1 % "ACM Transactions" BibTeX style, acmtrans.bst 

     2 %  for BibTeX version 0.99c, LaTeX version 3.141

     3 %  Revised 28-MARCH-1996

     4 %  Revised 30-JUNE-1995

     5 %  Revised 15-JAN-1996 

     6 %  $Header: acmtrans.bst,v 1.2 96/01/17 09:05:38 boyland Exp $

     7 %

     8 % Hacked by John T. Boyland at University of California, Berkeley

     9 % (with assistance by John R. Hauser)

    10 % Hacked by Andrew W. Appel and Rebecca L. Davies at Princeton University,

    11 % based on a "chicago.bst" by Glenn Paulley at U. Waterloo,

    12 % which was based on "newapa.bst" found at ymir.claremont.edu.

    13 %

    14 %   Citation format: [author-last-name year]

    15 %             [author-last-name and author-last-name year]

    16 %             [author-last-name, author-last-name, and author-last-name year]

    17 %             [author-last-name et al. year]

    18 %             [author-last-name]

    19 %             author-last-name [year]

    20 %             [author-last-name and author-last-name]

    21 %             [author-last-name et al.]

    22 %             [year] or [year,year]

    23 %             year or year,year

    24 %

    25 %   Reference list ordering: alphabetical by author or whatever passes

    26 %    for author in the absence of one.

    27 %

    28 % This BibTeX style has support for abbreviated author lists and for

    29 %    year-only citations.  This is done by having the citations

    30 %    actually look like

    31 %

    32 %    \citeauthoryear{full-author-info}{abbrev-author-info}{year}

    33 %

    34 % The LaTeX style has to have the following (or similar)

    35 %

    36 %     \let\@internalcite\cite

    37 %     \def\fullcite{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1, ##3}\@internalcite}

    38 %     \def\fullciteA{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1}\@internalcite}

    39 %     \def\shortcite{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2, ##3}\@internalcite}

    40 %     \def\shortciteA{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2}\@internalcite}

    41 %     \def\citeyear{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##3}\@internalcite}

    42 %

    43 % These TeX macro definitions are found in acmtrans.sty. Additional

    44 % commands to manipulate different components of a citation can be defined

    45 % so that, for example, you can list author's names without parentheses

    46 % if using a citation as a noun or object in a sentence.

    47 %

    48 % Features of acmtrans.bst:

    49 % ========================

    50 %

    51 % - all authors appear last name first.

    52 % - all pages are listed xx-xx, (no pp.) and are at the end of the reference

    53 % - publishers are identified as publisher, address

    54 % - conferences papers (inproceedings) may give city of conference,

    55 %   date of conference, and journal that the proceedings appear in.

    56 % - months abbreviated to max four letters (eg. Mar.)

    57 % - volume of a series indicated after the title of the series

    58 % - editors appear after edited title and are identified by a trailing "Eds."

    59 %   not in parentheses.  Editor names are not given in small caps.

    60 %   (unless there is no author line)

    61 % - names terminated with a period even if there is no first name.

    62 % - editions are indicated trailing after the work, not in parentheses.

    63 % - "et al." citations have a protected period to avoid bad spacing (jrh)

    64 % - "address" required when publisher given

    65 % - series (roman) and volume are in a sentence separate from (book-)title

    66 %

    67 %

    68 % Features of chicago.bst:

    69 % =======================

    70 %

    71 % - full names used in citations, but abbreviated citations are available

    72 %   (see above)

    73 % - if an entry has a "month", then the month and year are also printed

    74 %   as part of that bibitem.

    75 % - all conjunctions use "and" instead of "\&"

    76 % - major modification from Chicago Manual of Style (13th ed.) is that

    77 %   only the first author in a reference appears last name first-

    78 %   additional authors appear as J. Q. Public.

    79 % - pages are listed as "pp. xx-xx" in all entry types except

    80 %   article entries.

    81 % - book, inbook, and manual use "location: publisher" (or organization)

    82 %   for address and publisher. All other types list publishers separately.

    83 % - "pp." are used to identify page numbers for all entry types except

    84 %   articles.

    85 % - organization is used as a citation label if neither author nor editor

    86 %   is present (for manuals).

    87 % - "et al." is used for long author and editor lists, or when "others"

    88 %   is used.

    89 %

    90 % Modifications and bug fixes from newapa.bst:

    91 % ===========================================

    92 %

    93 %   - added month, year to bib entries if month is present

    94 %   - fixed bug with In proceedings, added necessary comma after title

    95 %   - all conjunctions changed to "and" from "\&"

    96 %   - fixed bug with author labels in my.full.label: "et al." now is

    97 %        generated when "others" is an author name

    98 %   - major modification from Chicago Manual of Style (13th ed.) is that

    99 %     only the first author in a reference appears last name first-

   100 %     additional authors appear as J. Q. Public.

   101 %   - pages are listed as "pp. xx-xx" in all entry types except

   102 %     article entries. Unnecessary (IMHO) "()" around page numbers

   103 %     were removed, and page numbers now don't end with a period.

   104 %   - created chicago.sty for use with this bibstyle (required).

   105 %   - fixed bugs in FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages} for missing volume,

   106 %     number, and /or pages. Renamed to format.jour.vol.

   107 %   - fixed bug in formatting booktitles: additional period an error if

   108 %     book has a volume.

   109 %   - fixed bug: editors usually given redundant period before next clause

   110 %     (format.editors.dot) removed.

   111 %   - added label support for organizations, if both author and editor

   112 %     are missing (from alpha.bst). If organization is too long, then

   113 %     the key field is used for abbreviated citations.

   114 %   - In proceedings or books of several volumes, no comma was written

   115 %     between the "Volume x" and the page numbers (this was intentional

   116 %     in newapa.bst). Fixed.

   117 %   - Some journals may not have volumes/numbers, only month/year (eg.

   118 %     IEEE Computer). Fixed bug in article style that assumed volume/number

   119 %     was always present.

   120 %

   121 % Original documentation for newapa.sty:

   122 % =====================================

   123 %

   124 % This version was made by modifying the master file made by

   125 % Oren Patashnik (PATASHNIK@SCORE.STANFORD.EDU), and the 'named' BibTeX

   126 % style of Peter F. Patel-Schneider.

   127 %

   128 % Copyright (C) 1985, all rights reserved.

   129 % Copying of this file is authorized only if either

   130 % (1) you make absolutely no changes to your copy, including name, or

   131 % (2) if you do make changes, you name it something other than 'newapa.bst'.

   132 % There are undoubtably bugs in this style.  If you make bug fixes,

   133 % improvements, etc.  please let me know.  My e-mail address is:

   134 %    spencer@cgrg.ohio.state.edu or 71160.3141@compuserve.com

   135 %

   136 % This style was made from 'plain.bst', 'named.bst', and 'apalike.bst',

   137 % with lots of tweaking to make it look like APA style, along with tips

   138 % from Young Ryu and Brian Reiser's modifications of 'apalike.bst'.

   139 

   140 ENTRY

   141   { address

   142     author

   143     booktitle

   144     chapter

   145     city	% jtb: added

   146     date	% jtb: added

   147     edition

   148     editor

   149     howpublished

   150     institution

   151     journal

   152     key

   153     month

   154     note

   155     number

   156     organization

   157     pages

   158     publisher

   159     school

   160     series

   161     title

   162     type

   163     volume

   164     year

   165   }

   166   {}

   167   { label.year extra.label sort.year sort.label }

   168 

   169 INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }

   170 

   171 FUNCTION {init.state.consts}

   172 { #0 'before.all :=

   173   #1 'mid.sentence :=

   174   #2 'after.sentence :=

   175   #3 'after.block :=

   176 }

   177 

   178 STRINGS { s t u }

   179 

   180 FUNCTION {output.nonnull}

   181 { 's :=

   182   output.state mid.sentence =

   183     { ", " * write$ }

   184     { output.state after.block =

   185     { add.period$ write$

   186       newline$

   187       "\newblock " write$

   188     }

   189     { output.state before.all =

   190         'write$

   191         { add.period$ " " * write$ }

   192       if$

   193     }

   194       if$

   195       mid.sentence 'output.state :=

   196     }

   197   if$

   198   s

   199 }

   200 

   201 % Use a colon to separate output. Used only for address/publisher

   202 % combination in book/inbook types, address/institution for manuals,

   203 % and organization:publisher for proceedings (inproceedings).

   204 %

   205 FUNCTION {output.nonnull.colon}

   206 { 's :=

   207   output.state mid.sentence =

   208     { ": " * write$ }

   209     { output.state after.block =

   210     { add.period$ write$

   211       newline$

   212       "\newblock " write$

   213     }

   214     { output.state before.all =

   215         'write$

   216         { add.period$ " " * write$ }

   217       if$

   218     }

   219       if$

   220       mid.sentence 'output.state :=

   221     }

   222   if$

   223   s

   224 }

   225 

   226 FUNCTION {output}

   227 { duplicate$ empty$

   228     'pop$

   229     'output.nonnull

   230   if$

   231 }

   232 

   233 FUNCTION {output.colon}

   234 { duplicate$ empty$

   235     'pop$

   236     'output.nonnull.colon

   237   if$

   238 }

   239 

   240 FUNCTION {output.check}

   241 { 't :=

   242   duplicate$ empty$

   243     { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }

   244     'output.nonnull

   245   if$

   246 }

   247 

   248 FUNCTION {output.check.colon}

   249 { 't :=

   250   duplicate$ empty$

   251     { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }

   252     'output.nonnull.colon

   253   if$

   254 }

   255 

   256 FUNCTION {output.year.check}

   257 { year empty$

   258      { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }

   259      { write$

   260         " " year * extra.label *

   261        mid.sentence 'output.state :=

   262      }

   263   if$

   264 }

   265 

   266 

   267 FUNCTION {fin.entry}

   268 { add.period$

   269   write$

   270   newline$

   271 }

   272 

   273 FUNCTION {new.block}

   274 { output.state before.all =

   275     'skip$

   276     { after.block 'output.state := }

   277   if$

   278 }

   279 

   280 FUNCTION {new.sentence}

   281 { output.state after.block =

   282     'skip$

   283     { output.state before.all =

   284     'skip$

   285     { after.sentence 'output.state := }

   286       if$

   287     }

   288   if$

   289 }

   290 

   291 FUNCTION {not}

   292 {   { #0 }

   293     { #1 }

   294   if$

   295 }

   296 

   297 FUNCTION {and}

   298 {   'skip$

   299     { pop$ #0 }

   300   if$

   301 }

   302 

   303 FUNCTION {or}

   304 {   { pop$ #1 }

   305     'skip$

   306   if$

   307 }

   308 

   309 FUNCTION {new.block.checka}

   310 { empty$

   311     'skip$

   312     'new.block

   313   if$

   314 }

   315 

   316 FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}

   317 { empty$

   318   swap$ empty$

   319   and

   320     'skip$

   321     'new.block

   322   if$

   323 }

   324 

   325 FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}

   326 { empty$

   327     'skip$

   328     'new.sentence

   329   if$

   330 }

   331 

   332 FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}

   333 { empty$

   334   swap$ empty$

   335   and

   336     'skip$

   337     'new.sentence

   338   if$

   339 }

   340 

   341 FUNCTION {field.or.null}

   342 { duplicate$ empty$

   343     { pop$ "" }

   344     'skip$

   345   if$

   346 }

   347 

   348 %

   349 % Emphasize the top string on the stack.

   350 %

   351 FUNCTION {emphasize}

   352 { duplicate$ empty$

   353     { pop$ "" }

   354     { "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }

   355   if$

   356 }

   357 

   358 %

   359 % Emphasize the top string on the stack, but add a trailing space.

   360 %

   361 FUNCTION {emphasize.space}

   362 { duplicate$ empty$

   363     { pop$ "" }

   364     { "{\em " swap$ * "\/}" * }

   365   if$

   366 }

   367 

   368 %

   369 % Emphasize the top string on stack, add a trailing comma and space.

   370 %

   371 FUNCTION {emphasize.comma}

   372 { duplicate$ empty$

   373     { pop$ "" }

   374     { "{\em " swap$ * ",\/}" * }

   375   if$

   376 }

   377 

   378 INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }

   379 %

   380 % Format bibliographical entries with the first author last name first,

   381 % and subsequent authors with initials followed by last name.

   382 % All names are formatted in this routine.

   383 %

   384 

   385 FUNCTION {format.names}

   386 { 's :=

   387   #1 'nameptr :=               % nameptr = 1;

   388   s num.names$ 'numnames :=    % numnames = num.name$(s);

   389   numnames 'namesleft :=

   390     { namesleft #0 > }

   391 

   392     { nameptr #1 =

   393         {"{\sc " s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f.}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := }

   394         {"{\sc " s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f.}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := }

   395       if$

   396       nameptr #1 >

   397         { namesleft #1 >

   398               { ", " * t * }

   399               { numnames #2 >

   400                   { "," * }

   401                   'skip$

   402                 if$

   403                 t "{\sc others}" =

   404                     { " {\sc et~al\mbox{.}}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems

   405                     { " {\sc and} " * t * } % from Chicago Manual of Style

   406                   if$

   407                }

   408                if$

   409              }

   410             't

   411         if$

   412         nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=          % nameptr += 1;

   413         namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=      % namesleft =- 1;

   414     }

   415   while$

   416 }

   417 

   418 FUNCTION {my.full.label}

   419 { 's :=

   420   #1 'nameptr :=               % nameptr = 1;

   421   s num.names$ 'numnames :=    % numnames = num.name$(s);

   422   numnames 'namesleft :=

   423     { namesleft #0 > }

   424 

   425     { s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ 't :=  % get the next name

   426       nameptr #1 >

   427         { namesleft #1 >

   428               { ", " * t * }

   429               { numnames #2 >

   430                   { "," * }

   431                   'skip$

   432                 if$

   433                 t "others" =

   434                     { " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems

   435                     { " and " * t * } % from Chicago Manual of Style

   436                   if$

   437                }

   438                if$

   439              }

   440             't

   441         if$

   442         nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=          % nameptr += 1;

   443         namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=      % namesleft =- 1;

   444     }

   445   while$

   446 

   447 }

   448 

   449 FUNCTION {format.names.fml}

   450 %

   451 % Format names in "familiar" format, with first initial followed by

   452 % last name. Like format.names, ALL names are formatted.

   453 % jtb: The names are NOT put in small caps

   454 %

   455 { 's :=

   456   #1 'nameptr :=               % nameptr = 1;

   457   s num.names$ 'numnames :=    % numnames = num.name$(s);

   458   numnames 'namesleft :=

   459     { namesleft #0 > }

   460 

   461     { "{" s nameptr "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ * "}" * 't :=

   462 

   463       nameptr #1 >

   464         { namesleft #1 >

   465               { ", " * t * }

   466                { numnames #2 >

   467                     { "," * }

   468                     'skip$

   469                   if$

   470                   t "{others}" =

   471                         { " {et~al\mbox{.}}" * }

   472                         { " {and} " * t * }

   473 %                       { " {\&} " * t * }

   474                       if$

   475                 }

   476                if$

   477              }

   478             't

   479         if$

   480         nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=          % nameptr += 1;

   481         namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=      % namesleft =- 1;

   482     }

   483   while$

   484 }

   485 

   486 FUNCTION {format.authors}

   487 { author empty$

   488     { "" }

   489     { author format.names add.period$} % jtb: add period if none before

   490   if$

   491 }

   492 

   493 FUNCTION {format.key}

   494 { empty$

   495     { key field.or.null }

   496     { "" }

   497   if$

   498 }

   499 

   500 %

   501 % Format editor names for use in the "in" types: inbook, incollection,

   502 % inproceedings: first initial, then last names. When editors are the

   503 % LABEL for an entry, then format.editor is used which lists editors

   504 % by last name first.

   505 %

   506 FUNCTION {format.editors.fml}

   507 { editor empty$

   508     { "" }

   509     { editor format.names.fml

   510       editor num.names$ #1 >

   511     { ", Eds." * }	% jtb: removed parentheses

   512     { ", Ed." * }	% jtb: removed parentheses

   513       if$

   514     }

   515   if$

   516 }

   517 

   518 %

   519 % Format editor names for use in labels, last names first.

   520 %

   521 FUNCTION {format.editors}

   522 { editor empty$

   523     { "" }

   524     { editor format.names

   525       editor num.names$ #1 >

   526     { ", Eds." * }	% jtb: removed parentheses

   527     { ", Ed." * }	% jtb: removed parentheses

   528       if$

   529     }

   530   if$

   531 }

   532 

   533 FUNCTION {format.title}

   534 { title empty$

   535     { "" }

   536     { title "t" change.case$ }

   537   if$

   538 }

   539 

   540 % Note that the APA style requres case changes

   541 % in article titles. The following does not

   542 % change cases. If you perfer it, uncomment the

   543 % following and comment out the above.

   544 

   545 %FUNCTION {format.title}

   546 %{ title empty$

   547 %    { "" }

   548 %    { title }

   549 %  if$

   550 %}

   551 

   552 FUNCTION {n.dashify}

   553 { 't :=

   554   ""

   555     { t empty$ not }

   556     { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =

   557     { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not

   558         { "--" *

   559           t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=

   560         }

   561         {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }

   562         { "-" *

   563           t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=

   564         }

   565           while$

   566         }

   567       if$

   568     }

   569     { t #1 #1 substring$ *

   570       t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=

   571     }

   572       if$

   573     }

   574   while$

   575 }

   576 

   577 FUNCTION {format.btitle}

   578 { edition empty$

   579   { title emphasize }

   580   { title empty$

   581     { title emphasize } % jtb: what is this supposed to do ?!?

   582     { "{\em " title * "\/}, " * edition * " ed." * } % jtb: no parens for ed.

   583     if$

   584   }

   585   if$

   586 }

   587 

   588 FUNCTION {format.emphasize.booktitle}

   589 { edition empty$

   590   { booktitle emphasize }

   591   { booktitle empty$

   592     { booktitle emphasize } % jtb: what is this supposed to do ?!?

   593     { "{\em " booktitle * "\/}, " * edition * " ed." * } % jtb: no ()s for ed.

   594     if$

   595     }

   596   if$

   597   }

   598 

   599 % jtb: if the preceding string (the title of the conference) is non-empty,

   600 % jtb: append the location, otherwise leave empty (so as to trigger the

   601 % jtb: error message in output.check

   602 FUNCTION {format.city}

   603 { duplicate$ empty$

   604   { }

   605   { city empty$

   606      { date empty$

   607        { }

   608        { " (" * date * ")" * }

   609        if$

   610      }

   611      { date empty$

   612        { " (" * city * ")" * }

   613        { " (" * city * ", " * date * ")" * }

   614        if$

   615      }

   616      if$

   617   }

   618   if$

   619 }

   620 

   621 FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}

   622 { duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <

   623     { "~" }

   624     { " " }

   625   if$

   626   swap$ * *

   627 }

   628 

   629 FUNCTION {either.or.check}

   630 { empty$

   631     'pop$

   632     { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }

   633   if$

   634 }

   635 

   636 % jtb: If there is a series, this is added and the volume trails after it.

   637 % jtb: Otherwise, "Vol" is Capitalized.

   638 FUNCTION {format.bvolume}

   639 { volume empty$

   640     { "" }

   641     { series empty$

   642         { "Vol." volume tie.or.space.connect}

   643         { series ", " * "vol." volume tie.or.space.connect *}

   644       if$

   645       "volume and number" number either.or.check

   646     }

   647   if$

   648 }

   649 

   650 FUNCTION {format.number.series}

   651 { volume empty$

   652     { number empty$

   653     { series field.or.null }

   654     { output.state mid.sentence =

   655         { "Number" } % gnp - changed to mixed case always

   656         { "Number" }

   657       if$

   658       number tie.or.space.connect

   659       series empty$

   660         { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }

   661         { " in " * series * }

   662       if$

   663     }

   664       if$

   665     }

   666     { "" }

   667   if$

   668 }

   669 

   670 INTEGERS { multiresult }

   671 

   672 FUNCTION {multi.page.check}

   673 { 't :=

   674   #0 'multiresult :=

   675     { multiresult not

   676       t empty$ not

   677       and

   678     }

   679     { t #1 #1 substring$

   680       duplicate$ "-" =

   681       swap$ duplicate$ "," =

   682       swap$ "+" =

   683       or or

   684     { #1 'multiresult := }

   685     { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }

   686       if$

   687     }

   688   while$

   689   multiresult

   690 }

   691 

   692 FUNCTION {format.pages}

   693 { pages empty$

   694   { "" }

   695   { pages multi.page.check

   696 	{ pages n.dashify } % gnp - removed () % jtb: removed pp.

   697 	{ pages }

   698     if$

   699   }

   700   if$

   701 }

   702 

   703 % By Young (and Spencer)

   704 % GNP - fixed bugs with missing volume, number, and/or pages

   705 %

   706 % Format journal, volume, number, pages for article types.

   707 %

   708 FUNCTION {format.jour.vol}

   709 { journal empty$

   710     { "no journal in " cite$ * warning$

   711       "" }

   712     { journal emphasize.space }

   713     if$

   714   number empty$

   715     { volume empty$

   716        { "no number and no volume in " cite$ * warning$

   717          "" * }

   718        { "~{\em " * Volume * "}" * }

   719       if$

   720     }

   721     { volume empty$

   722       {"no volume for " cite$ * warning$

   723        "~" * number * }

   724       { "~" *

   725         volume emphasize.comma

   726         "~" * number * * }

   727       if$

   728      month empty$

   729      {} 

   730      {" (" * month * ")" *} 

   731      if$

   732     }

   733   if$

   734   pages empty$

   735     {"page numbers missing in " cite$ * warning$

   736      "" * } % gnp - place a null string on the stack for output

   737     { duplicate$ empty$

   738       { pop$ format.pages }

   739       { ", " *  pages n.dashify * } % gnp - removed pp. for articles

   740       if$

   741     }

   742   if$

   743 }

   744 

   745 FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}

   746 { chapter empty$

   747     'format.pages

   748     { type empty$

   749         { "Chapter" } % gnp - changed to mixed case

   750         { type "t" change.case$ }

   751       if$

   752       chapter tie.or.space.connect

   753       pages empty$

   754         {"page numbers missing in " cite$ * warning$} % gnp - added check

   755         { ", " * format.pages * }

   756       if$

   757     }

   758   if$

   759 }

   760 

   761 % jtb: format for collections or proceedings not appearing in a journal

   762 FUNCTION {format.in.emphasize.booktitle}

   763 { booktitle empty$

   764   { "" }

   765   { "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * }

   766   if$

   767 }

   768 

   769 % jtb: format for proceedings appearing in a journal

   770 FUNCTION {format.in.booktitle}

   771 { booktitle empty$

   772   { "" }

   773   { "In " booktitle * }

   774   if$

   775 }

   776 

   777 FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}

   778 { booktitle empty$

   779   { "" }

   780   { editor empty$

   781     { "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * }

   782 		% jtb: swapped editor location

   783     { "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * ", " * format.editors.fml * }

   784     if$

   785   }

   786   if$

   787 }

   788 

   789 FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}

   790 { type empty$ 

   791     'skip$

   792 %   {pop$

   793    {{ "" }

   794    type "t" change.case$}

   795   if$

   796 }

   797 

   798 FUNCTION {format.tr.number}

   799 { type empty$

   800     { "Tech. Rep." }

   801     'type

   802   if$

   803   number empty$

   804     { "t" change.case$ }

   805     { number tie.or.space.connect }

   806   if$

   807 }

   808 

   809 FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}

   810 { "See"

   811   "\citeN{" * crossref * "}" *

   812 }

   813 

   814 FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}

   815 { editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$

   816   editor num.names$ duplicate$

   817   #2 >

   818     { pop$ " et~al\mbox{.}" * }		% jrh: avoid spacing problems

   819     { #2 <

   820     'skip$

   821     { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =

   822         { " et~al\mbox{.}" * }		% jrh: avoid spacing problems

   823         { " and " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }

   824       if$

   825     }

   826       if$

   827     }

   828   if$

   829 }

   830 

   831 FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}

   832 { volume empty$

   833     { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$

   834       "In "

   835     }

   836     { "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect % gnp - changed to mixed case

   837       " of " *

   838     }

   839   if$

   840   editor empty$

   841   editor field.or.null author field.or.null =

   842   or

   843     { key empty$

   844     { series empty$

   845         { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *

   846           crossref * warning$

   847           "" *

   848         }

   849         { "{\em " * series * "\/}" * }

   850       if$

   851     }

   852     { key * }

   853       if$

   854     }

   855     { format.crossref.editor * }

   856   if$

   857   " \citeN{" * crossref * "}" *

   858 }

   859 

   860 FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}

   861 { "See"

   862   " \citeN{" * crossref * "}" *

   863 }

   864 

   865 % format.lab.names:

   866 %

   867 % determines "short" names for the abbreviated author information.

   868 % "Long" labels are created in calc.label, using the routine my.full.label

   869 % to format author and editor fields.

   870 %

   871 % There are 4 cases for labels.   (n=3 in the example)

   872 % a) one author             Foo

   873 % b) one to n               Foo, Bar and Baz

   874 % c) use of "and others"    Foo, Bar et al.

   875 % d) more than n            Foo et al.

   876 %

   877 FUNCTION {format.lab.names}

   878 { 's :=

   879   s num.names$ 'numnames :=

   880   numnames #2 >    % change number to number of others allowed before

   881 		   % forcing "et al".

   882     { s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: \mbox{} added

   883     {

   884       numnames #1 - 'namesleft :=

   885       #2 'nameptr :=

   886       s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$

   887 	{ namesleft #0 > }

   888 	{ nameptr numnames =

   889 	    { s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =

   890 		{ " et~al\mbox{.}" * }		% jrh: avoid spacing problems

   891 		{ " and " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }

   892 	      if$

   893 	    }

   894 	    { ", " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }

   895 	  if$

   896 	  nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=

   897 	  namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=

   898 	}

   899       while$

   900     }

   901   if$

   902 }

   903 

   904 FUNCTION {author.key.label}

   905 { author empty$

   906     { key empty$

   907           { "no key, author in " cite$ * warning$

   908             cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }

   909          'key

   910       if$

   911     }

   912     { author format.lab.names }

   913   if$

   914 }

   915 

   916 FUNCTION {editor.key.label}

   917 { editor empty$

   918     { key empty$

   919           { "no key, editor in " cite$ * warning$

   920             cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }

   921           'key

   922         if$

   923      }

   924      { editor format.lab.names }

   925   if$

   926 }

   927 

   928 FUNCTION {author.key.organization.label}

   929 %

   930 % added - gnp. Provide label formatting by organization if author is null.

   931 %

   932 { author empty$

   933     { organization empty$

   934 	{ key empty$

   935 	    { "no key, author or organization in " cite$ * warning$

   936               cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }

   937 	    'key

   938 	  if$

   939 	}

   940         { organization }

   941       if$

   942     }

   943     { author format.lab.names }

   944   if$

   945 }

   946 

   947 FUNCTION {editor.key.organization.label}

   948 %

   949 % added - gnp. Provide label formatting by organization if editor is null.

   950 %

   951 { editor empty$

   952     { organization empty$

   953 	{ key empty$

   954 	    { "no key, editor or organization in " cite$ * warning$

   955               cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }

   956 	    'key

   957 	  if$

   958 	}

   959         { organization }

   960       if$

   961     }

   962     { editor format.lab.names }

   963   if$

   964 }

   965 

   966 FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}

   967 { author empty$

   968     { editor empty$

   969           { key empty$

   970                { "no key, author, or editor in " cite$ * warning$

   971                  cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }

   972              'key

   973            if$

   974          }

   975           { editor format.lab.names }

   976       if$

   977     }

   978     { author format.lab.names }

   979   if$

   980 }

   981 

   982 FUNCTION {calc.label}

   983 %

   984 % Changed - GNP. See also author.organization.sort, editor.organization.sort

   985 % Form label for BibTeX entry. The classification of which fields are used

   986 % for which type of entry (book, inbook, etc.) are taken from alpha.bst.

   987 % The change here from newapa is to also include organization as a

   988 % citation label if author or editor is missing.

   989 %

   990 { type$ "book" =

   991   type$ "inbook" =

   992   or

   993     'author.editor.key.label

   994     { type$ "proceedings" =

   995 	'editor.key.organization.label

   996 	{ type$ "manual" =

   997 	    'author.key.organization.label

   998 	    'author.key.label

   999 	  if$

  1000 	}

  1001       if$

  1002     }

  1003   if$

  1004 

  1005   author empty$  % generate the full label citation information.

  1006     { editor empty$

  1007         { organization empty$

  1008            { "no author, editor, or organization in " cite$ * warning$

  1009              "??" }

  1010            { organization }

  1011            if$

  1012         }

  1013         { editor my.full.label }

  1014         if$

  1015     }

  1016     { author my.full.label }

  1017   if$

  1018 

  1019 % leave label on the stack, to be popped when required.

  1020 

  1021   "}{" * swap$ * "}{" *

  1022 %  year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ *

  1023 %

  1024 % save the year for sort processing afterwards (adding a, b, c, etc.)

  1025 %

  1026   year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$

  1027   'label.year :=

  1028 }

  1029 

  1030 FUNCTION {output.bibitem}

  1031 { newline$

  1032 

  1033   "\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{" write$

  1034   calc.label write$

  1035   sort.year write$

  1036   "}]{" write$

  1037 

  1038   cite$ write$

  1039   "}" write$

  1040   newline$

  1041   ""

  1042   before.all 'output.state :=

  1043 }

  1044 

  1045 FUNCTION {article}

  1046 { output.bibitem

  1047   format.authors

  1048   "author" output.check

  1049   author format.key output          % added

  1050   output.year.check                 % added

  1051   new.block

  1052   format.title

  1053   "title" output.check

  1054   new.block

  1055   crossref missing$

  1056     { format.jour.vol output

  1057     }

  1058     { format.article.crossref output.nonnull

  1059       format.pages output

  1060     }

  1061   if$

  1062   new.block

  1063   note output

  1064   fin.entry

  1065 }

  1066 

  1067 FUNCTION {book}

  1068 { output.bibitem

  1069   author empty$

  1070     { format.editors

  1071 	  "author and editor" output.check }

  1072     { format.authors

  1073 	  output.nonnull

  1074       crossref missing$

  1075     	{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }

  1076     	'skip$

  1077       if$

  1078     }

  1079   if$

  1080   output.year.check       % added

  1081   new.block

  1082   format.btitle

  1083   "title" output.check

  1084   crossref missing$

  1085     { new.sentence		% jtb: start a new sentence for series/volume

  1086       format.bvolume output

  1087       new.block

  1088       format.number.series output

  1089       new.sentence

  1090       publisher "publisher" output.check

  1091       address "address" output.check	% jtb: require address

  1092     }

  1093     { new.block

  1094       format.book.crossref output.nonnull

  1095     }

  1096   if$

  1097   new.block

  1098   note output

  1099   fin.entry

  1100 }

  1101 

  1102 FUNCTION {booklet}

  1103 { output.bibitem

  1104   format.authors output

  1105   author format.key output          % added

  1106   output.year.check                 % added

  1107   new.block

  1108   format.title

  1109   "title" output.check

  1110   new.block

  1111   howpublished output

  1112   address output

  1113   new.block

  1114   note output

  1115   fin.entry

  1116 }

  1117 

  1118 FUNCTION {inbook}

  1119 { output.bibitem

  1120   author empty$

  1121     { format.editors

  1122       "author and editor" output.check

  1123     }

  1124     { format.authors output.nonnull

  1125       crossref missing$

  1126     { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }

  1127     'skip$

  1128       if$

  1129     }

  1130   if$

  1131   output.year.check                 % added

  1132   new.block

  1133   format.btitle

  1134   "title" output.check

  1135   crossref missing$