CpsG.thy~
author zhangx
Sat, 16 Jan 2016 10:59:03 +0800
changeset 77 d37703e0c5c4
parent 73 b0054fb0d1ce
child 79 8067efcb43da
permissions -rw-r--r--
CpsG.thy updated. It is a copy of PIPBasics.thy under drastic improvement.

theory CpsG
imports PIPDefs 
begin

lemma Max_f_mono:
  assumes seq: "A \<subseteq> B"
  and np: "A \<noteq> {}"
  and fnt: "finite B"
  shows "Max (f ` A) \<le> Max (f ` B)"
proof(rule Max_mono)
  from seq show "f ` A \<subseteq> f ` B" by auto
next
  from np show "f ` A \<noteq> {}" by auto
next
  from fnt and seq show "finite (f ` B)" by auto
qed

(* I am going to use this file as a start point to retrofiting 
   PIPBasics.thy, which is originally called CpsG.ghy *)

locale valid_trace = 
  fixes s
  assumes vt : "vt s"

lemma waiting_eq: "waiting s th cs = waiting (wq s) th cs"
  by  (unfold s_waiting_def cs_waiting_def wq_def, auto)

lemma holding_eq: "holding (s::state) th cs = holding (wq s) th cs"
  by (unfold s_holding_def wq_def cs_holding_def, simp)

thm s_waiting_def cs_waiting_def wq_def

locale valid_trace_e = valid_trace +
  fixes e
  assumes vt_e: "vt (e#s)"
begin

lemma pip_e: "PIP s e"
  using vt_e by (cases, simp)  

end

lemma runing_ready: 
  shows "runing s \<subseteq> readys s"
  unfolding runing_def readys_def
  by auto 

lemma readys_threads:
  shows "readys s \<subseteq> threads s"
  unfolding readys_def
  by auto

lemma wq_v_neq [simp]:
   "cs \<noteq> cs' \<Longrightarrow> wq (V thread cs#s) cs' = wq s cs'"
  by (auto simp:wq_def Let_def cp_def split:list.splits)

lemma runing_head:
  assumes "th \<in> runing s"
  and "th \<in> set (wq_fun (schs s) cs)"
  shows "th = hd (wq_fun (schs s) cs)"
  using assms
  by (simp add:runing_def readys_def s_waiting_def wq_def)

context valid_trace
begin

lemma actor_inv: 
  assumes "PIP s e"
  and "\<not> isCreate e"
  shows "actor e \<in> runing s"
  using assms
  by (induct, auto)


lemma isP_E:
  assumes "isP e"
  obtains cs where "e = P (actor e) cs"
  using assms by (cases e, auto)

lemma isV_E:
  assumes "isV e"
  obtains cs where "e = V (actor e) cs"
  using assms by (cases e, auto) 


lemma ind [consumes 0, case_names Nil Cons, induct type]:
  assumes "PP []"
     and "(\<And>s e. valid_trace s \<Longrightarrow> valid_trace (e#s) \<Longrightarrow>
                   PP s \<Longrightarrow> PIP s e \<Longrightarrow> PP (e # s))"
     shows "PP s"
proof(rule vt.induct[OF vt])
  from assms(1) show "PP []" .
next
  fix s e
  assume h: "vt s" "PP s" "PIP s e"
  show "PP (e # s)"
  proof(cases rule:assms(2))
    from h(1) show v1: "valid_trace s" by (unfold_locales, simp)
  next
    from h(1,3) have "vt (e#s)" by auto
    thus "valid_trace (e # s)" by (unfold_locales, simp)
  qed (insert h, auto)
qed

lemma wq_distinct: "distinct (wq s cs)"
proof(induct rule:ind)
  case (Cons s e)
  from Cons(4,3)
  show ?case 
  proof(induct)
    case (thread_P th s cs1)
    show ?case 
    proof(cases "cs = cs1")
      case True
      thus ?thesis (is "distinct ?L")
      proof - 
        have "?L = wq_fun (schs s) cs1 @ [th]" using True
          by (simp add:wq_def wf_def Let_def split:list.splits)
        moreover have "distinct ..."
        proof -
          have "th \<notin> set (wq_fun (schs s) cs1)"
          proof
            assume otherwise: "th \<in> set (wq_fun (schs s) cs1)"
            from runing_head[OF thread_P(1) this]
            have "th = hd (wq_fun (schs s) cs1)" .
            hence "(Cs cs1, Th th) \<in> (RAG s)" using otherwise
              by (simp add:s_RAG_def s_holding_def wq_def cs_holding_def)
            with thread_P(2) show False by auto
          qed
          moreover have "distinct (wq_fun (schs s) cs1)"
              using True thread_P wq_def by auto 
          ultimately show ?thesis by auto
        qed
        ultimately show ?thesis by simp
      qed
    next
      case False
      with thread_P(3)
      show ?thesis
        by (auto simp:wq_def wf_def Let_def split:list.splits)
    qed
  next
    case (thread_V th s cs1)
    thus ?case
    proof(cases "cs = cs1")
      case True
      show ?thesis (is "distinct ?L")
      proof(cases "(wq s cs)")
        case Nil
        thus ?thesis
          by (auto simp:wq_def wf_def Let_def split:list.splits)
      next
        case (Cons w_hd w_tl)
        moreover have "distinct (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set w_tl)"
        proof(rule someI2)
          from thread_V(3)[unfolded Cons]
          show  "distinct w_tl \<and> set w_tl = set w_tl" by auto
        qed auto
        ultimately show ?thesis
          by (auto simp:wq_def wf_def Let_def True split:list.splits)
      qed 
    next
      case False
      with thread_V(3)
      show ?thesis
        by (auto simp:wq_def wf_def Let_def split:list.splits)
    qed
  qed (insert Cons, auto simp: wq_def Let_def split:list.splits)
qed (unfold wq_def Let_def, simp)

end

context valid_trace_e
begin

text {*
  The following lemma shows that only the @{text "P"}
  operation can add new thread into waiting queues. 
  Such kind of lemmas are very obvious, but need to be checked formally.
  This is a kind of confirmation that our modelling is correct.
*}

lemma wq_in_inv: 
  assumes s_ni: "thread \<notin> set (wq s cs)"
  and s_i: "thread \<in> set (wq (e#s) cs)"
  shows "e = P thread cs"
proof(cases e)
  -- {* This is the only non-trivial case: *}
  case (V th cs1)
  have False
  proof(cases "cs1 = cs")
    case True
    show ?thesis
    proof(cases "(wq s cs1)")
      case (Cons w_hd w_tl)
      have "set (wq (e#s) cs) \<subseteq> set (wq s cs)"
      proof -
        have "(wq (e#s) cs) = (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set w_tl)"
          using  Cons V by (auto simp:wq_def Let_def True split:if_splits)
        moreover have "set ... \<subseteq> set (wq s cs)"
        proof(rule someI2)
          show "distinct w_tl \<and> set w_tl = set w_tl"
            by (metis distinct.simps(2) local.Cons wq_distinct)
        qed (insert Cons True, auto)
        ultimately show ?thesis by simp
      qed
      with assms show ?thesis by auto
    qed (insert assms V True, auto simp:wq_def Let_def split:if_splits)
  qed (insert assms V, auto simp:wq_def Let_def split:if_splits)
  thus ?thesis by auto
qed (insert assms, auto simp:wq_def Let_def split:if_splits)

lemma wq_out_inv: 
  assumes s_in: "thread \<in> set (wq s cs)"
  and s_hd: "thread = hd (wq s cs)"
  and s_i: "thread \<noteq> hd (wq (e#s) cs)"
  shows "e = V thread cs"
proof(cases e)
-- {* There are only two non-trivial cases: *}
  case (V th cs1)
  show ?thesis
  proof(cases "cs1 = cs")
    case True
    have "PIP s (V th cs)" using pip_e[unfolded V[unfolded True]] .
    thus ?thesis
    proof(cases)
      case (thread_V)
      moreover have "th = thread" using thread_V(2) s_hd
          by (unfold s_holding_def wq_def, simp)
      ultimately show ?thesis using V True by simp
    qed
  qed (insert assms V, auto simp:wq_def Let_def split:if_splits)
next
  case (P th cs1)
  show ?thesis
  proof(cases "cs1 = cs")
    case True
    with P have "wq (e#s) cs = wq_fun (schs s) cs @ [th]"
      by (auto simp:wq_def Let_def split:if_splits)
    with s_i s_hd s_in have False
      by (metis empty_iff hd_append2 list.set(1) wq_def) 
    thus ?thesis by simp
  qed (insert assms P, auto simp:wq_def Let_def split:if_splits)
qed (insert assms, auto simp:wq_def Let_def split:if_splits)

end


context valid_trace
begin
lemma  vt_moment: "\<And> t. vt (moment t s)"
proof(induct rule:ind)
  case Nil
  thus ?case by (simp add:vt_nil)
next
  case (Cons s e t)
  show ?case
  proof(cases "t \<ge> length (e#s)")
    case True
    from True have "moment t (e#s) = e#s" by simp
    thus ?thesis using Cons
      by (simp add:valid_trace_def)
  next
    case False
    from Cons have "vt (moment t s)" by simp
    moreover have "moment t (e#s) = moment t s"
    proof -
      from False have "t \<le> length s" by simp
      from moment_app [OF this, of "[e]"] 
      show ?thesis by simp
    qed
    ultimately show ?thesis by simp
  qed
qed
end


locale valid_moment = valid_trace + 
  fixes i :: nat

sublocale valid_moment < vat_moment: valid_trace "(moment i s)"
  by (unfold_locales, insert vt_moment, auto)

context valid_trace
begin


text {* (* ddd *)
  The nature of the work is like this: since it starts from a very simple and basic 
  model, even intuitively very `basic` and `obvious` properties need to derived from scratch.
  For instance, the fact 
  that one thread can not be blocked by two critical resources at the same time
  is obvious, because only running threads can make new requests, if one is waiting for 
  a critical resource and get blocked, it can not make another resource request and get 
  blocked the second time (because it is not running). 

  To derive this fact, one needs to prove by contraction and 
  reason about time (or @{text "moement"}). The reasoning is based on a generic theorem
  named @{text "p_split"}, which is about status changing along the time axis. It says if 
  a condition @{text "Q"} is @{text "True"} at a state @{text "s"},
  but it was @{text "False"} at the very beginning, then there must exits a moment @{text "t"} 
  in the history of @{text "s"} (notice that @{text "s"} itself is essentially the history 
  of events leading to it), such that @{text "Q"} switched 
  from being @{text "False"} to @{text "True"} and kept being @{text "True"}
  till the last moment of @{text "s"}.

  Suppose a thread @{text "th"} is blocked
  on @{text "cs1"} and @{text "cs2"} in some state @{text "s"}, 
  since no thread is blocked at the very beginning, by applying 
  @{text "p_split"} to these two blocking facts, there exist 
  two moments @{text "t1"} and @{text "t2"}  in @{text "s"}, such that 
  @{text "th"} got blocked on @{text "cs1"} and @{text "cs2"} 
  and kept on blocked on them respectively ever since.
 
  Without lost of generality, we assume @{text "t1"} is earlier than @{text "t2"}.
  However, since @{text "th"} was blocked ever since memonent @{text "t1"}, so it was still
  in blocked state at moment @{text "t2"} and could not
  make any request and get blocked the second time: Contradiction.
*}

lemma waiting_unique_pre: (* ddd *)
  assumes h11: "thread \<in> set (wq s cs1)"
  and h12: "thread \<noteq> hd (wq s cs1)"
  assumes h21: "thread \<in> set (wq s cs2)"
  and h22: "thread \<noteq> hd (wq s cs2)"
  and neq12: "cs1 \<noteq> cs2"
  shows "False"
proof -
  let "?Q" = "\<lambda> cs s. thread \<in> set (wq s cs) \<and> thread \<noteq> hd (wq s cs)"
  from h11 and h12 have q1: "?Q cs1 s" by simp
  from h21 and h22 have q2: "?Q cs2 s" by simp
  have nq1: "\<not> ?Q cs1 []" by (simp add:wq_def)
  have nq2: "\<not> ?Q cs2 []" by (simp add:wq_def)
  from p_split [of "?Q cs1", OF q1 nq1]
  obtain t1 where lt1: "t1 < length s"
    and np1: "\<not> ?Q cs1 (moment t1 s)"
    and nn1: "(\<forall>i'>t1. ?Q cs1 (moment i' s))" by auto
  from p_split [of "?Q cs2", OF q2 nq2]
  obtain t2 where lt2: "t2 < length s"
    and np2: "\<not> ?Q cs2 (moment t2 s)"
    and nn2: "(\<forall>i'>t2. ?Q cs2 (moment i' s))" by auto
  { fix s cs
    assume q: "?Q cs s"
    have "thread \<notin> runing s"
    proof
      assume "thread \<in> runing s"
      hence " \<forall>cs. \<not> (thread \<in> set (wq_fun (schs s) cs) \<and> 
                 thread \<noteq> hd (wq_fun (schs s) cs))"
        by (unfold runing_def s_waiting_def readys_def, auto)
      from this[rule_format, of cs] q 
      show False by (simp add: wq_def) 
    qed
  } note q_not_runing = this
  { fix t1 t2 cs1 cs2
    assume  lt1: "t1 < length s"
    and np1: "\<not> ?Q cs1 (moment t1 s)"
    and nn1: "(\<forall>i'>t1. ?Q cs1 (moment i' s))"
    and lt2: "t2 < length s"
    and np2: "\<not> ?Q cs2 (moment t2 s)"
    and nn2: "(\<forall>i'>t2. ?Q cs2 (moment i' s))"
    and lt12: "t1 < t2"
    let ?t3 = "Suc t2"
    from lt2 have le_t3: "?t3 \<le> length s" by auto
    from moment_plus [OF this] 
    obtain e where eq_m: "moment ?t3 s = e#moment t2 s" by auto
    have "t2 < ?t3" by simp
    from nn2 [rule_format, OF this] and eq_m
    have h1: "thread \<in> set (wq (e#moment t2 s) cs2)" and
         h2: "thread \<noteq> hd (wq (e#moment t2 s) cs2)" by auto
    have "vt (e#moment t2 s)"
    proof -
      from vt_moment 
      have "vt (moment ?t3 s)" .
      with eq_m show ?thesis by simp
    qed
    then interpret vt_e: valid_trace_e "moment t2 s" "e"
        by (unfold_locales, auto, cases, simp)
    have ?thesis
    proof -
      have "thread \<in> runing (moment t2 s)"
      proof(cases "thread \<in> set (wq (moment t2 s) cs2)")
        case True
        have "e = V thread cs2"
        proof -
          have eq_th: "thread = hd (wq (moment t2 s) cs2)" 
              using True and np2  by auto 
          from vt_e.wq_out_inv[OF True this h2]
          show ?thesis .
        qed
        thus ?thesis using vt_e.actor_inv[OF vt_e.pip_e] by auto
      next
        case False
        have "e = P thread cs2" using vt_e.wq_in_inv[OF False h1] .
        with vt_e.actor_inv[OF vt_e.pip_e]
        show ?thesis by auto
      qed
      moreover have "thread \<notin> runing (moment t2 s)"
        by (rule q_not_runing[OF nn1[rule_format, OF lt12]])
      ultimately show ?thesis by simp
    qed
  } note lt_case = this
  show ?thesis
  proof -
    { assume "t1 < t2"
      from lt_case[OF lt1 np1 nn1 lt2 np2 nn2 this]
      have ?thesis .
    } moreover {
      assume "t2 < t1"
      from lt_case[OF lt2 np2 nn2 lt1 np1 nn1 this]
      have ?thesis .
    } moreover {
      assume eq_12: "t1 = t2"
      let ?t3 = "Suc t2"
      from lt2 have le_t3: "?t3 \<le> length s" by auto
      from moment_plus [OF this] 
      obtain e where eq_m: "moment ?t3 s = e#moment t2 s" by auto
      have lt_2: "t2 < ?t3" by simp
      from nn2 [rule_format, OF this] and eq_m
      have h1: "thread \<in> set (wq (e#moment t2 s) cs2)" and
           h2: "thread \<noteq> hd (wq (e#moment t2 s) cs2)" by auto
      from nn1[rule_format, OF lt_2[folded eq_12]] eq_m[folded eq_12]
      have g1: "thread \<in> set (wq (e#moment t1 s) cs1)" and
           g2: "thread \<noteq> hd (wq (e#moment t1 s) cs1)" by auto
      have "vt (e#moment t2 s)"
      proof -
        from vt_moment 
        have "vt (moment ?t3 s)" .
        with eq_m show ?thesis by simp
      qed
      then interpret vt_e: valid_trace_e "moment t2 s" "e"
          by (unfold_locales, auto, cases, simp)
      have "e = V thread cs2 \<or> e = P thread cs2"
      proof(cases "thread \<in> set (wq (moment t2 s) cs2)")
        case True
        have "e = V thread cs2"
        proof -
          have eq_th: "thread = hd (wq (moment t2 s) cs2)" 
              using True and np2  by auto 
          from vt_e.wq_out_inv[OF True this h2]
          show ?thesis .
        qed
        thus ?thesis by auto
      next
        case False
        have "e = P thread cs2" using vt_e.wq_in_inv[OF False h1] .
        thus ?thesis by auto
      qed
      moreover have "e = V thread cs1 \<or> e = P thread cs1"
      proof(cases "thread \<in> set (wq (moment t1 s) cs1)")
        case True
        have eq_th: "thread = hd (wq (moment t1 s) cs1)" 
              using True and np1  by auto 
        from vt_e.wq_out_inv[folded eq_12, OF True this g2]
        have "e = V thread cs1" .
        thus ?thesis by auto
      next
        case False
        have "e = P thread cs1" using vt_e.wq_in_inv[folded eq_12, OF False g1] .
        thus ?thesis by auto
      qed
      ultimately have ?thesis using neq12 by auto
    } ultimately show ?thesis using nat_neq_iff by blast 
  qed
qed

text {*
  This lemma is a simple corrolary of @{text "waiting_unique_pre"}.
*}

lemma waiting_unique:
  assumes "waiting s th cs1"
  and "waiting s th cs2"
  shows "cs1 = cs2"
  using waiting_unique_pre assms
  unfolding wq_def s_waiting_def
  by auto

end

(* not used *)
text {*
  Every thread can only be blocked on one critical resource, 
  symmetrically, every critical resource can only be held by one thread. 
  This fact is much more easier according to our definition. 
*}
lemma held_unique:
  assumes "holding (s::event list) th1 cs"
  and "holding s th2 cs"
  shows "th1 = th2"
 by (insert assms, unfold s_holding_def, auto)


lemma last_set_lt: "th \<in> threads s \<Longrightarrow> last_set th s < length s"
  apply (induct s, auto)
  by (case_tac a, auto split:if_splits)

lemma last_set_unique: 
  "\<lbrakk>last_set th1 s = last_set th2 s; th1 \<in> threads s; th2 \<in> threads s\<rbrakk>
          \<Longrightarrow> th1 = th2"
  apply (induct s, auto)
  by (case_tac a, auto split:if_splits dest:last_set_lt)

lemma preced_unique : 
  assumes pcd_eq: "preced th1 s = preced th2 s"
  and th_in1: "th1 \<in> threads s"
  and th_in2: " th2 \<in> threads s"
  shows "th1 = th2"
proof -
  from pcd_eq have "last_set th1 s = last_set th2 s" by (simp add:preced_def)
  from last_set_unique [OF this th_in1 th_in2]
  show ?thesis .
qed
                      
lemma preced_linorder: 
  assumes neq_12: "th1 \<noteq> th2"
  and th_in1: "th1 \<in> threads s"
  and th_in2: " th2 \<in> threads s"
  shows "preced th1 s < preced th2 s \<or> preced th1 s > preced th2 s"
proof -
  from preced_unique [OF _ th_in1 th_in2] and neq_12 
  have "preced th1 s \<noteq> preced th2 s" by auto
  thus ?thesis by auto
qed

(* An aux lemma used later *) 
lemma unique_minus:
  assumes unique: "\<And> a b c. \<lbrakk>(a, b) \<in> r; (a, c) \<in> r\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> b = c"
  and xy: "(x, y) \<in> r"
  and xz: "(x, z) \<in> r^+"
  and neq: "y \<noteq> z"
  shows "(y, z) \<in> r^+"
proof -
 from xz and neq show ?thesis
 proof(induct)
   case (base ya)
   have "(x, ya) \<in> r" by fact
   from unique [OF xy this] have "y = ya" .
   with base show ?case by auto
 next
   case (step ya z)
   show ?case
   proof(cases "y = ya")
     case True
     from step True show ?thesis by simp
   next
     case False
     from step False
     show ?thesis by auto
   qed
 qed
qed

lemma unique_base:
  assumes unique: "\<And> a b c. \<lbrakk>(a, b) \<in> r; (a, c) \<in> r\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> b = c"
  and xy: "(x, y) \<in> r"
  and xz: "(x, z) \<in> r^+"
  and neq_yz: "y \<noteq> z"
  shows "(y, z) \<in> r^+"
proof -
  from xz neq_yz show ?thesis
  proof(induct)
    case (base ya)
    from xy unique base show ?case by auto
  next
    case (step ya z)
    show ?case
    proof(cases "y = ya")
      case True
      from True step show ?thesis by auto
    next
      case False
      from False step 
      have "(y, ya) \<in> r\<^sup>+" by auto
      with step show ?thesis by auto
    qed
  qed
qed

lemma unique_chain:
  assumes unique: "\<And> a b c. \<lbrakk>(a, b) \<in> r; (a, c) \<in> r\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> b = c"
  and xy: "(x, y) \<in> r^+"
  and xz: "(x, z) \<in> r^+"
  and neq_yz: "y \<noteq> z"
  shows "(y, z) \<in> r^+ \<or> (z, y) \<in> r^+"
proof -
  from xy xz neq_yz show ?thesis
  proof(induct)
    case (base y)
    have h1: "(x, y) \<in> r" and h2: "(x, z) \<in> r\<^sup>+" and h3: "y \<noteq> z" using base by auto
    from unique_base [OF _ h1 h2 h3] and unique show ?case by auto
  next
    case (step y za)
    show ?case
    proof(cases "y = z")
      case True
      from True step show ?thesis by auto
    next
      case False
      from False step have "(y, z) \<in> r\<^sup>+ \<or> (z, y) \<in> r\<^sup>+" by auto
      thus ?thesis
      proof
        assume "(z, y) \<in> r\<^sup>+"
        with step have "(z, za) \<in> r\<^sup>+" by auto
        thus ?thesis by auto
      next
        assume h: "(y, z) \<in> r\<^sup>+"
        from step have yza: "(y, za) \<in> r" by simp
        from step have "za \<noteq> z" by simp
        from unique_minus [OF _ yza h this] and unique
        have "(za, z) \<in> r\<^sup>+" by auto
        thus ?thesis by auto
      qed
    qed
  qed
qed

text {*
  The following three lemmas show that @{text "RAG"} does not change
  by the happening of @{text "Set"}, @{text "Create"} and @{text "Exit"}
  events, respectively.
*}

lemma RAG_set_unchanged: "(RAG (Set th prio # s)) = RAG s"
apply (unfold s_RAG_def s_waiting_def wq_def)
by (simp add:Let_def)

lemma RAG_create_unchanged: "(RAG (Create th prio # s)) = RAG s"
apply (unfold s_RAG_def s_waiting_def wq_def)
by (simp add:Let_def)

lemma RAG_exit_unchanged: "(RAG (Exit th # s)) = RAG s"
apply (unfold s_RAG_def s_waiting_def wq_def)
by (simp add:Let_def)

context valid_trace
begin

lemma finite_threads:
  shows "finite (threads s)"
using vt by (induct) (auto elim: step.cases)

lemma cp_eq_cpreced: "cp s th = cpreced (wq s) s th"
unfolding cp_def wq_def
apply(induct s rule: schs.induct)
thm cpreced_initial
apply(simp add: Let_def cpreced_initial)
apply(simp add: Let_def)
apply(simp add: Let_def)
apply(simp add: Let_def)
apply(subst (2) schs.simps)
apply(simp add: Let_def)
apply(subst (2) schs.simps)
apply(simp add: Let_def)
done

lemma RAG_target_th: "(Th th, x) \<in> RAG (s::state) \<Longrightarrow> \<exists> cs. x = Cs cs"
  by (unfold s_RAG_def, auto)

lemma wq_threads: 
  assumes h: "th \<in> set (wq s cs)"
  shows "th \<in> threads s"
proof -
 from vt and h show ?thesis
  proof(induct arbitrary: th cs)
    case (vt_cons s e)
    interpret vt_s: valid_trace s
      using vt_cons(1) by (unfold_locales, auto)
    assume ih: "\<And>th cs. th \<in> set (wq s cs) \<Longrightarrow> th \<in> threads s"
      and stp: "step s e"
      and vt: "vt s"
      and h: "th \<in> set (wq (e # s) cs)"
    show ?case
    proof(cases e)
      case (Create th' prio)
      with ih h show ?thesis
        by (auto simp:wq_def Let_def)
    next
      case (Exit th')
      with stp ih h show ?thesis
        apply (auto simp:wq_def Let_def)
        apply (ind_cases "step s (Exit th')")
        apply (auto simp:runing_def readys_def s_holding_def s_waiting_def holdents_def
               s_RAG_def s_holding_def cs_holding_def)
        done
    next
      case (V th' cs')
      show ?thesis
      proof(cases "cs' = cs")
        case False
        with h
        show ?thesis
          apply(unfold wq_def V, auto simp:Let_def V split:prod.splits, fold wq_def)
          by (drule_tac ih, simp)
      next
        case True
        from h
        show ?thesis
        proof(unfold V wq_def)
          assume th_in: "th \<in> set (wq_fun (schs (V th' cs' # s)) cs)" (is "th \<in> set ?l")
          show "th \<in> threads (V th' cs' # s)"
          proof(cases "cs = cs'")
            case False
            hence "?l = wq_fun (schs s) cs" by (simp add:Let_def)
            with th_in have " th \<in> set (wq s cs)" 
              by (fold wq_def, simp)
            from ih [OF this] show ?thesis by simp
          next
            case True
            show ?thesis
            proof(cases "wq_fun (schs s) cs'")
              case Nil
              with h V show ?thesis
                apply (auto simp:wq_def Let_def split:if_splits)
                by (fold wq_def, drule_tac ih, simp)
            next
              case (Cons a rest)
              assume eq_wq: "wq_fun (schs s) cs' = a # rest"
              with h V show ?thesis
                apply (auto simp:Let_def wq_def split:if_splits)
              proof -
                assume th_in: "th \<in> set (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest)"
                have "set (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) = set rest" 
                proof(rule someI2)
                  from vt_s.wq_distinct[of cs'] and eq_wq[folded wq_def]
                  show "distinct rest \<and> set rest = set rest" by auto
                next
                  show "\<And>x. distinct x \<and> set x = set rest \<Longrightarrow> set x = set rest"
                    by auto
                qed
                with eq_wq th_in have "th \<in> set (wq_fun (schs s) cs')" by auto
                from ih[OF this[folded wq_def]] show "th \<in> threads s" .
              next
                assume th_in: "th \<in> set (wq_fun (schs s) cs)"
                from ih[OF this[folded wq_def]]
                show "th \<in> threads s" .
              qed
            qed
          qed
        qed
      qed
    next
      case (P th' cs')
      from h stp
      show ?thesis
        apply (unfold P wq_def)
        apply (auto simp:Let_def split:if_splits, fold wq_def)
        apply (auto intro:ih)
        apply(ind_cases "step s (P th' cs')")
        by (unfold runing_def readys_def, auto)
    next
      case (Set thread prio)
      with ih h show ?thesis
        by (auto simp:wq_def Let_def)
    qed
  next
    case vt_nil
    thus ?case by (auto simp:wq_def)
  qed
qed

lemma dm_RAG_threads:
  assumes in_dom: "(Th th) \<in> Domain (RAG s)"
  shows "th \<in> threads s"
proof -
  from in_dom obtain n where "(Th th, n) \<in> RAG s" by auto
  moreover from RAG_target_th[OF this] obtain cs where "n = Cs cs" by auto
  ultimately have "(Th th, Cs cs) \<in> RAG s" by simp
  hence "th \<in> set (wq s cs)"
    by (unfold s_RAG_def, auto simp:cs_waiting_def)
  from wq_threads [OF this] show ?thesis .
qed


lemma cp_le:
  assumes th_in: "th \<in> threads s"
  shows "cp s th \<le> Max ((\<lambda> th. (preced th s)) ` threads s)"
proof(unfold cp_eq_cpreced cpreced_def cs_dependants_def)
  show "Max ((\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` ({th} \<union> {th'. (Th th', Th th) \<in> (RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+}))
         \<le> Max ((\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` threads s)"
    (is "Max (?f ` ?A) \<le> Max (?f ` ?B)")
  proof(rule Max_f_mono)
    show "{th} \<union> {th'. (Th th', Th th) \<in> (RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+} \<noteq> {}" by simp
  next
    from finite_threads
    show "finite (threads s)" .
  next
    from th_in
    show "{th} \<union> {th'. (Th th', Th th) \<in> (RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+} \<subseteq> threads s"
      apply (auto simp:Domain_def)
      apply (rule_tac dm_RAG_threads)
      apply (unfold trancl_domain [of "RAG s", symmetric])
      by (unfold cs_RAG_def s_RAG_def, auto simp:Domain_def)
  qed
qed

lemma le_cp:
  shows "preced th s \<le> cp s th"
proof(unfold cp_eq_cpreced preced_def cpreced_def, simp)
  show "Prc (priority th s) (last_set th s)
    \<le> Max (insert (Prc (priority th s) (last_set th s))
            ((\<lambda>th. Prc (priority th s) (last_set th s)) ` dependants (wq s) th))"
    (is "?l \<le> Max (insert ?l ?A)")
  proof(cases "?A = {}")
    case False
    have "finite ?A" (is "finite (?f ` ?B)")
    proof -
      have "finite ?B" 
      proof-
        have "finite {th'. (Th th', Th th) \<in> (RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+}"
        proof -
          let ?F = "\<lambda> (x, y). the_th x"
          have "{th'. (Th th', Th th) \<in> (RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+} \<subseteq> ?F ` ((RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+)"
            apply (auto simp:image_def)
            by (rule_tac x = "(Th x, Th th)" in bexI, auto)
          moreover have "finite \<dots>"
          proof -
            from finite_RAG have "finite (RAG s)" .
            hence "finite ((RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+)"
              apply (unfold finite_trancl)
              by (auto simp: s_RAG_def cs_RAG_def wq_def)
            thus ?thesis by auto
          qed
          ultimately show ?thesis by (auto intro:finite_subset)
        qed
        thus ?thesis by (simp add:cs_dependants_def)
      qed
      thus ?thesis by simp
    qed
    from Max_insert [OF this False, of ?l] show ?thesis by auto
  next
    case True
    thus ?thesis by auto
  qed
qed

lemma max_cp_eq: 
  shows "Max ((cp s) ` threads s) = Max ((\<lambda> th. (preced th s)) ` threads s)"
  (is "?l = ?r")
proof(cases "threads s = {}")
  case True
  thus ?thesis by auto
next
  case False
  have "?l \<in> ((cp s) ` threads s)"
  proof(rule Max_in)
    from finite_threads
    show "finite (cp s ` threads s)" by auto
  next
    from False show "cp s ` threads s \<noteq> {}" by auto
  qed
  then obtain th 
    where th_in: "th \<in> threads s" and eq_l: "?l = cp s th" by auto
  have "\<dots> \<le> ?r" by (rule cp_le[OF th_in])
  moreover have "?r \<le> cp s th" (is "Max (?f ` ?A) \<le> cp s th")
  proof -
    have "?r \<in> (?f ` ?A)"
    proof(rule Max_in)
      from finite_threads
      show " finite ((\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` threads s)" by auto
    next
      from False show " (\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` threads s \<noteq> {}" by auto
    qed
    then obtain th' where 
      th_in': "th' \<in> ?A " and eq_r: "?r = ?f th'" by auto
    from le_cp [of th']  eq_r
    have "?r \<le> cp s th'" by auto
    moreover have "\<dots> \<le> cp s th"
    proof(fold eq_l)
      show " cp s th' \<le> Max (cp s ` threads s)"
      proof(rule Max_ge)
        from th_in' show "cp s th' \<in> cp s ` threads s"
          by auto
      next
        from finite_threads
        show "finite (cp s ` threads s)" by auto
      qed
    qed
    ultimately show ?thesis by auto
  qed
  ultimately show ?thesis using eq_l by auto
qed

lemma max_cp_eq_the_preced:
  shows "Max ((cp s) ` threads s) = Max (the_preced s ` threads s)"
  using max_cp_eq using the_preced_def by presburger 

end

lemma preced_v [simp]: "preced th' (V th cs#s) = preced th' s"
  by (unfold preced_def, simp)

lemma the_preced_v[simp]: "the_preced (V th cs#s) = the_preced s"
proof
  fix th'
  show "the_preced (V th cs # s) th' = the_preced s th'"
    by (unfold the_preced_def preced_def, simp)
qed

locale valid_trace_v = valid_trace_e + 
  fixes th cs
  assumes is_v: "e = V th cs"

context valid_trace_v
begin

definition "rest = tl (wq s cs)"

definition "wq' = (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest)"

lemma distinct_rest: "distinct rest"
  by (simp add: distinct_tl rest_def wq_distinct)

lemma runing_th_s:
  shows "th \<in> runing s"
proof -
  from pip_e[unfolded is_v]
  show ?thesis by (cases, simp)
qed

lemma holding_cs_eq_th:
  assumes "holding s t cs"
  shows "t = th"
proof -
  from pip_e[unfolded is_v]
  show ?thesis
  proof(cases)
    case (thread_V)
    from held_unique[OF this(2) assms]
    show ?thesis by simp
  qed
qed

lemma th_not_waiting: 
  "\<not> waiting s th c"
proof -
  have "th \<in> readys s"
    using runing_ready runing_th_s by blast 
  thus ?thesis
    by (unfold readys_def, auto)
qed

lemma waiting_neq_th: 
  assumes "waiting s t c"
  shows "t \<noteq> th"
  using assms using th_not_waiting by blast 

lemma wq_s_cs:
  "wq s cs = th#rest"
proof -
  from pip_e[unfolded is_v]
  show ?thesis
  proof(cases)
    case (thread_V)
    from this(2) show ?thesis
      by (unfold rest_def s_holding_def, fold wq_def,
                 metis empty_iff list.collapse list.set(1))
  qed
qed

lemma wq_es_cs:
  "wq (e#s) cs = wq'"
 using wq_s_cs[unfolded wq_def]
 by (auto simp:Let_def wq_def rest_def wq'_def is_v, simp) 

lemma distinct_wq': "distinct wq'"
  by (metis (mono_tags, lifting) distinct_rest  some_eq_ex wq'_def)
  
lemma th'_in_inv:
  assumes "th' \<in> set wq'"
  shows "th' \<in> set rest"
  using assms
  by (metis (mono_tags, lifting) distinct.simps(2) 
        rest_def some_eq_ex wq'_def wq_distinct wq_s_cs) 

lemma neq_t_th: 
  assumes "waiting (e#s) t c"
  shows "t \<noteq> th"
proof
  assume otherwise: "t = th"
  show False
  proof(cases "c = cs")
    case True
    have "t \<in> set wq'" 
     using assms[unfolded True s_waiting_def, folded wq_def, unfolded wq_es_cs]
     by simp 
    from th'_in_inv[OF this] have "t \<in> set rest" .
    with wq_s_cs[folded otherwise] wq_distinct[of cs]
    show ?thesis by simp
  next
    case False
    have "wq (e#s) c = wq s c" using False
        by (unfold is_v, simp)
    hence "waiting s t c" using assms 
        by (simp add: cs_waiting_def waiting_eq)
    hence "t \<notin> readys s" by (unfold readys_def, auto)
    hence "t \<notin> runing s" using runing_ready by auto 
    with runing_th_s[folded otherwise] show ?thesis by auto
  qed
qed

lemma waiting_esI1:
  assumes "waiting s t c"
      and "c \<noteq> cs" 
  shows "waiting (e#s) t c" 
proof -
  have "wq (e#s) c = wq s c" 
    using assms(2) is_v by auto
  with assms(1) show ?thesis 
    using cs_waiting_def waiting_eq by auto 
qed

lemma holding_esI2:
  assumes "c \<noteq> cs" 
  and "holding s t c"
  shows "holding (e#s) t c"
proof -
  from assms(1) have "wq (e#s) c = wq s c" using is_v by auto
  from assms(2)[unfolded s_holding_def, folded wq_def, 
                folded this, unfolded wq_def, folded s_holding_def]
  show ?thesis .
qed

end

locale valid_trace_v_n = valid_trace_v +
  assumes rest_nnl: "rest \<noteq> []"
begin

lemma neq_wq': "wq' \<noteq> []" 
proof (unfold wq'_def, rule someI2)
  show "distinct rest \<and> set rest = set rest"
    by (simp add: distinct_rest) 
next
  fix x
  assume " distinct x \<and> set x = set rest" 
  thus "x \<noteq> []" using rest_nnl by auto
qed 

definition "taker = hd wq'"

definition "rest' = tl wq'"

lemma eq_wq': "wq' = taker # rest'"
  by (simp add: neq_wq' rest'_def taker_def)

lemma next_th_taker: 
  shows "next_th s th cs taker"
  using rest_nnl taker_def wq'_def wq_s_cs 
  by (auto simp:next_th_def)

lemma taker_unique: 
  assumes "next_th s th cs taker'"
  shows "taker' = taker"
proof -
  from assms
  obtain rest' where 
    h: "wq s cs = th # rest'" 
       "taker' = hd (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest')"
          by (unfold next_th_def, auto)
  with wq_s_cs have "rest' = rest" by auto
  thus ?thesis using h(2) taker_def wq'_def by auto 
qed

lemma waiting_set_eq:
  "{(Th th', Cs cs) |th'. next_th s th cs th'} = {(Th taker, Cs cs)}"
  by (smt all_not_in_conv bot.extremum insertI1 insert_subset 
      mem_Collect_eq next_th_taker subsetI subset_antisym taker_def taker_unique)

lemma holding_set_eq:
  "{(Cs cs, Th th') |th'.  next_th s th cs th'} = {(Cs cs, Th taker)}"
  using next_th_taker taker_def waiting_set_eq 
  by fastforce
   
lemma holding_taker:
  shows "holding (e#s) taker cs"
    by (unfold s_holding_def, fold wq_def, unfold wq_es_cs, 
        auto simp:neq_wq' taker_def)

lemma waiting_esI2:
  assumes "waiting s t cs"
      and "t \<noteq> taker"
  shows "waiting (e#s) t cs" 
proof -
  have "t \<in> set wq'" 
  proof(unfold wq'_def, rule someI2)
    show "distinct rest \<and> set rest = set rest"
          by (simp add: distinct_rest)
  next
    fix x
    assume "distinct x \<and> set x = set rest"
    moreover have "t \<in> set rest"
        using assms(1) cs_waiting_def waiting_eq wq_s_cs by auto 
    ultimately show "t \<in> set x" by simp
  qed
  moreover have "t \<noteq> hd wq'"
    using assms(2) taker_def by auto 
  ultimately show ?thesis
    by (unfold s_waiting_def, fold wq_def, unfold wq_es_cs, simp)
qed

lemma waiting_esE:
  assumes "waiting (e#s) t c" 
  obtains "c \<noteq> cs" "waiting s t c"
     |    "c = cs" "t \<noteq> taker" "waiting s t cs" "t \<in> set rest'"
proof(cases "c = cs")
  case False
  hence "wq (e#s) c = wq s c" using is_v by auto
  with assms have "waiting s t c" using cs_waiting_def waiting_eq by auto 
  from that(1)[OF False this] show ?thesis .
next
  case True
  from assms[unfolded s_waiting_def True, folded wq_def, unfolded wq_es_cs]
  have "t \<noteq> hd wq'" "t \<in> set wq'" by auto
  hence "t \<noteq> taker" by (simp add: taker_def) 
  moreover hence "t \<noteq> th" using assms neq_t_th by blast 
  moreover have "t \<in> set rest" by (simp add: `t \<in> set wq'` th'_in_inv) 
  ultimately have "waiting s t cs"
    by (metis cs_waiting_def list.distinct(2) list.sel(1) 
                list.set_sel(2) rest_def waiting_eq wq_s_cs)  
  show ?thesis using that(2)
  using True `t \<in> set wq'` `t \<noteq> taker` `waiting s t cs` eq_wq' by auto   
qed

lemma holding_esI1:
  assumes "c = cs"
  and "t = taker"
  shows "holding (e#s) t c"
  by (unfold assms, simp add: holding_taker)

lemma holding_esE:
  assumes "holding (e#s) t c" 
  obtains "c = cs" "t = taker"
      | "c \<noteq> cs" "holding s t c"
proof(cases "c = cs")
  case True
  from assms[unfolded True, unfolded s_holding_def, 
             folded wq_def, unfolded wq_es_cs]
  have "t = taker" by (simp add: taker_def) 
  from that(1)[OF True this] show ?thesis .
next
  case False
  hence "wq (e#s) c = wq s c" using is_v by auto
  from assms[unfolded s_holding_def, folded wq_def, 
             unfolded this, unfolded wq_def, folded s_holding_def]
  have "holding s t c"  .
  from that(2)[OF False this] show ?thesis .
qed

end 

locale valid_trace_v_e = valid_trace_v +
  assumes rest_nil: "rest = []"
begin

lemma nil_wq': "wq' = []" 
proof (unfold wq'_def, rule someI2)
  show "distinct rest \<and> set rest = set rest"
    by (simp add: distinct_rest) 
next
  fix x
  assume " distinct x \<and> set x = set rest" 
  thus "x = []" using rest_nil by auto
qed 

lemma no_taker: 
  assumes "next_th s th cs taker"
  shows "False"
proof -
  from assms[unfolded next_th_def]
  obtain rest' where "wq s cs = th # rest'" "rest' \<noteq> []"
    by auto
  thus ?thesis using rest_def rest_nil by auto 
qed

lemma waiting_set_eq:
  "{(Th th', Cs cs) |th'. next_th s th cs th'} = {}"
  using no_taker by auto

lemma holding_set_eq:
  "{(Cs cs, Th th') |th'.  next_th s th cs th'} = {}"
  using no_taker by auto
   
lemma no_holding:
  assumes "holding (e#s) taker cs"
  shows False
proof -
  from wq_es_cs[unfolded nil_wq']
  have " wq (e # s) cs = []" .
  from assms[unfolded s_holding_def, folded wq_def, unfolded this]
  show ?thesis by auto
qed

lemma no_waiting:
  assumes "waiting (e#s) t cs"
  shows False
proof -
  from wq_es_cs[unfolded nil_wq']
  have " wq (e # s) cs = []" .
  from assms[unfolded s_waiting_def, folded wq_def, unfolded this]
  show ?thesis by auto
qed

lemma waiting_esE:
  assumes "waiting (e#s) t c" 
  obtains "c \<noteq> cs" "waiting s t c"
proof(cases "c = cs")
  case False
  hence "wq (e#s) c = wq s c" using is_v by auto
  with assms have "waiting s t c" using cs_waiting_def waiting_eq by auto 
  from that(1)[OF False this] show ?thesis .
next
  case True
  from no_waiting[OF assms[unfolded True]]
  show ?thesis by auto
qed

lemma holding_esE:
  assumes "holding (e#s) t c" 
  obtains "c \<noteq> cs" "holding s t c"
proof(cases "c = cs")
  case True
  from no_holding[OF assms[unfolded True]] 
  show ?thesis by auto
next
  case False
  hence "wq (e#s) c = wq s c" using is_v by auto
  from assms[unfolded s_holding_def, folded wq_def, 
             unfolded this, unfolded wq_def, folded s_holding_def]
  have "holding s t c"  .
  from that[OF False this] show ?thesis .
qed

end (* ccc *)

lemma rel_eqI:
  assumes "\<And> x y. (x,y) \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> (x,y) \<in> B"
  and "\<And> x y. (x,y) \<in> B \<Longrightarrow> (x, y) \<in> A"
  shows "A = B"
  using assms by auto

lemma in_RAG_E:
  assumes "(n1, n2) \<in> RAG (s::state)"
  obtains (waiting) th cs where "n1 = Th th" "n2 = Cs cs" "waiting s th cs"
      | (holding) th cs where "n1 = Cs cs" "n2 = Th th" "holding s th cs"
  using assms[unfolded s_RAG_def, folded waiting_eq holding_eq]
  by auto
  
context valid_trace_v
begin

lemma
  "RAG (e # s) =
   RAG s - {(Cs cs, Th th)} -
     {(Th th', Cs cs) |th'. next_th s th cs th'} \<union>
     {(Cs cs, Th th') |th'.  next_th s th cs th'}" (is "?L = ?R")
proof(rule rel_eqI)
  fix n1 n2
  assume "(n1, n2) \<in> ?L"
  thus "(n1, n2) \<in> ?R"
  proof(cases rule:in_RAG_E)
    case (waiting th' cs')
    show ?thesis
    proof(cases "rest = []")
      case False
      interpret h_n: valid_trace_v_n s e th cs
        by (unfold_locales, insert False, simp)
      from waiting(3)
      show ?thesis
      proof(cases rule:h_n.waiting_esE)
        case 1
        with waiting(1,2)
        show ?thesis
        by (unfold h_n.waiting_set_eq h_n.holding_set_eq s_RAG_def, 
             fold waiting_eq, auto)
      next
        case 2
        with waiting(1,2)
        show ?thesis
         by (unfold h_n.waiting_set_eq h_n.holding_set_eq s_RAG_def, 
             fold waiting_eq, auto)
      qed
    next
      case True
      interpret h_e: valid_trace_v_e s e th cs
        by (unfold_locales, insert True, simp)
      from waiting(3)
      show ?thesis
      proof(cases rule:h_e.waiting_esE)
        case 1
        with waiting(1,2)
        show ?thesis
        by (unfold h_e.waiting_set_eq h_e.holding_set_eq s_RAG_def, 
             fold waiting_eq, auto)
      qed
    qed
  next
    case (holding th' cs')
    show ?thesis
    proof(cases "rest = []")
      case False
      interpret h_n: valid_trace_v_n s e th cs
        by (unfold_locales, insert False, simp)
      from holding(3)
      show ?thesis
      proof(cases rule:h_n.holding_esE)
        case 1
        with holding(1,2)
        show ?thesis
        by (unfold h_n.waiting_set_eq h_n.holding_set_eq s_RAG_def, 
             fold waiting_eq, auto)
      next
        case 2
        with holding(1,2)
        show ?thesis
         by (unfold h_n.waiting_set_eq h_n.holding_set_eq s_RAG_def, 
             fold holding_eq, auto)
      qed
    next
      case True
      interpret h_e: valid_trace_v_e s e th cs
        by (unfold_locales, insert True, simp)
      from holding(3)
      show ?thesis
      proof(cases rule:h_e.holding_esE)
        case 1
        with holding(1,2)
        show ?thesis
        by (unfold h_e.waiting_set_eq h_e.holding_set_eq s_RAG_def, 
             fold holding_eq, auto)
      qed
    qed
  qed
next
  fix n1 n2
  assume h: "(n1, n2) \<in> ?R"
  show "(n1, n2) \<in> ?L"
  proof(cases "rest = []")
    case False
    interpret h_n: valid_trace_v_n s e th cs
        by (unfold_locales, insert False, simp)
    from h[unfolded h_n.waiting_set_eq h_n.holding_set_eq]
    have "((n1, n2) \<in> RAG s \<and> (n1 \<noteq> Cs cs \<or> n2 \<noteq> Th th)
                            \<and> (n1 \<noteq> Th h_n.taker \<or> n2 \<noteq> Cs cs)) \<or> 
          (n2 = Th h_n.taker \<and> n1 = Cs cs)" 
      by auto
   thus ?thesis
   proof
      assume "n2 = Th h_n.taker \<and> n1 = Cs cs"
      with h_n.holding_taker
      show ?thesis 
        by (unfold s_RAG_def, fold holding_eq, auto)
   next
    assume h: "(n1, n2) \<in> RAG s \<and>
        (n1 \<noteq> Cs cs \<or> n2 \<noteq> Th th) \<and> (n1 \<noteq> Th h_n.taker \<or> n2 \<noteq> Cs cs)"
    hence "(n1, n2) \<in> RAG s" by simp
    thus ?thesis
    proof(cases rule:in_RAG_E)
      case (waiting th' cs')
      thus ?thesis
    qed
   qed
  qed
qed

end


lemma step_RAG_v: (* ccc *)
assumes vt:
  "vt (V th cs#s)"
shows "
  RAG (V th cs # s) =
  RAG s - {(Cs cs, Th th)} -
  {(Th th', Cs cs) |th'. next_th s th cs th'} \<union>
  {(Cs cs, Th th') |th'.  next_th s th cs th'}" (is "?L = ?R")
proof(rule rel_eqI)
  fix n1 n2
  assume "(n1, n2) \<in> ?L"
  show "(n1, n2) \<in> ?R" sorry
next
  fix n1 n2
  assume "(n1, n2) \<in> ?R"
  show "(n1, n2) \<in> ?L" sorry
qed



text {* (* ddd *) 
  The following @{text "step_RAG_v"} lemma charaterizes how @{text "RAG"} is changed
  with the happening of @{text "V"}-events:
*}
lemma step_RAG_v:
assumes vt:
  "vt (V th cs#s)"
shows "
  RAG (V th cs # s) =
  RAG s - {(Cs cs, Th th)} -
  {(Th th', Cs cs) |th'. next_th s th cs th'} \<union>
  {(Cs cs, Th th') |th'.  next_th s th cs th'}"
  apply (insert vt, unfold s_RAG_def) 
  apply (auto split:if_splits list.splits simp:Let_def)
  apply (auto elim: step_v_waiting_mono step_v_hold_inv
              step_v_release step_v_wait_inv
              step_v_get_hold step_v_release_inv)
  apply (erule_tac step_v_not_wait, auto)
  done

text {* 
  The following @{text "step_RAG_p"} lemma charaterizes how @{text "RAG"} is changed
  with the happening of @{text "P"}-events:
*}
lemma step_RAG_p:
  "vt (P th cs#s) \<Longrightarrow>
  RAG (P th cs # s) =  (if (wq s cs = []) then RAG s \<union> {(Cs cs, Th th)}
                                             else RAG s \<union> {(Th th, Cs cs)})"
  apply(simp only: s_RAG_def wq_def)
  apply (auto split:list.splits prod.splits simp:Let_def wq_def cs_waiting_def cs_holding_def)
  apply(case_tac "csa = cs", auto)
  apply(fold wq_def)
  apply(drule_tac step_back_step)
  apply(ind_cases " step s (P (hd (wq s cs)) cs)")
  apply(simp add:s_RAG_def wq_def cs_holding_def)
  apply(auto)
  done


lemma RAG_target_th: "(Th th, x) \<in> RAG (s::state) \<Longrightarrow> \<exists> cs. x = Cs cs"
  by (unfold s_RAG_def, auto)

context valid_trace
begin

text {*
  The following lemma shows that @{text "RAG"} is acyclic.
  The overall structure is by induction on the formation of @{text "vt s"}
  and then case analysis on event @{text "e"}, where the non-trivial cases 
  for those for @{text "V"} and @{text "P"} events.
*}
lemma acyclic_RAG:
  shows "acyclic (RAG s)"
using vt
proof(induct)
  case (vt_cons s e)
  interpret vt_s: valid_trace s using vt_cons(1)
    by (unfold_locales, simp)
  assume ih: "acyclic (RAG s)"
    and stp: "step s e"
    and vt: "vt s"
  show ?case
  proof(cases e)
    case (Create th prio)
    with ih
    show ?thesis by (simp add:RAG_create_unchanged)
  next
    case (Exit th)
    with ih show ?thesis by (simp add:RAG_exit_unchanged)
  next
    case (V th cs)
    from V vt stp have vtt: "vt (V th cs#s)" by auto
    from step_RAG_v [OF this]
    have eq_de: 
      "RAG (e # s) = 
      RAG s - {(Cs cs, Th th)} - {(Th th', Cs cs) |th'. next_th s th cs th'} \<union>
      {(Cs cs, Th th') |th'. next_th s th cs th'}"
      (is "?L = (?A - ?B - ?C) \<union> ?D") by (simp add:V)
    from ih have ac: "acyclic (?A - ?B - ?C)" by (auto elim:acyclic_subset)
    from step_back_step [OF vtt]
    have "step s (V th cs)" .
    thus ?thesis
    proof(cases)
      assume "holding s th cs"
      hence th_in: "th \<in> set (wq s cs)" and
        eq_hd: "th = hd (wq s cs)" unfolding s_holding_def wq_def by auto
      then obtain rest where
        eq_wq: "wq s cs = th#rest"
        by (cases "wq s cs", auto)
      show ?thesis
      proof(cases "rest = []")
        case False
        let ?th' = "hd (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest)"
        from eq_wq False have eq_D: "?D = {(Cs cs, Th ?th')}"
          by (unfold next_th_def, auto)
        let ?E = "(?A - ?B - ?C)"
        have "(Th ?th', Cs cs) \<notin> ?E\<^sup>*"
        proof
          assume "(Th ?th', Cs cs) \<in> ?E\<^sup>*"
          hence " (Th ?th', Cs cs) \<in> ?E\<^sup>+" by (simp add: rtrancl_eq_or_trancl)
          from tranclD [OF this]
          obtain x where th'_e: "(Th ?th', x) \<in> ?E" by blast
          hence th_d: "(Th ?th', x) \<in> ?A" by simp
          from RAG_target_th [OF this]
          obtain cs' where eq_x: "x = Cs cs'" by auto
          with th_d have "(Th ?th', Cs cs') \<in> ?A" by simp
          hence wt_th': "waiting s ?th' cs'"
            unfolding s_RAG_def s_waiting_def cs_waiting_def wq_def by simp
          hence "cs' = cs"
          proof(rule vt_s.waiting_unique)
            from eq_wq vt_s.wq_distinct[of cs]
            show "waiting s ?th' cs" 
              apply (unfold s_waiting_def wq_def, auto)
            proof -
              assume hd_in: "hd (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) \<notin> set rest"
                and eq_wq: "wq_fun (schs s) cs = th # rest"
              have "(SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) \<noteq> []"
              proof(rule someI2)
                from vt_s.wq_distinct[of cs] and eq_wq
                show "distinct rest \<and> set rest = set rest" unfolding wq_def by auto
              next
                fix x assume "distinct x \<and> set x = set rest"
                with False show "x \<noteq> []" by auto
              qed
              hence "hd (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) \<in> 
                set (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest)" by auto
              moreover have "\<dots> = set rest" 
              proof(rule someI2)
                from vt_s.wq_distinct[of cs] and eq_wq
                show "distinct rest \<and> set rest = set rest" unfolding wq_def by auto
              next
                show "\<And>x. distinct x \<and> set x = set rest \<Longrightarrow> set x = set rest" by auto
              qed
              moreover note hd_in
              ultimately show "hd (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) = th" by auto
            next
              assume hd_in: "hd (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) \<notin> set rest"
                and eq_wq: "wq s cs = hd (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) # rest"
              have "(SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) \<noteq> []"
              proof(rule someI2)
                from vt_s.wq_distinct[of cs] and eq_wq
                show "distinct rest \<and> set rest = set rest" by auto
              next
                fix x assume "distinct x \<and> set x = set rest"
                with False show "x \<noteq> []" by auto
              qed
              hence "hd (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) \<in> 
                set (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest)" by auto
              moreover have "\<dots> = set rest" 
              proof(rule someI2)
                from vt_s.wq_distinct[of cs] and eq_wq
                show "distinct rest \<and> set rest = set rest" by auto
              next
                show "\<And>x. distinct x \<and> set x = set rest \<Longrightarrow> set x = set rest" by auto
              qed
              moreover note hd_in
              ultimately show False by auto
            qed
          qed
          with th'_e eq_x have "(Th ?th', Cs cs) \<in> ?E" by simp
          with False
          show "False" by (auto simp: next_th_def eq_wq)
        qed
        with acyclic_insert[symmetric] and ac
          and eq_de eq_D show ?thesis by auto
      next
        case True
        with eq_wq
        have eq_D: "?D = {}"
          by (unfold next_th_def, auto)
        with eq_de ac
        show ?thesis by auto
      qed 
    qed
  next
    case (P th cs)
    from P vt stp have vtt: "vt (P th cs#s)" by auto
    from step_RAG_p [OF this] P
    have "RAG (e # s) = 
      (if wq s cs = [] then RAG s \<union> {(Cs cs, Th th)} else 
      RAG s \<union> {(Th th, Cs cs)})" (is "?L = ?R")
      by simp
    moreover have "acyclic ?R"
    proof(cases "wq s cs = []")
      case True
      hence eq_r: "?R =  RAG s \<union> {(Cs cs, Th th)}" by simp
      have "(Th th, Cs cs) \<notin> (RAG s)\<^sup>*"
      proof
        assume "(Th th, Cs cs) \<in> (RAG s)\<^sup>*"
        hence "(Th th, Cs cs) \<in> (RAG s)\<^sup>+" by (simp add: rtrancl_eq_or_trancl)
        from tranclD2 [OF this]
        obtain x where "(x, Cs cs) \<in> RAG s" by auto
        with True show False by (auto simp:s_RAG_def cs_waiting_def)
      qed
      with acyclic_insert ih eq_r show ?thesis by auto
    next
      case False
      hence eq_r: "?R =  RAG s \<union> {(Th th, Cs cs)}" by simp
      have "(Cs cs, Th th) \<notin> (RAG s)\<^sup>*"
      proof
        assume "(Cs cs, Th th) \<in> (RAG s)\<^sup>*"
        hence "(Cs cs, Th th) \<in> (RAG s)\<^sup>+" by (simp add: rtrancl_eq_or_trancl)
        moreover from step_back_step [OF vtt] have "step s (P th cs)" .
        ultimately show False
        proof -
          show " \<lbrakk>(Cs cs, Th th) \<in> (RAG s)\<^sup>+; step s (P th cs)\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> False"
            by (ind_cases "step s (P th cs)", simp)
        qed
      qed
      with acyclic_insert ih eq_r show ?thesis by auto
      qed
      ultimately show ?thesis by simp
    next
      case (Set thread prio)
      with ih
      thm RAG_set_unchanged
      show ?thesis by (simp add:RAG_set_unchanged)
    qed
  next
    case vt_nil
    show "acyclic (RAG ([]::state))"
      by (auto simp: s_RAG_def cs_waiting_def 
        cs_holding_def wq_def acyclic_def)
qed


lemma finite_RAG:
  shows "finite (RAG s)"
proof -
  from vt show ?thesis
  proof(induct)
    case (vt_cons s e)
    interpret vt_s: valid_trace s using vt_cons(1)
      by (unfold_locales, simp)
    assume ih: "finite (RAG s)"
      and stp: "step s e"
      and vt: "vt s"
    show ?case
    proof(cases e)
      case (Create th prio)
      with ih
      show ?thesis by (simp add:RAG_create_unchanged)
    next
      case (Exit th)
      with ih show ?thesis by (simp add:RAG_exit_unchanged)
    next
      case (V th cs)
      from V vt stp have vtt: "vt (V th cs#s)" by auto
      from step_RAG_v [OF this]
      have eq_de: "RAG (e # s) = 
                   RAG s - {(Cs cs, Th th)} - {(Th th', Cs cs) |th'. next_th s th cs th'} \<union>
                      {(Cs cs, Th th') |th'. next_th s th cs th'}
"
        (is "?L = (?A - ?B - ?C) \<union> ?D") by (simp add:V)
      moreover from ih have ac: "finite (?A - ?B - ?C)" by simp
      moreover have "finite ?D"
      proof -
        have "?D = {} \<or> (\<exists> a. ?D = {a})" 
          by (unfold next_th_def, auto)
        thus ?thesis
        proof
          assume h: "?D = {}"
          show ?thesis by (unfold h, simp)
        next
          assume "\<exists> a. ?D = {a}"
          thus ?thesis
            by (metis finite.simps)
        qed
      qed
      ultimately show ?thesis by simp
    next
      case (P th cs)
      from P vt stp have vtt: "vt (P th cs#s)" by auto
      from step_RAG_p [OF this] P
      have "RAG (e # s) = 
              (if wq s cs = [] then RAG s \<union> {(Cs cs, Th th)} else 
                                    RAG s \<union> {(Th th, Cs cs)})" (is "?L = ?R")
        by simp
      moreover have "finite ?R"
      proof(cases "wq s cs = []")
        case True
        hence eq_r: "?R =  RAG s \<union> {(Cs cs, Th th)}" by simp
        with True and ih show ?thesis by auto
      next
        case False
        hence "?R = RAG s \<union> {(Th th, Cs cs)}" by simp
        with False and ih show ?thesis by auto
      qed
      ultimately show ?thesis by auto
    next
      case (Set thread prio)
      with ih
      show ?thesis by (simp add:RAG_set_unchanged)
    qed
  next
    case vt_nil
    show "finite (RAG ([]::state))"
      by (auto simp: s_RAG_def cs_waiting_def 
                   cs_holding_def wq_def acyclic_def)
  qed
qed

text {* Several useful lemmas *}

lemma wf_dep_converse: 
  shows "wf ((RAG s)^-1)"
proof(rule finite_acyclic_wf_converse)
  from finite_RAG 
  show "finite (RAG s)" .
next
  from acyclic_RAG
  show "acyclic (RAG s)" .
qed

end

lemma hd_np_in: "x \<in> set l \<Longrightarrow> hd l \<in> set l"
  by (induct l, auto)

lemma th_chasing: "(Th th, Cs cs) \<in> RAG (s::state) \<Longrightarrow> \<exists> th'. (Cs cs, Th th') \<in> RAG s"
  by (auto simp:s_RAG_def s_holding_def cs_holding_def cs_waiting_def wq_def dest:hd_np_in)

context valid_trace
begin

lemma wq_threads: 
  assumes h: "th \<in> set (wq s cs)"
  shows "th \<in> threads s"
proof -
 from vt and h show ?thesis
  proof(induct arbitrary: th cs)
    case (vt_cons s e)
    interpret vt_s: valid_trace s
      using vt_cons(1) by (unfold_locales, auto)
    assume ih: "\<And>th cs. th \<in> set (wq s cs) \<Longrightarrow> th \<in> threads s"
      and stp: "step s e"
      and vt: "vt s"
      and h: "th \<in> set (wq (e # s) cs)"
    show ?case
    proof(cases e)
      case (Create th' prio)
      with ih h show ?thesis
        by (auto simp:wq_def Let_def)
    next
      case (Exit th')
      with stp ih h show ?thesis
        apply (auto simp:wq_def Let_def)
        apply (ind_cases "step s (Exit th')")
        apply (auto simp:runing_def readys_def s_holding_def s_waiting_def holdents_def
               s_RAG_def s_holding_def cs_holding_def)
        done
    next
      case (V th' cs')
      show ?thesis
      proof(cases "cs' = cs")
        case False
        with h
        show ?thesis
          apply(unfold wq_def V, auto simp:Let_def V split:prod.splits, fold wq_def)
          by (drule_tac ih, simp)
      next
        case True
        from h
        show ?thesis
        proof(unfold V wq_def)
          assume th_in: "th \<in> set (wq_fun (schs (V th' cs' # s)) cs)" (is "th \<in> set ?l")
          show "th \<in> threads (V th' cs' # s)"
          proof(cases "cs = cs'")
            case False
            hence "?l = wq_fun (schs s) cs" by (simp add:Let_def)
            with th_in have " th \<in> set (wq s cs)" 
              by (fold wq_def, simp)
            from ih [OF this] show ?thesis by simp
          next
            case True
            show ?thesis
            proof(cases "wq_fun (schs s) cs'")
              case Nil
              with h V show ?thesis
                apply (auto simp:wq_def Let_def split:if_splits)
                by (fold wq_def, drule_tac ih, simp)
            next
              case (Cons a rest)
              assume eq_wq: "wq_fun (schs s) cs' = a # rest"
              with h V show ?thesis
                apply (auto simp:Let_def wq_def split:if_splits)
              proof -
                assume th_in: "th \<in> set (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest)"
                have "set (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) = set rest" 
                proof(rule someI2)
                  from vt_s.wq_distinct[of cs'] and eq_wq[folded wq_def]
                  show "distinct rest \<and> set rest = set rest" by auto
                next
                  show "\<And>x. distinct x \<and> set x = set rest \<Longrightarrow> set x = set rest"
                    by auto
                qed
                with eq_wq th_in have "th \<in> set (wq_fun (schs s) cs')" by auto
                from ih[OF this[folded wq_def]] show "th \<in> threads s" .
              next
                assume th_in: "th \<in> set (wq_fun (schs s) cs)"
                from ih[OF this[folded wq_def]]
                show "th \<in> threads s" .
              qed
            qed
          qed
        qed
      qed
    next
      case (P th' cs')
      from h stp
      show ?thesis
        apply (unfold P wq_def)
        apply (auto simp:Let_def split:if_splits, fold wq_def)
        apply (auto intro:ih)
        apply(ind_cases "step s (P th' cs')")
        by (unfold runing_def readys_def, auto)
    next
      case (Set thread prio)
      with ih h show ?thesis
        by (auto simp:wq_def Let_def)
    qed
  next
    case vt_nil
    thus ?case by (auto simp:wq_def)
  qed
qed

lemma range_in: "\<lbrakk>(Th th) \<in> Range (RAG (s::state))\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> th \<in> threads s"
  apply(unfold s_RAG_def cs_waiting_def cs_holding_def)
  by (auto intro:wq_threads)

lemma readys_v_eq:
  assumes neq_th: "th \<noteq> thread"
  and eq_wq: "wq s cs = thread#rest"
  and not_in: "th \<notin>  set rest"
  shows "(th \<in> readys (V thread cs#s)) = (th \<in> readys s)"
proof -
  from assms show ?thesis
    apply (auto simp:readys_def)
    apply(simp add:s_waiting_def[folded wq_def])
    apply (erule_tac x = csa in allE)
    apply (simp add:s_waiting_def wq_def Let_def split:if_splits)
    apply (case_tac "csa = cs", simp)
    apply (erule_tac x = cs in allE)
    apply(auto simp add: s_waiting_def[folded wq_def] Let_def split: list.splits)
    apply(auto simp add: wq_def)
    apply (auto simp:s_waiting_def wq_def Let_def split:list.splits)
    proof -
       assume th_nin: "th \<notin> set rest"
        and th_in: "th \<in> set (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest)"
        and eq_wq: "wq_fun (schs s) cs = thread # rest"
      have "set (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) = set rest"
      proof(rule someI2)
        from wq_distinct[of cs, unfolded wq_def] and eq_wq[unfolded wq_def]
        show "distinct rest \<and> set rest = set rest" by auto
      next
        show "\<And>x. distinct x \<and> set x = set rest \<Longrightarrow> set x = set rest" by auto
      qed
      with th_nin th_in show False by auto
    qed
qed

text {* \noindent
  The following lemmas shows that: starting from any node in @{text "RAG"}, 
  by chasing out-going edges, it is always possible to reach a node representing a ready
  thread. In this lemma, it is the @{text "th'"}.
*}

lemma chain_building:
  shows "node \<in> Domain (RAG s) \<longrightarrow> (\<exists> th'. th' \<in> readys s \<and> (node, Th th') \<in> (RAG s)^+)"
proof -
  from wf_dep_converse
  have h: "wf ((RAG s)\<inverse>)" .
  show ?thesis
  proof(induct rule:wf_induct [OF h])
    fix x
    assume ih [rule_format]: 
      "\<forall>y. (y, x) \<in> (RAG s)\<inverse> \<longrightarrow> 
           y \<in> Domain (RAG s) \<longrightarrow> (\<exists>th'. th' \<in> readys s \<and> (y, Th th') \<in> (RAG s)\<^sup>+)"
    show "x \<in> Domain (RAG s) \<longrightarrow> (\<exists>th'. th' \<in> readys s \<and> (x, Th th') \<in> (RAG s)\<^sup>+)"
    proof
      assume x_d: "x \<in> Domain (RAG s)"
      show "\<exists>th'. th' \<in> readys s \<and> (x, Th th') \<in> (RAG s)\<^sup>+"
      proof(cases x)
        case (Th th)
        from x_d Th obtain cs where x_in: "(Th th, Cs cs) \<in> RAG s" by (auto simp:s_RAG_def)
        with Th have x_in_r: "(Cs cs, x) \<in> (RAG s)^-1" by simp
        from th_chasing [OF x_in] obtain th' where "(Cs cs, Th th') \<in> RAG s" by blast
        hence "Cs cs \<in> Domain (RAG s)" by auto
        from ih [OF x_in_r this] obtain th'
          where th'_ready: " th' \<in> readys s" and cs_in: "(Cs cs, Th th') \<in> (RAG s)\<^sup>+" by auto
        have "(x, Th th') \<in> (RAG s)\<^sup>+" using Th x_in cs_in by auto
        with th'_ready show ?thesis by auto
      next
        case (Cs cs)
        from x_d Cs obtain th' where th'_d: "(Th th', x) \<in> (RAG s)^-1" by (auto simp:s_RAG_def)
        show ?thesis
        proof(cases "th' \<in> readys s")
          case True
          from True and th'_d show ?thesis by auto
        next
          case False
          from th'_d and range_in  have "th' \<in> threads s" by auto
          with False have "Th th' \<in> Domain (RAG s)" 
            by (auto simp:readys_def wq_def s_waiting_def s_RAG_def cs_waiting_def Domain_def)
          from ih [OF th'_d this]
          obtain th'' where 
            th''_r: "th'' \<in> readys s" and 
            th''_in: "(Th th', Th th'') \<in> (RAG s)\<^sup>+" by auto
          from th'_d and th''_in 
          have "(x, Th th'') \<in> (RAG s)\<^sup>+" by auto
          with th''_r show ?thesis by auto
        qed
      qed
    qed
  qed
qed

text {* \noindent
  The following is just an instance of @{text "chain_building"}.
*}
lemma th_chain_to_ready:
  assumes th_in: "th \<in> threads s"
  shows "th \<in> readys s \<or> (\<exists> th'. th' \<in> readys s \<and> (Th th, Th th') \<in> (RAG s)^+)"
proof(cases "th \<in> readys s")
  case True
  thus ?thesis by auto
next
  case False
  from False and th_in have "Th th \<in> Domain (RAG s)" 
    by (auto simp:readys_def s_waiting_def s_RAG_def wq_def cs_waiting_def Domain_def)
  from chain_building [rule_format, OF this]
  show ?thesis by auto
qed

end



lemma holding_unique: "\<lbrakk>holding (s::state) th1 cs; holding s th2 cs\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> th1 = th2"
  by (unfold s_holding_def cs_holding_def, auto)

context valid_trace
begin

lemma unique_RAG: "\<lbrakk>(n, n1) \<in> RAG s; (n, n2) \<in> RAG s\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> n1 = n2"
  apply(unfold s_RAG_def, auto, fold waiting_eq holding_eq)
  by(auto elim:waiting_unique holding_unique)

end


lemma trancl_split: "(a, b) \<in> r^+ \<Longrightarrow> \<exists> c. (a, c) \<in> r"
by (induct rule:trancl_induct, auto)

context valid_trace
begin

lemma dchain_unique:
  assumes th1_d: "(n, Th th1) \<in> (RAG s)^+"
  and th1_r: "th1 \<in> readys s"
  and th2_d: "(n, Th th2) \<in> (RAG s)^+"
  and th2_r: "th2 \<in> readys s"
  shows "th1 = th2"
proof -
  { assume neq: "th1 \<noteq> th2"
    hence "Th th1 \<noteq> Th th2" by simp
    from unique_chain [OF _ th1_d th2_d this] and unique_RAG 
    have "(Th th1, Th th2) \<in> (RAG s)\<^sup>+ \<or> (Th th2, Th th1) \<in> (RAG s)\<^sup>+" by auto
    hence "False"
    proof
      assume "(Th th1, Th th2) \<in> (RAG s)\<^sup>+"
      from trancl_split [OF this]
      obtain n where dd: "(Th th1, n) \<in> RAG s" by auto
      then obtain cs where eq_n: "n = Cs cs"
        by (auto simp:s_RAG_def s_holding_def cs_holding_def cs_waiting_def wq_def dest:hd_np_in)
      from dd eq_n have "th1 \<notin> readys s"
        by (auto simp:readys_def s_RAG_def wq_def s_waiting_def cs_waiting_def)
      with th1_r show ?thesis by auto
    next
      assume "(Th th2, Th th1) \<in> (RAG s)\<^sup>+"
      from trancl_split [OF this]
      obtain n where dd: "(Th th2, n) \<in> RAG s" by auto
      then obtain cs where eq_n: "n = Cs cs"
        by (auto simp:s_RAG_def s_holding_def cs_holding_def cs_waiting_def wq_def dest:hd_np_in)
      from dd eq_n have "th2 \<notin> readys s"
        by (auto simp:readys_def wq_def s_RAG_def s_waiting_def cs_waiting_def)
      with th2_r show ?thesis by auto
    qed
  } thus ?thesis by auto
qed

end
             

lemma step_holdents_p_add:
  assumes vt: "vt (P th cs#s)"
  and "wq s cs = []"
  shows "holdents (P th cs#s) th = holdents s th \<union> {cs}"
proof -
  from assms show ?thesis
  unfolding  holdents_test step_RAG_p[OF vt] by (auto)
qed

lemma step_holdents_p_eq:
  assumes vt: "vt (P th cs#s)"
  and "wq s cs \<noteq> []"
  shows "holdents (P th cs#s) th = holdents s th"
proof -
  from assms show ?thesis
  unfolding  holdents_test step_RAG_p[OF vt] by auto
qed


lemma (in valid_trace) finite_holding :
  shows "finite (holdents s th)"
proof -
  let ?F = "\<lambda> (x, y). the_cs x"
  from finite_RAG 
  have "finite (RAG s)" .
  hence "finite (?F `(RAG s))" by simp
  moreover have "{cs . (Cs cs, Th th) \<in> RAG s} \<subseteq> \<dots>" 
  proof -
    { have h: "\<And> a A f. a \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> f a \<in> f ` A" by auto
      fix x assume "(Cs x, Th th) \<in> RAG s"
      hence "?F (Cs x, Th th) \<in> ?F `(RAG s)" by (rule h)
      moreover have "?F (Cs x, Th th) = x" by simp
      ultimately have "x \<in> (\<lambda>(x, y). the_cs x) ` RAG s" by simp 
    } thus ?thesis by auto
  qed
  ultimately show ?thesis by (unfold holdents_test, auto intro:finite_subset)
qed

lemma cntCS_v_dec: 
  assumes vtv: "vt (V thread cs#s)"
  shows "(cntCS (V thread cs#s) thread + 1) = cntCS s thread"
proof -
  from vtv interpret vt_s: valid_trace s
    by (cases, unfold_locales, simp)
  from vtv interpret vt_v: valid_trace "V thread cs#s"
     by (unfold_locales, simp)
  from step_back_step[OF vtv]
  have cs_in: "cs \<in> holdents s thread" 
    apply (cases, unfold holdents_test s_RAG_def, simp)
    by (unfold cs_holding_def s_holding_def wq_def, auto)
  moreover have cs_not_in: 
    "(holdents (V thread cs#s) thread) = holdents s thread - {cs}"
    apply (insert vt_s.wq_distinct[of cs])
    apply (unfold holdents_test, unfold step_RAG_v[OF vtv],
            auto simp:next_th_def)
  proof -
    fix rest
    assume dst: "distinct (rest::thread list)"
      and ne: "rest \<noteq> []"
    and hd_ni: "hd (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) \<notin> set rest"
    moreover have "set (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) = set rest"
    proof(rule someI2)
      from dst show "distinct rest \<and> set rest = set rest" by auto
    next
      show "\<And>x. distinct x \<and> set x = set rest \<Longrightarrow> set x = set rest" by auto
    qed
    ultimately have "hd (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) \<notin> 
                     set (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest)" by simp
    moreover have "(SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) \<noteq> []"
    proof(rule someI2)
      from dst show "distinct rest \<and> set rest = set rest" by auto
    next
      fix x assume " distinct x \<and> set x = set rest" with ne
      show "x \<noteq> []" by auto
    qed
    ultimately 
    show "(Cs cs, Th (hd (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest))) \<in> RAG s"
      by auto
  next
    fix rest
    assume dst: "distinct (rest::thread list)"
      and ne: "rest \<noteq> []"
    and hd_ni: "hd (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) \<notin> set rest"
    moreover have "set (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) = set rest"
    proof(rule someI2)
      from dst show "distinct rest \<and> set rest = set rest" by auto
    next
      show "\<And>x. distinct x \<and> set x = set rest \<Longrightarrow> set x = set rest" by auto
    qed
    ultimately have "hd (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) \<notin> 
                     set (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest)" by simp
    moreover have "(SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) \<noteq> []"
    proof(rule someI2)
      from dst show "distinct rest \<and> set rest = set rest" by auto
    next
      fix x assume " distinct x \<and> set x = set rest" with ne
      show "x \<noteq> []" by auto
    qed
    ultimately show "False" by auto 
  qed
  ultimately 
  have "holdents s thread = insert cs (holdents (V thread cs#s) thread)"
    by auto
  moreover have "card \<dots> = 
                    Suc (card ((holdents (V thread cs#s) thread) - {cs}))"
  proof(rule card_insert)
    from vt_v.finite_holding
    show " finite (holdents (V thread cs # s) thread)" .
  qed
  moreover from cs_not_in 
  have "cs \<notin> (holdents (V thread cs#s) thread)" by auto
  ultimately show ?thesis by (simp add:cntCS_def)
qed 

lemma count_rec1 [simp]: 
  assumes "Q e"
  shows "count Q (e#es) = Suc (count Q es)"
  using assms
  by (unfold count_def, auto)

lemma count_rec2 [simp]: 
  assumes "\<not>Q e"
  shows "count Q (e#es) = (count Q es)"
  using assms
  by (unfold count_def, auto)

lemma count_rec3 [simp]: 
  shows "count Q [] =  0"
  by (unfold count_def, auto)

lemma cntP_diff_inv:
  assumes "cntP (e#s) th \<noteq> cntP s th"
  shows "isP e \<and> actor e = th"
proof(cases e)
  case (P th' pty)
  show ?thesis
  by (cases "(\<lambda>e. \<exists>cs. e = P th cs) (P th' pty)", 
        insert assms P, auto simp:cntP_def)
qed (insert assms, auto simp:cntP_def)
  
lemma cntV_diff_inv:
  assumes "cntV (e#s) th \<noteq> cntV s th"
  shows "isV e \<and> actor e = th"
proof(cases e)
  case (V th' pty)
  show ?thesis
  by (cases "(\<lambda>e. \<exists>cs. e = V th cs) (V th' pty)", 
        insert assms V, auto simp:cntV_def)
qed (insert assms, auto simp:cntV_def)

context valid_trace
begin

text {* (* ddd *) \noindent
  The relationship between @{text "cntP"}, @{text "cntV"} and @{text "cntCS"} 
  of one particular thread. 
*} 

lemma cnp_cnv_cncs:
  shows "cntP s th = cntV s th + (if (th \<in> readys s \<or> th \<notin> threads s) 
                                       then cntCS s th else cntCS s th + 1)"
proof -
  from vt show ?thesis
  proof(induct arbitrary:th)
    case (vt_cons s e)
    interpret vt_s: valid_trace s using vt_cons(1) by (unfold_locales, simp)
    assume vt: "vt s"
    and ih: "\<And>th. cntP s th  = cntV s th +
               (if (th \<in> readys s \<or> th \<notin> threads s) then cntCS s th else cntCS s th + 1)"
    and stp: "step s e"
    from stp show ?case
    proof(cases)
      case (thread_create thread prio)
      assume eq_e: "e = Create thread prio"
        and not_in: "thread \<notin> threads s"
      show ?thesis
      proof -
        { fix cs 
          assume "thread \<in> set (wq s cs)"
          from vt_s.wq_threads [OF this] have "thread \<in> threads s" .
          with not_in have "False" by simp
        } with eq_e have eq_readys: "readys (e#s) = readys s \<union> {thread}"
          by (auto simp:readys_def threads.simps s_waiting_def 
            wq_def cs_waiting_def Let_def)
        from eq_e have eq_cnp: "cntP (e#s) th = cntP s th" by (simp add:cntP_def count_def)
        from eq_e have eq_cnv: "cntV (e#s) th = cntV s th" by (simp add:cntV_def count_def)
        have eq_cncs: "cntCS (e#s) th = cntCS s th"
          unfolding cntCS_def holdents_test
          by (simp add:RAG_create_unchanged eq_e)
        { assume "th \<noteq> thread"
          with eq_readys eq_e
          have "(th \<in> readys (e # s) \<or> th \<notin> threads (e # s)) = 
                      (th \<in> readys (s) \<or> th \<notin> threads (s))" 
            by (simp add:threads.simps)
          with eq_cnp eq_cnv eq_cncs ih not_in
          have ?thesis by simp
        } moreover {
          assume eq_th: "th = thread"
          with not_in ih have " cntP s th  = cntV s th + cntCS s th" by simp
          moreover from eq_th and eq_readys have "th \<in> readys (e#s)" by simp
          moreover note eq_cnp eq_cnv eq_cncs
          ultimately have ?thesis by auto
        } ultimately show ?thesis by blast
      qed
    next
      case (thread_exit thread)
      assume eq_e: "e = Exit thread" 
      and is_runing: "thread \<in> runing s"
      and no_hold: "holdents s thread = {}"
      from eq_e have eq_cnp: "cntP (e#s) th = cntP s th" by (simp add:cntP_def count_def)
      from eq_e have eq_cnv: "cntV (e#s) th = cntV s th" by (simp add:cntV_def count_def)
      have eq_cncs: "cntCS (e#s) th = cntCS s th"
        unfolding cntCS_def holdents_test
        by (simp add:RAG_exit_unchanged eq_e)
      { assume "th \<noteq> thread"
        with eq_e
        have "(th \<in> readys (e # s) \<or> th \<notin> threads (e # s)) = 
          (th \<in> readys (s) \<or> th \<notin> threads (s))" 
          apply (simp add:threads.simps readys_def)
          apply (subst s_waiting_def)
          apply (simp add:Let_def)
          apply (subst s_waiting_def, simp)
          done
        with eq_cnp eq_cnv eq_cncs ih
        have ?thesis by simp
      } moreover {
        assume eq_th: "th = thread"
        with ih is_runing have " cntP s th = cntV s th + cntCS s th" 
          by (simp add:runing_def)
        moreover from eq_th eq_e have "th \<notin> threads (e#s)"
          by simp
        moreover note eq_cnp eq_cnv eq_cncs
        ultimately have ?thesis by auto
      } ultimately show ?thesis by blast
    next
      case (thread_P thread cs)
      assume eq_e: "e = P thread cs"
        and is_runing: "thread \<in> runing s"
        and no_dep: "(Cs cs, Th thread) \<notin> (RAG s)\<^sup>+"
      from thread_P vt stp ih  have vtp: "vt (P thread cs#s)" by auto
      then interpret vt_p: valid_trace "(P thread cs#s)"
        by (unfold_locales, simp)
      show ?thesis 
      proof -
        { have hh: "\<And> A B C. (B = C) \<Longrightarrow> (A \<and> B) = (A \<and> C)" by blast
          assume neq_th: "th \<noteq> thread"
          with eq_e
          have eq_readys: "(th \<in> readys (e#s)) = (th \<in> readys (s))"
            apply (simp add:readys_def s_waiting_def wq_def Let_def)
            apply (rule_tac hh)
             apply (intro iffI allI, clarify)
            apply (erule_tac x = csa in allE, auto)
            apply (subgoal_tac "wq_fun (schs s) cs \<noteq> []", auto)
            apply (erule_tac x = cs in allE, auto)
            by (case_tac "(wq_fun (schs s) cs)", auto)
          moreover from neq_th eq_e have "cntCS (e # s) th = cntCS s th"
            apply (simp add:cntCS_def holdents_test)
            by (unfold  step_RAG_p [OF vtp], auto)
          moreover from eq_e neq_th have "cntP (e # s) th = cntP s th"
            by (simp add:cntP_def count_def)
          moreover from eq_e neq_th have "cntV (e#s) th = cntV s th"
            by (simp add:cntV_def count_def)
          moreover from eq_e neq_th have "threads (e#s) = threads s" by simp
          moreover note ih [of th] 
          ultimately have ?thesis by simp
        } moreover {
          assume eq_th: "th = thread"
          have ?thesis
          proof -
            from eq_e eq_th have eq_cnp: "cntP (e # s) th  = 1 + (cntP s th)" 
              by (simp add:cntP_def count_def)
            from eq_e eq_th have eq_cnv: "cntV (e#s) th = cntV s th"
              by (simp add:cntV_def count_def)
            show ?thesis
            proof (cases "wq s cs = []")
              case True
              with is_runing
              have "th \<in> readys (e#s)"
                apply (unfold eq_e wq_def, unfold readys_def s_RAG_def)
                apply (simp add: wq_def[symmetric] runing_def eq_th s_waiting_def)
                by (auto simp:readys_def wq_def Let_def s_waiting_def wq_def)
              moreover have "cntCS (e # s) th = 1 + cntCS s th"
              proof -
                have "card {csa. csa = cs \<or> (Cs csa, Th thread) \<in> RAG s} =
                  Suc (card {cs. (Cs cs, Th thread) \<in> RAG s})" (is "card ?L = Suc (card ?R)")
                proof -
                  have "?L = insert cs ?R" by auto
                  moreover have "card \<dots> = Suc (card (?R - {cs}))" 
                  proof(rule card_insert)
                    from vt_s.finite_holding [of thread]
                    show " finite {cs. (Cs cs, Th thread) \<in> RAG s}"
                      by (unfold holdents_test, simp)
                  qed
                  moreover have "?R - {cs} = ?R"
                  proof -
                    have "cs \<notin> ?R"
                    proof
                      assume "cs \<in> {cs. (Cs cs, Th thread) \<in> RAG s}"
                      with no_dep show False by auto
                    qed
                    thus ?thesis by auto
                  qed
                  ultimately show ?thesis by auto
                qed
                thus ?thesis
                  apply (unfold eq_e eq_th cntCS_def)
                  apply (simp add: holdents_test)
                  by (unfold step_RAG_p [OF vtp], auto simp:True)
              qed
              moreover from is_runing have "th \<in> readys s"
                by (simp add:runing_def eq_th)
              moreover note eq_cnp eq_cnv ih [of th]
              ultimately show ?thesis by auto
            next
              case False
              have eq_wq: "wq (e#s) cs = wq s cs @ [th]"
                    by (unfold eq_th eq_e wq_def, auto simp:Let_def)
              have "th \<notin> readys (e#s)"
              proof
                assume "th \<in> readys (e#s)"
                hence "\<forall>cs. \<not> waiting (e # s) th cs" by (simp add:readys_def)
                from this[rule_format, of cs] have " \<not> waiting (e # s) th cs" .
                hence "th \<in> set (wq (e#s) cs) \<Longrightarrow> th = hd (wq (e#s) cs)" 
                  by (simp add:s_waiting_def wq_def)
                moreover from eq_wq have "th \<in> set (wq (e#s) cs)" by auto
                ultimately have "th = hd (wq (e#s) cs)" by blast
                with eq_wq have "th = hd (wq s cs @ [th])" by simp
                hence "th = hd (wq s cs)" using False by auto
                with False eq_wq vt_p.wq_distinct [of cs]
                show False by (fold eq_e, auto)
              qed
              moreover from is_runing have "th \<in> threads (e#s)" 
                by (unfold eq_e, auto simp:runing_def readys_def eq_th)
              moreover have "cntCS (e # s) th = cntCS s th"
                apply (unfold cntCS_def holdents_test eq_e step_RAG_p[OF vtp])
                by (auto simp:False)
              moreover note eq_cnp eq_cnv ih[of th]
              moreover from is_runing have "th \<in> readys s"
                by (simp add:runing_def eq_th)
              ultimately show ?thesis by auto
            qed
          qed
        } ultimately show ?thesis by blast
      qed
    next
      case (thread_V thread cs)
      from assms vt stp ih thread_V have vtv: "vt (V thread cs # s)" by auto
      then interpret vt_v: valid_trace "(V thread cs # s)" by (unfold_locales, simp)
      assume eq_e: "e = V thread cs"
        and is_runing: "thread \<in> runing s"
        and hold: "holding s thread cs"
      from hold obtain rest 
        where eq_wq: "wq s cs = thread # rest"
        by (case_tac "wq s cs", auto simp: wq_def s_holding_def)
      have eq_threads: "threads (e#s) = threads s" by (simp add: eq_e)
      have eq_set: "set (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) = set rest"
      proof(rule someI2)
        from vt_v.wq_distinct[of cs] and eq_wq
        show "distinct rest \<and> set rest = set rest"
          by (metis distinct.simps(2) vt_s.wq_distinct)
      next
        show "\<And>x. distinct x \<and> set x = set rest \<Longrightarrow> set x = set rest"
          by auto
      qed
      show ?thesis
      proof -
        { assume eq_th: "th = thread"
          from eq_th have eq_cnp: "cntP (e # s) th = cntP s th"
            by (unfold eq_e, simp add:cntP_def count_def)
          moreover from eq_th have eq_cnv: "cntV (e#s) th = 1 + cntV s th"
            by (unfold eq_e, simp add:cntV_def count_def)
          moreover from cntCS_v_dec [OF vtv] 
          have "cntCS (e # s) thread + 1 = cntCS s thread"
            by (simp add:eq_e)
          moreover from is_runing have rd_before: "thread \<in> readys s"
            by (unfold runing_def, simp)
          moreover have "thread \<in> readys (e # s)"
          proof -
            from is_runing
            have "thread \<in> threads (e#s)" 
              by (unfold eq_e, auto simp:runing_def readys_def)
            moreover have "\<forall> cs1. \<not> waiting (e#s) thread cs1"
            proof
              fix cs1
              { assume eq_cs: "cs1 = cs" 
                have "\<not> waiting (e # s) thread cs1"
                proof -
                  from eq_wq
                  have "thread \<notin> set (wq (e#s) cs1)"
                    apply(unfold eq_e wq_def eq_cs s_holding_def)
                    apply (auto simp:Let_def)
                  proof -
                    assume "thread \<in> set (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest)"
                    with eq_set have "thread \<in> set rest" by simp
                    with vt_v.wq_distinct[of cs]
                    and eq_wq show False
                        by (metis distinct.simps(2) vt_s.wq_distinct)
                  qed
                  thus ?thesis by (simp add:wq_def s_waiting_def)
                qed
              } moreover {
                assume neq_cs: "cs1 \<noteq> cs"
                  have "\<not> waiting (e # s) thread cs1" 
                  proof -
                    from wq_v_neq [OF neq_cs[symmetric]]
                    have "wq (V thread cs # s) cs1 = wq s cs1" .
                    moreover have "\<not> waiting s thread cs1" 
                    proof -
                      from runing_ready and is_runing
                      have "thread \<in> readys s" by auto
                      thus ?thesis by (simp add:readys_def)
                    qed
                    ultimately show ?thesis 
                      by (auto simp:wq_def s_waiting_def eq_e)
                  qed
              } ultimately show "\<not> waiting (e # s) thread cs1" by blast
            qed
            ultimately show ?thesis by (simp add:readys_def)
          qed
          moreover note eq_th ih
          ultimately have ?thesis by auto
        } moreover {
          assume neq_th: "th \<noteq> thread"
          from neq_th eq_e have eq_cnp: "cntP (e # s) th = cntP s th" 
            by (simp add:cntP_def count_def)
          from neq_th eq_e have eq_cnv: "cntV (e # s) th = cntV s th" 
            by (simp add:cntV_def count_def)
          have ?thesis
          proof(cases "th \<in> set rest")
            case False
            have "(th \<in> readys (e # s)) = (th \<in> readys s)"
              apply (insert step_back_vt[OF vtv])
              by (simp add: False eq_e eq_wq neq_th vt_s.readys_v_eq)
            moreover have "cntCS (e#s) th = cntCS s th"
              apply (insert neq_th, unfold eq_e cntCS_def holdents_test step_RAG_v[OF vtv], auto)
              proof -
                have "{csa. (Cs csa, Th th) \<in> RAG s \<or> csa = cs \<and> next_th s thread cs th} =
                      {cs. (Cs cs, Th th) \<in> RAG s}"
                proof -
                  from False eq_wq
                  have " next_th s thread cs th \<Longrightarrow> (Cs cs, Th th) \<in> RAG s"
                    apply (unfold next_th_def, auto)
                  proof -
                    assume ne: "rest \<noteq> []"
                      and ni: "hd (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) \<notin> set rest"
                      and eq_wq: "wq s cs = thread # rest"
                    from eq_set ni have "hd (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) \<notin> 
                                  set (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest)
                                  " by simp
                    moreover have "(SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) \<noteq> []"
                    proof(rule someI2)
                      from vt_s.wq_distinct[ of cs] and eq_wq
                      show "distinct rest \<and> set rest = set rest" by auto
                    next
                      fix x assume "distinct x \<and> set x = set rest"
                      with ne show "x \<noteq> []" by auto
                    qed
                    ultimately show 
                      "(Cs cs, Th (hd (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest))) \<in> RAG s"
                      by auto
                  qed    
                  thus ?thesis by auto
                qed
                thus "card {csa. (Cs csa, Th th) \<in> RAG s \<or> csa = cs \<and> next_th s thread cs th} =
                             card {cs. (Cs cs, Th th) \<in> RAG s}" by simp 
              qed
            moreover note ih eq_cnp eq_cnv eq_threads
            ultimately show ?thesis by auto
          next
            case True
            assume th_in: "th \<in> set rest"
            show ?thesis
            proof(cases "next_th s thread cs th")
              case False
              with eq_wq and th_in have 
                neq_hd: "th \<noteq> hd (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest)" (is "th \<noteq> hd ?rest")
                by (auto simp:next_th_def)
              have "(th \<in> readys (e # s)) = (th \<in> readys s)"
              proof -
                from eq_wq and th_in
                have "\<not> th \<in> readys s"
                  apply (auto simp:readys_def s_waiting_def)
                  apply (rule_tac x = cs in exI, auto)
                  by (insert vt_s.wq_distinct[of cs], auto simp add: wq_def)
                moreover 
                from eq_wq and th_in and neq_hd
                have "\<not> (th \<in> readys (e # s))"
                  apply (auto simp:readys_def s_waiting_def eq_e wq_def Let_def split:list.splits)
                  by (rule_tac x = cs in exI, auto simp:eq_set)
                ultimately show ?thesis by auto
              qed
              moreover have "cntCS (e#s) th = cntCS s th" 
              proof -
                from eq_wq and  th_in and neq_hd
                have "(holdents (e # s) th) = (holdents s th)"
                  apply (unfold eq_e step_RAG_v[OF vtv], 
                         auto simp:next_th_def eq_set s_RAG_def holdents_test wq_def
                                   Let_def cs_holding_def)
                  by (insert vt_s.wq_distinct[of cs], auto simp:wq_def)
                thus ?thesis by (simp add:cntCS_def)
              qed
              moreover note ih eq_cnp eq_cnv eq_threads
              ultimately show ?thesis by auto
            next
              case True
              let ?rest = " (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest)"
              let ?t = "hd ?rest"
              from True eq_wq th_in neq_th
              have "th \<in> readys (e # s)"
                apply (auto simp:eq_e readys_def s_waiting_def wq_def
                        Let_def next_th_def)
              proof -
                assume eq_wq: "wq_fun (schs s) cs = thread # rest"
                  and t_in: "?t \<in> set rest"
                show "?t \<in> threads s"
                proof(rule vt_s.wq_threads)
                  from eq_wq and t_in
                  show "?t \<in> set (wq s cs)" by (auto simp:wq_def)
                qed
              next
                fix csa
                assume eq_wq: "wq_fun (schs s) cs = thread # rest"
                  and t_in: "?t \<in> set rest"
                  and neq_cs: "csa \<noteq> cs"
                  and t_in': "?t \<in>  set (wq_fun (schs s) csa)"
                show "?t = hd (wq_fun (schs s) csa)"
                proof -
                  { assume neq_hd': "?t \<noteq> hd (wq_fun (schs s) csa)"
                    from vt_s.wq_distinct[of cs] and 
                    eq_wq[folded wq_def] and t_in eq_wq
                    have "?t \<noteq> thread" by auto
                    with eq_wq and t_in
                    have w1: "waiting s ?t cs"
                      by (auto simp:s_waiting_def wq_def)
                    from t_in' neq_hd'
                    have w2: "waiting s ?t csa"
                      by (auto simp:s_waiting_def wq_def)
                    from vt_s.waiting_unique[OF w1 w2]
                    and neq_cs have "False" by auto
                  } thus ?thesis by auto
                qed
              qed
              moreover have "cntP s th = cntV s th + cntCS s th + 1"
              proof -
                have "th \<notin> readys s" 
                proof -
                  from True eq_wq neq_th th_in
                  show ?thesis
                    apply (unfold readys_def s_waiting_def, auto)
                    by (rule_tac x = cs in exI, auto simp add: wq_def)
                qed
                moreover have "th \<in> threads s"
                proof -
                  from th_in eq_wq
                  have "th \<in> set (wq s cs)" by simp
                  from vt_s.wq_threads [OF this] 
                  show ?thesis .
                qed
                ultimately show ?thesis using ih by auto
              qed
              moreover from True neq_th have "cntCS (e # s) th = 1 + cntCS s th"
                apply (unfold cntCS_def holdents_test eq_e step_RAG_v[OF vtv], auto)
              proof -
                show "card {csa. (Cs csa, Th th) \<in> RAG s \<or> csa = cs} =
                               Suc (card {cs. (Cs cs, Th th) \<in> RAG s})"
                  (is "card ?A = Suc (card ?B)")
                proof -
                  have "?A = insert cs ?B" by auto
                  hence "card ?A = card (insert cs ?B)" by simp
                  also have "\<dots> = Suc (card ?B)"
                  proof(rule card_insert_disjoint)
                    have "?B \<subseteq> ((\<lambda> (x, y). the_cs x) ` RAG s)" 
                      apply (auto simp:image_def)
                      by (rule_tac x = "(Cs x, Th th)" in bexI, auto)
                    with vt_s.finite_RAG
                    show "finite {cs. (Cs cs, Th th) \<in> RAG s}" by (auto intro:finite_subset)
                  next
                    show "cs \<notin> {cs. (Cs cs, Th th) \<in> RAG s}"
                    proof
                      assume "cs \<in> {cs. (Cs cs, Th th) \<in> RAG s}"
                      hence "(Cs cs, Th th) \<in> RAG s" by simp
                      with True neq_th eq_wq show False
                        by (auto simp:next_th_def s_RAG_def cs_holding_def)
                    qed
                  qed
                  finally show ?thesis .
                qed
              qed
              moreover note eq_cnp eq_cnv
              ultimately show ?thesis by simp
            qed
          qed
        } ultimately show ?thesis by blast
      qed
    next
      case (thread_set thread prio)
      assume eq_e: "e = Set thread prio"
        and is_runing: "thread \<in> runing s"
      show ?thesis
      proof -
        from eq_e have eq_cnp: "cntP (e#s) th = cntP s th" by (simp add:cntP_def count_def)
        from eq_e have eq_cnv: "cntV (e#s) th = cntV s th" by (simp add:cntV_def count_def)
        have eq_cncs: "cntCS (e#s) th = cntCS s th"
          unfolding cntCS_def holdents_test
          by (simp add:RAG_set_unchanged eq_e)
        from eq_e have eq_readys: "readys (e#s) = readys s" 
          by (simp add:readys_def cs_waiting_def s_waiting_def wq_def,
                  auto simp:Let_def)
        { assume "th \<noteq> thread"
          with eq_readys eq_e
          have "(th \<in> readys (e # s) \<or> th \<notin> threads (e # s)) = 
                      (th \<in> readys (s) \<or> th \<notin> threads (s))" 
            by (simp add:threads.simps)
          with eq_cnp eq_cnv eq_cncs ih is_runing
          have ?thesis by simp
        } moreover {
          assume eq_th: "th = thread"
          with is_runing ih have " cntP s th  = cntV s th + cntCS s th" 
            by (unfold runing_def, auto)
          moreover from eq_th and eq_readys is_runing have "th \<in> readys (e#s)"
            by (simp add:runing_def)
          moreover note eq_cnp eq_cnv eq_cncs
          ultimately have ?thesis by auto
        } ultimately show ?thesis by blast
      qed   
    qed
  next
    case vt_nil
    show ?case 
      by (unfold cntP_def cntV_def cntCS_def, 
        auto simp:count_def holdents_test s_RAG_def wq_def cs_holding_def)
  qed
qed

lemma not_thread_cncs:
  assumes not_in: "th \<notin> threads s" 
  shows "cntCS s th = 0"
proof -
  from vt not_in show ?thesis
  proof(induct arbitrary:th)
    case (vt_cons s e th)
    interpret vt_s: valid_trace s using vt_cons(1)
       by (unfold_locales, simp)
    assume vt: "vt s"
      and ih: "\<And>th. th \<notin> threads s \<Longrightarrow> cntCS s th = 0"
      and stp: "step s e"
      and not_in: "th \<notin> threads (e # s)"
    from stp show ?case
    proof(cases)
      case (thread_create thread prio)
      assume eq_e: "e = Create thread prio"
        and not_in': "thread \<notin> threads s"
      have "cntCS (e # s) th = cntCS s th"
        apply (unfold eq_e cntCS_def holdents_test)
        by (simp add:RAG_create_unchanged)
      moreover have "th \<notin> threads s" 
      proof -
        from not_in eq_e show ?thesis by simp
      qed
      moreover note ih ultimately show ?thesis by auto
    next
      case (thread_exit thread)
      assume eq_e: "e = Exit thread"
      and nh: "holdents s thread = {}"
      have eq_cns: "cntCS (e # s) th = cntCS s th"
        apply (unfold eq_e cntCS_def holdents_test)
        by (simp add:RAG_exit_unchanged)
      show ?thesis
      proof(cases "th = thread")
        case True
        have "cntCS s th = 0" by (unfold cntCS_def, auto simp:nh True)
        with eq_cns show ?thesis by simp
      next
        case False
        with not_in and eq_e
        have "th \<notin> threads s" by simp
        from ih[OF this] and eq_cns show ?thesis by simp
      qed
    next
      case (thread_P thread cs)
      assume eq_e: "e = P thread cs"
      and is_runing: "thread \<in> runing s"
      from assms thread_P ih vt stp thread_P have vtp: "vt (P thread cs#s)" by auto
      have neq_th: "th \<noteq> thread" 
      proof -
        from not_in eq_e have "th \<notin> threads s" by simp
        moreover from is_runing have "thread \<in> threads s"
          by (simp add:runing_def readys_def)
        ultimately show ?thesis by auto
      qed
      hence "cntCS (e # s) th  = cntCS s th "
        apply (unfold cntCS_def holdents_test eq_e)
        by (unfold step_RAG_p[OF vtp], auto)
      moreover have "cntCS s th = 0"
      proof(rule ih)
        from not_in eq_e show "th \<notin> threads s" by simp
      qed
      ultimately show ?thesis by simp
    next
      case (thread_V thread cs)
      assume eq_e: "e = V thread cs"
        and is_runing: "thread \<in> runing s"
        and hold: "holding s thread cs"
      have neq_th: "th \<noteq> thread" 
      proof -
        from not_in eq_e have "th \<notin> threads s" by simp
        moreover from is_runing have "thread \<in> threads s"
          by (simp add:runing_def readys_def)
        ultimately show ?thesis by auto
      qed
      from assms thread_V vt stp ih 
      have vtv: "vt (V thread cs#s)" by auto
      then interpret vt_v: valid_trace "(V thread cs#s)"
        by (unfold_locales, simp)
      from hold obtain rest 
        where eq_wq: "wq s cs = thread # rest"
        by (case_tac "wq s cs", auto simp: wq_def s_holding_def)
      from not_in eq_e eq_wq
      have "\<not> next_th s thread cs th"
        apply (auto simp:next_th_def)
      proof -
        assume ne: "rest \<noteq> []"
          and ni: "hd (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) \<notin> threads s" (is "?t \<notin> threads s")
        have "?t \<in> set rest"
        proof(rule someI2)
          from vt_v.wq_distinct[of cs] and eq_wq
          show "distinct rest \<and> set rest = set rest"
            by (metis distinct.simps(2) vt_s.wq_distinct) 
        next
          fix x assume "distinct x \<and> set x = set rest" with ne
          show "hd x \<in> set rest" by (cases x, auto)
        qed
        with eq_wq have "?t \<in> set (wq s cs)" by simp
        from vt_s.wq_threads[OF this] and ni
        show False
          using `hd (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest) \<in> set (wq s cs)` 
            ni vt_s.wq_threads by blast 
      qed
      moreover note neq_th eq_wq
      ultimately have "cntCS (e # s) th  = cntCS s th"
        by (unfold eq_e cntCS_def holdents_test step_RAG_v[OF vtv], auto)
      moreover have "cntCS s th = 0"
      proof(rule ih)
        from not_in eq_e show "th \<notin> threads s" by simp
      qed
      ultimately show ?thesis by simp
    next
      case (thread_set thread prio)
      print_facts
      assume eq_e: "e = Set thread prio"
        and is_runing: "thread \<in> runing s"
      from not_in and eq_e have "th \<notin> threads s" by auto
      from ih [OF this] and eq_e
      show ?thesis 
        apply (unfold eq_e cntCS_def holdents_test)
        by (simp add:RAG_set_unchanged)
    qed
    next
      case vt_nil
      show ?case
      by (unfold cntCS_def, 
        auto simp:count_def holdents_test s_RAG_def wq_def cs_holding_def)
  qed
qed

end


context valid_trace
begin

lemma dm_RAG_threads:
  assumes in_dom: "(Th th) \<in> Domain (RAG s)"
  shows "th \<in> threads s"
proof -
  from in_dom obtain n where "(Th th, n) \<in> RAG s" by auto
  moreover from RAG_target_th[OF this] obtain cs where "n = Cs cs" by auto
  ultimately have "(Th th, Cs cs) \<in> RAG s" by simp
  hence "th \<in> set (wq s cs)"
    by (unfold s_RAG_def, auto simp:cs_waiting_def)
  from wq_threads [OF this] show ?thesis .
qed

end

lemma cp_eq_cpreced: "cp s th = cpreced (wq s) s th"
unfolding cp_def wq_def
apply(induct s rule: schs.induct)
thm cpreced_initial
apply(simp add: Let_def cpreced_initial)
apply(simp add: Let_def)
apply(simp add: Let_def)
apply(simp add: Let_def)
apply(subst (2) schs.simps)
apply(simp add: Let_def)
apply(subst (2) schs.simps)
apply(simp add: Let_def)
done

context valid_trace
begin

lemma runing_unique:
  assumes runing_1: "th1 \<in> runing s"
  and runing_2: "th2 \<in> runing s"
  shows "th1 = th2"
proof -
  from runing_1 and runing_2 have "cp s th1 = cp s th2"
    unfolding runing_def
    apply(simp)
    done
  hence eq_max: "Max ((\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` ({th1} \<union> dependants (wq s) th1)) =
                 Max ((\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` ({th2} \<union> dependants (wq s) th2))"
    (is "Max (?f ` ?A) = Max (?f ` ?B)")
    unfolding cp_eq_cpreced 
    unfolding cpreced_def .
  obtain th1' where th1_in: "th1' \<in> ?A" and eq_f_th1: "?f th1' = Max (?f ` ?A)"
  proof -
    have h1: "finite (?f ` ?A)"
    proof -
      have "finite ?A" 
      proof -
        have "finite (dependants (wq s) th1)"
        proof-
          have "finite {th'. (Th th', Th th1) \<in> (RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+}"
          proof -
            let ?F = "\<lambda> (x, y). the_th x"
            have "{th'. (Th th', Th th1) \<in> (RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+} \<subseteq> ?F ` ((RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+)"
              apply (auto simp:image_def)
              by (rule_tac x = "(Th x, Th th1)" in bexI, auto)
            moreover have "finite \<dots>"
            proof -
              from finite_RAG have "finite (RAG s)" .
              hence "finite ((RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+)"
                apply (unfold finite_trancl)
                by (auto simp: s_RAG_def cs_RAG_def wq_def)
              thus ?thesis by auto
            qed
            ultimately show ?thesis by (auto intro:finite_subset)
          qed
          thus ?thesis by (simp add:cs_dependants_def)
        qed
        thus ?thesis by simp
      qed
      thus ?thesis by auto
    qed
    moreover have h2: "(?f ` ?A) \<noteq> {}"
    proof -
      have "?A \<noteq> {}" by simp
      thus ?thesis by simp
    qed
    from Max_in [OF h1 h2]
    have "Max (?f ` ?A) \<in> (?f ` ?A)" .
    thus ?thesis 
      thm cpreced_def
      unfolding cpreced_def[symmetric] 
      unfolding cp_eq_cpreced[symmetric] 
      unfolding cpreced_def 
      using that[intro] by (auto)
  qed
  obtain th2' where th2_in: "th2' \<in> ?B" and eq_f_th2: "?f th2' = Max (?f ` ?B)"
  proof -
    have h1: "finite (?f ` ?B)"
    proof -
      have "finite ?B" 
      proof -
        have "finite (dependants (wq s) th2)"
        proof-
          have "finite {th'. (Th th', Th th2) \<in> (RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+}"
          proof -
            let ?F = "\<lambda> (x, y). the_th x"
            have "{th'. (Th th', Th th2) \<in> (RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+} \<subseteq> ?F ` ((RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+)"
              apply (auto simp:image_def)
              by (rule_tac x = "(Th x, Th th2)" in bexI, auto)
            moreover have "finite \<dots>"
            proof -
              from finite_RAG have "finite (RAG s)" .
              hence "finite ((RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+)"
                apply (unfold finite_trancl)
                by (auto simp: s_RAG_def cs_RAG_def wq_def)
              thus ?thesis by auto
            qed
            ultimately show ?thesis by (auto intro:finite_subset)
          qed
          thus ?thesis by (simp add:cs_dependants_def)
        qed
        thus ?thesis by simp
      qed
      thus ?thesis by auto
    qed
    moreover have h2: "(?f ` ?B) \<noteq> {}"
    proof -
      have "?B \<noteq> {}" by simp
      thus ?thesis by simp
    qed
    from Max_in [OF h1 h2]
    have "Max (?f ` ?B) \<in> (?f ` ?B)" .
    thus ?thesis by (auto intro:that)
  qed
  from eq_f_th1 eq_f_th2 eq_max 
  have eq_preced: "preced th1' s = preced th2' s" by auto
  hence eq_th12: "th1' = th2'"
  proof (rule preced_unique)
    from th1_in have "th1' = th1 \<or> (th1' \<in> dependants (wq s) th1)" by simp
    thus "th1' \<in> threads s"
    proof
      assume "th1' \<in> dependants (wq s) th1"
      hence "(Th th1') \<in> Domain ((RAG s)^+)"
        apply (unfold cs_dependants_def cs_RAG_def s_RAG_def)
        by (auto simp:Domain_def)
      hence "(Th th1') \<in> Domain (RAG s)" by (simp add:trancl_domain)
      from dm_RAG_threads[OF this] show ?thesis .
    next
      assume "th1' = th1"
      with runing_1 show ?thesis
        by (unfold runing_def readys_def, auto)
    qed
  next
    from th2_in have "th2' = th2 \<or> (th2' \<in> dependants (wq s) th2)" by simp
    thus "th2' \<in> threads s"
    proof
      assume "th2' \<in> dependants (wq s) th2"
      hence "(Th th2') \<in> Domain ((RAG s)^+)"
        apply (unfold cs_dependants_def cs_RAG_def s_RAG_def)
        by (auto simp:Domain_def)
      hence "(Th th2') \<in> Domain (RAG s)" by (simp add:trancl_domain)
      from dm_RAG_threads[OF this] show ?thesis .
    next
      assume "th2' = th2"
      with runing_2 show ?thesis
        by (unfold runing_def readys_def, auto)
    qed
  qed
  from th1_in have "th1' = th1 \<or> th1' \<in> dependants (wq s) th1" by simp
  thus ?thesis
  proof
    assume eq_th': "th1' = th1"
    from th2_in have "th2' = th2 \<or> th2' \<in> dependants (wq s) th2" by simp
    thus ?thesis
    proof
      assume "th2' = th2" thus ?thesis using eq_th' eq_th12 by simp
    next
      assume "th2' \<in> dependants (wq s) th2"
      with eq_th12 eq_th' have "th1 \<in> dependants (wq s) th2" by simp
      hence "(Th th1, Th th2) \<in> (RAG s)^+"
        by (unfold cs_dependants_def s_RAG_def cs_RAG_def, simp)
      hence "Th th1 \<in> Domain ((RAG s)^+)" 
        apply (unfold cs_dependants_def cs_RAG_def s_RAG_def)
        by (auto simp:Domain_def)
      hence "Th th1 \<in> Domain (RAG s)" by (simp add:trancl_domain)
      then obtain n where d: "(Th th1, n) \<in> RAG s" by (auto simp:Domain_def)
      from RAG_target_th [OF this]
      obtain cs' where "n = Cs cs'" by auto
      with d have "(Th th1, Cs cs') \<in> RAG s" by simp
      with runing_1 have "False"
        apply (unfold runing_def readys_def s_RAG_def)
        by (auto simp:waiting_eq)
      thus ?thesis by simp
    qed
  next
    assume th1'_in: "th1' \<in> dependants (wq s) th1"
    from th2_in have "th2' = th2 \<or> th2' \<in> dependants (wq s) th2" by simp
    thus ?thesis 
    proof
      assume "th2' = th2"
      with th1'_in eq_th12 have "th2 \<in> dependants (wq s) th1" by simp
      hence "(Th th2, Th th1) \<in> (RAG s)^+"
        by (unfold cs_dependants_def s_RAG_def cs_RAG_def, simp)
      hence "Th th2 \<in> Domain ((RAG s)^+)" 
        apply (unfold cs_dependants_def cs_RAG_def s_RAG_def)
        by (auto simp:Domain_def)
      hence "Th th2 \<in> Domain (RAG s)" by (simp add:trancl_domain)
      then obtain n where d: "(Th th2, n) \<in> RAG s" by (auto simp:Domain_def)
      from RAG_target_th [OF this]
      obtain cs' where "n = Cs cs'" by auto
      with d have "(Th th2, Cs cs') \<in> RAG s" by simp
      with runing_2 have "False"
        apply (unfold runing_def readys_def s_RAG_def)
        by (auto simp:waiting_eq)
      thus ?thesis by simp
    next
      assume "th2' \<in> dependants (wq s) th2"
      with eq_th12 have "th1' \<in> dependants (wq s) th2" by simp
      hence h1: "(Th th1', Th th2) \<in> (RAG s)^+"
        by (unfold cs_dependants_def s_RAG_def cs_RAG_def, simp)
      from th1'_in have h2: "(Th th1', Th th1) \<in> (RAG s)^+"
        by (unfold cs_dependants_def s_RAG_def cs_RAG_def, simp)
      show ?thesis
      proof(rule dchain_unique[OF h1 _ h2, symmetric])
        from runing_1 show "th1 \<in> readys s" by (simp add:runing_def)
        from runing_2 show "th2 \<in> readys s" by (simp add:runing_def) 
      qed
    qed
  qed
qed


lemma "card (runing s) \<le> 1"
apply(subgoal_tac "finite (runing s)")
prefer 2
apply (metis finite_nat_set_iff_bounded lessI runing_unique)
apply(rule ccontr)
apply(simp)
apply(case_tac "Suc (Suc 0) \<le> card (runing s)")
apply(subst (asm) card_le_Suc_iff)
apply(simp)
apply(auto)[1]
apply (metis insertCI runing_unique)
apply(auto) 
done

end


lemma create_pre:
  assumes stp: "step s e"
  and not_in: "th \<notin> threads s"
  and is_in: "th \<in> threads (e#s)"
  obtains prio where "e = Create th prio"
proof -
  from assms  
  show ?thesis
  proof(cases)
    case (thread_create thread prio)
    with is_in not_in have "e = Create th prio" by simp
    from that[OF this] show ?thesis .
  next
    case (thread_exit thread)
    with assms show ?thesis by (auto intro!:that)
  next
    case (thread_P thread)
    with assms show ?thesis by (auto intro!:that)
  next
    case (thread_V thread)
    with assms show ?thesis by (auto intro!:that)
  next 
    case (thread_set thread)
    with assms show ?thesis by (auto intro!:that)
  qed
qed

context valid_trace
begin

lemma cnp_cnv_eq:
  assumes "th \<notin> threads s"
  shows "cntP s th = cntV s th"
  using assms
  using cnp_cnv_cncs not_thread_cncs by auto

end


lemma eq_RAG: 
  "RAG (wq s) = RAG s"
by (unfold cs_RAG_def s_RAG_def, auto)

context valid_trace
begin

lemma count_eq_dependants:
  assumes eq_pv: "cntP s th = cntV s th"
  shows "dependants (wq s) th = {}"
proof -
  from cnp_cnv_cncs and eq_pv
  have "cntCS s th = 0" 
    by (auto split:if_splits)
  moreover have "finite {cs. (Cs cs, Th th) \<in> RAG s}"
  proof -
    from finite_holding[of th] show ?thesis
      by (simp add:holdents_test)
  qed
  ultimately have h: "{cs. (Cs cs, Th th) \<in> RAG s} = {}"
    by (unfold cntCS_def holdents_test cs_dependants_def, auto)
  show ?thesis
  proof(unfold cs_dependants_def)
    { assume "{th'. (Th th', Th th) \<in> (RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+} \<noteq> {}"
      then obtain th' where "(Th th', Th th) \<in> (RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+" by auto
      hence "False"
      proof(cases)
        assume "(Th th', Th th) \<in> RAG (wq s)"
        thus "False" by (auto simp:cs_RAG_def)
      next
        fix c
        assume "(c, Th th) \<in> RAG (wq s)"
        with h and eq_RAG show "False"
          by (cases c, auto simp:cs_RAG_def)
      qed
    } thus "{th'. (Th th', Th th) \<in> (RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+} = {}" by auto
  qed
qed

lemma dependants_threads:
  shows "dependants (wq s) th \<subseteq> threads s"
proof
  { fix th th'
    assume h: "th \<in> {th'a. (Th th'a, Th th') \<in> (RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+}"
    have "Th th \<in> Domain (RAG s)"
    proof -
      from h obtain th' where "(Th th, Th th') \<in> (RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+" by auto
      hence "(Th th) \<in> Domain ( (RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+)" by (auto simp:Domain_def)
      with trancl_domain have "(Th th) \<in> Domain (RAG (wq s))" by simp
      thus ?thesis using eq_RAG by simp
    qed
    from dm_RAG_threads[OF this]
    have "th \<in> threads s" .
  } note hh = this
  fix th1 
  assume "th1 \<in> dependants (wq s) th"
  hence "th1 \<in> {th'a. (Th th'a, Th th) \<in> (RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+}"
    by (unfold cs_dependants_def, simp)
  from hh [OF this] show "th1 \<in> threads s" .
qed

lemma finite_threads:
  shows "finite (threads s)"
using vt by (induct) (auto elim: step.cases)

end

lemma Max_f_mono:
  assumes seq: "A \<subseteq> B"
  and np: "A \<noteq> {}"
  and fnt: "finite B"
  shows "Max (f ` A) \<le> Max (f ` B)"
proof(rule Max_mono)
  from seq show "f ` A \<subseteq> f ` B" by auto
next
  from np show "f ` A \<noteq> {}" by auto
next
  from fnt and seq show "finite (f ` B)" by auto
qed

context valid_trace
begin

lemma cp_le:
  assumes th_in: "th \<in> threads s"
  shows "cp s th \<le> Max ((\<lambda> th. (preced th s)) ` threads s)"
proof(unfold cp_eq_cpreced cpreced_def cs_dependants_def)
  show "Max ((\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` ({th} \<union> {th'. (Th th', Th th) \<in> (RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+}))
         \<le> Max ((\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` threads s)"
    (is "Max (?f ` ?A) \<le> Max (?f ` ?B)")
  proof(rule Max_f_mono)
    show "{th} \<union> {th'. (Th th', Th th) \<in> (RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+} \<noteq> {}" by simp
  next
    from finite_threads
    show "finite (threads s)" .
  next
    from th_in
    show "{th} \<union> {th'. (Th th', Th th) \<in> (RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+} \<subseteq> threads s"
      apply (auto simp:Domain_def)
      apply (rule_tac dm_RAG_threads)
      apply (unfold trancl_domain [of "RAG s", symmetric])
      by (unfold cs_RAG_def s_RAG_def, auto simp:Domain_def)
  qed
qed

lemma le_cp:
  shows "preced th s \<le> cp s th"
proof(unfold cp_eq_cpreced preced_def cpreced_def, simp)
  show "Prc (priority th s) (last_set th s)
    \<le> Max (insert (Prc (priority th s) (last_set th s))
            ((\<lambda>th. Prc (priority th s) (last_set th s)) ` dependants (wq s) th))"
    (is "?l \<le> Max (insert ?l ?A)")
  proof(cases "?A = {}")
    case False
    have "finite ?A" (is "finite (?f ` ?B)")
    proof -
      have "finite ?B" 
      proof-
        have "finite {th'. (Th th', Th th) \<in> (RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+}"
        proof -
          let ?F = "\<lambda> (x, y). the_th x"
          have "{th'. (Th th', Th th) \<in> (RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+} \<subseteq> ?F ` ((RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+)"
            apply (auto simp:image_def)
            by (rule_tac x = "(Th x, Th th)" in bexI, auto)
          moreover have "finite \<dots>"
          proof -
            from finite_RAG have "finite (RAG s)" .
            hence "finite ((RAG (wq s))\<^sup>+)"
              apply (unfold finite_trancl)
              by (auto simp: s_RAG_def cs_RAG_def wq_def)
            thus ?thesis by auto
          qed
          ultimately show ?thesis by (auto intro:finite_subset)
        qed
        thus ?thesis by (simp add:cs_dependants_def)
      qed
      thus ?thesis by simp
    qed
    from Max_insert [OF this False, of ?l] show ?thesis by auto
  next
    case True
    thus ?thesis by auto
  qed
qed

lemma max_cp_eq: 
  shows "Max ((cp s) ` threads s) = Max ((\<lambda> th. (preced th s)) ` threads s)"
  (is "?l = ?r")
proof(cases "threads s = {}")
  case True
  thus ?thesis by auto
next
  case False
  have "?l \<in> ((cp s) ` threads s)"
  proof(rule Max_in)
    from finite_threads
    show "finite (cp s ` threads s)" by auto
  next
    from False show "cp s ` threads s \<noteq> {}" by auto
  qed
  then obtain th 
    where th_in: "th \<in> threads s" and eq_l: "?l = cp s th" by auto
  have "\<dots> \<le> ?r" by (rule cp_le[OF th_in])
  moreover have "?r \<le> cp s th" (is "Max (?f ` ?A) \<le> cp s th")
  proof -
    have "?r \<in> (?f ` ?A)"
    proof(rule Max_in)
      from finite_threads
      show " finite ((\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` threads s)" by auto
    next
      from False show " (\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` threads s \<noteq> {}" by auto
    qed
    then obtain th' where 
      th_in': "th' \<in> ?A " and eq_r: "?r = ?f th'" by auto
    from le_cp [of th']  eq_r
    have "?r \<le> cp s th'" by auto
    moreover have "\<dots> \<le> cp s th"
    proof(fold eq_l)
      show " cp s th' \<le> Max (cp s ` threads s)"
      proof(rule Max_ge)
        from th_in' show "cp s th' \<in> cp s ` threads s"
          by auto
      next
        from finite_threads
        show "finite (cp s ` threads s)" by auto
      qed
    qed
    ultimately show ?thesis by auto
  qed
  ultimately show ?thesis using eq_l by auto
qed

lemma max_cp_readys_threads_pre:
  assumes np: "threads s \<noteq> {}"
  shows "Max (cp s ` readys s) = Max (cp s ` threads s)"
proof(unfold max_cp_eq)
  show "Max (cp s ` readys s) = Max ((\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` threads s)"
  proof -
    let ?p = "Max ((\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` threads s)" 
    let ?f = "(\<lambda>th. preced th s)"
    have "?p \<in> ((\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` threads s)"
    proof(rule Max_in)
      from finite_threads show "finite (?f ` threads s)" by simp
    next
      from np show "?f ` threads s \<noteq> {}" by simp
    qed
    then obtain tm where tm_max: "?f tm = ?p" and tm_in: "tm \<in> threads s"
      by (auto simp:Image_def)
    from th_chain_to_ready [OF tm_in]
    have "tm \<in> readys s \<or> (\<exists>th'. th' \<in> readys s \<and> (Th tm, Th th') \<in> (RAG s)\<^sup>+)" .
    thus ?thesis
    proof
      assume "\<exists>th'. th' \<in> readys s \<and> (Th tm, Th th') \<in> (RAG s)\<^sup>+ "
      then obtain th' where th'_in: "th' \<in> readys s" 
        and tm_chain:"(Th tm, Th th') \<in> (RAG s)\<^sup>+" by auto
      have "cp s th' = ?f tm"
      proof(subst cp_eq_cpreced, subst cpreced_def, rule Max_eqI)
        from dependants_threads finite_threads
        show "finite ((\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` ({th'} \<union> dependants (wq s) th'))" 
          by (auto intro:finite_subset)
      next
        fix p assume p_in: "p \<in> (\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` ({th'} \<union> dependants (wq s) th')"
        from tm_max have " preced tm s = Max ((\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` threads s)" .
        moreover have "p \<le> \<dots>"
        proof(rule Max_ge)
          from finite_threads
          show "finite ((\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` threads s)" by simp
        next
          from p_in and th'_in and dependants_threads[of th']
          show "p \<in> (\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` threads s"
            by (auto simp:readys_def)
        qed
        ultimately show "p \<le> preced tm s" by auto
      next
        show "preced tm s \<in> (\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` ({th'} \<union> dependants (wq s) th')"
        proof -
          from tm_chain
          have "tm \<in> dependants (wq s) th'"
            by (unfold cs_dependants_def s_RAG_def cs_RAG_def, auto)
          thus ?thesis by auto
        qed
      qed
      with tm_max
      have h: "cp s th' = Max ((\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` threads s)" by simp
      show ?thesis
      proof (fold h, rule Max_eqI)
        fix q 
        assume "q \<in> cp s ` readys s"
        then obtain th1 where th1_in: "th1 \<in> readys s"
          and eq_q: "q = cp s th1" by auto
        show "q \<le> cp s th'"
          apply (unfold h eq_q)
          apply (unfold cp_eq_cpreced cpreced_def)
          apply (rule Max_mono)
        proof -
          from dependants_threads [of th1] th1_in
          show "(\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` ({th1} \<union> dependants (wq s) th1) \<subseteq> 
                 (\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` threads s"
            by (auto simp:readys_def)
        next
          show "(\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` ({th1} \<union> dependants (wq s) th1) \<noteq> {}" by simp
        next
          from finite_threads 
          show " finite ((\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` threads s)" by simp
        qed
      next
        from finite_threads
        show "finite (cp s ` readys s)" by (auto simp:readys_def)
      next
        from th'_in
        show "cp s th' \<in> cp s ` readys s" by simp
      qed
    next
      assume tm_ready: "tm \<in> readys s"
      show ?thesis
      proof(fold tm_max)
        have cp_eq_p: "cp s tm = preced tm s"
        proof(unfold cp_eq_cpreced cpreced_def, rule Max_eqI)
          fix y 
          assume hy: "y \<in> (\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` ({tm} \<union> dependants (wq s) tm)"
          show "y \<le> preced tm s"
          proof -
            { fix y'
              assume hy' : "y' \<in> ((\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` dependants (wq s) tm)"
              have "y' \<le> preced tm s"
              proof(unfold tm_max, rule Max_ge)
                from hy' dependants_threads[of tm]
                show "y' \<in> (\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` threads s" by auto
              next
                from finite_threads
                show "finite ((\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` threads s)" by simp
              qed
            } with hy show ?thesis by auto
          qed
        next
          from dependants_threads[of tm] finite_threads
          show "finite ((\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` ({tm} \<union> dependants (wq s) tm))"
            by (auto intro:finite_subset)
        next
          show "preced tm s \<in> (\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` ({tm} \<union> dependants (wq s) tm)"
            by simp
        qed 
        moreover have "Max (cp s ` readys s) = cp s tm"
        proof(rule Max_eqI)
          from tm_ready show "cp s tm \<in> cp s ` readys s" by simp
        next
          from finite_threads
          show "finite (cp s ` readys s)" by (auto simp:readys_def)
        next
          fix y assume "y \<in> cp s ` readys s"
          then obtain th1 where th1_readys: "th1 \<in> readys s"
            and h: "y = cp s th1" by auto
          show "y \<le> cp s tm"
            apply(unfold cp_eq_p h)
            apply(unfold cp_eq_cpreced cpreced_def tm_max, rule Max_mono)
          proof -
            from finite_threads
            show "finite ((\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` threads s)" by simp
          next
            show "(\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` ({th1} \<union> dependants (wq s) th1) \<noteq> {}"
              by simp
          next
            from dependants_threads[of th1] th1_readys
            show "(\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` ({th1} \<union> dependants (wq s) th1) 
                    \<subseteq> (\<lambda>th. preced th s) ` threads s"
              by (auto simp:readys_def)
          qed
        qed
        ultimately show " Max (cp s ` readys s) = preced tm s" by simp
      qed 
    qed
  qed
qed

text {* (* ccc *) \noindent
  Since the current precedence of the threads in ready queue will always be boosted,
  there must be one inside it has the maximum precedence of the whole system. 
*}
lemma max_cp_readys_threads:
  shows "Max (cp s ` readys s) = Max (cp s ` threads s)"
proof(cases "threads s = {}")
  case True
  thus ?thesis 
    by (auto simp:readys_def)
next
  case False
  show ?thesis by (rule max_cp_readys_threads_pre[OF False])
qed

end

lemma eq_holding: "holding (wq s) th cs = holding s th cs"
  apply (unfold s_holding_def cs_holding_def wq_def, simp)
  done

lemma f_image_eq:
  assumes h: "\<And> a. a \<in> A \<Longrightarrow> f a = g a"
  shows "f ` A = g ` A"
proof
  show "f ` A \<subseteq> g ` A"
    by(rule image_subsetI, auto intro:h)
next
  show "g ` A \<subseteq> f ` A"
   by (rule image_subsetI, auto intro:h[symmetric])
qed


definition detached :: "state \<Rightarrow> thread \<Rightarrow> bool"
  where "detached s th \<equiv> (\<not>(\<exists> cs. holding s th cs)) \<and> (\<not>(\<exists>cs. waiting s th cs))"

lemma detached_test:
  shows "detached s th = (Th th \<notin> Field (RAG s))"
apply(simp add: detached_def Field_def)
apply(simp add: s_RAG_def)
apply(simp add: s_holding_abv s_waiting_abv)
apply(simp add: Domain_iff Range_iff)
apply(simp add: wq_def)
apply(auto)
done

context valid_trace
begin

lemma detached_intro:
  assumes eq_pv: "cntP s th = cntV s th"
  shows "detached s th"
proof -
 from cnp_cnv_cncs
  have eq_cnt: "cntP s th =
    cntV s th + (if th \<in> readys s \<or> th \<notin> threads s then cntCS s th else cntCS s th + 1)" .
  hence cncs_zero: "cntCS s th = 0"
    by (auto simp:eq_pv split:if_splits)
  with eq_cnt
  have "th \<in> readys s \<or> th \<notin> threads s" by (auto simp:eq_pv)
  thus ?thesis
  proof
    assume "th \<notin> threads s"
    with range_in dm_RAG_threads
    show ?thesis
      by (auto simp add: detached_def s_RAG_def s_waiting_abv s_holding_abv wq_def Domain_iff Range_iff)
  next
    assume "th \<in> readys s"
    moreover have "Th th \<notin> Range (RAG s)"
    proof -
      from card_0_eq [OF finite_holding] and cncs_zero
      have "holdents s th = {}"
        by (simp add:cntCS_def)
      thus ?thesis
        apply(auto simp:holdents_test)
        apply(case_tac a)
        apply(auto simp:holdents_test s_RAG_def)
        done
    qed
    ultimately show ?thesis
      by (auto simp add: detached_def s_RAG_def s_waiting_abv s_holding_abv wq_def readys_def)
  qed
qed

lemma detached_elim:
  assumes dtc: "detached s th"
  shows "cntP s th = cntV s th"
proof -
  from cnp_cnv_cncs
  have eq_pv: " cntP s th =
    cntV s th + (if th \<in> readys s \<or> th \<notin> threads s then cntCS s th else cntCS s th + 1)" .
  have cncs_z: "cntCS s th = 0"
  proof -
    from dtc have "holdents s th = {}"
      unfolding detached_def holdents_test s_RAG_def
      by (simp add: s_waiting_abv wq_def s_holding_abv Domain_iff Range_iff)
    thus ?thesis by (auto simp:cntCS_def)
  qed
  show ?thesis
  proof(cases "th \<in> threads s")
    case True
    with dtc 
    have "th \<in> readys s"
      by (unfold readys_def detached_def Field_def Domain_def Range_def, 
           auto simp:waiting_eq s_RAG_def)
    with cncs_z and eq_pv show ?thesis by simp
  next
    case False
    with cncs_z and eq_pv show ?thesis by simp
  qed
qed

lemma detached_eq:
  shows "(detached s th) = (cntP s th = cntV s th)"
  by (insert vt, auto intro:detached_intro detached_elim)

end

text {* 
  The lemmas in this .thy file are all obvious lemmas, however, they still needs to be derived
  from the concise and miniature model of PIP given in PrioGDef.thy.
*}

lemma eq_dependants: "dependants (wq s) = dependants s"
  by (simp add: s_dependants_abv wq_def)

lemma next_th_unique: 
  assumes nt1: "next_th s th cs th1"
  and nt2: "next_th s th cs th2"
  shows "th1 = th2"
using assms by (unfold next_th_def, auto)

lemma birth_time_lt:  "s \<noteq> [] \<Longrightarrow> last_set th s < length s"
  apply (induct s, simp)
proof -
  fix a s
  assume ih: "s \<noteq> [] \<Longrightarrow> last_set th s < length s"
    and eq_as: "a # s \<noteq> []"
  show "last_set th (a # s) < length (a # s)"
  proof(cases "s \<noteq> []")
    case False
    from False show ?thesis
      by (cases a, auto simp:last_set.simps)
  next
    case True
    from ih [OF True] show ?thesis
      by (cases a, auto simp:last_set.simps)
  qed
qed

lemma th_in_ne: "th \<in> threads s \<Longrightarrow> s \<noteq> []"
  by (induct s, auto simp:threads.simps)

lemma preced_tm_lt: "th \<in> threads s \<Longrightarrow> preced th s = Prc x y \<Longrightarrow> y < length s"
  apply (drule_tac th_in_ne)
  by (unfold preced_def, auto intro: birth_time_lt)

lemma inj_the_preced: 
  "inj_on (the_preced s) (threads s)"
  by (metis inj_onI preced_unique the_preced_def)

lemma tRAG_alt_def: 
  "tRAG s = {(Th th1, Th th2) | th1 th2. 
                  \<exists> cs. (Th th1, Cs cs) \<in> RAG s \<and> (Cs cs, Th th2) \<in> RAG s}"
 by (auto simp:tRAG_def RAG_split wRAG_def hRAG_def)

lemma tRAG_Field:
  "Field (tRAG s) \<subseteq> Field (RAG s)"
  by (unfold tRAG_alt_def Field_def, auto)

lemma tRAG_ancestorsE:
  assumes "x \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) u"
  obtains th where "x = Th th"
proof -
  from assms have "(u, x) \<in> (tRAG s)^+" 
      by (unfold ancestors_def, auto)
  from tranclE[OF this] obtain c where "(c, x) \<in> tRAG s" by auto
  then obtain th where "x = Th th"
    by (unfold tRAG_alt_def, auto)
  from that[OF this] show ?thesis .
qed

lemma tRAG_mono:
  assumes "RAG s' \<subseteq> RAG s"
  shows "tRAG s' \<subseteq> tRAG s"
  using assms 
  by (unfold tRAG_alt_def, auto)

lemma holding_next_thI:
  assumes "holding s th cs"
  and "length (wq s cs) > 1"
  obtains th' where "next_th s th cs th'"
proof -
  from assms(1)[folded eq_holding, unfolded cs_holding_def]
  have " th \<in> set (wq s cs) \<and> th = hd (wq s cs)" .
  then obtain rest where h1: "wq s cs = th#rest" 
    by (cases "wq s cs", auto)
  with assms(2) have h2: "rest \<noteq> []" by auto
  let ?th' = "hd (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest)"
  have "next_th s th cs ?th'" using  h1(1) h2 
    by (unfold next_th_def, auto)
  from that[OF this] show ?thesis .
qed

lemma RAG_tRAG_transfer:
  assumes "vt s'"
  assumes "RAG s = RAG s' \<union> {(Th th, Cs cs)}"
  and "(Cs cs, Th th'') \<in> RAG s'"
  shows "tRAG s = tRAG s' \<union> {(Th th, Th th'')}" (is "?L = ?R")
proof -
  interpret vt_s': valid_trace "s'" using assms(1)
    by (unfold_locales, simp)
  interpret rtree: rtree "RAG s'"
  proof
  show "single_valued (RAG s')"
  apply (intro_locales)
    by (unfold single_valued_def, 
        auto intro:vt_s'.unique_RAG)

  show "acyclic (RAG s')"
     by (rule vt_s'.acyclic_RAG)
  qed
  { fix n1 n2
    assume "(n1, n2) \<in> ?L"
    from this[unfolded tRAG_alt_def]
    obtain th1 th2 cs' where 
      h: "n1 = Th th1" "n2 = Th th2" 
         "(Th th1, Cs cs') \<in> RAG s"
         "(Cs cs', Th th2) \<in> RAG s" by auto
    from h(4) and assms(2) have cs_in: "(Cs cs', Th th2) \<in> RAG s'" by auto
    from h(3) and assms(2) 
    have "(Th th1, Cs cs') = (Th th, Cs cs) \<or> 
          (Th th1, Cs cs') \<in> RAG s'" by auto
    hence "(n1, n2) \<in> ?R"
    proof
      assume h1: "(Th th1, Cs cs') = (Th th, Cs cs)"
      hence eq_th1: "th1 = th" by simp
      moreover have "th2 = th''"
      proof -
        from h1 have "cs' = cs" by simp
        from assms(3) cs_in[unfolded this] rtree.sgv
        show ?thesis
          by (unfold single_valued_def, auto)
      qed
      ultimately show ?thesis using h(1,2) by auto
    next
      assume "(Th th1, Cs cs') \<in> RAG s'"
      with cs_in have "(Th th1, Th th2) \<in> tRAG s'"
        by (unfold tRAG_alt_def, auto)
      from this[folded h(1, 2)] show ?thesis by auto
    qed
  } moreover {
    fix n1 n2
    assume "(n1, n2) \<in> ?R"
    hence "(n1, n2) \<in>tRAG s' \<or> (n1, n2) = (Th th, Th th'')" by auto
    hence "(n1, n2) \<in> ?L" 
    proof
      assume "(n1, n2) \<in> tRAG s'"
      moreover have "... \<subseteq> ?L"
      proof(rule tRAG_mono)
        show "RAG s' \<subseteq> RAG s" by (unfold assms(2), auto)
      qed
      ultimately show ?thesis by auto
    next
      assume eq_n: "(n1, n2) = (Th th, Th th'')"
      from assms(2, 3) have "(Cs cs, Th th'') \<in> RAG s" by auto
      moreover have "(Th th, Cs cs) \<in> RAG s" using assms(2) by auto
      ultimately show ?thesis 
        by (unfold eq_n tRAG_alt_def, auto)
    qed
  } ultimately show ?thesis by auto
qed

context valid_trace
begin

lemmas RAG_tRAG_transfer = RAG_tRAG_transfer[OF vt]

end

lemma cp_alt_def:
  "cp s th =  
           Max ((the_preced s) ` {th'. Th th' \<in> (subtree (RAG s) (Th th))})"
proof -
  have "Max (the_preced s ` ({th} \<union> dependants (wq s) th)) =
        Max (the_preced s ` {th'. Th th' \<in> subtree (RAG s) (Th th)})" 
          (is "Max (_ ` ?L) = Max (_ ` ?R)")
  proof -
    have "?L = ?R" 
    by (auto dest:rtranclD simp:cs_dependants_def cs_RAG_def s_RAG_def subtree_def)
    thus ?thesis by simp
  qed
  thus ?thesis by (unfold cp_eq_cpreced cpreced_def, fold the_preced_def, simp)
qed

lemma cp_gen_alt_def:
  "cp_gen s = (Max \<circ> (\<lambda>x. (the_preced s \<circ> the_thread) ` subtree (tRAG s) x))"
    by (auto simp:cp_gen_def)

lemma tRAG_nodeE:
  assumes "(n1, n2) \<in> tRAG s"
  obtains th1 th2 where "n1 = Th th1" "n2 = Th th2"
  using assms
  by (auto simp: tRAG_def wRAG_def hRAG_def tRAG_def)

lemma subtree_nodeE:
  assumes "n \<in> subtree (tRAG s) (Th th)"
  obtains th1 where "n = Th th1"
proof -
  show ?thesis
  proof(rule subtreeE[OF assms])
    assume "n = Th th"
    from that[OF this] show ?thesis .
  next
    assume "Th th \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) n"
    hence "(n, Th th) \<in> (tRAG s)^+" by (auto simp:ancestors_def)
    hence "\<exists> th1. n = Th th1"
    proof(induct)
      case (base y)
      from tRAG_nodeE[OF this] show ?case by metis
    next
      case (step y z)
      thus ?case by auto
    qed
    with that show ?thesis by auto
  qed
qed

lemma tRAG_star_RAG: "(tRAG s)^* \<subseteq> (RAG s)^*"
proof -
  have "(wRAG s O hRAG s)^* \<subseteq> (RAG s O RAG s)^*" 
    by (rule rtrancl_mono, auto simp:RAG_split)
  also have "... \<subseteq> ((RAG s)^*)^*"
    by (rule rtrancl_mono, auto)
  also have "... = (RAG s)^*" by simp
  finally show ?thesis by (unfold tRAG_def, simp)
qed

lemma tRAG_subtree_RAG: "subtree (tRAG s) x \<subseteq> subtree (RAG s) x"
proof -
  { fix a
    assume "a \<in> subtree (tRAG s) x"
    hence "(a, x) \<in> (tRAG s)^*" by (auto simp:subtree_def)
    with tRAG_star_RAG[of s]
    have "(a, x) \<in> (RAG s)^*" by auto
    hence "a \<in> subtree (RAG s) x" by (auto simp:subtree_def)
  } thus ?thesis by auto
qed

lemma tRAG_trancl_eq:
   "{th'. (Th th', Th th)  \<in> (tRAG s)^+} = 
    {th'. (Th th', Th th)  \<in> (RAG s)^+}"
   (is "?L = ?R")
proof -
  { fix th'
    assume "th' \<in> ?L"
    hence "(Th th', Th th) \<in> (tRAG s)^+" by auto
    from tranclD[OF this]
    obtain z where h: "(Th th', z) \<in> tRAG s" "(z, Th th) \<in> (tRAG s)\<^sup>*" by auto
    from tRAG_subtree_RAG[of s] and this(2)
    have "(z, Th th) \<in> (RAG s)^*" by (meson subsetCE tRAG_star_RAG) 
    moreover from h(1) have "(Th th', z) \<in> (RAG s)^+" using tRAG_alt_def by auto 
    ultimately have "th' \<in> ?R"  by auto 
  } moreover 
  { fix th'
    assume "th' \<in> ?R"
    hence "(Th th', Th th) \<in> (RAG s)^+" by (auto)
    from plus_rpath[OF this]
    obtain xs where rp: "rpath (RAG s) (Th th') xs (Th th)" "xs \<noteq> []" by auto
    hence "(Th th', Th th) \<in> (tRAG s)^+"
    proof(induct xs arbitrary:th' th rule:length_induct)
      case (1 xs th' th)
      then obtain x1 xs1 where Cons1: "xs = x1#xs1" by (cases xs, auto)
      show ?case
      proof(cases "xs1")
        case Nil
        from 1(2)[unfolded Cons1 Nil]
        have rp: "rpath (RAG s) (Th th') [x1] (Th th)" .
        hence "(Th th', x1) \<in> (RAG s)" by (cases, simp)
        then obtain cs where "x1 = Cs cs" 
              by (unfold s_RAG_def, auto)
        from rpath_nnl_lastE[OF rp[unfolded this]]
        show ?thesis by auto
      next
        case (Cons x2 xs2)
        from 1(2)[unfolded Cons1[unfolded this]]
        have rp: "rpath (RAG s) (Th th') (x1 # x2 # xs2) (Th th)" .
        from rpath_edges_on[OF this]
        have eds: "edges_on (Th th' # x1 # x2 # xs2) \<subseteq> RAG s" .
        have "(Th th', x1) \<in> edges_on (Th th' # x1 # x2 # xs2)"
            by (simp add: edges_on_unfold)
        with eds have rg1: "(Th th', x1) \<in> RAG s" by auto
        then obtain cs1 where eq_x1: "x1 = Cs cs1" by (unfold s_RAG_def, auto)
        have "(x1, x2) \<in> edges_on (Th th' # x1 # x2 # xs2)"
            by (simp add: edges_on_unfold)
        from this eds
        have rg2: "(x1, x2) \<in> RAG s" by auto
        from this[unfolded eq_x1] 
        obtain th1 where eq_x2: "x2 = Th th1" by (unfold s_RAG_def, auto)
        from rg1[unfolded eq_x1] rg2[unfolded eq_x1 eq_x2]
        have rt1: "(Th th', Th th1) \<in> tRAG s" by (unfold tRAG_alt_def, auto)
        from rp have "rpath (RAG s) x2 xs2 (Th th)"
           by  (elim rpath_ConsE, simp)
        from this[unfolded eq_x2] have rp': "rpath (RAG s) (Th th1) xs2 (Th th)" .
        show ?thesis
        proof(cases "xs2 = []")
          case True
          from rpath_nilE[OF rp'[unfolded this]]
          have "th1 = th" by auto
          from rt1[unfolded this] show ?thesis by auto
        next
          case False
          from 1(1)[rule_format, OF _ rp' this, unfolded Cons1 Cons]
          have "(Th th1, Th th) \<in> (tRAG s)\<^sup>+" by simp
          with rt1 show ?thesis by auto
        qed
      qed
    qed
    hence "th' \<in> ?L" by auto
  } ultimately show ?thesis by blast
qed

lemma tRAG_trancl_eq_Th:
   "{Th th' | th'. (Th th', Th th)  \<in> (tRAG s)^+} = 
    {Th th' | th'. (Th th', Th th)  \<in> (RAG s)^+}"
    using tRAG_trancl_eq by auto

lemma dependants_alt_def:
  "dependants s th = {th'. (Th th', Th th) \<in> (tRAG s)^+}"
  by (metis eq_RAG s_dependants_def tRAG_trancl_eq)
  
context valid_trace
begin

lemma count_eq_tRAG_plus:
  assumes "cntP s th = cntV s th"
  shows "{th'. (Th th', Th th) \<in> (tRAG s)^+} = {}"
  using assms count_eq_dependants dependants_alt_def eq_dependants by auto 

lemma count_eq_RAG_plus:
  assumes "cntP s th = cntV s th"
  shows "{th'. (Th th', Th th) \<in> (RAG s)^+} = {}"
  using assms count_eq_dependants cs_dependants_def eq_RAG by auto

lemma count_eq_RAG_plus_Th:
  assumes "cntP s th = cntV s th"
  shows "{Th th' | th'. (Th th', Th th) \<in> (RAG s)^+} = {}"
  using count_eq_RAG_plus[OF assms] by auto

lemma count_eq_tRAG_plus_Th:
  assumes "cntP s th = cntV s th"
  shows "{Th th' | th'. (Th th', Th th) \<in> (tRAG s)^+} = {}"
   using count_eq_tRAG_plus[OF assms] by auto

end

lemma tRAG_subtree_eq: 
   "(subtree (tRAG s) (Th th)) = {Th th' | th'. Th th'  \<in> (subtree (RAG s) (Th th))}"
   (is "?L = ?R")
proof -
  { fix n 
    assume h: "n \<in> ?L"
    hence "n \<in> ?R"
    by (smt mem_Collect_eq subsetCE subtree_def subtree_nodeE tRAG_subtree_RAG) 
  } moreover {
    fix n
    assume "n \<in> ?R"
    then obtain th' where h: "n = Th th'" "(Th th', Th th) \<in> (RAG s)^*"
      by (auto simp:subtree_def)
    from rtranclD[OF this(2)]
    have "n \<in> ?L"
    proof
      assume "Th th' \<noteq> Th th \<and> (Th th', Th th) \<in> (RAG s)\<^sup>+"
      with h have "n \<in> {Th th' | th'. (Th th', Th th)  \<in> (RAG s)^+}" by auto
      thus ?thesis using subtree_def tRAG_trancl_eq by fastforce
    qed (insert h, auto simp:subtree_def)
  } ultimately show ?thesis by auto
qed

lemma threads_set_eq: 
   "the_thread ` (subtree (tRAG s) (Th th)) = 
                  {th'. Th th' \<in> (subtree (RAG s) (Th th))}" (is "?L = ?R")
   by (auto intro:rev_image_eqI simp:tRAG_subtree_eq)

lemma cp_alt_def1: 
  "cp s th = Max ((the_preced s o the_thread) ` (subtree (tRAG s) (Th th)))"
proof -
  have "(the_preced s ` the_thread ` subtree (tRAG s) (Th th)) =
       ((the_preced s \<circ> the_thread) ` subtree (tRAG s) (Th th))"
       by auto
  thus ?thesis by (unfold cp_alt_def, fold threads_set_eq, auto)
qed

lemma cp_gen_def_cond: 
  assumes "x = Th th"
  shows "cp s th = cp_gen s (Th th)"
by (unfold cp_alt_def1 cp_gen_def, simp)

lemma cp_gen_over_set:
  assumes "\<forall> x \<in> A. \<exists> th. x = Th th"
  shows "cp_gen s ` A = (cp s \<circ> the_thread) ` A"
proof(rule f_image_eq)
  fix a
  assume "a \<in> A"
  from assms[rule_format, OF this]
  obtain th where eq_a: "a = Th th" by auto
  show "cp_gen s a = (cp s \<circ> the_thread) a"
    by  (unfold eq_a, simp, unfold cp_gen_def_cond[OF refl[of "Th th"]], simp)
qed


context valid_trace
begin

lemma RAG_threads:
  assumes "(Th th) \<in> Field (RAG s)"
  shows "th \<in> threads s"
  using assms
  by (metis Field_def UnE dm_RAG_threads range_in vt)

lemma subtree_tRAG_thread:
  assumes "th \<in> threads s"
  shows "subtree (tRAG s) (Th th) \<subseteq> Th ` threads s" (is "?L \<subseteq> ?R")
proof -
  have "?L = {Th th' |th'. Th th' \<in> subtree (RAG s) (Th th)}"
    by (unfold tRAG_subtree_eq, simp)
  also have "... \<subseteq> ?R"
  proof
    fix x
    assume "x \<in> {Th th' |th'. Th th' \<in> subtree (RAG s) (Th th)}"
    then obtain th' where h: "x = Th th'" "Th th' \<in> subtree (RAG s) (Th th)" by auto
    from this(2)
    show "x \<in> ?R"
    proof(cases rule:subtreeE)
      case 1
      thus ?thesis by (simp add: assms h(1)) 
    next
      case 2
      thus ?thesis by (metis ancestors_Field dm_RAG_threads h(1) image_eqI) 
    qed
  qed
  finally show ?thesis .
qed

lemma readys_root:
  assumes "th \<in> readys s"
  shows "root (RAG s) (Th th)"
proof -
  { fix x
    assume "x \<in> ancestors (RAG s) (Th th)"
    hence h: "(Th th, x) \<in> (RAG s)^+" by (auto simp:ancestors_def)
    from tranclD[OF this]
    obtain z where "(Th th, z) \<in> RAG s" by auto
    with assms(1) have False
         apply (case_tac z, auto simp:readys_def s_RAG_def s_waiting_def cs_waiting_def)
         by (fold wq_def, blast)
  } thus ?thesis by (unfold root_def, auto)
qed

lemma readys_in_no_subtree:
  assumes "th \<in> readys s"
  and "th' \<noteq> th"
  shows "Th th \<notin> subtree (RAG s) (Th th')" 
proof
   assume "Th th \<in> subtree (RAG s) (Th th')"
   thus False
   proof(cases rule:subtreeE)
      case 1
      with assms show ?thesis by auto
   next
      case 2
      with readys_root[OF assms(1)]
      show ?thesis by (auto simp:root_def)
   qed
qed

lemma not_in_thread_isolated:
  assumes "th \<notin> threads s"
  shows "(Th th) \<notin> Field (RAG s)"
proof
  assume "(Th th) \<in> Field (RAG s)"
  with dm_RAG_threads and range_in assms
  show False by (unfold Field_def, blast)
qed

lemma wf_RAG: "wf (RAG s)"
proof(rule finite_acyclic_wf)
  from finite_RAG show "finite (RAG s)" .
next
  from acyclic_RAG show "acyclic (RAG s)" .
qed

lemma sgv_wRAG: "single_valued (wRAG s)"
  using waiting_unique
  by (unfold single_valued_def wRAG_def, auto)

lemma sgv_hRAG: "single_valued (hRAG s)"
  using holding_unique 
  by (unfold single_valued_def hRAG_def, auto)

lemma sgv_tRAG: "single_valued (tRAG s)"
  by (unfold tRAG_def, rule single_valued_relcomp, 
              insert sgv_wRAG sgv_hRAG, auto)

lemma acyclic_tRAG: "acyclic (tRAG s)"
proof(unfold tRAG_def, rule acyclic_compose)
  show "acyclic (RAG s)" using acyclic_RAG .
next
  show "wRAG s \<subseteq> RAG s" unfolding RAG_split by auto
next
  show "hRAG s \<subseteq> RAG s" unfolding RAG_split by auto
qed

lemma sgv_RAG: "single_valued (RAG s)"
  using unique_RAG by (auto simp:single_valued_def)

lemma rtree_RAG: "rtree (RAG s)"
  using sgv_RAG acyclic_RAG
  by (unfold rtree_def rtree_axioms_def sgv_def, auto)

end

sublocale valid_trace < rtree_RAG: rtree "RAG s"
proof
  show "single_valued (RAG s)"
  apply (intro_locales)
    by (unfold single_valued_def, 
        auto intro:unique_RAG)

  show "acyclic (RAG s)"
     by (rule acyclic_RAG)
qed

sublocale valid_trace < rtree_s: rtree "tRAG s"
proof(unfold_locales)
  from sgv_tRAG show "single_valued (tRAG s)" .
next
  from acyclic_tRAG show "acyclic (tRAG s)" .
qed

sublocale valid_trace < fsbtRAGs : fsubtree "RAG s"
proof -
  show "fsubtree (RAG s)"
  proof(intro_locales)
    show "fbranch (RAG s)" using finite_fbranchI[OF finite_RAG] .
  next
    show "fsubtree_axioms (RAG s)"
    proof(unfold fsubtree_axioms_def)
      from wf_RAG show "wf (RAG s)" .
    qed
  qed
qed

sublocale valid_trace < fsbttRAGs: fsubtree "tRAG s"
proof -
  have "fsubtree (tRAG s)"
  proof -
    have "fbranch (tRAG s)"
    proof(unfold tRAG_def, rule fbranch_compose)
        show "fbranch (wRAG s)"
        proof(rule finite_fbranchI)
           from finite_RAG show "finite (wRAG s)"
           by (unfold RAG_split, auto)
        qed
    next
        show "fbranch (hRAG s)"
        proof(rule finite_fbranchI)
           from finite_RAG 
           show "finite (hRAG s)" by (unfold RAG_split, auto)
        qed
    qed
    moreover have "wf (tRAG s)"
    proof(rule wf_subset)
      show "wf (RAG s O RAG s)" using wf_RAG
        by (fold wf_comp_self, simp)
    next
      show "tRAG s \<subseteq> (RAG s O RAG s)"
        by (unfold tRAG_alt_def, auto)
    qed
    ultimately show ?thesis
      by (unfold fsubtree_def fsubtree_axioms_def,auto)
  qed
  from this[folded tRAG_def] show "fsubtree (tRAG s)" .
qed

lemma Max_UNION: 
  assumes "finite A"
  and "A \<noteq> {}"
  and "\<forall> M \<in> f ` A. finite M"
  and "\<forall> M \<in> f ` A. M \<noteq> {}"
  shows "Max (\<Union>x\<in> A. f x) = Max (Max ` f ` A)" (is "?L = ?R")
  using assms[simp]
proof -
  have "?L = Max (\<Union>(f ` A))"
    by (fold Union_image_eq, simp)
  also have "... = ?R"
    by (subst Max_Union, simp+)
  finally show ?thesis .
qed

lemma max_Max_eq:
  assumes "finite A"
    and "A \<noteq> {}"
    and "x = y"
  shows "max x (Max A) = Max ({y} \<union> A)" (is "?L = ?R")
proof -
  have "?R = Max (insert y A)" by simp
  also from assms have "... = ?L"
      by (subst Max.insert, simp+)
  finally show ?thesis by simp
qed

context valid_trace
begin

(* ddd *)
lemma cp_gen_rec:
  assumes "x = Th th"
  shows "cp_gen s x = Max ({the_preced s th} \<union> (cp_gen s) ` children (tRAG s) x)"
proof(cases "children (tRAG s) x = {}")
  case True
  show ?thesis
    by (unfold True cp_gen_def subtree_children, simp add:assms)
next
  case False
  hence [simp]: "children (tRAG s) x \<noteq> {}" by auto
  note fsbttRAGs.finite_subtree[simp]
  have [simp]: "finite (children (tRAG s) x)"
     by (intro rev_finite_subset[OF fsbttRAGs.finite_subtree], 
            rule children_subtree)
  { fix r x
    have "subtree r x \<noteq> {}" by (auto simp:subtree_def)
  } note this[simp]
  have [simp]: "\<exists>x\<in>children (tRAG s) x. subtree (tRAG s) x \<noteq> {}"
  proof -
    from False obtain q where "q \<in> children (tRAG s) x" by blast
    moreover have "subtree (tRAG s) q \<noteq> {}" by simp
    ultimately show ?thesis by blast
  qed
  have h: "Max ((the_preced s \<circ> the_thread) `
                ({x} \<union> \<Union>(subtree (tRAG s) ` children (tRAG s) x))) =
        Max ({the_preced s th} \<union> cp_gen s ` children (tRAG s) x)"
                     (is "?L = ?R")
  proof -
    let "Max (?f ` (?A \<union> \<Union> (?g ` ?B)))" = ?L
    let "Max (_ \<union> (?h ` ?B))" = ?R
    let ?L1 = "?f ` \<Union>(?g ` ?B)"
    have eq_Max_L1: "Max ?L1 = Max (?h ` ?B)"
    proof -
      have "?L1 = ?f ` (\<Union> x \<in> ?B.(?g x))" by simp
      also have "... =  (\<Union> x \<in> ?B. ?f ` (?g x))" by auto
      finally have "Max ?L1 = Max ..." by simp
      also have "... = Max (Max ` (\<lambda>x. ?f ` subtree (tRAG s) x) ` ?B)"
        by (subst Max_UNION, simp+)
      also have "... = Max (cp_gen s ` children (tRAG s) x)"
          by (unfold image_comp cp_gen_alt_def, simp)
      finally show ?thesis .
    qed
    show ?thesis
    proof -
      have "?L = Max (?f ` ?A \<union> ?L1)" by simp
      also have "... = max (the_preced s (the_thread x)) (Max ?L1)"
            by (subst Max_Un, simp+)
      also have "... = max (?f x) (Max (?h ` ?B))"
        by (unfold eq_Max_L1, simp)
      also have "... =?R"
        by (rule max_Max_eq, (simp)+, unfold assms, simp)
      finally show ?thesis .
    qed
  qed  thus ?thesis 
          by (fold h subtree_children, unfold cp_gen_def, simp) 
qed

lemma cp_rec:
  "cp s th = Max ({the_preced s th} \<union> 
                     (cp s o the_thread) ` children (tRAG s) (Th th))"
proof -
  have "Th th = Th th" by simp
  note h =  cp_gen_def_cond[OF this] cp_gen_rec[OF this]
  show ?thesis 
  proof -
    have "cp_gen s ` children (tRAG s) (Th th) = 
                (cp s \<circ> the_thread) ` children (tRAG s) (Th th)"
    proof(rule cp_gen_over_set)
      show " \<forall>x\<in>children (tRAG s) (Th th). \<exists>th. x = Th th"
        by (unfold tRAG_alt_def, auto simp:children_def)
    qed
    thus ?thesis by (subst (1) h(1), unfold h(2), simp)
  qed
qed

end

(* keep *)
lemma next_th_holding:
  assumes vt: "vt s"
  and nxt: "next_th s th cs th'"
  shows "holding (wq s) th cs"
proof -
  from nxt[unfolded next_th_def]
  obtain rest where h: "wq s cs = th # rest"
                       "rest \<noteq> []" 
                       "th' = hd (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest)" by auto
  thus ?thesis
    by (unfold cs_holding_def, auto)
qed

context valid_trace
begin

lemma next_th_waiting:
  assumes nxt: "next_th s th cs th'"
  shows "waiting (wq s) th' cs"
proof -
  from nxt[unfolded next_th_def]
  obtain rest where h: "wq s cs = th # rest"
                       "rest \<noteq> []" 
                       "th' = hd (SOME q. distinct q \<and> set q = set rest)" by auto
  from wq_distinct[of cs, unfolded h]
  have dst: "distinct (th # rest)" .
  have in_rest: "th' \<in> set rest"
  proof(unfold h, rule someI2)
    show "distinct rest \<and> set rest = set rest" using dst by auto
  next
    fix x assume "distinct x \<and> set x = set rest"
    with h(2)
    show "hd x \<in> set (rest)" by (cases x, auto)
  qed
  hence "th' \<in> set (wq s cs)" by (unfold h(1), auto)
  moreover have "th' \<noteq> hd (wq s cs)"
    by (unfold h(1), insert in_rest dst, auto)
  ultimately show ?thesis by (auto simp:cs_waiting_def)
qed

lemma next_th_RAG:
  assumes nxt: "next_th (s::event list) th cs th'"
  shows "{(Cs cs, Th th), (Th th', Cs cs)} \<subseteq> RAG s"
  using vt assms next_th_holding next_th_waiting
  by (unfold s_RAG_def, simp)

end

-- {* A useless definition *}
definition cps:: "state \<Rightarrow> (thread \<times> precedence) set"
where "cps s = {(th, cp s th) | th . th \<in> threads s}"

find_theorems release

lemma "wq (V th cs # s) cs1 = ttt"
  apply (unfold wq_def, auto simp:Let_def)

end