diff -r 90bc8cccc218 -r a959398693b5 Paper.thy --- a/Paper.thy Sun Jan 06 23:50:24 2013 +0000 +++ b/Paper.thy Tue Jan 08 01:21:02 2013 +0000 @@ -60,33 +60,33 @@ theorem provers, like Isabelle/HOL, are at their best when the data-structures at hand are ``structurally'' defined, like lists, natural numbers, regular expressions, etc. Such data-structures come -convenient reasoning infrastructures (for +with convenient reasoning infrastructures (for example induction principles, recursion combinators and so on). But this is \emph{not} the case with Turing machines (and also not with register machines): underlying their definition is a set of states together with a transition function, both of which are not structurally defined. This means we have to implement our own reasoning infrastructure in order to prove properties about them. This -leads to annoyingly lengthy and fiddly formalisations. We noticed -first the difference between both structural and non-structural +leads to annoyingly fiddly formalisations. We noticed +first the difference between both, structural and non-structural, ``worlds'' when formalising the Myhill-Nerode theorem, where regular expressions fared much better than automata \cite{WuZhangUrban11}. However, with Turing machines there seems to be no alternative if one wants to formalise the great many proofs from the literature that use them. We will analyse one example---undecidability of Wang tilings---in -detail in Section~\ref{Wang}. The standard proof of this property uses +Section~\ref{Wang}. The standard proof of this property uses the notion of \emph{universal Turing machines}. We are not the first who formalised Turing machines in a theorem prover: we are aware of the preliminary work by Asperti and Ricciotti \cite{AspertiRicciotti12}. They describe a complete formalisation of Turing -machines in the Matita theorem prover, including an universal Turing +machines in the Matita theorem prover, including a universal Turing machine. They report that the informal proofs from which they started are not ``sufficiently accurate to be directly used as a guideline for formalization'' \cite[Page 2]{AspertiRicciotti12}. For our formalisation we followed the proofs from the textbook \cite{Boolos87} and found that the description -is quite detailed. Some details are left out however: for +there is quite detailed. Some details are left out however: for example, it is only shown how the universal Turing machine is constructed for Turing machines computing unary functions. We had to figure out a way to generalize this result to @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ The main difference between our formalisation and the one by Asperti and Ricciotti is that their universal Turing machine uses a different alphabet than the machines it simulates. They -write \cite[Page XXX]{AspertiRicciotti12}: +write \cite[Page 23]{AspertiRicciotti12}: \begin{quote}\it ``In particular, the fact that the universal machine operates with a @@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ where Turing machines (and our universal Turing machine) operates on tapes that contain only blank or filled cells (respectively represented by 0 and 1---or in our -formalisation by @{term Bk} or @{term Oc}). +formalisation by @{term Bk} and @{term Oc}).