147 (especially not the group around Ross |
147 (especially not the group around Ross |
148 Anderson).\footnote{Actually, historical data about fraud |
148 Anderson).\footnote{Actually, historical data about fraud |
149 showed that first fraud rates went up (while early problems to |
149 showed that first fraud rates went up (while early problems to |
150 do with the introduction of Chip-and-PIN we exploited), then |
150 do with the introduction of Chip-and-PIN we exploited), then |
151 down, but recently up again (because criminals getting more |
151 down, but recently up again (because criminals getting more |
152 familiar with the technology and how it can be exloited).} To begin with, the |
152 familiar with the technology and how it can be exploited).} To begin with, the |
153 Chip-and-PIN system introduced a ``new player'' into the |
153 Chip-and-PIN system introduced a ``new player'' into the |
154 system that needed to be trusted: the PIN terminals and their |
154 system that needed to be trusted: the PIN terminals and their |
155 manufacturers. It was claimed that these terminals were |
155 manufacturers. It was claimed that these terminals were |
156 tamper-resistant, but needless to say this was a weak link in |
156 tamper-resistant, but needless to say this was a weak link in |
157 the system, which criminals successfully attacked. Some |
157 the system, which criminals successfully attacked. Some |