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5 \begin{document} |
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6 \fnote{\copyright{} Christian Urban, 2014} |
6 \fnote{\copyright{} Christian Urban, 2014, 2015} |
7 |
7 |
8 \section*{Handout 7 (Privacy)} |
8 \section*{Handout 7 (Privacy)} |
9 |
9 |
10 The first motor car was invented around 1886. For ten years, |
10 The first motor car was invented around 1886. For ten years, |
11 until 1896, the law in the UK (and elsewhere) required a |
11 until 1896, the law in the UK (and elsewhere) required a |
34 applications has actually very honourable goals (e.g.~assist |
34 applications has actually very honourable goals (e.g.~assist |
35 applicants in gaining access to universities), but the small |
35 applicants in gaining access to universities), but the small |
36 print (or better the link ``About us'') reveals they set up |
36 print (or better the link ``About us'') reveals they set up |
37 their organisation so that they can also shamelessly sell the |
37 their organisation so that they can also shamelessly sell the |
38 email addresses they ``harvest''. Everything is of course very |
38 email addresses they ``harvest''. Everything is of course very |
39 legal\ldots{}moral?\ldots{}well that is in the eye of the |
39 legal\ldots{}ethical?\ldots{}well that is in the eye of the |
40 beholder. See: |
40 beholder. See: |
41 |
41 |
42 \url{http://www.ucas.com/about-us/inside-ucas/advertising-opportunities} |
42 \url{http://www.ucas.com/about-us/inside-ucas/advertising-opportunities} |
43 or |
43 or |
44 \url{http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/mar/12/ucas-sells-marketing-access-student-data-advertisers}} |
44 \url{http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/mar/12/ucas-sells-marketing-access-student-data-advertisers}} |
117 profile about all my academic papers and their citations. |
117 profile about all my academic papers and their citations. |
118 |
118 |
119 On the other hand I would be very irritated if anybody I do |
119 On the other hand I would be very irritated if anybody I do |
120 not know had a too close look on my private live---it |
120 not know had a too close look on my private live---it |
121 shouldn't be anybody's business. The reason is that knowledge |
121 shouldn't be anybody's business. The reason is that knowledge |
122 about my private life usually is used against me. As mentioned |
122 about my private life can often be used against me. As mentioned |
123 above, public location data might mean I get robbed. If |
123 above, public location data might mean I get robbed. If |
124 supermarkets build a profile of my shopping habits, they will |
124 supermarkets build a profile of my shopping habits, they will |
125 use it to \emph{their} advantage---surely not to \emph{my} |
125 use it to \emph{their} advantage---surely not to \emph{my} |
126 advantage. Also whatever might be collected about my life will |
126 advantage. Also whatever might be collected about my life will |
127 always be an incomplete, or even misleading, picture. For |
127 always be an incomplete, or even misleading, picture. For |
130 this country (before coming to King's I worked in Munich for |
130 this country (before coming to King's I worked in Munich for |
131 five years). To correct such incomplete or flawed credit |
131 five years). To correct such incomplete or flawed credit |
132 history data there is, since recently, a law that allows you |
132 history data there is, since recently, a law that allows you |
133 to check what information is held about you for determining |
133 to check what information is held about you for determining |
134 your creditworthiness. But this concerns only a very small |
134 your creditworthiness. But this concerns only a very small |
135 part of the data that is held about me/you. |
135 part of the data that is held about me/you. Also |
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136 what about cases where data is wrong or outdated (but do we |
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137 need a right-to be forgotten). |
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138 |
136 |
139 |
137 To see how private matter can lead really to the wrong |
140 To see how private matter can lead really to the wrong |
138 conclusions, take the example of Stephen Hawking: When he was |
141 conclusions, take the example of Stephen Hawking: When he was |
139 diagnosed with his disease, he was given a life expectancy of |
142 diagnosed with his disease, he was given a life expectancy of |
140 two years. If employers would know about such problems, would |
143 two years. If employers would know about such problems, would |
251 the DNA data from a comparison group (people from the |
254 the DNA data from a comparison group (people from the |
252 general public) and ``subtracted'' this data from the |
255 general public) and ``subtracted'' this data from the |
253 published data. He was left with data that included all |
256 published data. He was left with data that included all |
254 ``special'' DNA-markers of the individuals present in |
257 ``special'' DNA-markers of the individuals present in |
255 the original mixture. He essentially deleted the |
258 the original mixture. He essentially deleted the |
256 ``background noise'' in the published data. The |
259 ``background noise'' in the published data. The problem |
257 problem with DNA data is that it is of such a high |
260 with DNA data is that it is of such a high resolution |
258 resolution that even if the mixture contained maybe 100 |
261 that even if the mixture contained maybe 100 |
259 individuals, you can now detect whether an individual |
262 individuals, you can with current technology detect |
260 was included in the mixture or not. |
263 whether an individual was included in the mixture or |
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264 not. |
261 |
265 |
262 This result changed completely how DNA data is nowadays |
266 This result changed completely how DNA data is nowadays |
263 published for research purposes. After the success of |
267 published for research purposes. After the success of |
264 the human-genome project with a very open culture of |
268 the human-genome project with a very open culture of |
265 exchanging data, it became much more difficult to |
269 exchanging data, it became much more difficult to |
349 |
353 |
350 Two cool articles about how somebody obtained via the Freedom |
354 Two cool articles about how somebody obtained via the Freedom |
351 of Information Law the taxicab dataset of New York and someone |
355 of Information Law the taxicab dataset of New York and someone |
352 else showed how easy it is to mine for private information: |
356 else showed how easy it is to mine for private information: |
353 |
357 |
354 \begin{center} |
358 \begin{center}\small |
355 \begin{tabular}{p{0.8\textwidth}} |
359 \begin{tabular}{p{0.78\textwidth}} |
356 \url{http://chriswhong.com/open-data/foil_nyc_taxi/}\\ |
360 \url{http://chriswhong.com/open-data/foil_nyc_taxi/}\smallskip\\ |
357 \url{http://research.neustar.biz/2014/09/15/riding-with-the-stars-passenger-privacy-in-the-nyc-taxicab-dataset} |
361 \url{http://research.neustar.biz/2014/09/15/riding-with-the-stars-passenger-privacy-in-the-nyc-taxicab-dataset} |
358 \end{tabular} |
362 \end{tabular} |
359 \end{center} |
363 \end{center} |
360 |
364 |
361 \noindent |
365 \noindent |