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\section*{Handout 4 (Unix-Style Access Control)}

Access control is essentially about deciding whether to grant

access to a resource or deny it. This sounds easy. Right? Well

it turns out that things are not as simple as seem at first.

Let us study as a case how access is organised in Unix-like

systems (Windows systems have generally similar access

control, although the details might be quite different).

Following the Unix-philosophy that everything is considered as

a file, even memory or ports, access control is organised

around 11 Bits that specify how a file can be accessed. There

are three modes for access \textbf{r}ead, \textbf{w}rite and

e\textbf{x}ecute. Moreover there are .... owner, group and

everybody else.

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