--- a/progs/read.c	Tue Dec 30 01:22:25 2014 +0000
+++ b/progs/read.c	Tue Dec 30 21:59:47 2014 +0000
@@ -1,50 +1,47 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 
+FILE *f; //file pointer
+
+//tests return errno = 13 for permission denied
+void read_test(char *name) 
+{
+    if ((f = fopen(name, "r")) == NULL) {
+      printf("%s is not readable, errno = %d\n", name, errno);
+    } else {
+      printf("%s is readable\n", name); fclose(f);
+    }
+}
+
+void write_test(char *name) 
+{
+    if ((f = fopen(name, "r+")) == NULL) {
+      printf("%s is not writable, errno = %d\n", name, errno);
+    } else {
+      printf("%s is writable\n", name); fclose(f);
+    }
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {   
-    FILE *f; //file pointer
-
     printf("Real UID = %d\n", getuid());
     printf("Effective UID = %d\n", geteuid());
     
-    //read test (error 13 is permission denied)
-    if ((f = fopen(argv[1], "r")) == NULL) {
-      fprintf(stderr, "%s is not readable, errno = %d\n", argv[1], errno);
-    } else {
-      fprintf(stderr, "%s is readable\n", argv[1]); fclose(f);
-    }
-
-    //write test
-    if ((f = fopen(argv[1], "r+")) == NULL) {
-      fprintf(stderr, "%s is not writable, errno = %d\n", argv[1], errno);
-    } else {
-      fprintf(stderr, "%s is writable\n", argv[1]); fclose(f);
-    }
+    read_test(argv[1]);
+    write_test(argv[1]);
 
     //lowering the access rights to the caller
     if (setuid(getuid())) {  
-      fprintf(stderr, "could not reset setuid, errno = %d\n", errno); return 1;
+      printf("could not reset setuid, errno = %d\n", errno); 
+      return 1;
     }
         
     printf("Real UID = %d\n", getuid());
     printf("Effective UID = %d\n", geteuid());      
 
-    //read test
-    if ((f = fopen(argv[1], "r")) == NULL) {
-      fprintf(stderr, "%s is not readable, errno = %d\n", argv[1], errno);
-    } else {
-      fprintf(stderr, "%s is readable\n", argv[1]); fclose(f);
-    }
-
-    //write test
-    if ((f = fopen(argv[1], "w")) == NULL) {
-      fprintf(stderr, "%s is not writable, errno = %d\n", argv[1], errno);
-    } else {
-      fprintf(stderr, "%s is writable\n", argv[1]); fclose(f);
-    }
+    read_test(argv[1]);
+    write_test(argv[1]);
 
     return 0;
 }