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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<HEAD>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<TITLE>2014/15 BSc Projects</TITLE>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<BASE HREF="http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/">
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="striper.js"></script>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="nominal.css">
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<script type="text/javascript" src="https://c328740.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML">
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</script>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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</HEAD>
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<BODY TEXT="#000000"
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VLINK="#51188E"
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ALINK="#FF0000"
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ONLOAD="striper('ul','striped','li','first,second')">
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<TABLE WIDTH="100%"
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BGCOLOR="#4169E1"
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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BORDER="0"
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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FRAME="border"
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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CELLPADDING="10"
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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CELLSPACING="2"
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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RULES="all">
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<TR>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<TD BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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WIDTH="75%"
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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VALIGN="TOP">
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<H2>2014/15 BSc Projects</H2>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<H4>Supervisor: Christian Urban</H4>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<H4>Email: christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk, Office: Strand Building S1.27</H4>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<H4>If you are interested in a project, please send me an email and we can discuss details. Please include
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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a short description about your programming skills and Computer Science background in your first email.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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I will also need your King's username in order to book the project for you. Thanks.</H4>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<H4>Note that besides being a lecturer at the theoretical end of Computer Science, I am also a passionate
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_(programmer_subculture)">hacker</A> …
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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defined as “a person who enjoys exploring the details of programmable systems and
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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stretching their capabilities, as opposed to most users, who prefer to learn only the minimum
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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necessary.” I am always happy to supervise like-minded students.</H4>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<ul class="striped">
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<li> <H4>[CU1] Regular Expression Matching and Partial Derivatives</H4>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<B>Description:</b>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression">Regular expressions</A>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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are extremely useful for many text-processing tasks such as finding patterns in texts,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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lexing programs, syntax highlighting and so on. Given that regular expressions were
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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introduced in 1950 by <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Cole_Kleene">Stephen Kleene</A>,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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you might think regular expressions have since been studied and implemented to death. But you would definitely be
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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mistaken: in fact they are still an active research area. For example
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.home.hs-karlsruhe.de/~suma0002/publications/ppdp12-part-deriv-sub-match.pdf">this paper</A>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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about regular expression matching and partial derivatives was presented last summer at the international
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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PPDP'12 conference. They even work on a followup paper that has not yet been presented at any
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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conference. The task in this project is to implement their results.</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<p>The background for this project is that some regular expressions are
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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“<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReDoS#Examples">evil</A>”
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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and can “stab you in the back” according to
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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this <A HREF="http://tech.blog.cueup.com/regular-expressions-will-stab-you-in-the-back">blog post</A>.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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For example, if you use in <A HREF="http://www.python.org">Python</A> or
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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in <A HREF="http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/">Ruby</A> (probably also other mainstream programming languages) the
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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innocently looking regular expression <code>a?{28}a{28}</code> and match it, say, against the string
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<code>aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa</code> (that is 28 <code>a</code>s), you will soon notice that your CPU usage goes to 100%. In fact,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Python and Ruby need approximately 30 seconds of hard work for matching this string. You can try it for yourself:
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.dcs.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/cgi-bin/repos.cgi/afl-material/raw-file/tip/progs/re.py">re.py</A> (Python version) and
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 72
<A HREF="http://www.dcs.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/cgi-bin/repos.cgi/afl-material/raw-file/tip/progs/re.rb">re.rb</A>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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(Ruby version). You can imagine an attacker
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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mounting a nice <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack">DoS attack</A> against
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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your program if it contains such an “evil” regular expression. Actually
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A> (and also Java) are almost immune from such
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 77
attacks as they can deal with strings of up to 4,300 <code>a</code>s in less than a second. But if you scale
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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the regular expression and string further to, say, 4,600 <code>a</code>s, then you get a <code>StackOverflowError</code>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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potentially crashing your program.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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On a rainy afternoon, I implemented
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.dcs.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/cgi-bin/repos.cgi/afl-material/raw-file/tip/progs/re3.scala">this</A>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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regular expression matcher in Scala. It is not as fast as the official one in Scala, but
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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it can match up to 11,000 <code>a</code>s in less than 5 seconds without raising any exception
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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(remember Python and Ruby both need nearly 30 seconds to process 28(!) <code>a</code>s, and Scala's
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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official matcher maxes out at 4,600 <code>a</code>s). My matcher is approximately
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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85 lines of code and based on the concept of
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/2293">derivatives of regular expressions</A>.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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These derivatives were introduced in 1964 by <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janusz_Brzozowski_(computer_scientist)">
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Janusz Brzozowski</A>, but according to this
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~so294/documents/jfp09.pdf">paper</A> had been lost in the “sands of time”.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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The advantage of derivatives is that they side-step completely the usual
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://hackingoff.com/compilers/regular-expression-to-nfa-dfa">translations</A> of regular expressions
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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into NFAs or DFAs, which can introduce the exponential behaviour exhibited by the regular
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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expression matchers in Python and Ruby.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 101
Now the authors from the
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.home.hs-karlsruhe.de/~suma0002/publications/ppdp12-part-deriv-sub-match.pdf">PPDP'12-paper</A> mentioned
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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above claim they are even faster than me and can deal with even more features of regular expressions
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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(for example subexpression matching, which my rainy-afternoon matcher cannot). I am sure they thought
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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about the problem much longer than a single afternoon. The task
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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in this project is to find out how good they actually are by implementing the results from their paper.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Their approach is based on the concept of partial derivatives introduced in 1994 by
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.56.2509&rep=rep1&type=pdf">Valentin Antimirov</A>.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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I used them once myself in a <A HREF="http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/Publications/rexp.pdf">paper</A>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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in order to prove the <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myhill–Nerode_theorem">Myhill-Nerode theorem</A>.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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So I know they are worth their money. Still, it would be interesting to actually compare their results
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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with my simple rainy-afternoon matcher and potentially “blow away” the regular expression matchers
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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in Python and Ruby (and possibly in Scala too).
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<B>Literature:</B>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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The place to start with this project is obviously this
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.home.hs-karlsruhe.de/~suma0002/publications/ppdp12-part-deriv-sub-match.pdf">paper</A>.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Traditional methods for regular expression matching are explained
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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in the Wikipedia articles
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFA_minimization">here</A> and
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powerset_construction">here</A>.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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The authoritative <A HREF="http://infolab.stanford.edu/~ullman/ialc.html">book</A>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 125
on automata and regular expressions is by John Hopcroft and Jeffrey Ullmann (available in the library).
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 126
There is also an online course about this topic by Ullman at
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="https://www.coursera.org/course/automata">Coursera</A>, though IMHO not
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 128
done with love.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 129
Finally, there are millions of other pointers about regular expression
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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matching on the Web. I found the chapter on Lexing in this
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.diku.dk/~torbenm/Basics/">online book</A> very helpful.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 132
Test cases for “<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReDoS#Examples">evil</A>”
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 133
regular expressions can be obtained from <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReDoS#Examples">here</A>.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 135
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 136
<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 137
<B>Skills:</B>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 138
This is a project for a student with an interest in theory and some
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 139
reasonable programming skills. The project can be easily implemented
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 140
in functional languages like
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 141
<A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A>,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 142
F#,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 143
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_ML">ML</A>,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 144
<A HREF="http://haskell.org/haskellwiki/Haskell">Haskell</A>, etc. Python and other non-functional languages
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 145
can be also used, but seem much less convenient.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<li> <H4>[CU2] A Compiler for a Programming Language</H4>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 151
<b>Description:</b>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 152
Compilers translate high-level programs that humans can read and write into
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 153
efficient machine code that can be run on a CPU or virtual machine.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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A compiler for a simple functional language generating X86 code is described
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="https://github.com/chameco/Shade">here</A>.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 156
I recently implemented a very simple compiler for an even simpler functional
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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programming language following this
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~dpw/papers/tal-toplas.pdf">paper</A>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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(also described <A HREF="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~dpw/papers/tal-tr.pdf">here</A>).
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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My code, written in <A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A>, of this compiler is
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<A HREF="http://www.dcs.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/compiler.scala">here</A>.
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The compiler can deal with simple programs involving natural numbers, such
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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as Fibonacci numbers or factorial (but it can be easily extended - that is not the point).
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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While the hard work has been done (understanding the two papers above),
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my compiler only produces some idealised machine code. For example I
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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assume there are infinitely many registers. The goal of this
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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project is to generate machine code that is more realistic and can
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run on a CPU, like X86, or run on a virtual machine, say the JVM.
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This gives probably a speedup of thousand times in comparison to
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my naive machine code and virtual machine. The project
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requires to dig into the literature about real CPUs and generating
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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real machine code.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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An alternative is to not generate machine code, but build a compiler that compiles to
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<A HREF="http://www.w3schools.com/js/">JavaScript</A>. This is the language that is supported by most
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browsers and therefore is a favourite
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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vehicle for Web-programming. Some call it <B>the</B> scripting language of the Web.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Unfortunately, JavaScript is probably one of the worst
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languages to program in (being designed and released in a hurry). <B>But</B> it can be used as a convenient target
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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for translating programs from other languages. In particular there are two
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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very optimised subsets of JavaScript that can be used for this purpose:
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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one is <A HREF="http://asmjs.org">asm.js</A> and the other is
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<A HREF="https://github.com/kripken/emscripten/wiki">emscripten</A>.
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There is a <A HREF="https://github.com/kripken/emscripten/wiki/Tutorial">tutorial</A> for emscripten
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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and an impressive <A HREF="http://www.unrealengine.com/html5/">demo</A> which runs the
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unreal_Engine">Unreal Engine 3</A>
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in a browser with spectacular speed. This was achieved by compiling the
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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C-code of the Unreal Engine to the LLVM intermediate language and then translating the LLVM
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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code to JavaScript.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<B>Literature:</B>
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There is a lot of literature about compilers
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(for example <A HREF="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~appel/papers/cwc.html">this book</A> -
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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I can lend you my copy for the duration of the project, or this
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<A HREF="http://www.diku.dk/~torbenm/Basics/">online book</A>). A very good overview article
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about implementing compilers by
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<A HREF="http://tratt.net/laurie/">Laurie Tratt</A> is
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<A HREF="http://tratt.net/laurie/tech_articles/articles/how_difficult_is_it_to_write_a_compiler">here</A>.
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An online book about the Art of Assembly Language is
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<A HREF="http://flint.cs.yale.edu/cs422/doc/art-of-asm/pdf/">here</A>.
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An introduction into x86 machine code is <A HREF="http://ianseyler.github.com/easy_x86-64/">here</A>.
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Intel's official manual for the x86 instruction is
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<A HREF="http://download.intel.com/design/intarch/manuals/24319101.pdf">here</A>.
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A simple assembler for the JVM is described <A HREF="http://jasmin.sourceforge.net">here</A>.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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An interesting twist of this project is to not generate code for a CPU, but
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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for the intermediate language of the <A HREF="http://llvm.org">LLVM</A> compiler
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(also described <A HREF="https://wiki.aalto.fi/display/t1065450/LLVM+IR">here</A> and
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<A HREF="http://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html">here</A>). If you want to see
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what machine code looks like you can compile your C-program using gcc -S.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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If JavaScript is chosen as a target instead, then there are plenty of <A HREF="http://www.w3schools.com/js/">tutorials</A> on the Web.
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<A HREF="http://jsbooks.revolunet.com">Here</A> is a list of free books on JavaScript.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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A project from which you can draw inspiration is this
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parents:
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<A HREF="http://jlongster.com/2012/01/04/outlet-my-lisp-to-javascript-experiment.html">List-to-JavaScript</A>
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translator. <A HREF="https://bitbucket.org/ktg/parenjs/overview">Here</A> is another such project.
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And <A HREF="https://github.com/viclib/liscript">another</A> in less than 100 lines of code.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoffeeScript">Coffeescript</A> is a similar project
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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except that it is already quite <A HREF="http://coffeescript.org">mature</A>. And finally not to
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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forget <A HREF="http://www.typescriptlang.org">TypeScript</A> developed by Microsoft. The main
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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difference between these projects and this one is that they translate into relatively high-level
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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JavaScript code; none of them use the much lower levels <A HREF="http://asmjs.org">asm.js</A> and
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="https://github.com/kripken/emscripten/wiki">emscripten</A>.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<B>Skills:</B>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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This is a project for a student with a deep interest in programming languages and
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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compilers. Since my compiler is implemented in <A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A>,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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it would make sense to continue this project in this language. I can be
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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of help with questions and books about <A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A>.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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But if Scala is a problem, my code can also be translated quickly into any other functional
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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language.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<B>PS:</B> Compiler projects, like this [CU2] and [CU3], consistently received high marks in the past.
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I suprvised four so far and none of them received a mark below 70% - one even was awarded a prize.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<li> <H4>[CU3] Language Translator into JavaScript</H4>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<b>Description:</b>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<A HREF="http://www.w3schools.com/js/">JavaScript</A> is a language that is supported by most
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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browsers and therefore is a favourite
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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vehicle for Web-programming. Some call it <B>the</B> scripting language of the Web.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 253
Unfortunately, JavaScript is probably one of the worst
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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languages to program in (being designed and released in a hurry). <B>But</B> it can be used as a convenient target
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 255
for translating programs from other languages. In particular there are two
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 256
very optimised subsets of JavaScript that can be used for this purpose:
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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one is <A HREF="http://asmjs.org">asm.js</A> and the other is
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="https://github.com/kripken/emscripten/wiki">emscripten</A>.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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There is a <A HREF="https://github.com/kripken/emscripten/wiki/Tutorial">tutorial</A> for emscripten
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 260
and an impressive <A HREF="http://www.unrealengine.com/html5/">demo</A> which runs the
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unreal_Engine">Unreal Engine 3</A>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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in a browser with spectacular speed. This was achieved by compiling the
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 263
C-code of the Unreal Engine to the LLVM intermediate language and then translating the LLVM
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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code to JavaScript.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 266
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<B>Skills:</B>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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This project is about exploring these two subsets of JavaScript and implement a translator
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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of a small language into them. This is similar to the project [CU2] above and requires
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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similar skills. In addition it would be good to have already some familiarity with JavaScript.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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There are plenty of <A HREF="http://www.w3schools.com/js/">tutorials</A> on the Web.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://jsbooks.revolunet.com">Here</A> is a list of free books on JavaScript.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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This is a project for a student who wants to get more familiar with JavaScript and Web-programming.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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A project from which you can draw inspiration is this
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://jlongster.com/2012/01/04/outlet-my-lisp-to-javascript-experiment.html">List-to-JavaScript</A>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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translator. <A HREF="https://bitbucket.org/ktg/parenjs/overview">Here</A> is another such project.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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And <A HREF="https://github.com/viclib/liscript">another</A> in less than 100 lines of code.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoffeeScript">Coffeescript</A> is a similar project
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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except that it is already quite <A HREF="http://coffeescript.org">mature</A>. And finally not to
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 281
forget <A HREF="http://www.typescriptlang.org">TypeScript</A> developed by Microsoft. The main
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 282
difference between these projects and this one is that they translate into relatively high-level
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 283
JavaScript code; none of them use the much lower levels <A HREF="http://asmjs.org">asm.js</A> and
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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<A HREF="https://github.com/kripken/emscripten/wiki">emscripten</A>.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<li> <H4>[CU4] Slide-Making in the Web-Age</H4>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 288
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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The standard technology for writing scientific papers in Computer Science is to use
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX">LaTeX</A>, a document preparation
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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system originally implemented by <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth">Donald Knuth</A>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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and <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Lamport">Leslie Lamport</A>.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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LaTeX produces very pleasantly looking documents, can deal nicely with mathematical
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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formulas and is very flexible. If you are interested, <A HREF="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Word_vs._LaTeX">here</A>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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is a side-by-side comparison between Word and LaTeX (which LaTeX “wins” with 18 out of 21 points).
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Computer scientists not only use LaTeX for documents,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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but also for slides (really, nobody who wants to be cool uses Keynote or Powerpoint).
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Although used widely, LaTeX seems nowadays a bit dated for producing
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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slides. Unlike documents, which are typically “static” and published in a book or journal,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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slides often contain changing contents that might first only be partially visible and
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 305
only later be revealed as the “story” of a talk or lecture demands.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 306
Also slides often contain animated algorithms where each state in the
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 307
calculation is best explained by highlighting the changing data.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 309
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 311
It seems HTML and JavaScript are much better suited for generating
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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such animated slides. This <A HREF="http://www.impressivewebs.com/html-slidedeck-toolkits/">page</A>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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links to 22 slide-generating programs using this combination of technologies.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.impressivewebs.com/html-slidedeck-toolkits/">Here</A> are even more such
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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projects. However, the problem with all of these project is that they depend heavily on the users being
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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able to write JavaScript, CCS or HTML...not something one would like to depend on given that
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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“normal” users likely only have a LaTeX background. The aim of this project is to invent a
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very simple language that is inspired by LaTeX and then generate from code written in this language
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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slides that can be displayed in a web-browser.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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This sounds complicated, but there is already some help available:
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.mathjax.org">Mathjax</A> is a JavaScript library that can
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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be used to display mathematical text, for example
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<blockquote>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<p>When \(a \ne 0\), there are two solutions to \(ax^2 + bx + c = 0\) and they are
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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\(x = {-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac} \over 2a}\).</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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</blockquote>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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by writing code in the familiar LaTeX-way. This can be reused. There are also plenty of JavaScript
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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libraries for graphical animations (for example
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://raphaeljs.com">Raphael</A>,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://svgjs.com">SVG.JS</A>,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://bonsaijs.org">Bonsaijs</A>,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://jsxgraph.uni-bayreuth.de/wp/">JSXGraph</A>). The inspiration for how the user should be able to write
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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slides could come from the LaTeX packages <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beamer_(LaTeX)">Beamer</A>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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and <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGF/TikZ">PGF/TikZ</A>.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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<B>Skills:</B>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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This is a project requires good knowledge of JavaScript. You need to be able to
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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parse a language and translate it to a suitable part of JavaScript using
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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appropriate libraries. Tutorials for JavaScript are <A HREF="http://www.w3schools.com/js/">here</A>.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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A parser generator for JavaScript is <A HREF="http://pegjs.majda.cz">here</A>. There are probably also
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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others.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<li> <H4>[CU5] An Online Student Voting System</H4>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 352
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 353
<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 354
<B>Description:</B>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 355
One of the more annoying aspects of giving a lecture is to ask a question
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 356
to the students and no matter how easy the question is to not
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 357
receive any answer. Recently, the online course system
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 358
<A HREF="http://www.udacity.com">Udacity</A> made an art out of
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 359
asking questions during lectures (see for example the
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 360
<A HREF="http://www.udacity.com/overview/Course/cs253/CourseRev/apr2012">Web Application Engineering</A>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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course CS253).
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 362
The lecturer there gives multiple-choice questions as part of the lecture and the students need to
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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click on the appropriate answer. This works very well in the online world.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 364
For “real-world” lectures, the department has some
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 365
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audience_response">clickers</A>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 366
(these are little devices which form a part of an audience response systems). However,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 367
they are a logistic nightmare for the lecturer: they need to be distributed
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 368
during the lecture and collected at the end. Nowadays, where students
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 369
come with their own laptop or smartphone to lectures, this can
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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+ − 370
be improved.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 371
</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 372
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 373
<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 374
The task of this project is to implement an online student
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 375
polling system. The lecturer should be able to prepare
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 376
questions beforehand (encoded as some web-form) and be able to
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 377
show them during the lecture. The students
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 378
can give their answers by clicking on the corresponding webpage.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 379
The lecturer can then collect the responses online and evaluate them
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 380
immediately. Such a system is sometimes called
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 381
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audience_response#Smartphone_.2F_HTTP_voting">HTML voting</A>.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 382
There are a number of commercial
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 383
solutions for this problem, but they are not easy to use (in addition
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 384
to being ridiculously expensive). A good student can easily improve upon
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 385
what they provide.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 386
</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 387
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 388
<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 389
The problem of student polling is not as hard as
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 390
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_voting">electronic voting</A>,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 391
which essentially is still an unsolved problem in Computer Science. The
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 392
students only need to be prevented from answering question more than once thus skewing
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 393
any statistics. Unlike electronic voting, no audit trail needs to be kept
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 394
for student polling. Restricting the number of answers can probably be solved
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 395
by setting appropriate cookies on the students
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 396
computers or smart phones.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 397
</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 398
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 399
<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 400
<B>Literature:</B>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 401
The project requires fluency in a web-programming language (for example
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 402
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript">Javascript</A>,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 403
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_(programming_language)">Go</A>,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 404
<A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A>). However JavaScript with
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 405
the <A HREF="http://nodejs.org">Node.js</A> extension seems to be best suited for the job.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 406
<A HREF="http://www.nodebeginner.org">Here</A> is a tutorial on Node.js for beginners.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 407
For web-programming the
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 408
<A HREF="http://www.udacity.com/overview/Course/cs253/CourseRev/apr2012">Web Application Engineering</A>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 409
course at <A HREF="http://www.udacity.com">Udacity</A> is a good starting point
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 410
to be aware of the issues involved. This course uses <A HREF="http://www.python.org">Python</A>.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 411
To evaluate the answers from the students, Google's
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 412
<A HREF="https://developers.google.com/chart/image/docs/making_charts">Chart Tools</A>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 413
might be useful, which is also described in this
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 414
<A HREF="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZtgT4jgnE8">youtube</A> video.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 415
</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 416
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 417
<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 418
<B>Skills:</B>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 419
In order to provide convenience for the lecturer, this project needs very good web-programming skills. A
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 420
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_(programmer_subculture)">hacker mentality</A>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 421
(see above) is probably very beneficial: web-programming is an area that only emerged recently and
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 422
many tools still lack maturity. You probably have to experiment a lot with several different
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 423
languages and tools.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 424
</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 425
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 426
<li> <H4>[CU6] An Infrastructure for Displaying and Animating Code in a Web-Browser</H4>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 427
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 428
<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 429
<B>Description:</B>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 430
The project aim is to implement an infrastructure for displaying and
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 431
animating code in a web-browser. The infrastructure should be agnostic
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 432
with respect to the programming language, but should be configurable.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 433
I envisage something smaller than the projects
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 434
<A HREF="http://www.pythontutor.com">here</A> (for Python),
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 435
<A HREF="http://ideone.com">here</A> (for Java),
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 436
<A HREF="http://codepad.org">here</A> (for multiple languages),
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 437
<A HREF="http://www.w3schools.com/html/tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_intro">here</A> (for HTML)
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 438
<A HREF="http://repl.it/languages/JavaScript">here</A> (for JavaScript),
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 439
and <A HREF="http://www.scala-tour.com/#/welcome">here</A> (for Scala).
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 440
</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 441
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 442
<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 443
The tasks in this project are being able (1) to lex and parse languages and (2) to write an interpreter.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 444
The goal is to implement this as much as possible in a language-agnostic fashion.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 445
</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 446
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 447
<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 448
<B>Skills:</B>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 449
Good skill in lexing and language parsing, as well as being fluent with web programming (for
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 450
example JavaScript).
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 451
</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 452
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 453
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 454
<li> <H4>[CU7] Implementation of a Distributed Clock-Synchronisation Algorithm developed at NASA</H4>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 455
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 456
<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 457
<B>Description:</B>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 458
There are many algorithms for synchronising clocks. This
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 459
<A HREF="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20120000054_2011025573.pdf">paper</A>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 460
describes a new algorithm for clocks that communicate by exchanging
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 461
messages and thereby reach a state in which (within some bound) all clocks are synchronised.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 462
A slightly longer and more detailed paper about the algorithm is
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 463
<A HREF="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110020812">here</A>.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 464
The point of this project is to implement this algorithm and simulate networks of clocks.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 465
</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 466
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 467
<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 468
<B>Literature:</B>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 469
There is a wide range of literature on clock synchronisation algorithms.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 470
Some pointers are given in this
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 471
<A HREF="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20120000054_2011025573.pdf">paper</A>,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 472
which describes the algorithm to be implemented in this project. Pointers
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 473
are given also <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_synchronization">here</A>.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 474
</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 475
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 476
<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 477
<B>Skills:</B>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 478
In order to implement a simulation of a network of clocks, you need to tackle
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 479
concurrency. You can do this for example in the programming language
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 480
<A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/">Scala</A> with the help of the
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 481
<A HREF="http://akka.io">Akka</a> library. This library enables you to send messages
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 482
between different <I>actors</I>. <A HREF="http://www.scala-lang.org/node/242">Here</A>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 483
are some examples that explain how to implement exchanging messages between actors.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 484
</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 485
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 486
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 487
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
changeset
+ − 488
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
diff
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+ − 489
<li> <H4>[CU8] Raspberry Pi's and Arduinos</H4>
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<B>Description:</B>
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This project is for true hackers! <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi">Raspberry Pi's</A>
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are small Linux computers the size of a credit-card and only cost £34 (see picture left below). They were introduced
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in 2012 and people went crazy...well some of them. There is a
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<A HREF="https://plus.google.com/communities/113390432655174294208?hl=en">Google+</A> community about Raspberry Pi's that has more
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than 150k of followers. It is hard to keep up with what people do with these small computers. The possibilities
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seem to be limitless. The main resource for Raspberry Pi's is <A HREF="http://www.raspberrypi.org">here</A>.
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There are <A HREF="http://www.themagpi.com">magazines</A> dedicated to them and tons of
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<A HREF="http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewforum.php?f=39">books</A> (not to mention
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floods of <A HREF="https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=raspberry+pi">online</A> material).
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Google just released a
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<A HREF="http://googlecreativelab.github.io/coder/">framework</A>
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for web-programming and for turning Raspberry Pi's into webservers.
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</p>
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<p>
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<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino">Arduinos</A> are slightly older (from 2005) but still very cool (see picture right below). They
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are small single-board micro-controllers that can talk to various external gadgets (sensors, motors, etc). Since Arduinos
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are open-software and open-hardware there are many clones and add-on boards. Like for the Raspberry Pi, there
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is a lot of material <A HREF="https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=arduino">available</A> about Arduinos.
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The main reference is <A HREF="http://www.arduino.cc">here</A>. Like the Raspberry Pi's, the good thing about
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Arduinos is that they can be powered with simple AA-batteries.
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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I have two such Raspberry Pi's including wifi-connectors and two <A HREF="http://www.raspberrypi.org/camera">cameras<A>.
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I also have two <A HREF="http://www.freaklabs.org/index.php/Blog/Store/Introducing-the-Freakduino-Chibi-An-Arduino-based-Board-For-Wireless-Sensor-Networking.html">Freakduino Boards</A> that are Arduinos extended with wireless communication. I can lend them to responsible
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students for one or two projects. However, the aim is to first come up with an idea for a project. Popular projects are
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automated temperature sensors, network servers, robots, web-cams (<A HREF="http://www.secretbatcave.co.uk/electronics/shard-rain-cam/">here</A>
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is a <A HREF="http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/3547">web-cam</A> directed at the Shard that can
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.secretbatcave.co.uk/software/shard-rain-cam-quantifying-cloudy/">tell</A>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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you whether it is raining or cloudy). There are plenty more ideas listed
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewforum.php?f=15">here</A> for Raspberry Pi's and
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://playground.arduino.cc/projects/ideas">here</A> for Arduinos.
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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There are essentially two kinds of projects: One is purely software-based. Software projects for Raspberry Pi's are often
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written in <A HREF="http://www.python.org">Python</A>, but since these are Linux-capable computers any other
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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language would do as well. You can also write your own operating system as done
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<A HREF="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/projects/raspberrypi/tutorials/os/">here</A>. For example the students
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<A HREF="http://www.recantha.co.uk/blog/?p=4918">here</A> developed their own bare-metal OS and then implemented
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a chess-program on top of it (have a look at their very impressive
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-03bouPsfEQ&feature=player_embedded">youtube</A> video).
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The other kind of project is a combination of hardware and software; usually attaching some sensors
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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or motors to the Raspberry Pi or Arduino. This might require some soldering or what is called
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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a <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadboard">bread-board</A>. But be careful before choosing a project
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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involving new hardware: these devices
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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can be destroyed (if “Vin connected to GND” or “drawing more than 30mA from a GPIO”
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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does not make sense to you, you should probably stay away from such a project).
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<center>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<img style="-webkit-user-select: none; cursor: -webkit-zoom-in;
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parents:
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"src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/RaspberryPi.jpg" width="313" height="209">
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<img style="-webkit-user-select: none; cursor: -webkit-zoom-in;
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parents:
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"src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Arduino_Uno_-_R3.jpg" width="240" height="209">
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parents:
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</center>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<B>Skills:</B>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Well, you must be a hacker; happy to make things. Your desk might look like this:
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<center>
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<img style="-webkit-user-select: none; cursor: -webkit-zoom-in;
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"src="http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/rpi-photo.jpg" width="209" height="313">
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</center>
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<li> <H4>[CU9] Proving the Correctness of Programs</H4>
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parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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I am one of the main developers of the interactive theorem prover
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<A HREF="http://isabelle.in.tum.de">Isabelle</A>. This theorem prover
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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has been used to establish the correctness of some quite large
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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programs (for example an <A HREF="http://ertos.nicta.com.au/research/l4.verified/">operating system</A>).
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Together with colleagues from Nanjing, I used this theorem prover to establish the correctness of a
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scheduling algorithm, called
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priority_inheritance">Priority Inheritance</A>,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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for real time operating systems. This scheduling algorithm is part of the operating
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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system that drives, for example, the
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover">Mars rovers</A>.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Actually, the very first Mars rover mission in 1997 did not have this
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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algorithm switched on and it almost caused a catastrophic mission failure (see
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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this youtube video <A HREF="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyx7kARrGeM">here</A>
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parents:
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for an explanation what happened).
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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We were able to prove the correctness of this algorithm, but were also able to
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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establish the correctness of some optimisations in this
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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<A HREF="http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/Publications/pip.pdf">paper</A>.
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parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<p>On a much smaller scale, there are a few small programs and underlying algorithms where it
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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is not really understood whether they always compute a correct result (for example the
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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regular expression matcher by Sulzmann and Lu in project [CU1]). The aim of this
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parents:
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project is to completely specify an algorithm in Isabelle and then prove it correct (that is,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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it always computes the correct result).
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<B>Skills:</B>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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This project is for a very good student with a knack for theoretical things and formal reasoning.
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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</p>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<li> <H4>Earlier Projects</H4>
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parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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I am also open to project suggestions from you. You might find some inspiration from my earlier projects:
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/bsc-projects-12.html">BSc 2012/13</A>,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/msc-projects-12.html">MSc 2012/13</A>,
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<A HREF="http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/bsc-projects-13.html">BSc 2013/14</A>
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</ul>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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</TD>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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</TR>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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</TABLE>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<P>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<!-- hhmts start --> Last modified: Mon Jul 28 11:19:49 BST 2014 <!-- hhmts end -->
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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<a href="http://validator.w3.org/check/referer">[Validate this page.]</a>
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parents:
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</BODY>
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
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</HTML>