 1\}}$}\\
 | 
|
2000  | 
\bl{$der\,c\,(r^{\{n..\}})$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0$ \textit{then} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^*$ \textit{else} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{n - 1..\}}$}\\
 | 
|
2001  | 
  \bl{$der\,c\,(r^{\{n..m\}})$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{\textit{if} $n = 0 \wedge m = 0$ \textit{then} $\ZERO$ \textit{else}}\\
 | 
|
2002  | 
                        &            & \bl{\textit{if} $ n = 0$ \textit{then} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{..m-1\}}$
 | 
|
2003  | 
                                       \textit{else} $(der\,c\,r)\cdot r^{\{n-1..m-1\}}$}\\  
 | 
|
2004  | 
\bl{$der\,c\,(\sim{}r)$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\sim\,(der\,c\,r)$}\\
 | 
|
2005  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
|
2006  | 
\end{center}
 | 
|
2007  | 
||
2008  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
2009  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
2010  | 
||
2011  | 
||
| 781 | 2012  | 
|
| 847 | 2013  | 
\begin{frame}<1-15>[c]
 | 
2014  | 
||
| 781 | 2015  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
2016  | 
||
| 966 | 2017  | 
% \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
2018  | 
% \begin{mybox3}{}
 | 
|
2019  | 
% I always thought dfa's needed a transition for each state for each  | 
|
2020  | 
% character, and if not it would be an nfa not a dfa. Is there an  | 
|
2021  | 
% example that disproves this?  | 
|
2022  | 
% \end{mybox3}
 | 
|
2023  | 
% \end{frame}
 | 
|
| 781 | 2024  | 
|
| 966 | 2025  | 
% \begin{frame}<1-12>[c]
 | 
2026  | 
% \end{frame}
 | 
|
| 781 | 2027  | 
|
| 966 | 2028  | 
% \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
2029  | 
% \begin{mybox3}{}
 | 
|
2030  | 
% Do the regular expression matchers in Python and Java 8 have more  | 
|
2031  | 
% features than the one implemented in this module? Or is there  | 
|
2032  | 
% another reason for their inefficiency?  | 
|
2033  | 
% \end{mybox3}
 | 
|
2034  | 
% \end{frame}
 | 
|
| 782 | 2035  | 
|
| 891 | 2036  | 
|
| 966 | 2037  | 
% \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
2038  | 
%   \begin{itemize}
 | 
|
2039  | 
% \item CW / censored some msgs  | 
|
2040  | 
% \item power law / proof  | 
|
2041  | 
% \item CW feedback  | 
|
2042  | 
% \item too polished CW submissions  | 
|
2043  | 
% \item no open book  | 
|
2044  | 
%   \end{itemize}  
 | 
|
2045  | 
% \end{frame}
 | 
|
| 891 | 2046  | 
|
2047  | 
||
| 25 | 2048  | 
\end{document}
 | 
2049  | 
||
2050  | 
%%% Local Variables:  | 
|
2051  | 
%%% mode: latex  | 
|
2052  | 
%%% TeX-master: t  | 
|
2053  | 
%%% End:  | 
|
2054  |