slides/slides02.tex
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    55 learned from programming Satan's computer may be helpful 
    55 learned from programming Satan's computer may be helpful 
    56 in tackling the more common problem of programming Murphy's.''
    56 in tackling the more common problem of programming Murphy's.''
    57 \end{bubble}\\[30mm]
    57 \end{bubble}\\[30mm]
    58 
    58 
    59 \only<2>{
    59 \only<2>{
    60 \begin{textblock}{11}(3,12)
    60 \begin{textblock}{11}(3.5,12)
    61 \begin{tabular}{c}
    61 \begin{tabular}{c}
    62 \includegraphics[scale=0.12]{pics/ariane.jpg}\\[-2mm]
    62 \includegraphics[scale=0.12]{pics/ariane.jpg}\\[-2mm]
    63 \footnotesize Murphy's computer
    63 \footnotesize Murphy's computer
    64 \end{tabular}
    64 \end{tabular}
    65 \begin{tabular}{c}
    65 \begin{tabular}{c}
    74 
    74 
    75 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
    75 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
    76 \begin{frame}[c]
    76 \begin{frame}[c]
    77 \frametitle{Defence in Depth}
    77 \frametitle{Defence in Depth}
    78 
    78 
    79 \bgein{center}
    79 \begin{center}\small
    80 \pcode{urbanc:$6$3WWbKfr1$4vblknvGr6FcDeF92R5xFn3mskfdnEn...:...}
    80 \pcode{urbanc:$6$3WWbKfr1$4vblknvGr6FcDeF92R5xFn3mskfdnEn...:...}
    81 \end{center}
    81 \end{center}
    82 
    82 
    83 \begin{itemize}
    83 \begin{itemize}
    84 \item hashes help when password databases are leaked
    84 \item hashes help when password databases are leaked
    85 \item salts help with protecting against dictionary attacks
    85 \item salts help with protecting against dictionary attacks
    86 
    86   and help people who have the same password on different sites\medskip
       
    87 
       
    88 \item but they do not protect against a focused attack against a single 
       
    89   password and also do not make poorly chosen passwords any better
    87 \end{itemize}
    90 \end{itemize}
    88 
    91 
    89 \end{frame}
    92 \end{frame}
    90 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
    93 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
    91 
    94 
       
    95 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
       
    96 \begin{frame}[c]
       
    97 \frametitle{Subtle Points}
       
    98 
       
    99 \begin{itemize}
       
   100 \item in our web-application the salt needed to remain secret;
       
   101   in password files the salt is public\bigskip
       
   102 
       
   103 \item the NYT has the ``resource'' unlocked at first
       
   104   and locks it depending on the cookie data
       
   105 \item our ``web-application'' has the resource locked at first,
       
   106   and unlocks it depending on the cookie data
       
   107 
       
   108 \end{itemize}
       
   109 
       
   110 \end{frame}
       
   111 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
       
   112 
       
   113 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
       
   114 \begin{frame}[t]
       
   115 \frametitle{How to Salt?}
       
   116 
       
   117 \begin{center}\tt\small
       
   118 \begin{tabular}{lcl}
       
   119 1salt & $\Rightarrow$ & 8189effef4d4f7411f4153b13ff72546dd682c69\\
       
   120 2salt & $\Rightarrow$ & 1528375d5ceb7d71597053e6877cc570067a738f\\
       
   121 3salt & $\Rightarrow$ & d646e213d4f87e3971d9dd6d9f435840eb6a1c06\\
       
   122 4salt & $\Rightarrow$ & 5b9e85269e4461de0238a6bf463ed3f25778cbba\\
       
   123 \end{tabular}
       
   124 \end{center}
       
   125 
       
   126 \begin{itemize}
       
   127 \item in Unix systems: \texttt{hash(salt + password)}, or even
       
   128 \texttt{hash$^{\texttt{1500}}$(salt + password)}
       
   129 
       
   130 \end{itemize}
       
   131 \end{frame}
       
   132 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
       
   133 
    92 
   134 
    93 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   135 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
    94 \begin{frame}[c]
   136 \begin{frame}[c]
    95 \frametitle{Today's Lecture}
   137 \frametitle{Today's Lecture}
    96 \begin{center}
   138 \begin{center}
    97 \begin{tabular}{cc}
   139 \begin{tabular}{ccc}
    98 \large online banking  & \hspace{6mm}\large e-voting\\
   140 \large online banking  & \hspace{3mm}\large{}vs\hspace{3mm} & \large e-voting\\
    99 \textcolor{gray}{solved} & \hspace{6mm}\textcolor{gray}{unsolved}\\
   141 \textcolor{gray}{solved} & & \textcolor{gray}{unsolved}\\
   100 \end{tabular}
   142 \end{tabular}
   101 \end{center}
   143 \end{center}
   102 
   144 
   103 \end{frame}
   145 \end{frame}
   104 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
   146 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
   119 \item<7->Availability
   161 \item<7->Availability
   120 \end{itemize}
   162 \end{itemize}
   121 
   163 
   122 \only<2>{
   164 \only<2>{
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   126 {\small
       
   127 \begin{minipage}{5cm}\raggedright
       
   128 \begin{center}
   167 \begin{center}
   129 \begin{minipage}{4.5cm}
   168 \begin{minipage}{4.5cm}
   130 \begin{itemize}
   169 \begin{itemize}
   131 \item The outcome matches with the voters' intend.
   170 \item The outcome matches with the voters' intend.
   132 \item There might be gigantic sums at stake and need to be defended against.
   171 \item There might be gigantic sums at stake and need to be defended against.
   133 \end{itemize}
   172 \end{itemize}
   134 \end{minipage}
   173 \end{minipage}
   135 \end{center}
   174 \end{center}
   136 \end{minipage}};
   175 \end{bubble}
   137 \end{tikzpicture}
       
   138 \end{textblock}}
   176 \end{textblock}}
   139 
   177 
   140 \only<4>{
   178 \only<4>{
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   144 {\small
       
   145 \begin{minipage}{5cm}\raggedright
       
   146 \begin{center}
   181 \begin{center}
   147 \begin{minipage}{4.5cm}
   182 \begin{minipage}{4.5cm}
   148 \begin{itemize}
   183 \begin{itemize}
   149 \item Nobody can find out how you voted.
   184 \item Nobody can find out how you voted.
   150 \item (Stronger) Even if you try, you cannot prove how you voted.
   185 \item (Stronger) Even if you try, you cannot prove how you voted.
   151 \end{itemize}
   186 \end{itemize}
   152 \end{minipage}
   187 \end{minipage}
   153 \end{center}
   188 \end{center}
   154 \end{minipage}};
   189 \end{bubble}
   155 \end{tikzpicture}
       
   156 \end{textblock}}
   190 \end{textblock}}
   157 
   191 
   158 \only<5>{
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   162 {\small
       
   163 \begin{minipage}{5cm}\raggedright
       
   164 \begin{center}
   195 \begin{center}
   165 \begin{minipage}{4.5cm}
   196 \begin{minipage}{4.5cm}
   166 \begin{itemize}
   197 \begin{itemize}
   167 \item Only authorised voters can vote up to the permitted number of votes.
   198 \item Only authorised voters can vote up to the permitted number of votes.
   168 \end{itemize}
   199 \end{itemize}
   169 \end{minipage}
   200 \end{minipage}
   170 \end{center}
   201 \end{center}
   171 \end{minipage}};
   202 \end{bubble}
   172 \end{tikzpicture}
       
   173 \end{textblock}}
   203 \end{textblock}}
   174 
   204 
   175 \only<6>{
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   179 {\small
       
   180 \begin{minipage}{5cm}\raggedright
       
   181 \begin{center}
   208 \begin{center}
   182 \begin{minipage}{4.5cm}
   209 \begin{minipage}{4.5cm}
   183 \begin{itemize}
   210 \begin{itemize}
   184 \item Authorised voters should have the opportunity to vote.
   211 \item Authorised voters should have the opportunity to vote.
   185 \end{itemize}
   212 \end{itemize}
   186 \end{minipage}
   213 \end{minipage}
   187 \end{center}
   214 \end{center}
   188 \end{minipage}};
   215 \end{bubble}
   189 \end{tikzpicture}
       
   190 \end{textblock}}
   216 \end{textblock}}
   191 
   217 
   192 \only<7>{
   218 \only<7>{
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   219 \begin{textblock}{5.5}(8,5)
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   196 {\small
       
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   198 \begin{center}
   221 \begin{center}
   199 \begin{minipage}{4.5cm}
   222 \begin{minipage}{4.5cm}
   200 \begin{itemize}
   223 \begin{itemize}
   201 \item The voting system should accept all authorised votes and produce results in a timely manner.
   224 \item The voting system should accept all authorised votes and produce results in a timely manner.
   202 \end{itemize}
   225 \end{itemize}
   203 \end{minipage}
   226 \end{minipage}
   204 \end{center}
   227 \end{center}
   205 \end{minipage}};
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   206 \end{tikzpicture}
       
   207 \end{textblock}}
   229 \end{textblock}}
   208 
   230 
   209 \end{frame}}
   231 \end{frame}}
   210 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
   232 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
   211 
   233 
   212 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   234 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   213 \mode<presentation>{
       
   214 \begin{frame}[t]
   235 \begin{frame}[t]
   215 \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}Problems with Voting\end{tabular}}
   236 \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}Problems with Voting\end{tabular}}
   216 
   237 
   217 
   238 
   218 \begin{center}\large
   239 \begin{center}\large
   228 \item costs
   249 \item costs
   229 \item accessibility
   250 \item accessibility
   230 \item convenience
   251 \item convenience
   231 \item intelligibility 
   252 \item intelligibility 
   232 \end{itemize}
   253 \end{itemize}
   233 \end{frame}}
   254 \end{frame}
   234 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
   255 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
   235 
   256 
   236 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   257 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   237 \mode<presentation>{
   258 \begin{frame}[t]
   238 \begin{frame}[t]
   259 \frametitle{Traditional Ballot Boxes}
   239 \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}Traditional Ballot Boxes\end{tabular}}
       
   240 
       
   241 
   260 
   242 \begin{center}
   261 \begin{center}
   243 \includegraphics[scale=2.5]{pics/ballotbox.jpg}
   262 \includegraphics[scale=2.5]{pics/ballotbox.jpg}
   244 \end{center}\pause\bigskip
   263 \end{center}\pause\bigskip
   245 
   264 
   246 they need a ``protocol''
   265 mechanical, but they need a ``protocol''
   247 
   266 
   248 
   267 \end{frame}
   249 \end{frame}}
   268 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
   250 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
   269 
   251 
   270 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   252 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   271 \begin{frame}
   253 \mode<presentation>{
   272 \frametitle{Motives for E-Voting}
   254 \begin{frame}[t]
   273 
   255 \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}E-Voting\end{tabular}}
   274 \begin{itemize}
   256 
   275 \item 76\% of pensioners in the UK vote, but only 44\% of the under-25s\bigskip
   257 
   276 \item convenience\bigskip
   258 \begin{itemize}
   277 \item speed 
   259 \item The Netherlands between 1997 - 2006 had electronic voting machines\\
   278 \end{itemize}
   260 \textcolor{gray}{(hacktivists had found: they can be hacked and also emitted radio signals revealing how you voted)}
   279 
   261 
   280 \end{frame}
   262 \item Germany had used them in pilot studies\\ 
   281 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
   263 \textcolor{gray}{(in 2007 a law suit has reached the highest court and it rejected electronic voting
   282 
   264 on the grounds of not being understandable by the general public)}
   283 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   265 
   284 \begin{frame}[t]
   266 \item UK used optical scan voting systems in a few polls
   285 \frametitle{E-Voting}
   267 \end{itemize}
   286 
   268 \end{frame}}
   287 \begin{itemize}
   269 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
   288 \item The Netherlands between 1997 - 2006 had electronic voting
   270 
   289   machines\\ \textcolor{gray}{(hacktivists had found: they can be
   271 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   290     hacked and also emitted radio signals revealing how you voted)}
   272 \mode<presentation>{
   291 
   273 \begin{frame}[t]
   292 \item Germany had used them in pilot studies\\ \textcolor{gray}{(in
   274 \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}E-Voting\end{tabular}}
   293   2007 a law suit has reached the highest court and it rejected
       
   294   electronic voting on the grounds of not being understandable by the
       
   295   general public)}
       
   296 
       
   297 \item UK used optical scan voting systems in a few test polls, but
       
   298   abandoned any wide deployment
       
   299 \end{itemize}
       
   300 \end{frame}
       
   301 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
       
   302 
       
   303 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
       
   304 \begin{frame}[t]
       
   305 \frametitle{E-Voting}
   275 
   306 
   276 \mbox{}\\[-12mm]
   307 \mbox{}\\[-12mm]
   277 \begin{itemize}
   308 \begin{itemize}
   278 \item US used mechanical machines since the 30s, later punch cards, now DREs and 
   309 \item US used mechanical machines since the 30s, later punch cards,
   279 optical scan voting machines
   310   now DREs and optical scan voting machines
   280 
   311 
   281 \item Estonia used in 2007 the Internet for national elections 
   312 \item Estonia used in 2007 the Internet for national elections
   282 \textcolor{gray}{(there were earlier pilot studies in other countries)}
   313   \textcolor{gray}{(there were earlier pilot studies in other
   283 
   314     countries)}
   284 \item India uses e-voting devices  since at least 2003\\
   315 
   285 \textcolor{gray}{(``keep-it-simple'' machines produced by a government owned company)}
   316 \item India uses e-voting devices since at least
   286 
   317   2003\\ \textcolor{gray}{(``keep-it-simple'' machines produced by a
   287 \item South Africa used software for its tallying in the 1993 elections (when Nelson Mandela was elected)
   318     government owned company)}
   288 \textcolor{gray}{(they found the tallying software was rigged, but they were able to tally manually)}
   319 
   289 \end{itemize}
   320 \item South Africa used software for its tallying in the 1993
   290 \end{frame}}
   321   elections (when Nelson Mandela was elected) \textcolor{gray}{(they
   291 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
   322     found the tallying software was rigged, but they were able to
       
   323     tally manually)}
       
   324 \end{itemize}
       
   325 \end{frame}
       
   326 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
       
   327 
       
   328 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
       
   329 \begin{frame}[t]
       
   330 \frametitle{E-Voting in Estonia}
       
   331 
       
   332 \begin{itemize}
       
   333 \item worlds first general election that used internet voting (2007)
       
   334 \item builds on the Estonian ID card (a smartcard like CC)
       
   335 \item Internet voting can be used before the election (votes can be changed an
       
   336 unlimited amount of times, last vote is tabulated, you can even change your
       
   337 vote on the polling day in person)
       
   338 \item in the 2011 parliamentary election 24\% voted via Internet\bigskip\pause
       
   339 
       
   340 \item needs to trust the integrity of voters' computers, 
       
   341   central server components and the election staff
       
   342 \end{itemize}
       
   343 
       
   344 \end{frame}
       
   345 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
       
   346 
       
   347 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
       
   348 \begin{frame}[t]
       
   349 
       
   350 \footnotesize
       
   351 \lstinputlisting[language=Python,xleftmargin=0mm]{../progs/estonia.py}
       
   352 
       
   353 \begin{textblock}{5.5}(7.8,0.5)
       
   354 \begin{bubble}[5cm]\small
       
   355 from \url{https://github.com/vvk-ehk/evalimine/}
       
   356 \end{bubble}
       
   357 \end{textblock}
       
   358 
       
   359 \end{frame}
       
   360 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
       
   361 
       
   362 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
       
   363 \begin{frame}[t]
       
   364 E-Voting in \textbf{Theory}
       
   365 \small
       
   366 \begin{itemize}
       
   367 \item Alice prepares and audits a ballot, then casts an encrypted 
       
   368   ballot, which requires her to authenticate to a server.
       
   369 
       
   370 \item A bulletin board posts Alice's name and encrypted ballot. 
       
   371   Anyone, including Alice, can check the bulletin board and find her 
       
   372   encrypted vote posted.
       
   373 
       
   374 \item When the election closes, all votes are shuffled and the system produces 
       
   375   a non-interactive proof of a correct shuffling. (zero-knowledge-proofs)
       
   376 
       
   377 \item After a reasonable complaint period to let auditors check the 
       
   378   shuffling, all shuffled ballots are decrypted, and the system provides 
       
   379   a decryption proof for each decrypted ballot. (zero-knowledge-proofs)
       
   380 
       
   381 \item Perform a tally of the decrypted votes.
       
   382 
       
   383 \item An auditor can download the entire election data and verify the 
       
   384   shuffle, decryptions and tally.
       
   385 \end{itemize}
       
   386 
       
   387 \end{frame}
       
   388 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
       
   389 
   292 
   390 
   293 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   391 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   294 \mode<presentation>{
   392 \mode<presentation>{
   295 \begin{frame}[t]
   393 \begin{frame}[t]
   296 \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}A Brief History of Voting\end{tabular}}
   394 \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}A Brief History of Voting\end{tabular}}
   317 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   415 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   318 \mode<presentation>{
   416 \mode<presentation>{
   319 \begin{frame}[t]
   417 \begin{frame}[t]
   320 \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}Ballot Boxes\end{tabular}}
   418 \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}Ballot Boxes\end{tabular}}
   321 
   419 
   322 Security policies involved with paper ballots:
   420 Security policies with paper ballots:
   323 
   421 
   324 \begin{enumerate}
   422 \begin{enumerate}
   325 \item you need to check that the ballot box is empty at the start of the poll / no false bottom (to prevent ballot stuffing)
   423 \item you need to check that the ballot box is empty at the start of the poll / no false bottom (to prevent ballot stuffing)
   326 \item you need to guard the ballot box during the poll until counting
   424 \item you need to guard the ballot box during the poll until counting
   327 \item tallied by a team at the end of the poll (independent observers) 
   425 \item tallied by a team at the end of the poll (independent observers) 
   334 
   432 
   335 \end{frame}}
   433 \end{frame}}
   336 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
   434 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
   337 
   435 
   338 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
   436 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
   339 \mode<presentation>{
       
   340 \begin{frame}[c]
   437 \begin{frame}[c]
   341 
   438 
   342 Which security requirements do paper ballots satisfy better than voice voting?\bigskip
   439 Which security requirements do paper ballots satisfy better than voice voting?\bigskip
   343 
   440 
   344 \begin{itemize}
   441 \begin{itemize}
   347 \item Ballot secrecy
   444 \item Ballot secrecy
   348 \item Voter authentication
   445 \item Voter authentication
   349 \item Availability
   446 \item Availability
   350 \end{itemize}
   447 \end{itemize}
   351 
   448 
   352 \end{frame}}
   449 \end{frame}
   353 
   450 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
   354 
   451 
   355 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   452 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   356 \mode<presentation>{
   453 \mode<presentation>{
   357 \begin{frame}[t]
   454 \begin{frame}[t]
   358 \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}Paper Ballots\end{tabular}}
   455 \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}Paper Ballots\end{tabular}}
   385 
   482 
   386 \end{frame}}
   483 \end{frame}}
   387 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
   484 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
   388 
   485 
   389 
   486 
   390 
   487 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   391 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   488 \begin{frame}[t]
   392 \mode<presentation>{
   489 \frametitle{\Large Mechanical Voting Machines}
   393 \begin{frame}[t]
       
   394 \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}Mechanical Voting Machines\end{tabular}}
       
   395 
   490 
   396 \begin{itemize}
   491 \begin{itemize}
   397 \item<1-> Lever Voting Machines (ca.~1930 - 1990)
   492 \item<1-> Lever Voting Machines (ca.~1930 - 1990)
   398 \only<1>{
   493 \only<1>{
   399 \begin{center}
   494 \begin{center}
   407 \includegraphics[scale=0.46]{pics/punchcard2.jpg}
   502 \includegraphics[scale=0.46]{pics/punchcard2.jpg}
   408 \end{center}
   503 \end{center}
   409 }
   504 }
   410 \end{itemize}
   505 \end{itemize}
   411 
   506 
   412 
   507 \end{frame}
   413 
       
   414 \end{frame}}
       
   415 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
   508 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
   416 
   509 
   417 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   510 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   418 \mode<presentation>{
   511 \mode<presentation>{
   419 \begin{frame}[t]
   512 \begin{frame}[t]
   467 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   560 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   468 \mode<presentation>{
   561 \mode<presentation>{
   469 \begin{frame}[c]
   562 \begin{frame}[c]
   470 \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}Diebold Machines\end{tabular}}
   563 \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}Diebold Machines\end{tabular}}
   471 
   564 
   472 The work by J.~Alex Halderman:
   565 Alex Halderman:
   473 
   566 
   474 \begin{itemize}
   567 \begin{itemize}
   475 \item acquired a machine from an anonymous source\medskip
   568 \item acquired a machine from an anonymous source\medskip
   476 \item they try to keep secret the source code running the machine\medskip\pause
   569 \item they try to keep secret the source code running the machine\medskip\pause
   477 
   570 
   540 \end{frame}}
   633 \end{frame}}
   541 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
   634 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
   542 
   635 
   543 
   636 
   544 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   637 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   545 \mode<presentation>{
   638 \begin{frame}[c]
   546 \begin{frame}<1-3>[c]
       
   547 \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}Lessons Learned\end{tabular}}
   639 \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}Lessons Learned\end{tabular}}
   548 
   640 
   549 \begin{itemize}
   641 \begin{itemize}
   550 \item keep a paper trail and design your system to keep this secure\medskip
   642 \item keep a paper trail and design your system to keep this secure\medskip
   551 \item make the software open source (avoid security-by-obscurity)\\
   643 \item make the software open source (avoid security-by-obscurity)\medskip
   552 {\small\mbox{}\hfill source code for Estonian e-vote included\\ 
       
   553 \mbox{}\hfill\textcolor{blue}{\url{http://goo.gl/oRMHAI}}}\medskip
       
   554 \item have a simple design in order to minimise the attack surface
   644 \item have a simple design in order to minimise the attack surface
   555 \end{itemize}
   645 \end{itemize}\pause
   556 
   646 
   557 \only<2>{
   647 But overall in times of NSA/state sponsered cyber-crime, e-voting is too
   558 \begin{textblock}{9}(3.4,7)
   648 hard with current technology.
   559 \begin{tikzpicture}
   649 
   560 \draw (0,0) node[inner sep=2mm,fill=cream, ultra thick, draw=red, rounded corners=2mm] 
   650 \end{frame}
   561 {\normalsize\color{darkgray}
   651 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
   562 \begin{minipage}{9cm}\consolas\small
   652 
   563 def analyze(ik, vote, votebox):\\
   653 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   564 \\
   654 \begin{frame}[c]
   565     \#   TODO: implement security checks\\
   655 \frametitle{\Large Online Banking vs.~E-Voting}
   566     \#   such as verifying the correct size\\
   656 
   567     \#   of the encrypted vote\\
   657 \begin{itemize}
   568 \\
   658 \item online banking: if fraud occurred you try to identify who did
   569     return []
   659   what (somebody's account got zero)\bigskip
   570 \end{minipage}};
   660 \item e-voting: some parts can be done electronically, but not the
   571 \end{tikzpicture}
   661   actual voting
   572 \end{textblock}}
   662 \end{itemize}
   573 
   663 
   574 \end{frame}}
   664 \end{frame}
   575 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
       
   576 
       
   577 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
       
   578 \mode<presentation>{
       
   579 \begin{frame}[c]
       
   580 \frametitle{Online Banking vs.~E-Voting}
       
   581 
       
   582 \begin{itemize}
       
   583 \item online banking: if fraud occurred you try to identify who did what (somebody's account got zero)\bigskip
       
   584 \item e-voting: some parts can be done electronically, but not the actual voting (final year project: online voting)
       
   585 \end{itemize}
       
   586 
       
   587 
       
   588 \end{frame}}
       
   589 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
   665 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
   590 
   666 
   591 
   667 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
       
   668 \begin{frame}[c]
       
   669 \frametitle{Student In-Lecture Polling}
       
   670 
       
   671 \begin{center}
       
   672 \includegraphics[scale=0.3]{pics/clicker.png}
       
   673 \end{center}
       
   674 
       
   675 \begin{itemize}
       
   676 \item guaranties anonymity
       
   677 \item integrity by electronic means\bigskip
       
   678 
       
   679 \item how to achieve the same in ``software''?
       
   680 \end{itemize}
       
   681 
       
   682 
       
   683 \end{frame}
       
   684 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
       
   685 
       
   686 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
       
   687 \begin{frame}[c]
       
   688 \frametitle{Anonymity}
       
   689 
       
   690 \begin{itemize}
       
   691 \item anonymity through one-time pads
       
   692 \begin{center}
       
   693 \includegraphics[scale=0.3]{pics/tan.jpg}
       
   694 \end{center}\bigskip\pause
       
   695 
       
   696 \item solving the problem of distribution
       
   697 \begin{center}
       
   698 \includegraphics[scale=0.3]{pics/bulletin.jpg}
       
   699 \end{center}
       
   700 
       
   701 \end{itemize}
       
   702 
       
   703 \end{frame}
       
   704 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
   592 
   705 
   593 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   706 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   594 \mode<presentation>{
   707 \mode<presentation>{
   595 \begin{frame}[c]
   708 \begin{frame}[c]
   596 
   709 
   635 \end{center}
   748 \end{center}
   636 
   749 
   637 
   750 
   638 \end{frame}}
   751 \end{frame}}
   639 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
   752 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
       
   753 
   640 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   754 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   641 \mode<presentation>{
   755 \mode<presentation>{
   642 \begin{frame}[c]
   756 \begin{frame}[c]
   643 \frametitle{Unix-Style Access Control}
   757 \frametitle{Unix-Style Access Control}
   644 
   758