--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/Journal/document/acmtrans.bst Mon Dec 03 08:16:58 2012 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,1770 @@
+% "ACM Transactions" BibTeX style, acmtrans.bst
+% for BibTeX version 0.99c, LaTeX version 3.141
+% Revised 28-MARCH-1996
+% Revised 30-JUNE-1995
+% Revised 15-JAN-1996
+% $Header: acmtrans.bst,v 1.2 96/01/17 09:05:38 boyland Exp $
+%
+% Hacked by John T. Boyland at University of California, Berkeley
+% (with assistance by John R. Hauser)
+% Hacked by Andrew W. Appel and Rebecca L. Davies at Princeton University,
+% based on a "chicago.bst" by Glenn Paulley at U. Waterloo,
+% which was based on "newapa.bst" found at ymir.claremont.edu.
+%
+% Citation format: [author-last-name year]
+% [author-last-name and author-last-name year]
+% [author-last-name, author-last-name, and author-last-name year]
+% [author-last-name et al. year]
+% [author-last-name]
+% author-last-name [year]
+% [author-last-name and author-last-name]
+% [author-last-name et al.]
+% [year] or [year,year]
+% year or year,year
+%
+% Reference list ordering: alphabetical by author or whatever passes
+% for author in the absence of one.
+%
+% This BibTeX style has support for abbreviated author lists and for
+% year-only citations. This is done by having the citations
+% actually look like
+%
+% \citeauthoryear{full-author-info}{abbrev-author-info}{year}
+%
+% The LaTeX style has to have the following (or similar)
+%
+% \let\@internalcite\cite
+% \def\fullcite{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1, ##3}\@internalcite}
+% \def\fullciteA{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1}\@internalcite}
+% \def\shortcite{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2, ##3}\@internalcite}
+% \def\shortciteA{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2}\@internalcite}
+% \def\citeyear{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##3}\@internalcite}
+%
+% These TeX macro definitions are found in acmtrans.sty. Additional
+% commands to manipulate different components of a citation can be defined
+% so that, for example, you can list author's names without parentheses
+% if using a citation as a noun or object in a sentence.
+%
+% Features of acmtrans.bst:
+% ========================
+%
+% - all authors appear last name first.
+% - all pages are listed xx-xx, (no pp.) and are at the end of the reference
+% - publishers are identified as publisher, address
+% - conferences papers (inproceedings) may give city of conference,
+% date of conference, and journal that the proceedings appear in.
+% - months abbreviated to max four letters (eg. Mar.)
+% - volume of a series indicated after the title of the series
+% - editors appear after edited title and are identified by a trailing "Eds."
+% not in parentheses. Editor names are not given in small caps.
+% (unless there is no author line)
+% - names terminated with a period even if there is no first name.
+% - editions are indicated trailing after the work, not in parentheses.
+% - "et al." citations have a protected period to avoid bad spacing (jrh)
+% - "address" required when publisher given
+% - series (roman) and volume are in a sentence separate from (book-)title
+%
+%
+% Features of chicago.bst:
+% =======================
+%
+% - full names used in citations, but abbreviated citations are available
+% (see above)
+% - if an entry has a "month", then the month and year are also printed
+% as part of that bibitem.
+% - all conjunctions use "and" instead of "\&"
+% - major modification from Chicago Manual of Style (13th ed.) is that
+% only the first author in a reference appears last name first-
+% additional authors appear as J. Q. Public.
+% - pages are listed as "pp. xx-xx" in all entry types except
+% article entries.
+% - book, inbook, and manual use "location: publisher" (or organization)
+% for address and publisher. All other types list publishers separately.
+% - "pp." are used to identify page numbers for all entry types except
+% articles.
+% - organization is used as a citation label if neither author nor editor
+% is present (for manuals).
+% - "et al." is used for long author and editor lists, or when "others"
+% is used.
+%
+% Modifications and bug fixes from newapa.bst:
+% ===========================================
+%
+% - added month, year to bib entries if month is present
+% - fixed bug with In proceedings, added necessary comma after title
+% - all conjunctions changed to "and" from "\&"
+% - fixed bug with author labels in my.full.label: "et al." now is
+% generated when "others" is an author name
+% - major modification from Chicago Manual of Style (13th ed.) is that
+% only the first author in a reference appears last name first-
+% additional authors appear as J. Q. Public.
+% - pages are listed as "pp. xx-xx" in all entry types except
+% article entries. Unnecessary (IMHO) "()" around page numbers
+% were removed, and page numbers now don't end with a period.
+% - created chicago.sty for use with this bibstyle (required).
+% - fixed bugs in FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages} for missing volume,
+% number, and /or pages. Renamed to format.jour.vol.
+% - fixed bug in formatting booktitles: additional period an error if
+% book has a volume.
+% - fixed bug: editors usually given redundant period before next clause
+% (format.editors.dot) removed.
+% - added label support for organizations, if both author and editor
+% are missing (from alpha.bst). If organization is too long, then
+% the key field is used for abbreviated citations.
+% - In proceedings or books of several volumes, no comma was written
+% between the "Volume x" and the page numbers (this was intentional
+% in newapa.bst). Fixed.
+% - Some journals may not have volumes/numbers, only month/year (eg.
+% IEEE Computer). Fixed bug in article style that assumed volume/number
+% was always present.
+%
+% Original documentation for newapa.sty:
+% =====================================
+%
+% This version was made by modifying the master file made by
+% Oren Patashnik (PATASHNIK@SCORE.STANFORD.EDU), and the 'named' BibTeX
+% style of Peter F. Patel-Schneider.
+%
+% Copyright (C) 1985, all rights reserved.
+% Copying of this file is authorized only if either
+% (1) you make absolutely no changes to your copy, including name, or
+% (2) if you do make changes, you name it something other than 'newapa.bst'.
+% There are undoubtably bugs in this style. If you make bug fixes,
+% improvements, etc. please let me know. My e-mail address is:
+% spencer@cgrg.ohio.state.edu or 71160.3141@compuserve.com
+%
+% This style was made from 'plain.bst', 'named.bst', and 'apalike.bst',
+% with lots of tweaking to make it look like APA style, along with tips
+% from Young Ryu and Brian Reiser's modifications of 'apalike.bst'.
+
+ENTRY
+ { address
+ author
+ booktitle
+ chapter
+ city % jtb: added
+ date % jtb: added
+ edition
+ editor
+ howpublished
+ institution
+ journal
+ key
+ month
+ note
+ number
+ organization
+ pages
+ publisher
+ school
+ series
+ title
+ type
+ volume
+ year
+ }
+ {}
+ { label.year extra.label sort.year sort.label }
+
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+ #1 'mid.sentence :=
+ #2 'after.sentence :=
+ #3 'after.block :=
+}
+
+STRINGS { s t u }
+
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+ output.state mid.sentence =
+ { ", " * write$ }
+ { output.state after.block =
+ { add.period$ write$
+ newline$
+ "\newblock " write$
+ }
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'write$
+ { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+ s
+}
+
+% Use a colon to separate output. Used only for address/publisher
+% combination in book/inbook types, address/institution for manuals,
+% and organization:publisher for proceedings (inproceedings).
+%
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull.colon}
+{ 's :=
+ output.state mid.sentence =
+ { ": " * write$ }
+ { output.state after.block =
+ { add.period$ write$
+ newline$
+ "\newblock " write$
+ }
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'write$
+ { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+ s
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.colon}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ 'output.nonnull.colon
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.check.colon}
+{ 't :=
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'output.nonnull.colon
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.year.check}
+{ year empty$
+ { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ { write$
+ " " year * extra.label *
+ mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ add.period$
+ write$
+ newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.block 'output.state := }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+ 'skip$
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{ { #0 }
+ { #1 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {and}
+{ 'skip$
+ { pop$ #0 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {or}
+{ { pop$ #1 }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
+{ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.block
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+ swap$ empty$
+ and
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.block
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
+{ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.sentence
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
+{ empty$
+ swap$ empty$
+ and
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.sentence
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+%
+% Emphasize the top string on the stack.
+%
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ { "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }
+ if$
+}
+
+%
+% Emphasize the top string on the stack, but add a trailing space.
+%
+FUNCTION {emphasize.space}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ { "{\em " swap$ * "\/}" * }
+ if$
+}
+
+%
+% Emphasize the top string on stack, add a trailing comma and space.
+%
+FUNCTION {emphasize.comma}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ { "{\em " swap$ * ",\/}" * }
+ if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+%
+% Format bibliographical entries with the first author last name first,
+% and subsequent authors with initials followed by last name.
+% All names are formatted in this routine.
+%
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr := % nameptr = 1;
+ s num.names$ 'numnames := % numnames = num.name$(s);
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+
+ { nameptr #1 =
+ {"{\sc " s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f.}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := }
+ {"{\sc " s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f.}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := }
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 >
+ { namesleft #1 >
+ { ", " * t * }
+ { numnames #2 >
+ { "," * }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ t "{\sc others}" =
+ { " {\sc et~al\mbox{.}}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems
+ { " {\sc and} " * t * } % from Chicago Manual of Style
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ 't
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := % nameptr += 1;
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := % namesleft =- 1;
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {my.full.label}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr := % nameptr = 1;
+ s num.names$ 'numnames := % numnames = num.name$(s);
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+
+ { s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ 't := % get the next name
+ nameptr #1 >
+ { namesleft #1 >
+ { ", " * t * }
+ { numnames #2 >
+ { "," * }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ t "others" =
+ { " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems
+ { " and " * t * } % from Chicago Manual of Style
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ 't
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := % nameptr += 1;
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := % namesleft =- 1;
+ }
+ while$
+
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.names.fml}
+%
+% Format names in "familiar" format, with first initial followed by
+% last name. Like format.names, ALL names are formatted.
+% jtb: The names are NOT put in small caps
+%
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr := % nameptr = 1;
+ s num.names$ 'numnames := % numnames = num.name$(s);
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+
+ { "{" s nameptr "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ * "}" * 't :=
+
+ nameptr #1 >
+ { namesleft #1 >
+ { ", " * t * }
+ { numnames #2 >
+ { "," * }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ t "{others}" =
+ { " {et~al\mbox{.}}" * }
+ { " {and} " * t * }
+% { " {\&} " * t * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ 't
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := % nameptr += 1;
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := % namesleft =- 1;
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author empty$
+ { "" }
+ { author format.names add.period$} % jtb: add period if none before
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.key}
+{ empty$
+ { key field.or.null }
+ { "" }
+ if$
+}
+
+%
+% Format editor names for use in the "in" types: inbook, incollection,
+% inproceedings: first initial, then last names. When editors are the
+% LABEL for an entry, then format.editor is used which lists editors
+% by last name first.
+%
+FUNCTION {format.editors.fml}
+{ editor empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor format.names.fml
+ editor num.names$ #1 >
+ { ", Eds." * } % jtb: removed parentheses
+ { ", Ed." * } % jtb: removed parentheses
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+%
+% Format editor names for use in labels, last names first.
+%
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor format.names
+ editor num.names$ #1 >
+ { ", Eds." * } % jtb: removed parentheses
+ { ", Ed." * } % jtb: removed parentheses
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title empty$
+ { "" }
+ { title "t" change.case$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% Note that the APA style requres case changes
+% in article titles. The following does not
+% change cases. If you perfer it, uncomment the
+% following and comment out the above.
+
+%FUNCTION {format.title}
+%{ title empty$
+% { "" }
+% { title }
+% if$
+%}
+
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{ 't :=
+ ""
+ { t empty$ not }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+ { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+ { "--" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+ { "-" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ while$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ edition empty$
+ { title emphasize }
+ { title empty$
+ { title emphasize } % jtb: what is this supposed to do ?!?
+ { "{\em " title * "\/}, " * edition * " ed." * } % jtb: no parens for ed.
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.emphasize.booktitle}
+{ edition empty$
+ { booktitle emphasize }
+ { booktitle empty$
+ { booktitle emphasize } % jtb: what is this supposed to do ?!?
+ { "{\em " booktitle * "\/}, " * edition * " ed." * } % jtb: no ()s for ed.
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+
+% jtb: if the preceding string (the title of the conference) is non-empty,
+% jtb: append the location, otherwise leave empty (so as to trigger the
+% jtb: error message in output.check
+FUNCTION {format.city}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { }
+ { city empty$
+ { date empty$
+ { }
+ { " (" * date * ")" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { date empty$
+ { " (" * city * ")" * }
+ { " (" * city * ", " * date * ")" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+ { "~" }
+ { " " }
+ if$
+ swap$ * *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% jtb: If there is a series, this is added and the volume trails after it.
+% jtb: Otherwise, "Vol" is Capitalized.
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+ { "" }
+ { series empty$
+ { "Vol." volume tie.or.space.connect}
+ { series ", " * "vol." volume tie.or.space.connect *}
+ if$
+ "volume and number" number either.or.check
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+ { number empty$
+ { series field.or.null }
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { "Number" } % gnp - changed to mixed case always
+ { "Number" }
+ if$
+ number tie.or.space.connect
+ series empty$
+ { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ { " in " * series * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "" }
+ if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+ #0 'multiresult :=
+ { multiresult not
+ t empty$ not
+ and
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "-" =
+ swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+ swap$ "+" =
+ or or
+ { #1 'multiresult := }
+ { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+ multiresult
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages empty$
+ { "" }
+ { pages multi.page.check
+ { pages n.dashify } % gnp - removed () % jtb: removed pp.
+ { pages }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% By Young (and Spencer)
+% GNP - fixed bugs with missing volume, number, and/or pages
+%
+% Format journal, volume, number, pages for article types.
+%
+FUNCTION {format.jour.vol}
+{ journal empty$
+ { "no journal in " cite$ * warning$
+ "" }
+ { journal emphasize.space }
+ if$
+ number empty$
+ { volume empty$
+ { "no number and no volume in " cite$ * warning$
+ "" * }
+ { "~{\em " * Volume * "}" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { volume empty$
+ {"no volume for " cite$ * warning$
+ "~" * number * }
+ { "~" *
+ volume emphasize.comma
+ "~" * number * * }
+ if$
+ month empty$
+ {}
+ {" (" * month * ")" *}
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ pages empty$
+ {"page numbers missing in " cite$ * warning$
+ "" * } % gnp - place a null string on the stack for output
+ { duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ format.pages }
+ { ", " * pages n.dashify * } % gnp - removed pp. for articles
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+ 'format.pages
+ { type empty$
+ { "Chapter" } % gnp - changed to mixed case
+ { type "t" change.case$ }
+ if$
+ chapter tie.or.space.connect
+ pages empty$
+ {"page numbers missing in " cite$ * warning$} % gnp - added check
+ { ", " * format.pages * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% jtb: format for collections or proceedings not appearing in a journal
+FUNCTION {format.in.emphasize.booktitle}
+{ booktitle empty$
+ { "" }
+ { "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * }
+ if$
+}
+
+% jtb: format for proceedings appearing in a journal
+FUNCTION {format.in.booktitle}
+{ booktitle empty$
+ { "" }
+ { "In " booktitle * }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ booktitle empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor empty$
+ { "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * }
+ % jtb: swapped editor location
+ { "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * ", " * format.editors.fml * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type empty$
+ 'skip$
+% {pop$
+ {{ "" }
+ type "t" change.case$}
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ type empty$
+ { "Tech. Rep." }
+ 'type
+ if$
+ number empty$
+ { "t" change.case$ }
+ { number tie.or.space.connect }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{ "See"
+ "\citeN{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
+{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+ editor num.names$ duplicate$
+ #2 >
+ { pop$ " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems
+ { #2 <
+ 'skip$
+ { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+ { " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems
+ { " and " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume empty$
+ { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+ "In "
+ }
+ { "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect % gnp - changed to mixed case
+ " of " *
+ }
+ if$
+ editor empty$
+ editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+ or
+ { key empty$
+ { series empty$
+ { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+ crossref * warning$
+ "" *
+ }
+ { "{\em " * series * "\/}" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { key * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { format.crossref.editor * }
+ if$
+ " \citeN{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{ "See"
+ " \citeN{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+% format.lab.names:
+%
+% determines "short" names for the abbreviated author information.
+% "Long" labels are created in calc.label, using the routine my.full.label
+% to format author and editor fields.
+%
+% There are 4 cases for labels. (n=3 in the example)
+% a) one author Foo
+% b) one to n Foo, Bar and Baz
+% c) use of "and others" Foo, Bar et al.
+% d) more than n Foo et al.
+%
+FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
+{ 's :=
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames #2 > % change number to number of others allowed before
+ % forcing "et al".
+ { s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: \mbox{} added
+ {
+ numnames #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ #2 'nameptr :=
+ s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+ { nameptr numnames =
+ { s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+ { " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems
+ { " and " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { ", " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "no key, author in " cite$ * warning$
+ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
+{ editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "no key, editor in " cite$ * warning$
+ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.organization.label}
+%
+% added - gnp. Provide label formatting by organization if author is null.
+%
+{ author empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "no key, author or organization in " cite$ * warning$
+ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { organization }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.organization.label}
+%
+% added - gnp. Provide label formatting by organization if editor is null.
+%
+{ editor empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "no key, editor or organization in " cite$ * warning$
+ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { organization }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "no key, author, or editor in " cite$ * warning$
+ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor format.lab.names }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.label}
+%
+% Changed - GNP. See also author.organization.sort, editor.organization.sort
+% Form label for BibTeX entry. The classification of which fields are used
+% for which type of entry (book, inbook, etc.) are taken from alpha.bst.
+% The change here from newapa is to also include organization as a
+% citation label if author or editor is missing.
+%
+{ type$ "book" =
+ type$ "inbook" =
+ or
+ 'author.editor.key.label
+ { type$ "proceedings" =
+ 'editor.key.organization.label
+ { type$ "manual" =
+ 'author.key.organization.label
+ 'author.key.label
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+
+ author empty$ % generate the full label citation information.
+ { editor empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ { "no author, editor, or organization in " cite$ * warning$
+ "??" }
+ { organization }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor my.full.label }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author my.full.label }
+ if$
+
+% leave label on the stack, to be popped when required.
+
+ "}{" * swap$ * "}{" *
+% year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ *
+%
+% save the year for sort processing afterwards (adding a, b, c, etc.)
+%
+ year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$
+ 'label.year :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ newline$
+
+ "\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{" write$
+ calc.label write$
+ sort.year write$
+ "}]{" write$
+
+ cite$ write$
+ "}" write$
+ newline$
+ ""
+ before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors
+ "author" output.check
+ author format.key output % added
+ output.year.check % added
+ new.block
+ format.title
+ "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.jour.vol output
+ }
+ { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors
+ "author and editor" output.check }
+ { format.authors
+ output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ output.year.check % added
+ new.block
+ format.btitle
+ "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { new.sentence % jtb: start a new sentence for series/volume
+ format.bvolume output
+ new.block
+ format.number.series output
+ new.sentence
+ publisher "publisher" output.check
+ address "address" output.check % jtb: require address
+ }
+ { new.block
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ author format.key output % added
+ output.year.check % added
+ new.block
+ format.title
+ "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ howpublished output
+ address output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors
+ "author and editor" output.check
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ output.year.check % added
+ new.block
+ format.btitle
+ "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { new.sentence % jtb: start a new sentence for series/volume
+ format.bvolume output
+ new.block
+ format.number.series output
+ new.sentence
+ publisher "publisher" output.check
+ address "address" output.check % jtb: require address
+ format.chapter.pages
+ "chapter and pages" output.check % jtb: moved from before publisher
+ }
+ { format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors
+ "author" output.check
+ author format.key output % added
+ output.year.check % added
+ new.block
+ format.title
+ "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle
+ "booktitle" output.check
+ new.sentence % jtb: start a new sentence for series/volume
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ new.sentence
+ publisher "publisher" output.check
+ address "address" output.check % jtb: require address
+ format.chapter.pages output % gnp - was special.output.nonnull
+% left out comma before page numbers
+ % jtb: moved from before publisher
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref
+ output.nonnull
+ format.chapter.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors
+ "author" output.check
+ author format.key output % added
+ output.year.check % added
+ new.block
+ format.title
+ "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ crossref missing$
+ { journal missing$ % jtb: proceedings appearing in journals
+ { format.in.emphasize.booktitle format.city "booktitle" output.check
+ format.editors.fml output
+ new.sentence % jtb: start a new sentence for series/volume
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ new.sentence
+ organization output
+ publisher "publisher" output.check % jtb: require publisher (?)
+ address "address" output.check % jtb: require address
+ format.pages output % jtb: moved from before publisher
+ }
+ % jtb: new:
+ { format.in.booktitle format.city "booktitle" output.check
+ format.editors.fml output
+ new.sentence
+ format.jour.vol output
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ { organization "organization" output.check
+ organization format.key output } % if all else fails, use key
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
+ if$
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull }
+ if$
+ output.year.check % added
+ new.block
+ format.btitle
+ "title" output.check
+ organization address new.block.checkb
+ % jtb: back to normal style: organization, address
+ organization "organization" output.check
+ address output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors
+ "author" output.check
+ author format.key output % added
+ output.year.check % added
+ new.block
+ format.title
+ "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ "M.S.\ thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ school "school" output.check
+ address output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ author format.key output % added
+ output.year.check % added
+ title howpublished new.block.checkb
+ format.title output
+ new.block
+ howpublished output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors
+ "author" output.check
+ author format.key output % added
+ output.year.check % added
+ new.block
+ format.title
+ "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.thesis.type "Ph.D. thesis" output.nonnull
+ school "school" output.check
+ address output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ editor empty$
+ { organization output
+ organization format.key output } % gnp - changed from author format.key
+ { format.editors output.nonnull }
+ if$
+% author format.key output % gnp - removed (should be either
+% editor or organization
+ output.year.check % added (newapa)
+ new.block
+ format.btitle format.city "title" output.check % jtb: added city
+ new.sentence
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ new.sentence
+ organization output
+ % jtb: normal order: publisher, address
+ publisher output
+ address output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors
+ "author" output.check
+ author format.key output % added
+ output.year.check % added
+ new.block
+ format.title
+ "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.tr.number output % jtb: moved month ...
+ institution "institution" output.check
+ address output
+ new.sentence
+ month output % jtb: ... to here (no parens)
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors
+ "author" output.check
+ author format.key output % added
+ output.year.check % added
+ new.block
+ format.title
+ "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ note "note" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."} % jtb: corrected: was "March"
+
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."} % jtb: corrected: was "April"
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"June"}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"July"}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"Sept."}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}
+
+MACRO {acmlett} {"ACM Lett. Program. Lang. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}
+
+MACRO {ai} {"Artificial Intelligence"}
+
+MACRO {al} {"Ada Lett."}
+
+MACRO {acr} {"Adv. Comput. Res."}
+
+MACRO {bit} {"Bit"}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}
+
+MACRO {cj} {"Comput. J."}
+
+MACRO {cn} {"Comput. Netw."}
+
+MACRO {cl} {"Comput. Lang."}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. and Development"}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}
+
+MACRO {ict} {"Inf. Contr."}
+
+MACRO {ieebcs} {"IEE/BCS Softw. Eng. J."}
+
+MACRO {ieees} {"IEEE Softw."}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetpds} {"IEEE Trans. Parall. Distrib. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetit} {"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}
+
+MACRO {icp} {"Inf. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {ist} {"Inf. Softw. Tech."}
+
+MACRO {ijsa} {"Int. J. Supercomput. Appl."}
+
+MACRO {ijpp} {"Int. J. Parallel Program."}
+
+MACRO {jlp} {"J. Logic Program."}
+
+MACRO {jfp} {"J. Funct. Program."}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"J. Comput. Syst. Sci."}
+
+MACRO {jsmrp} {"J. Softw. Maint. Res. Pract."}
+
+MACRO {jss} {"J. Syst. Softw."}
+
+MACRO {jlc} {"J. Logic and Comput."}
+
+MACRO {jlsc} {"J. Lisp Symb. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {lpls} {"Lett. Program. Lang. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {mor} {"Math. Oper. Res."}
+
+MACRO {mscs} {"Math. Struct. Comput. Sci."}
+
+MACRO {mst} {"Math. Syst. Theor."} % jtb: was Math. Syst. Theory
+ % jtb: (if you ask me, I prefer the old way)
+MACRO {ngc} {"New Gen. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Program."}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {spe} {"Softw. Pract. Exper."}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Graphics"}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Softw."}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tocl} {"ACM Trans. On Comp. Logic"}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theor. Comput. Sci."} % jtb: was Theor. Comp. Sci.
+
+MACRO {tr} {"Tech. Rep."}
+
+READ
+
+FUNCTION {sortify}
+{ purify$
+ "l" change.case$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { len }
+
+FUNCTION {chop.word}
+{ 's :=
+ 'len :=
+ s #1 len substring$ =
+ { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
+ 's
+ if$
+}
+
+
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ ""
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+ { nameptr #1 >
+ { " " * }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ f{ }}{ jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=
+ nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
+ { " et~al" * }
+ { t sortify * }
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
+{ 't :=
+ "A " #2
+ "An " #3
+ "The " #4 t chop.word
+ chop.word
+ chop.word
+ sortify
+ #1 global.max$ substring$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.sort}
+{ author empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ "" }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.sort}
+{ editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
+{ author empty$
+ { "missing author in " cite$ * warning$
+ editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor sort.format.names }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
+%
+% added - GNP. Stack author or organization for sorting (from alpha.bst).
+% Unlike alpha.bst, we need entire names, not abbreviations
+%
+{ author empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { organization sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
+%
+% added - GNP. Stack editor or organization for sorting (from alpha.bst).
+% Unlike alpha.bst, we need entire names, not abbreviations
+%
+{ editor empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { organization sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {presort}
+%
+% Presort creates the bibentry's label via a call to calc.label, and then
+% sorts the entries based on entry type. Chicago.bst adds support for
+% including organizations as the sort key; the following is stolen from
+% alpha.bst.
+%
+{ calc.label sortify % recalculate bibitem label
+ year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
+ " "
+ *
+ type$ "book" =
+ type$ "inbook" =
+ or
+ 'author.editor.sort
+ { type$ "proceedings" =
+ 'editor.organization.sort
+ { type$ "manual" =
+ 'author.organization.sort
+ 'author.sort
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$ % added for newapa
+ 'sort.label := % added for newapa
+ sort.label % added for newapa
+ *
+ " "
+ *
+ title field.or.null
+ sort.format.title
+ *
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$
+ 'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {presort}
+
+SORT % by label, year, author/editor, title
+
+STRINGS { last.label next.extra }
+
+INTEGERS { last.extra.num }
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
+ "" 'next.extra :=
+ #0 'last.extra.num :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {forward.pass}
+%
+% Pass through all entries, comparing current entry to last one.
+% Need to concatenate year to the stack (done by calc.label) to determine
+% if two entries are the same (see presort)
+%
+{ last.label
+ calc.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$ = % are they equal?
+ { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
+ last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
+ }
+ { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
+ "" 'extra.label :=
+ calc.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$ 'last.label := % assign to last.label
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
+{ next.extra "b" =
+ { "a" 'extra.label := }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ label.year extra.label * 'sort.year :=
+ extra.label 'next.extra :=
+}
+
+EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+
+ITERATE {forward.pass}
+
+REVERSE {reverse.pass}
+
+FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
+{ sort.label
+ " "
+ *
+ year field.or.null sortify
+ *
+ " "
+ *
+ title field.or.null
+ sort.format.title
+ *
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$
+ 'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
+
+SORT % by sort.label, year, title --- giving final bib. order.
+
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+
+{ preamble$ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+ if$
+ "\begin{thebibliography}{}" write$ newline$
+}
+
+
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+ "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {end.bib}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+