Implementation.thy
author zhangx
Tue, 12 Jan 2016 08:35:36 +0800
changeset 68 db196b066b97
parent 65 633b1fc8631b
child 92 4763aa246dbd
child 95 8d2cc27f45f3
permissions -rw-r--r--
Before retrofiting PIPBasics.thy

section {*
  This file contains lemmas used to guide the recalculation of current precedence 
  after every system call (or system operation)
*}
theory Implementation
imports PIPBasics
begin

text {* (* ddd *)
  One beauty of our modelling is that we follow the definitional extension tradition of HOL.
  The benefit of such a concise and miniature model is that  large number of intuitively 
  obvious facts are derived as lemmas, rather than asserted as axioms.
*}

text {*
  However, the lemmas in the forthcoming several locales are no longer 
  obvious. These lemmas show how the current precedences should be recalculated 
  after every execution step (in our model, every step is represented by an event, 
  which in turn, represents a system call, or operation). Each operation is 
  treated in a separate locale.

  The complication of current precedence recalculation comes 
  because the changing of RAG needs to be taken into account, 
  in addition to the changing of precedence. 

  The reason RAG changing affects current precedence is that,
  according to the definition, current precedence 
  of a thread is the maximum of the precedences of every threads in its subtree, 
  where the notion of sub-tree in RAG is defined in RTree.thy.

  Therefore, for each operation, lemmas about the change of precedences 
  and RAG are derived first, on which lemmas about current precedence 
  recalculation are based on.
*}

section {* The @{term Set} operation *}

text {* (* ddd *)
  The following locale @{text "step_set_cps"} investigates the recalculation 
  after the @{text "Set"} operation.
*}
locale step_set_cps =
  fixes s' th prio s 
  -- {* @{text "s'"} is the system state before the operation *}
  -- {* @{text "s"} is the system state after the operation *}
  defines s_def : "s \<equiv> (Set th prio#s')" 
  -- {* @{text "s"} is assumed to be a legitimate state, from which
         the legitimacy of @{text "s"} can be derived. *}
  assumes vt_s: "vt s"

sublocale step_set_cps < vat_s : valid_trace "s"
proof
  from vt_s show "vt s" .
qed

sublocale step_set_cps < vat_s' : valid_trace "s'"
proof
  from step_back_vt[OF vt_s[unfolded s_def]] show "vt s'" .
qed

context step_set_cps 
begin

text {* (* ddd *)
  The following two lemmas confirm that @{text "Set"}-operation
  only changes the precedence of the initiating thread (or actor)
  of the operation (or event).
*}

lemma eq_preced:
  assumes "th' \<noteq> th"
  shows "preced th' s = preced th' s'"
proof -
  from assms show ?thesis 
    by (unfold s_def, auto simp:preced_def)
qed

lemma eq_the_preced: 
  assumes "th' \<noteq> th"
  shows "the_preced s th' = the_preced s' th'"
  using assms
  by (unfold the_preced_def, intro eq_preced, simp)

text {*
  The following lemma assures that the resetting of priority does not change the RAG. 
*}

lemma eq_dep: "RAG s = RAG s'"
  by (unfold s_def RAG_set_unchanged, auto)

text {* (* ddd *)
  Th following lemma @{text "eq_cp_pre"} says that the priority change of @{text "th"}
  only affects those threads, which as @{text "Th th"} in their sub-trees.
  
  The proof of this lemma is simplified by using the alternative definition 
  of @{text "cp"}. 
*}

lemma eq_cp_pre:
  assumes nd: "Th th \<notin> subtree (RAG s') (Th th')"
  shows "cp s th' = cp s' th'"
proof -
  -- {* After unfolding using the alternative definition, elements 
        affecting the @{term "cp"}-value of threads become explicit. 
        We only need to prove the following: *}
  have "Max (the_preced s ` {th'a. Th th'a \<in> subtree (RAG s) (Th th')}) =
        Max (the_preced s' ` {th'a. Th th'a \<in> subtree (RAG s') (Th th')})"
        (is "Max (?f ` ?S1) = Max (?g ` ?S2)")
  proof -
    -- {* The base sets are equal. *}
    have "?S1 = ?S2" using eq_dep by simp
    -- {* The function values on the base set are equal as well. *}
    moreover have "\<forall> e \<in> ?S2. ?f e = ?g e"
    proof
      fix th1
      assume "th1 \<in> ?S2"
      with nd have "th1 \<noteq> th" by (auto)
      from eq_the_preced[OF this]
      show "the_preced s th1 = the_preced s' th1" .
    qed
    -- {* Therefore, the image of the functions are equal. *}
    ultimately have "(?f ` ?S1) = (?g ` ?S2)" by (auto intro!:f_image_eq)
    thus ?thesis by simp
  qed
  thus ?thesis by (simp add:cp_alt_def)
qed

text {*
  The following lemma shows that @{term "th"} is not in the 
  sub-tree of any other thread. 
*}
lemma th_in_no_subtree:
  assumes "th' \<noteq> th"
  shows "Th th \<notin> subtree (RAG s') (Th th')"
proof -
  have "th \<in> readys s'"
  proof -
    from step_back_step [OF vt_s[unfolded s_def]]
    have "step s' (Set th prio)" .
    hence "th \<in> runing s'" by (cases, simp)
    thus ?thesis by (simp add:readys_def runing_def)
  qed
  from vat_s'.readys_in_no_subtree[OF this assms(1)]
  show ?thesis by blast
qed

text {* 
  By combining @{thm "eq_cp_pre"} and @{thm "th_in_no_subtree"}, 
  it is obvious that the change of priority only affects the @{text "cp"}-value 
  of the initiating thread @{text "th"}.
*}
lemma eq_cp:
  assumes "th' \<noteq> th"
  shows "cp s th' = cp s' th'"
  by (rule eq_cp_pre[OF th_in_no_subtree[OF assms]])

end

section {* The @{term V} operation *}

text {*
  The following @{text "step_v_cps"} is the locale for @{text "V"}-operation.
*}

locale step_v_cps =
  -- {* @{text "th"} is the initiating thread *}
  -- {* @{text "cs"} is the critical resource release by the @{text "V"}-operation *}
  fixes s' th cs s    -- {* @{text "s'"} is the state before operation*}
  defines s_def : "s \<equiv> (V th cs#s')" -- {* @{text "s"} is the state after operation*}
  -- {* @{text "s"} is assumed to be valid, which implies the validity of @{text "s'"} *}
  assumes vt_s: "vt s"

sublocale step_v_cps < vat_s : valid_trace "s"
proof
  from vt_s show "vt s" .
qed

sublocale step_v_cps < vat_s' : valid_trace "s'"
proof
  from step_back_vt[OF vt_s[unfolded s_def]] show "vt s'" .
qed

context step_v_cps
begin

lemma ready_th_s': "th \<in> readys s'"
  using step_back_step[OF vt_s[unfolded s_def]]
  by (cases, simp add:runing_def)

lemma ancestors_th: "ancestors (RAG s') (Th th) = {}"
proof -
  from vat_s'.readys_root[OF ready_th_s']
  show ?thesis
  by (unfold root_def, simp)
qed

lemma holding_th: "holding s' th cs"
proof -
  from vt_s[unfolded s_def]
  have " PIP s' (V th cs)" by (cases, simp)
  thus ?thesis by (cases, auto)
qed

lemma edge_of_th:
    "(Cs cs, Th th) \<in> RAG s'" 
proof -
 from holding_th
 show ?thesis 
    by (unfold s_RAG_def holding_eq, auto)
qed

lemma ancestors_cs: 
  "ancestors (RAG s') (Cs cs) = {Th th}"
proof -
  have "ancestors (RAG s') (Cs cs) = ancestors (RAG s') (Th th)  \<union>  {Th th}"
  proof(rule vat_s'.rtree_RAG.ancestors_accum)
    from vt_s[unfolded s_def]
    have " PIP s' (V th cs)" by (cases, simp)
    thus "(Cs cs, Th th) \<in> RAG s'" 
    proof(cases)
      assume "holding s' th cs"
      from this[unfolded holding_eq]
      show ?thesis by (unfold s_RAG_def, auto)
    qed
  qed
  from this[unfolded ancestors_th] show ?thesis by simp
qed

lemma preced_kept: "the_preced s = the_preced s'"
  by (auto simp: s_def the_preced_def preced_def)

end

text {*
  The following @{text "step_v_cps_nt"} is the sub-locale for @{text "V"}-operation, 
  which represents the case when there is another thread @{text "th'"}
  to take over the critical resource released by the initiating thread @{text "th"}.
*}
locale step_v_cps_nt = step_v_cps +
  fixes th'
  -- {* @{text "th'"} is assumed to take over @{text "cs"} *}
  assumes nt: "next_th s' th cs th'" 

context step_v_cps_nt
begin

text {*
  Lemma @{text "RAG_s"} confirms the change of RAG:
  two edges removed and one added, as shown by the following diagram.
*}

(*
  RAG before the V-operation
    th1 ----|
            |
    th' ----|
            |----> cs -----|
    th2 ----|              |
            |              |
    th3 ----|              |
                           |------> th
    th4 ----|              |
            |              |
    th5 ----|              |
            |----> cs'-----|
    th6 ----|
            |
    th7 ----|

 RAG after the V-operation
    th1 ----|
            |
            |----> cs ----> th'
    th2 ----|              
            |              
    th3 ----|              
                           
    th4 ----|              
            |              
    th5 ----|              
            |----> cs'----> th
    th6 ----|
            |
    th7 ----|
*)

lemma sub_RAGs': "{(Cs cs, Th th), (Th th', Cs cs)} \<subseteq> RAG s'"
                using next_th_RAG[OF nt]  .

lemma ancestors_th': 
  "ancestors (RAG s') (Th th') = {Th th, Cs cs}" 
proof -
  have "ancestors (RAG s') (Th th') = ancestors (RAG s') (Cs cs) \<union> {Cs cs}"
  proof(rule  vat_s'.rtree_RAG.ancestors_accum)
    from sub_RAGs' show "(Th th', Cs cs) \<in> RAG s'" by auto
  qed
  thus ?thesis using ancestors_th ancestors_cs by auto
qed

lemma RAG_s:
  "RAG s = (RAG s' - {(Cs cs, Th th), (Th th', Cs cs)}) \<union>
                                         {(Cs cs, Th th')}"
proof -
  from step_RAG_v[OF vt_s[unfolded s_def], folded s_def]
    and nt show ?thesis  by (auto intro:next_th_unique)
qed

lemma subtree_kept: (* ddd *)
  assumes "th1 \<notin> {th, th'}"
  shows "subtree (RAG s) (Th th1) = subtree (RAG s') (Th th1)" (is "_ = ?R")
proof -
  let ?RAG' = "(RAG s' - {(Cs cs, Th th), (Th th', Cs cs)})"
  let ?RAG'' = "?RAG' \<union> {(Cs cs, Th th')}"
  have "subtree ?RAG' (Th th1) = ?R" 
  proof(rule subset_del_subtree_outside)
    show "Range {(Cs cs, Th th), (Th th', Cs cs)} \<inter> subtree (RAG s') (Th th1) = {}"
    proof -
      have "(Th th) \<notin> subtree (RAG s') (Th th1)"
      proof(rule subtree_refute)
        show "Th th1 \<notin> ancestors (RAG s') (Th th)"
          by (unfold ancestors_th, simp)
      next
        from assms show "Th th1 \<noteq> Th th" by simp
      qed
      moreover have "(Cs cs) \<notin>  subtree (RAG s') (Th th1)"
      proof(rule subtree_refute)
        show "Th th1 \<notin> ancestors (RAG s') (Cs cs)"
          by (unfold ancestors_cs, insert assms, auto)
      qed simp
      ultimately have "{Th th, Cs cs} \<inter> subtree (RAG s') (Th th1) = {}" by auto
      thus ?thesis by simp
     qed
  qed
  moreover have "subtree ?RAG'' (Th th1) =  subtree ?RAG' (Th th1)"
  proof(rule subtree_insert_next)
    show "Th th' \<notin> subtree (RAG s' - {(Cs cs, Th th), (Th th', Cs cs)}) (Th th1)"
    proof(rule subtree_refute)
      show "Th th1 \<notin> ancestors (RAG s' - {(Cs cs, Th th), (Th th', Cs cs)}) (Th th')"
            (is "_ \<notin> ?R")
      proof -
          have "?R \<subseteq> ancestors (RAG s') (Th th')" by (rule ancestors_mono, auto)
          moreover have "Th th1 \<notin> ..." using ancestors_th' assms by simp
          ultimately show ?thesis by auto
      qed
    next
      from assms show "Th th1 \<noteq> Th th'" by simp
    qed
  qed
  ultimately show ?thesis by (unfold RAG_s, simp)
qed

lemma cp_kept:
  assumes "th1 \<notin> {th, th'}"
  shows "cp s th1 = cp s' th1"
    by (unfold cp_alt_def preced_kept subtree_kept[OF assms], simp)

end

locale step_v_cps_nnt = step_v_cps +
  assumes nnt: "\<And> th'. (\<not> next_th s' th cs th')"

context step_v_cps_nnt
begin

lemma RAG_s: "RAG s = RAG s' - {(Cs cs, Th th)}"
proof -
  from nnt and  step_RAG_v[OF vt_s[unfolded s_def], folded s_def]
  show ?thesis by auto
qed

lemma subtree_kept:
  assumes "th1 \<noteq> th"
  shows "subtree (RAG s) (Th th1) = subtree (RAG s') (Th th1)"
proof(unfold RAG_s, rule subset_del_subtree_outside)
  show "Range {(Cs cs, Th th)} \<inter> subtree (RAG s') (Th th1) = {}"
  proof -
    have "(Th th) \<notin> subtree (RAG s') (Th th1)"
    proof(rule subtree_refute)
      show "Th th1 \<notin> ancestors (RAG s') (Th th)"
          by (unfold ancestors_th, simp)
    next
      from assms show "Th th1 \<noteq> Th th" by simp
    qed
    thus ?thesis by auto
  qed
qed

lemma cp_kept_1:
  assumes "th1 \<noteq> th"
  shows "cp s th1 = cp s' th1"
    by (unfold cp_alt_def preced_kept subtree_kept[OF assms], simp)

lemma subtree_cs: "subtree (RAG s') (Cs cs) = {Cs cs}"
proof -
  { fix n
    have "(Cs cs) \<notin> ancestors (RAG s') n"
    proof
      assume "Cs cs \<in> ancestors (RAG s') n"
      hence "(n, Cs cs) \<in> (RAG s')^+" by (auto simp:ancestors_def)
      from tranclE[OF this] obtain nn where h: "(nn, Cs cs) \<in> RAG s'" by auto
      then obtain th' where "nn = Th th'"
        by (unfold s_RAG_def, auto)
      from h[unfolded this] have "(Th th', Cs cs) \<in> RAG s'" .
      from this[unfolded s_RAG_def]
      have "waiting (wq s') th' cs" by auto
      from this[unfolded cs_waiting_def]
      have "1 < length (wq s' cs)"
          by (cases "wq s' cs", auto)
      from holding_next_thI[OF holding_th this]
      obtain th' where "next_th s' th cs th'" by auto
      with nnt show False by auto
    qed
  } note h = this
  {  fix n
     assume "n \<in> subtree (RAG s') (Cs cs)"
     hence "n = (Cs cs)"
     by (elim subtreeE, insert h, auto)
  } moreover have "(Cs cs) \<in> subtree (RAG s') (Cs cs)"
      by (auto simp:subtree_def)
  ultimately show ?thesis by auto 
qed

lemma subtree_th: 
  "subtree (RAG s) (Th th) = subtree (RAG s') (Th th) - {Cs cs}"
proof(unfold RAG_s, fold subtree_cs, rule vat_s'.rtree_RAG.subtree_del_inside)
  from edge_of_th
  show "(Cs cs, Th th) \<in> edges_in (RAG s') (Th th)"
    by (unfold edges_in_def, auto simp:subtree_def)
qed

lemma cp_kept_2: 
  shows "cp s th = cp s' th" 
 by (unfold cp_alt_def subtree_th preced_kept, auto)

lemma eq_cp:
  shows "cp s th' = cp s' th'"
  using cp_kept_1 cp_kept_2
  by (cases "th' = th", auto)
end


locale step_P_cps =
  fixes s' th cs s 
  defines s_def : "s \<equiv> (P th cs#s')"
  assumes vt_s: "vt s"

sublocale step_P_cps < vat_s : valid_trace "s"
proof
  from vt_s show "vt s" .
qed

section {* The @{term P} operation *}

sublocale step_P_cps < vat_s' : valid_trace "s'"
proof
  from step_back_vt[OF vt_s[unfolded s_def]] show "vt s'" .
qed

context step_P_cps
begin

lemma readys_th: "th \<in> readys s'"
proof -
    from step_back_step [OF vt_s[unfolded s_def]]
    have "PIP s' (P th cs)" .
    hence "th \<in> runing s'" by (cases, simp)
    thus ?thesis by (simp add:readys_def runing_def)
qed

lemma root_th: "root (RAG s') (Th th)"
  using readys_root[OF readys_th] .

lemma in_no_others_subtree:
  assumes "th' \<noteq> th"
  shows "Th th \<notin> subtree (RAG s') (Th th')"
proof
  assume "Th th \<in> subtree (RAG s') (Th th')"
  thus False
  proof(cases rule:subtreeE)
    case 1
    with assms show ?thesis by auto
  next
    case 2
    with root_th show ?thesis by (auto simp:root_def)
  qed
qed

lemma preced_kept: "the_preced s = the_preced s'"
  by (auto simp: s_def the_preced_def preced_def)

end

locale step_P_cps_ne =step_P_cps +
  fixes th'
  assumes ne: "wq s' cs \<noteq> []"
  defines th'_def: "th' \<equiv> hd (wq s' cs)"

locale step_P_cps_e =step_P_cps +
  assumes ee: "wq s' cs = []"

context step_P_cps_e
begin

lemma RAG_s: "RAG s = RAG s' \<union> {(Cs cs, Th th)}"
proof -
  from ee and  step_RAG_p[OF vt_s[unfolded s_def], folded s_def]
  show ?thesis by auto
qed

lemma subtree_kept:
  assumes "th' \<noteq> th"
  shows "subtree (RAG s) (Th th') = subtree (RAG s') (Th th')"
proof(unfold RAG_s, rule subtree_insert_next)
  from in_no_others_subtree[OF assms] 
  show "Th th \<notin> subtree (RAG s') (Th th')" .
qed

lemma cp_kept: 
  assumes "th' \<noteq> th"
  shows "cp s th' = cp s' th'"
proof -
  have "(the_preced s ` {th'a. Th th'a \<in> subtree (RAG s) (Th th')}) =
        (the_preced s' ` {th'a. Th th'a \<in> subtree (RAG s') (Th th')})"
        by (unfold preced_kept subtree_kept[OF assms], simp)
  thus ?thesis by (unfold cp_alt_def, simp)
qed

end

context step_P_cps_ne 
begin

lemma RAG_s: "RAG s = RAG s' \<union> {(Th th, Cs cs)}"
proof -
  from step_RAG_p[OF vt_s[unfolded s_def]] and ne
  show ?thesis by (simp add:s_def)
qed

lemma cs_held: "(Cs cs, Th th') \<in> RAG s'"
proof -
  have "(Cs cs, Th th') \<in> hRAG s'"
  proof -
    from ne
    have " holding s' th' cs"
      by (unfold th'_def holding_eq cs_holding_def, auto)
    thus ?thesis 
      by (unfold hRAG_def, auto)
  qed
  thus ?thesis by (unfold RAG_split, auto)
qed

lemma tRAG_s: 
  "tRAG s = tRAG s' \<union> {(Th th, Th th')}"
  using RAG_tRAG_transfer[OF RAG_s cs_held] .

lemma cp_kept:
  assumes "Th th'' \<notin> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th)"
  shows "cp s th'' = cp s' th''"
proof -
  have h: "subtree (tRAG s) (Th th'') = subtree (tRAG s') (Th th'')"
  proof -
    have "Th th' \<notin> subtree (tRAG s') (Th th'')"
    proof
      assume "Th th' \<in> subtree (tRAG s') (Th th'')"
      thus False
      proof(rule subtreeE)
         assume "Th th' = Th th''"
         from assms[unfolded tRAG_s ancestors_def, folded this]
         show ?thesis by auto
      next
         assume "Th th'' \<in> ancestors (tRAG s') (Th th')"
         moreover have "... \<subseteq> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th')"
         proof(rule ancestors_mono)
            show "tRAG s' \<subseteq> tRAG s" by (unfold tRAG_s, auto)
         qed 
         ultimately have "Th th'' \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th')" by auto
         moreover have "Th th' \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th)"
           by (unfold tRAG_s, auto simp:ancestors_def)
         ultimately have "Th th'' \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th)"
                       by (auto simp:ancestors_def)
         with assms show ?thesis by auto
      qed
    qed
    from subtree_insert_next[OF this]
    have "subtree (tRAG s' \<union> {(Th th, Th th')}) (Th th'') = subtree (tRAG s') (Th th'')" .
    from this[folded tRAG_s] show ?thesis .
  qed
  show ?thesis by (unfold cp_alt_def1 h preced_kept, simp)
qed

lemma cp_gen_update_stop: (* ddd *)
  assumes "u \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th)"
  and "cp_gen s u = cp_gen s' u"
  and "y \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) u"
  shows "cp_gen s y = cp_gen s' y"
  using assms(3)
proof(induct rule:wf_induct[OF vat_s.fsbttRAGs.wf])
  case (1 x)
  show ?case (is "?L = ?R")
  proof -
    from tRAG_ancestorsE[OF 1(2)]
    obtain th2 where eq_x: "x = Th th2" by blast
    from vat_s.cp_gen_rec[OF this]
    have "?L = 
          Max ({the_preced s th2} \<union> cp_gen s ` RTree.children (tRAG s) x)" .
    also have "... = 
          Max ({the_preced s' th2} \<union> cp_gen s' ` RTree.children (tRAG s') x)"
  
    proof -
      from preced_kept have "the_preced s th2 = the_preced s' th2" by simp
      moreover have "cp_gen s ` RTree.children (tRAG s) x =
                     cp_gen s' ` RTree.children (tRAG s') x"
      proof -
        have "RTree.children (tRAG s) x =  RTree.children (tRAG s') x"
        proof(unfold tRAG_s, rule children_union_kept)
          have start: "(Th th, Th th') \<in> tRAG s"
            by (unfold tRAG_s, auto)
          note x_u = 1(2)
          show "x \<notin> Range {(Th th, Th th')}"
          proof
            assume "x \<in> Range {(Th th, Th th')}"
            hence eq_x: "x = Th th'" using RangeE by auto
            show False
            proof(cases rule:vat_s.rtree_s.ancestors_headE[OF assms(1) start])
              case 1
              from x_u[folded this, unfolded eq_x] vat_s.acyclic_tRAG
              show ?thesis by (auto simp:ancestors_def acyclic_def)
            next
              case 2
              with x_u[unfolded eq_x]
              have "(Th th', Th th') \<in> (tRAG s)^+" by (auto simp:ancestors_def)
              with vat_s.acyclic_tRAG show ?thesis by (auto simp:acyclic_def)
            qed
          qed
        qed
        moreover have "cp_gen s ` RTree.children (tRAG s) x =
                       cp_gen s' ` RTree.children (tRAG s) x" (is "?f ` ?A = ?g ` ?A")
        proof(rule f_image_eq)
          fix a
          assume a_in: "a \<in> ?A"
          from 1(2)
          show "?f a = ?g a"
          proof(cases rule:vat_s.rtree_s.ancestors_childrenE[case_names in_ch out_ch])
             case in_ch
             show ?thesis
             proof(cases "a = u")
                case True
                from assms(2)[folded this] show ?thesis .
             next
                case False
                have a_not_in: "a \<notin> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th)"
                proof
                  assume a_in': "a \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th)"
                  have "a = u"
                  proof(rule vat_s.rtree_s.ancestors_children_unique)
                    from a_in' a_in show "a \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th) \<inter> 
                                          RTree.children (tRAG s) x" by auto
                  next 
                    from assms(1) in_ch show "u \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th) \<inter> 
                                      RTree.children (tRAG s) x" by auto
                  qed
                  with False show False by simp
                qed
                from a_in obtain th_a where eq_a: "a = Th th_a" 
                    by (unfold RTree.children_def tRAG_alt_def, auto)
                from cp_kept[OF a_not_in[unfolded eq_a]]
                have "cp s th_a = cp s' th_a" .
                from this [unfolded cp_gen_def_cond[OF eq_a], folded eq_a]
                show ?thesis .
             qed
          next
            case (out_ch z)
            hence h: "z \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) u" "z \<in> RTree.children (tRAG s) x" by auto
            show ?thesis
            proof(cases "a = z")
              case True
              from h(2) have zx_in: "(z, x) \<in> (tRAG s)" by (auto simp:RTree.children_def)
              from 1(1)[rule_format, OF this h(1)]
              have eq_cp_gen: "cp_gen s z = cp_gen s' z" .
              with True show ?thesis by metis
            next
              case False
              from a_in obtain th_a where eq_a: "a = Th th_a"
                by (auto simp:RTree.children_def tRAG_alt_def)
              have "a \<notin> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th)"
              proof
                assume a_in': "a \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th)"
                have "a = z"
                proof(rule vat_s.rtree_s.ancestors_children_unique)
                  from assms(1) h(1) have "z \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th)"
                      by (auto simp:ancestors_def)
                  with h(2) show " z \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th) \<inter> 
                                       RTree.children (tRAG s) x" by auto
                next
                  from a_in a_in'
                  show "a \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th) \<inter> RTree.children (tRAG s) x"
                    by auto
                qed
                with False show False by auto
              qed
              from cp_kept[OF this[unfolded eq_a]]
              have "cp s th_a = cp s' th_a" .
              from this[unfolded cp_gen_def_cond[OF eq_a], folded eq_a]
              show ?thesis .
            qed
          qed
        qed
        ultimately show ?thesis by metis
      qed
      ultimately show ?thesis by simp
    qed
    also have "... = ?R"
      by (fold vat_s'.cp_gen_rec[OF eq_x], simp)
    finally show ?thesis .
  qed
qed

lemma cp_up:
  assumes "(Th th') \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th)"
  and "cp s th' = cp s' th'"
  and "(Th th'') \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th')"
  shows "cp s th'' = cp s' th''"
proof -
  have "cp_gen s (Th th'') = cp_gen s' (Th th'')"
  proof(rule cp_gen_update_stop[OF assms(1) _ assms(3)])
    from assms(2) cp_gen_def_cond[OF refl[of "Th th'"]]
    show "cp_gen s (Th th') = cp_gen s' (Th th')" by metis
  qed
  with cp_gen_def_cond[OF refl[of "Th th''"]]
  show ?thesis by metis
qed

end

section {* The @{term Create} operation *}

locale step_create_cps =
  fixes s' th prio s 
  defines s_def : "s \<equiv> (Create th prio#s')"
  assumes vt_s: "vt s"

sublocale step_create_cps < vat_s: valid_trace "s"
  by (unfold_locales, insert vt_s, simp)

sublocale step_create_cps < vat_s': valid_trace "s'"
  by (unfold_locales, insert step_back_vt[OF vt_s[unfolded s_def]], simp)

context step_create_cps
begin

lemma RAG_kept: "RAG s = RAG s'"
  by (unfold s_def RAG_create_unchanged, auto)

lemma tRAG_kept: "tRAG s = tRAG s'"
  by (unfold tRAG_alt_def RAG_kept, auto)

lemma preced_kept:
  assumes "th' \<noteq> th"
  shows "the_preced s th' = the_preced s' th'"
  by (unfold s_def the_preced_def preced_def, insert assms, auto)

lemma th_not_in: "Th th \<notin> Field (tRAG s')"
proof -
  from vt_s[unfolded s_def]
  have "PIP s' (Create th prio)" by (cases, simp)
  hence "th \<notin> threads s'" by(cases, simp)
  from vat_s'.not_in_thread_isolated[OF this]
  have "Th th \<notin> Field (RAG s')" .
  with tRAG_Field show ?thesis by auto
qed

lemma eq_cp:
  assumes neq_th: "th' \<noteq> th"
  shows "cp s th' = cp s' th'"
proof -
  have "(the_preced s \<circ> the_thread) ` subtree (tRAG s) (Th th') =
        (the_preced s' \<circ> the_thread) ` subtree (tRAG s') (Th th')"
  proof(unfold tRAG_kept, rule f_image_eq)
    fix a
    assume a_in: "a \<in> subtree (tRAG s') (Th th')"
    then obtain th_a where eq_a: "a = Th th_a" 
    proof(cases rule:subtreeE)
      case 2
      from ancestors_Field[OF 2(2)]
      and that show ?thesis by (unfold tRAG_alt_def, auto)
    qed auto
    have neq_th_a: "th_a \<noteq> th"
    proof -
      have "(Th th) \<notin> subtree (tRAG s') (Th th')"
      proof
        assume "Th th \<in> subtree (tRAG s') (Th th')"
        thus False
        proof(cases rule:subtreeE)
          case 2
          from ancestors_Field[OF this(2)]
          and th_not_in[unfolded Field_def]
          show ?thesis by auto
        qed (insert assms, auto)
      qed
      with a_in[unfolded eq_a] show ?thesis by auto
    qed
    from preced_kept[OF this]
    show "(the_preced s \<circ> the_thread) a = (the_preced s' \<circ> the_thread) a"
      by (unfold eq_a, simp)
  qed
  thus ?thesis by (unfold cp_alt_def1, simp)
qed

lemma children_of_th: "RTree.children (tRAG s) (Th th) = {}"
proof -
  { fix a
    assume "a \<in> RTree.children (tRAG s) (Th th)"
    hence "(a, Th th) \<in> tRAG s" by (auto simp:RTree.children_def)
    with th_not_in have False 
     by (unfold Field_def tRAG_kept, auto)
  } thus ?thesis by auto
qed

lemma eq_cp_th: "cp s th = preced th s"
 by (unfold vat_s.cp_rec children_of_th, simp add:the_preced_def)

end

locale step_exit_cps =
  fixes s' th prio s 
  defines s_def : "s \<equiv> Exit th # s'"
  assumes vt_s: "vt s"

sublocale step_exit_cps < vat_s: valid_trace "s"
  by (unfold_locales, insert vt_s, simp)

sublocale step_exit_cps < vat_s': valid_trace "s'"
  by (unfold_locales, insert step_back_vt[OF vt_s[unfolded s_def]], simp)

context step_exit_cps
begin

lemma preced_kept:
  assumes "th' \<noteq> th"
  shows "the_preced s th' = the_preced s' th'"
  by (unfold s_def the_preced_def preced_def, insert assms, auto)

lemma RAG_kept: "RAG s = RAG s'"
  by (unfold s_def RAG_exit_unchanged, auto)

lemma tRAG_kept: "tRAG s = tRAG s'"
  by (unfold tRAG_alt_def RAG_kept, auto)

lemma th_ready: "th \<in> readys s'"
proof -
  from vt_s[unfolded s_def]
  have "PIP s' (Exit th)" by (cases, simp)
  hence h: "th \<in> runing s' \<and> holdents s' th = {}" by (cases, metis)
  thus ?thesis by (unfold runing_def, auto)
qed

lemma th_holdents: "holdents s' th = {}"
proof -
 from vt_s[unfolded s_def]
  have "PIP s' (Exit th)" by (cases, simp)
  thus ?thesis by (cases, metis)
qed

lemma th_RAG: "Th th \<notin> Field (RAG s')"
proof -
  have "Th th \<notin> Range (RAG s')"
  proof
    assume "Th th \<in> Range (RAG s')"
    then obtain cs where "holding (wq s') th cs"
      by (unfold Range_iff s_RAG_def, auto)
    with th_holdents[unfolded holdents_def]
    show False by (unfold eq_holding, auto)
  qed
  moreover have "Th th \<notin> Domain (RAG s')"
  proof
    assume "Th th \<in> Domain (RAG s')"
    then obtain cs where "waiting (wq s') th cs"
      by (unfold Domain_iff s_RAG_def, auto)
    with th_ready show False by (unfold readys_def eq_waiting, auto)
  qed
  ultimately show ?thesis by (auto simp:Field_def)
qed

lemma th_tRAG: "(Th th) \<notin> Field (tRAG s')"
  using th_RAG tRAG_Field[of s'] by auto

lemma eq_cp:
  assumes neq_th: "th' \<noteq> th"
  shows "cp s th' = cp s' th'"
proof -
  have "(the_preced s \<circ> the_thread) ` subtree (tRAG s) (Th th') =
        (the_preced s' \<circ> the_thread) ` subtree (tRAG s') (Th th')"
  proof(unfold tRAG_kept, rule f_image_eq)
    fix a
    assume a_in: "a \<in> subtree (tRAG s') (Th th')"
    then obtain th_a where eq_a: "a = Th th_a" 
    proof(cases rule:subtreeE)
      case 2
      from ancestors_Field[OF 2(2)]
      and that show ?thesis by (unfold tRAG_alt_def, auto)
    qed auto
    have neq_th_a: "th_a \<noteq> th"
    proof -
      from vat_s'.readys_in_no_subtree[OF th_ready assms]
      have "(Th th) \<notin> subtree (RAG s') (Th th')" .
      with tRAG_subtree_RAG[of s' "Th th'"]
      have "(Th th) \<notin> subtree (tRAG s') (Th th')" by auto
      with a_in[unfolded eq_a] show ?thesis by auto
    qed
    from preced_kept[OF this]
    show "(the_preced s \<circ> the_thread) a = (the_preced s' \<circ> the_thread) a"
      by (unfold eq_a, simp)
  qed
  thus ?thesis by (unfold cp_alt_def1, simp)
qed

end

end