ExtGG.thy~
changeset 84 cfd644dfc3b4
parent 65 633b1fc8631b
--- a/ExtGG.thy~	Wed Jan 27 19:28:42 2016 +0800
+++ b/ExtGG.thy~	Wed Jan 27 23:34:23 2016 +0800
@@ -1,922 +1,920 @@
-theory ExtGG
-imports PrioG CpsG
+section {*
+  This file contains lemmas used to guide the recalculation of current precedence 
+  after every system call (or system operation)
+*}
+theory Implementation
+imports PIPBasics
+begin
+
+text {* (* ddd *)
+  One beauty of our modelling is that we follow the definitional extension tradition of HOL.
+  The benefit of such a concise and miniature model is that  large number of intuitively 
+  obvious facts are derived as lemmas, rather than asserted as axioms.
+*}
+
+text {*
+  However, the lemmas in the forthcoming several locales are no longer 
+  obvious. These lemmas show how the current precedences should be recalculated 
+  after every execution step (in our model, every step is represented by an event, 
+  which in turn, represents a system call, or operation). Each operation is 
+  treated in a separate locale.
+
+  The complication of current precedence recalculation comes 
+  because the changing of RAG needs to be taken into account, 
+  in addition to the changing of precedence. 
+
+  The reason RAG changing affects current precedence is that,
+  according to the definition, current precedence 
+  of a thread is the maximum of the precedences of every threads in its subtree, 
+  where the notion of sub-tree in RAG is defined in RTree.thy.
+
+  Therefore, for each operation, lemmas about the change of precedences 
+  and RAG are derived first, on which lemmas about current precedence 
+  recalculation are based on.
+*}
+
+section {* The @{term Set} operation *}
+
+text {* (* ddd *)
+  The following locale @{text "step_set_cps"} investigates the recalculation 
+  after the @{text "Set"} operation.
+*}
+locale step_set_cps =
+  fixes s' th prio s 
+  -- {* @{text "s'"} is the system state before the operation *}
+  -- {* @{text "s"} is the system state after the operation *}
+  defines s_def : "s \<equiv> (Set th prio#s')" 
+  -- {* @{text "s"} is assumed to be a legitimate state, from which
+         the legitimacy of @{text "s"} can be derived. *}
+  assumes vt_s: "vt s"
+
+sublocale step_set_cps < vat_s : valid_trace "s"
+proof
+  from vt_s show "vt s" .
+qed
+
+sublocale step_set_cps < vat_s' : valid_trace "s'"
+proof
+  from step_back_vt[OF vt_s[unfolded s_def]] show "vt s'" .
+qed
+
+context step_set_cps 
 begin
 
-text {* 
-  The following two auxiliary lemmas are used to reason about @{term Max}.
+text {* (* ddd *)
+  The following two lemmas confirm that @{text "Set"}-operation
+  only changes the precedence of the initiating thread (or actor)
+  of the operation (or event).
 *}
-lemma image_Max_eqI: 
-  assumes "finite B"
-  and "b \<in> B"
-  and "\<forall> x \<in> B. f x \<le> f b"
-  shows "Max (f ` B) = f b"
+
+lemma eq_preced:
+  assumes "th' \<noteq> th"
+  shows "preced th' s = preced th' s'"
+proof -
+  from assms show ?thesis 
+    by (unfold s_def, auto simp:preced_def)
+qed
+
+lemma eq_the_preced: 
+  assumes "th' \<noteq> th"
+  shows "the_preced s th' = the_preced s' th'"
   using assms
-  using Max_eqI by blast 
+  by (unfold the_preced_def, intro eq_preced, simp)
+
+text {*
+  The following lemma assures that the resetting of priority does not change the RAG. 
+*}
+
+lemma eq_dep: "RAG s = RAG s'"
+  by (unfold s_def RAG_set_unchanged, auto)
 
-lemma image_Max_subset:
-  assumes "finite A"
-  and "B \<subseteq> A"
-  and "a \<in> B"
-  and "Max (f ` A) = f a"
-  shows "Max (f ` B) = f a"
-proof(rule image_Max_eqI)
-  show "finite B"
-    using assms(1) assms(2) finite_subset by auto 
-next
-  show "a \<in> B" using assms by simp
-next
-  show "\<forall>x\<in>B. f x \<le> f a"
-    by (metis Max_ge assms(1) assms(2) assms(4) 
-            finite_imageI image_eqI subsetCE) 
+text {* (* ddd *)
+  Th following lemma @{text "eq_cp_pre"} says that the priority change of @{text "th"}
+  only affects those threads, which as @{text "Th th"} in their sub-trees.
+  
+  The proof of this lemma is simplified by using the alternative definition 
+  of @{text "cp"}. 
+*}
+
+lemma eq_cp_pre:
+  assumes nd: "Th th \<notin> subtree (RAG s') (Th th')"
+  shows "cp s th' = cp s' th'"
+proof -
+  -- {* After unfolding using the alternative definition, elements 
+        affecting the @{term "cp"}-value of threads become explicit. 
+        We only need to prove the following: *}
+  have "Max (the_preced s ` {th'a. Th th'a \<in> subtree (RAG s) (Th th')}) =
+        Max (the_preced s' ` {th'a. Th th'a \<in> subtree (RAG s') (Th th')})"
+        (is "Max (?f ` ?S1) = Max (?g ` ?S2)")
+  proof -
+    -- {* The base sets are equal. *}
+    have "?S1 = ?S2" using eq_dep by simp
+    -- {* The function values on the base set are equal as well. *}
+    moreover have "\<forall> e \<in> ?S2. ?f e = ?g e"
+    proof
+      fix th1
+      assume "th1 \<in> ?S2"
+      with nd have "th1 \<noteq> th" by (auto)
+      from eq_the_preced[OF this]
+      show "the_preced s th1 = the_preced s' th1" .
+    qed
+    -- {* Therefore, the image of the functions are equal. *}
+    ultimately have "(?f ` ?S1) = (?g ` ?S2)" by (auto intro!:f_image_eq)
+    thus ?thesis by simp
+  qed
+  thus ?thesis by (simp add:cp_alt_def)
 qed
 
 text {*
-  The following locale @{text "highest_gen"} sets the basic context for our
-  investigation: supposing thread @{text th} holds the highest @{term cp}-value
-  in state @{text s}, which means the task for @{text th} is the 
-  most urgent. We want to show that  
-  @{text th} is treated correctly by PIP, which means
-  @{text th} will not be blocked unreasonably by other less urgent
-  threads. 
+  The following lemma shows that @{term "th"} is not in the 
+  sub-tree of any other thread. 
 *}
-locale highest_gen =
-  fixes s th prio tm
+lemma th_in_no_subtree:
+  assumes "th' \<noteq> th"
+  shows "Th th \<notin> subtree (RAG s') (Th th')"
+proof -
+  have "th \<in> readys s'"
+  proof -
+    from step_back_step [OF vt_s[unfolded s_def]]
+    have "step s' (Set th prio)" .
+    hence "th \<in> runing s'" by (cases, simp)
+    thus ?thesis by (simp add:readys_def runing_def)
+  qed
+  from vat_s'.readys_in_no_subtree[OF this assms(1)]
+  show ?thesis by blast
+qed
+
+text {* 
+  By combining @{thm "eq_cp_pre"} and @{thm "th_in_no_subtree"}, 
+  it is obvious that the change of priority only affects the @{text "cp"}-value 
+  of the initiating thread @{text "th"}.
+*}
+lemma eq_cp:
+  assumes "th' \<noteq> th"
+  shows "cp s th' = cp s' th'"
+  by (rule eq_cp_pre[OF th_in_no_subtree[OF assms]])
+
+end
+
+section {* The @{term V} operation *}
+
+text {*
+  The following @{text "step_v_cps"} is the locale for @{text "V"}-operation.
+*}
+
+locale step_v_cps =
+  -- {* @{text "th"} is the initiating thread *}
+  -- {* @{text "cs"} is the critical resource release by the @{text "V"}-operation *}
+  fixes s' th cs s    -- {* @{text "s'"} is the state before operation*}
+  defines s_def : "s \<equiv> (V th cs#s')" -- {* @{text "s"} is the state after operation*}
+  -- {* @{text "s"} is assumed to be valid, which implies the validity of @{text "s'"} *}
   assumes vt_s: "vt s"
-  and threads_s: "th \<in> threads s"
-  and highest: "preced th s = Max ((cp s)`threads s)"
-  -- {* The internal structure of @{term th}'s precedence is exposed:*}
-  and preced_th: "preced th s = Prc prio tm" 
+
+sublocale step_v_cps < vat_s : valid_trace "s"
+proof
+  from vt_s show "vt s" .
+qed
+
+sublocale step_v_cps < vat_s' : valid_trace "s'"
+proof
+  from step_back_vt[OF vt_s[unfolded s_def]] show "vt s'" .
+qed
+
+context step_v_cps
+begin
+
+lemma ready_th_s': "th \<in> readys s'"
+  using step_back_step[OF vt_s[unfolded s_def]]
+  by (cases, simp add:runing_def)
+
+lemma ancestors_th: "ancestors (RAG s') (Th th) = {}"
+proof -
+  from vat_s'.readys_root[OF ready_th_s']
+  show ?thesis
+  by (unfold root_def, simp)
+qed
+
+lemma holding_th: "holding s' th cs"
+proof -
+  from vt_s[unfolded s_def]
+  have " PIP s' (V th cs)" by (cases, simp)
+  thus ?thesis by (cases, auto)
+qed
 
--- {* @{term s} is a valid trace, so it will inherit all results derived for
-      a valid trace: *}
-sublocale highest_gen < vat_s: valid_trace "s"
-  by (unfold_locales, insert vt_s, simp)
+lemma edge_of_th:
+    "(Cs cs, Th th) \<in> RAG s'" 
+proof -
+ from holding_th
+ show ?thesis 
+    by (unfold s_RAG_def holding_eq, auto)
+qed
 
-context highest_gen
+lemma ancestors_cs: 
+  "ancestors (RAG s') (Cs cs) = {Th th}"
+proof -
+  have "ancestors (RAG s') (Cs cs) = ancestors (RAG s') (Th th)  \<union>  {Th th}"
+  proof(rule vat_s'.rtree_RAG.ancestors_accum)
+    from vt_s[unfolded s_def]
+    have " PIP s' (V th cs)" by (cases, simp)
+    thus "(Cs cs, Th th) \<in> RAG s'" 
+    proof(cases)
+      assume "holding s' th cs"
+      from this[unfolded holding_eq]
+      show ?thesis by (unfold s_RAG_def, auto)
+    qed
+  qed
+  from this[unfolded ancestors_th] show ?thesis by simp
+qed
+
+lemma preced_kept: "the_preced s = the_preced s'"
+  by (auto simp: s_def the_preced_def preced_def)
+
+end
+
+text {*
+  The following @{text "step_v_cps_nt"} is the sub-locale for @{text "V"}-operation, 
+  which represents the case when there is another thread @{text "th'"}
+  to take over the critical resource released by the initiating thread @{text "th"}.
+*}
+locale step_v_cps_nt = step_v_cps +
+  fixes th'
+  -- {* @{text "th'"} is assumed to take over @{text "cs"} *}
+  assumes nt: "next_th s' th cs th'" 
+
+context step_v_cps_nt
 begin
 
 text {*
-  @{term tm} is the time when the precedence of @{term th} is set, so 
-  @{term tm} must be a valid moment index into @{term s}.
+  Lemma @{text "RAG_s"} confirms the change of RAG:
+  two edges removed and one added, as shown by the following diagram.
 *}
-lemma lt_tm: "tm < length s"
-  by (insert preced_tm_lt[OF threads_s preced_th], simp)
+
+(*
+  RAG before the V-operation
+    th1 ----|
+            |
+    th' ----|
+            |----> cs -----|
+    th2 ----|              |
+            |              |
+    th3 ----|              |
+                           |------> th
+    th4 ----|              |
+            |              |
+    th5 ----|              |
+            |----> cs'-----|
+    th6 ----|
+            |
+    th7 ----|
+
+ RAG after the V-operation
+    th1 ----|
+            |
+            |----> cs ----> th'
+    th2 ----|              
+            |              
+    th3 ----|              
+                           
+    th4 ----|              
+            |              
+    th5 ----|              
+            |----> cs'----> th
+    th6 ----|
+            |
+    th7 ----|
+*)
+
+lemma sub_RAGs': "{(Cs cs, Th th), (Th th', Cs cs)} \<subseteq> RAG s'"
+                using next_th_RAG[OF nt]  .
+
+lemma ancestors_th': 
+  "ancestors (RAG s') (Th th') = {Th th, Cs cs}" 
+proof -
+  have "ancestors (RAG s') (Th th') = ancestors (RAG s') (Cs cs) \<union> {Cs cs}"
+  proof(rule  vat_s'.rtree_RAG.ancestors_accum)
+    from sub_RAGs' show "(Th th', Cs cs) \<in> RAG s'" by auto
+  qed
+  thus ?thesis using ancestors_th ancestors_cs by auto
+qed
+
+lemma RAG_s:
+  "RAG s = (RAG s' - {(Cs cs, Th th), (Th th', Cs cs)}) \<union>
+                                         {(Cs cs, Th th')}"
+proof -
+  from step_RAG_v[OF vt_s[unfolded s_def], folded s_def]
+    and nt show ?thesis  by (auto intro:next_th_unique)
+qed
 
-text {*
-  Since @{term th} holds the highest precedence and @{text "cp"}
-  is the highest precedence of all threads in the sub-tree of 
-  @{text "th"} and @{text th} is among these threads, 
-  its @{term cp} must equal to its precedence:
-*}
-lemma eq_cp_s_th: "cp s th = preced th s" (is "?L = ?R")
+lemma subtree_kept: (* ddd *)
+  assumes "th1 \<notin> {th, th'}"
+  shows "subtree (RAG s) (Th th1) = subtree (RAG s') (Th th1)" (is "_ = ?R")
 proof -
-  have "?L \<le> ?R"
-  by (unfold highest, rule Max_ge, 
-        auto simp:threads_s finite_threads)
-  moreover have "?R \<le> ?L"
-    by (unfold vat_s.cp_rec, rule Max_ge, 
-        auto simp:the_preced_def vat_s.fsbttRAGs.finite_children)
-  ultimately show ?thesis by auto
+  let ?RAG' = "(RAG s' - {(Cs cs, Th th), (Th th', Cs cs)})"
+  let ?RAG'' = "?RAG' \<union> {(Cs cs, Th th')}"
+  have "subtree ?RAG' (Th th1) = ?R" 
+  proof(rule subset_del_subtree_outside)
+    show "Range {(Cs cs, Th th), (Th th', Cs cs)} \<inter> subtree (RAG s') (Th th1) = {}"
+    proof -
+      have "(Th th) \<notin> subtree (RAG s') (Th th1)"
+      proof(rule subtree_refute)
+        show "Th th1 \<notin> ancestors (RAG s') (Th th)"
+          by (unfold ancestors_th, simp)
+      next
+        from assms show "Th th1 \<noteq> Th th" by simp
+      qed
+      moreover have "(Cs cs) \<notin>  subtree (RAG s') (Th th1)"
+      proof(rule subtree_refute)
+        show "Th th1 \<notin> ancestors (RAG s') (Cs cs)"
+          by (unfold ancestors_cs, insert assms, auto)
+      qed simp
+      ultimately have "{Th th, Cs cs} \<inter> subtree (RAG s') (Th th1) = {}" by auto
+      thus ?thesis by simp
+     qed
+  qed
+  moreover have "subtree ?RAG'' (Th th1) =  subtree ?RAG' (Th th1)"
+  proof(rule subtree_insert_next)
+    show "Th th' \<notin> subtree (RAG s' - {(Cs cs, Th th), (Th th', Cs cs)}) (Th th1)"
+    proof(rule subtree_refute)
+      show "Th th1 \<notin> ancestors (RAG s' - {(Cs cs, Th th), (Th th', Cs cs)}) (Th th')"
+            (is "_ \<notin> ?R")
+      proof -
+          have "?R \<subseteq> ancestors (RAG s') (Th th')" by (rule ancestors_mono, auto)
+          moreover have "Th th1 \<notin> ..." using ancestors_th' assms by simp
+          ultimately show ?thesis by auto
+      qed
+    next
+      from assms show "Th th1 \<noteq> Th th'" by simp
+    qed
+  qed
+  ultimately show ?thesis by (unfold RAG_s, simp)
+qed
+
+lemma cp_kept:
+  assumes "th1 \<notin> {th, th'}"
+  shows "cp s th1 = cp s' th1"
+    by (unfold cp_alt_def preced_kept subtree_kept[OF assms], simp)
+
+end
+
+locale step_v_cps_nnt = step_v_cps +
+  assumes nnt: "\<And> th'. (\<not> next_th s' th cs th')"
+
+context step_v_cps_nnt
+begin
+
+lemma RAG_s: "RAG s = RAG s' - {(Cs cs, Th th)}"
+proof -
+  from nnt and  step_RAG_v[OF vt_s[unfolded s_def], folded s_def]
+  show ?thesis by auto
 qed
 
-(* ccc *)
-lemma highest_cp_preced: "cp s th = Max ((\<lambda> th'. preced th' s) ` threads s)"
-  by (fold max_cp_eq, unfold eq_cp_s_th, insert highest, simp)
+lemma subtree_kept:
+  assumes "th1 \<noteq> th"
+  shows "subtree (RAG s) (Th th1) = subtree (RAG s') (Th th1)"
+proof(unfold RAG_s, rule subset_del_subtree_outside)
+  show "Range {(Cs cs, Th th)} \<inter> subtree (RAG s') (Th th1) = {}"
+  proof -
+    have "(Th th) \<notin> subtree (RAG s') (Th th1)"
+    proof(rule subtree_refute)
+      show "Th th1 \<notin> ancestors (RAG s') (Th th)"
+          by (unfold ancestors_th, simp)
+    next
+      from assms show "Th th1 \<noteq> Th th" by simp
+    qed
+    thus ?thesis by auto
+  qed
+qed
+
+lemma cp_kept_1:
+  assumes "th1 \<noteq> th"
+  shows "cp s th1 = cp s' th1"
+    by (unfold cp_alt_def preced_kept subtree_kept[OF assms], simp)
+
+lemma subtree_cs: "subtree (RAG s') (Cs cs) = {Cs cs}"
+proof -
+  { fix n
+    have "(Cs cs) \<notin> ancestors (RAG s') n"
+    proof
+      assume "Cs cs \<in> ancestors (RAG s') n"
+      hence "(n, Cs cs) \<in> (RAG s')^+" by (auto simp:ancestors_def)
+      from tranclE[OF this] obtain nn where h: "(nn, Cs cs) \<in> RAG s'" by auto
+      then obtain th' where "nn = Th th'"
+        by (unfold s_RAG_def, auto)
+      from h[unfolded this] have "(Th th', Cs cs) \<in> RAG s'" .
+      from this[unfolded s_RAG_def]
+      have "waiting (wq s') th' cs" by auto
+      from this[unfolded cs_waiting_def]
+      have "1 < length (wq s' cs)"
+          by (cases "wq s' cs", auto)
+      from holding_next_thI[OF holding_th this]
+      obtain th' where "next_th s' th cs th'" by auto
+      with nnt show False by auto
+    qed
+  } note h = this
+  {  fix n
+     assume "n \<in> subtree (RAG s') (Cs cs)"
+     hence "n = (Cs cs)"
+     by (elim subtreeE, insert h, auto)
+  } moreover have "(Cs cs) \<in> subtree (RAG s') (Cs cs)"
+      by (auto simp:subtree_def)
+  ultimately show ?thesis by auto 
+qed
+
+lemma subtree_th: 
+  "subtree (RAG s) (Th th) = subtree (RAG s') (Th th) - {Cs cs}"
+proof(unfold RAG_s, fold subtree_cs, rule vat_s'.rtree_RAG.subtree_del_inside)
+  from edge_of_th
+  show "(Cs cs, Th th) \<in> edges_in (RAG s') (Th th)"
+    by (unfold edges_in_def, auto simp:subtree_def)
+qed
+
+lemma cp_kept_2: 
+  shows "cp s th = cp s' th" 
+ by (unfold cp_alt_def subtree_th preced_kept, auto)
+
+lemma eq_cp:
+  shows "cp s th' = cp s' th'"
+  using cp_kept_1 cp_kept_2
+  by (cases "th' = th", auto)
+end
+
+
+locale step_P_cps =
+  fixes s' th cs s 
+  defines s_def : "s \<equiv> (P th cs#s')"
+  assumes vt_s: "vt s"
 
-lemma highest_preced_thread: "preced th s = Max ((\<lambda> th'. preced th' s) ` threads s)"
-  by (fold eq_cp_s_th, unfold highest_cp_preced, simp)
+sublocale step_P_cps < vat_s : valid_trace "s"
+proof
+  from vt_s show "vt s" .
+qed
+
+section {* The @{term P} operation *}
+
+sublocale step_P_cps < vat_s' : valid_trace "s'"
+proof
+  from step_back_vt[OF vt_s[unfolded s_def]] show "vt s'" .
+qed
+
+context step_P_cps
+begin
+
+lemma readys_th: "th \<in> readys s'"
+proof -
+    from step_back_step [OF vt_s[unfolded s_def]]
+    have "PIP s' (P th cs)" .
+    hence "th \<in> runing s'" by (cases, simp)
+    thus ?thesis by (simp add:readys_def runing_def)
+qed
+
+lemma root_th: "root (RAG s') (Th th)"
+  using readys_root[OF readys_th] .
 
-lemma highest': "cp s th = Max (cp s ` threads s)"
+lemma in_no_others_subtree:
+  assumes "th' \<noteq> th"
+  shows "Th th \<notin> subtree (RAG s') (Th th')"
+proof
+  assume "Th th \<in> subtree (RAG s') (Th th')"
+  thus False
+  proof(cases rule:subtreeE)
+    case 1
+    with assms show ?thesis by auto
+  next
+    case 2
+    with root_th show ?thesis by (auto simp:root_def)
+  qed
+qed
+
+lemma preced_kept: "the_preced s = the_preced s'"
+  by (auto simp: s_def the_preced_def preced_def)
+
+end
+
+locale step_P_cps_ne =step_P_cps +
+  fixes th'
+  assumes ne: "wq s' cs \<noteq> []"
+  defines th'_def: "th' \<equiv> hd (wq s' cs)"
+
+locale step_P_cps_e =step_P_cps +
+  assumes ee: "wq s' cs = []"
+
+context step_P_cps_e
+begin
+
+lemma RAG_s: "RAG s = RAG s' \<union> {(Cs cs, Th th)}"
 proof -
-  from highest_cp_preced max_cp_eq[symmetric]
-  show ?thesis by simp
+  from ee and  step_RAG_p[OF vt_s[unfolded s_def], folded s_def]
+  show ?thesis by auto
+qed
+
+lemma subtree_kept:
+  assumes "th' \<noteq> th"
+  shows "subtree (RAG s) (Th th') = subtree (RAG s') (Th th')"
+proof(unfold RAG_s, rule subtree_insert_next)
+  from in_no_others_subtree[OF assms] 
+  show "Th th \<notin> subtree (RAG s') (Th th')" .
+qed
+
+lemma cp_kept: 
+  assumes "th' \<noteq> th"
+  shows "cp s th' = cp s' th'"
+proof -
+  have "(the_preced s ` {th'a. Th th'a \<in> subtree (RAG s) (Th th')}) =
+        (the_preced s' ` {th'a. Th th'a \<in> subtree (RAG s') (Th th')})"
+        by (unfold preced_kept subtree_kept[OF assms], simp)
+  thus ?thesis by (unfold cp_alt_def, simp)
 qed
 
 end
 
-locale extend_highest_gen = highest_gen + 
-  fixes t 
-  assumes vt_t: "vt (t@s)"
-  and create_low: "Create th' prio' \<in> set t \<Longrightarrow> prio' \<le> prio"
-  and set_diff_low: "Set th' prio' \<in> set t \<Longrightarrow> th' \<noteq> th \<and> prio' \<le> prio"
-  and exit_diff: "Exit th' \<in> set t \<Longrightarrow> th' \<noteq> th"
-
-sublocale extend_highest_gen < vat_t: valid_trace "t@s"
-  by (unfold_locales, insert vt_t, simp)
-
-lemma step_back_vt_app: 
-  assumes vt_ts: "vt (t@s)" 
-  shows "vt s"
-proof -
-  from vt_ts show ?thesis
-  proof(induct t)
-    case Nil
-    from Nil show ?case by auto
-  next
-    case (Cons e t)
-    assume ih: " vt (t @ s) \<Longrightarrow> vt s"
-      and vt_et: "vt ((e # t) @ s)"
-    show ?case
-    proof(rule ih)
-      show "vt (t @ s)"
-      proof(rule step_back_vt)
-        from vt_et show "vt (e # t @ s)" by simp
-      qed
-    qed
-  qed
-qed
-
-
-locale red_extend_highest_gen = extend_highest_gen +
-   fixes i::nat
-
-sublocale red_extend_highest_gen <   red_moment: extend_highest_gen "s" "th" "prio" "tm" "(moment i t)"
-  apply (insert extend_highest_gen_axioms, subst (asm) (1) moment_restm_s [of i t, symmetric])
-  apply (unfold extend_highest_gen_def extend_highest_gen_axioms_def, clarsimp)
-  by (unfold highest_gen_def, auto dest:step_back_vt_app)
-
-
-context extend_highest_gen
+context step_P_cps_ne 
 begin
 
- lemma ind [consumes 0, case_names Nil Cons, induct type]:
-  assumes 
-    h0: "R []"
-  and h2: "\<And> e t. \<lbrakk>vt (t@s); step (t@s) e; 
-                    extend_highest_gen s th prio tm t; 
-                    extend_highest_gen s th prio tm (e#t); R t\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> R (e#t)"
-  shows "R t"
+lemma RAG_s: "RAG s = RAG s' \<union> {(Th th, Cs cs)}"
+proof -
+  from step_RAG_p[OF vt_s[unfolded s_def]] and ne
+  show ?thesis by (simp add:s_def)
+qed
+
+lemma cs_held: "(Cs cs, Th th') \<in> RAG s'"
 proof -
-  from vt_t extend_highest_gen_axioms show ?thesis
-  proof(induct t)
-    from h0 show "R []" .
-  next
-    case (Cons e t')
-    assume ih: "\<lbrakk>vt (t' @ s); extend_highest_gen s th prio tm t'\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> R t'"
-      and vt_e: "vt ((e # t') @ s)"
-      and et: "extend_highest_gen s th prio tm (e # t')"
-    from vt_e and step_back_step have stp: "step (t'@s) e" by auto
-    from vt_e and step_back_vt have vt_ts: "vt (t'@s)" by auto
-    show ?case
-    proof(rule h2 [OF vt_ts stp _ _ _ ])
-      show "R t'"
-      proof(rule ih)
-        from et show ext': "extend_highest_gen s th prio tm t'"
-          by (unfold extend_highest_gen_def extend_highest_gen_axioms_def, auto dest:step_back_vt)
-      next
-        from vt_ts show "vt (t' @ s)" .
-      qed
-    next
-      from et show "extend_highest_gen s th prio tm (e # t')" .
-    next
-      from et show ext': "extend_highest_gen s th prio tm t'"
-          by (unfold extend_highest_gen_def extend_highest_gen_axioms_def, auto dest:step_back_vt)
-    qed
+  have "(Cs cs, Th th') \<in> hRAG s'"
+  proof -
+    from ne
+    have " holding s' th' cs"
+      by (unfold th'_def holding_eq cs_holding_def, auto)
+    thus ?thesis 
+      by (unfold hRAG_def, auto)
   qed
+  thus ?thesis by (unfold RAG_split, auto)
 qed
 
+lemma tRAG_s: 
+  "tRAG s = tRAG s' \<union> {(Th th, Th th')}"
+  using RAG_tRAG_transfer[OF RAG_s cs_held] .
 
-lemma th_kept: "th \<in> threads (t @ s) \<and> 
-                 preced th (t@s) = preced th s" (is "?Q t") 
+lemma cp_kept:
+  assumes "Th th'' \<notin> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th)"
+  shows "cp s th'' = cp s' th''"
 proof -
-  show ?thesis
-  proof(induct rule:ind)
-    case Nil
-    from threads_s
-    show ?case
-      by auto
-  next
-    case (Cons e t)
-    interpret h_e: extend_highest_gen _ _ _ _ "(e # t)" using Cons by auto
-    interpret h_t: extend_highest_gen _ _ _ _ t using Cons by auto
-    show ?case
-    proof(cases e)
-      case (Create thread prio)
-      show ?thesis
-      proof -
-        from Cons and Create have "step (t@s) (Create thread prio)" by auto
-        hence "th \<noteq> thread"
-        proof(cases)
-          case thread_create
-          with Cons show ?thesis by auto
-        qed
-        hence "preced th ((e # t) @ s)  = preced th (t @ s)"
-          by (unfold Create, auto simp:preced_def)
-        moreover note Cons
-        ultimately show ?thesis
-          by (auto simp:Create)
-      qed
-    next
-      case (Exit thread)
-      from h_e.exit_diff and Exit
-      have neq_th: "thread \<noteq> th" by auto
-      with Cons
-      show ?thesis
-        by (unfold Exit, auto simp:preced_def)
-    next
-      case (P thread cs)
-      with Cons
-      show ?thesis 
-        by (auto simp:P preced_def)
-    next
-      case (V thread cs)
-      with Cons
-      show ?thesis 
-        by (auto simp:V preced_def)
-    next
-      case (Set thread prio')
-      show ?thesis
-      proof -
-        from h_e.set_diff_low and Set
-        have "th \<noteq> thread" by auto
-        hence "preced th ((e # t) @ s)  = preced th (t @ s)"
-          by (unfold Set, auto simp:preced_def)
-        moreover note Cons
-        ultimately show ?thesis
-          by (auto simp:Set)
+  have h: "subtree (tRAG s) (Th th'') = subtree (tRAG s') (Th th'')"
+  proof -
+    have "Th th' \<notin> subtree (tRAG s') (Th th'')"
+    proof
+      assume "Th th' \<in> subtree (tRAG s') (Th th'')"
+      thus False
+      proof(rule subtreeE)
+         assume "Th th' = Th th''"
+         from assms[unfolded tRAG_s ancestors_def, folded this]
+         show ?thesis by auto
+      next
+         assume "Th th'' \<in> ancestors (tRAG s') (Th th')"
+         moreover have "... \<subseteq> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th')"
+         proof(rule ancestors_mono)
+            show "tRAG s' \<subseteq> tRAG s" by (unfold tRAG_s, auto)
+         qed 
+         ultimately have "Th th'' \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th')" by auto
+         moreover have "Th th' \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th)"
+           by (unfold tRAG_s, auto simp:ancestors_def)
+         ultimately have "Th th'' \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th)"
+                       by (auto simp:ancestors_def)
+         with assms show ?thesis by auto
       qed
     qed
+    from subtree_insert_next[OF this]
+    have "subtree (tRAG s' \<union> {(Th th, Th th')}) (Th th'') = subtree (tRAG s') (Th th'')" .
+    from this[folded tRAG_s] show ?thesis .
   qed
+  show ?thesis by (unfold cp_alt_def1 h preced_kept, simp)
 qed
 
-text {*
-  According to @{thm th_kept}, thread @{text "th"} has its living status
-  and precedence kept along the way of @{text "t"}. The following lemma
-  shows that this preserved precedence of @{text "th"} remains as the highest
-  along the way of @{text "t"}.
-
-  The proof goes by induction over @{text "t"} using the specialized
-  induction rule @{thm ind}, followed by case analysis of each possible 
-  operations of PIP. All cases follow the same pattern rendered by the 
-  generalized introduction rule @{thm "image_Max_eqI"}. 
-
-  The very essence is to show that precedences, no matter whether they are newly introduced 
-  or modified, are always lower than the one held by @{term "th"},
-  which by @{thm th_kept} is preserved along the way.
-*}
-lemma max_kept: "Max (the_preced (t @ s) ` (threads (t@s))) = preced th s"
-proof(induct rule:ind)
-  case Nil
-  from highest_preced_thread
-  show ?case
-    by (unfold the_preced_def, simp)
-next
-  case (Cons e t)
-    interpret h_e: extend_highest_gen _ _ _ _ "(e # t)" using Cons by auto
-    interpret h_t: extend_highest_gen _ _ _ _ t using Cons by auto
-  show ?case
-  proof(cases e)
-    case (Create thread prio')
-    show ?thesis (is "Max (?f ` ?A) = ?t")
+lemma cp_gen_update_stop: (* ddd *)
+  assumes "u \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th)"
+  and "cp_gen s u = cp_gen s' u"
+  and "y \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) u"
+  shows "cp_gen s y = cp_gen s' y"
+  using assms(3)
+proof(induct rule:wf_induct[OF vat_s.fsbttRAGs.wf])
+  case (1 x)
+  show ?case (is "?L = ?R")
+  proof -
+    from tRAG_ancestorsE[OF 1(2)]
+    obtain th2 where eq_x: "x = Th th2" by blast
+    from vat_s.cp_gen_rec[OF this]
+    have "?L = 
+          Max ({the_preced s th2} \<union> cp_gen s ` RTree.children (tRAG s) x)" .
+    also have "... = 
+          Max ({the_preced s' th2} \<union> cp_gen s' ` RTree.children (tRAG s') x)"
+  
     proof -
-      -- {* The following is the common pattern of each branch of the case analysis. *}
-      -- {* The major part is to show that @{text "th"} holds the highest precedence: *}
-      have "Max (?f ` ?A) = ?f th"
-      proof(rule image_Max_eqI)
-        show "finite ?A" using h_e.finite_threads by auto 
-      next
-        show "th \<in> ?A" using h_e.th_kept by auto 
-      next
-        show "\<forall>x\<in>?A. ?f x \<le> ?f th"
-        proof 
-          fix x
-          assume "x \<in> ?A"
-          hence "x = thread \<or> x \<in> threads (t@s)" by (auto simp:Create)
-          thus "?f x \<le> ?f th"
+      from preced_kept have "the_preced s th2 = the_preced s' th2" by simp
+      moreover have "cp_gen s ` RTree.children (tRAG s) x =
+                     cp_gen s' ` RTree.children (tRAG s') x"
+      proof -
+        have "RTree.children (tRAG s) x =  RTree.children (tRAG s') x"
+        proof(unfold tRAG_s, rule children_union_kept)
+          have start: "(Th th, Th th') \<in> tRAG s"
+            by (unfold tRAG_s, auto)
+          note x_u = 1(2)
+          show "x \<notin> Range {(Th th, Th th')}"
           proof
-            assume "x = thread"
-            thus ?thesis 
-              apply (simp add:Create the_preced_def preced_def, fold preced_def)
-              using Create h_e.create_low h_t.th_kept lt_tm preced_leI2 preced_th by force
-          next
-            assume h: "x \<in> threads (t @ s)"
-            from Cons(2)[unfolded Create] 
-            have "x \<noteq> thread" using h by (cases, auto)
-            hence "?f x = the_preced (t@s) x" 
-              by (simp add:Create the_preced_def preced_def)
-            hence "?f x \<le> Max (the_preced (t@s) ` threads (t@s))"
-              by (simp add: h_t.finite_threads h)
-            also have "... = ?f th"
-              by (metis Cons.hyps(5) h_e.th_kept the_preced_def) 
-            finally show ?thesis .
+            assume "x \<in> Range {(Th th, Th th')}"
+            hence eq_x: "x = Th th'" using RangeE by auto
+            show False
+            proof(cases rule:vat_s.rtree_s.ancestors_headE[OF assms(1) start])
+              case 1
+              from x_u[folded this, unfolded eq_x] vat_s.acyclic_tRAG
+              show ?thesis by (auto simp:ancestors_def acyclic_def)
+            next
+              case 2
+              with x_u[unfolded eq_x]
+              have "(Th th', Th th') \<in> (tRAG s)^+" by (auto simp:ancestors_def)
+              with vat_s.acyclic_tRAG show ?thesis by (auto simp:acyclic_def)
+            qed
           qed
         qed
-      qed
-     -- {* The minor part is to show that the precedence of @{text "th"} 
-           equals to preserved one, given by the foregoing lemma @{thm th_kept} *}
-      also have "... = ?t" using h_e.th_kept the_preced_def by auto
-      -- {* Then it follows trivially that the precedence preserved
-            for @{term "th"} remains the maximum of all living threads along the way. *}
-      finally show ?thesis .
-    qed 
-  next 
-    case (Exit thread)
-    show ?thesis (is "Max (?f ` ?A) = ?t")
-    proof -
-      have "Max (?f ` ?A) = ?f th"
-      proof(rule image_Max_eqI)
-        show "finite ?A" using h_e.finite_threads by auto 
-      next
-        show "th \<in> ?A" using h_e.th_kept by auto 
-      next
-        show "\<forall>x\<in>?A. ?f x \<le> ?f th"
-        proof 
-          fix x
-          assume "x \<in> ?A"
-          hence "x \<in> threads (t@s)" by (simp add: Exit) 
-          hence "?f x \<le> Max (?f ` threads (t@s))" 
-            by (simp add: h_t.finite_threads) 
-          also have "... \<le> ?f th" 
-            apply (simp add:Exit the_preced_def preced_def, fold preced_def)
-            using Cons.hyps(5) h_t.th_kept the_preced_def by auto
-          finally show "?f x \<le> ?f th" .
-        qed
-      qed
-      also have "... = ?t" using h_e.th_kept the_preced_def by auto
-      finally show ?thesis .
-    qed 
-  next
-    case (P thread cs)
-    with Cons
-    show ?thesis by (auto simp:preced_def the_preced_def)
-  next
-    case (V thread cs)
-    with Cons
-    show ?thesis by (auto simp:preced_def the_preced_def)
-  next 
-    case (Set thread prio')
-    show ?thesis (is "Max (?f ` ?A) = ?t")
-    proof -
-      have "Max (?f ` ?A) = ?f th"
-      proof(rule image_Max_eqI)
-        show "finite ?A" using h_e.finite_threads by auto 
-      next
-        show "th \<in> ?A" using h_e.th_kept by auto 
-      next
-        show "\<forall>x\<in>?A. ?f x \<le> ?f th"
-        proof 
-          fix x
-          assume h: "x \<in> ?A"
-          show "?f x \<le> ?f th"
-          proof(cases "x = thread")
-            case True
-            moreover have "the_preced (Set thread prio' # t @ s) thread \<le> the_preced (t @ s) th"
-            proof -
-              have "the_preced (t @ s) th = Prc prio tm"  
-                using h_t.th_kept preced_th by (simp add:the_preced_def)
-              moreover have "prio' \<le> prio" using Set h_e.set_diff_low by auto
-              ultimately show ?thesis by (insert lt_tm, auto simp:the_preced_def preced_def)
+        moreover have "cp_gen s ` RTree.children (tRAG s) x =
+                       cp_gen s' ` RTree.children (tRAG s) x" (is "?f ` ?A = ?g ` ?A")
+        proof(rule f_image_eq)
+          fix a
+          assume a_in: "a \<in> ?A"
+          from 1(2)
+          show "?f a = ?g a"
+          proof(cases rule:vat_s.rtree_s.ancestors_childrenE[case_names in_ch out_ch])
+             case in_ch
+             show ?thesis
+             proof(cases "a = u")
+                case True
+                from assms(2)[folded this] show ?thesis .
+             next
+                case False
+                have a_not_in: "a \<notin> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th)"
+                proof
+                  assume a_in': "a \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th)"
+                  have "a = u"
+                  proof(rule vat_s.rtree_s.ancestors_children_unique)
+                    from a_in' a_in show "a \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th) \<inter> 
+                                          RTree.children (tRAG s) x" by auto
+                  next 
+                    from assms(1) in_ch show "u \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th) \<inter> 
+                                      RTree.children (tRAG s) x" by auto
+                  qed
+                  with False show False by simp
+                qed
+                from a_in obtain th_a where eq_a: "a = Th th_a" 
+                    by (unfold RTree.children_def tRAG_alt_def, auto)
+                from cp_kept[OF a_not_in[unfolded eq_a]]
+                have "cp s th_a = cp s' th_a" .
+                from this [unfolded cp_gen_def_cond[OF eq_a], folded eq_a]
+                show ?thesis .
+             qed
+          next
+            case (out_ch z)
+            hence h: "z \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) u" "z \<in> RTree.children (tRAG s) x" by auto
+            show ?thesis
+            proof(cases "a = z")
+              case True
+              from h(2) have zx_in: "(z, x) \<in> (tRAG s)" by (auto simp:RTree.children_def)
+              from 1(1)[rule_format, OF this h(1)]
+              have eq_cp_gen: "cp_gen s z = cp_gen s' z" .
+              with True show ?thesis by metis
+            next
+              case False
+              from a_in obtain th_a where eq_a: "a = Th th_a"
+                by (auto simp:RTree.children_def tRAG_alt_def)
+              have "a \<notin> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th)"
+              proof
+                assume a_in': "a \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th)"
+                have "a = z"
+                proof(rule vat_s.rtree_s.ancestors_children_unique)
+                  from assms(1) h(1) have "z \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th)"
+                      by (auto simp:ancestors_def)
+                  with h(2) show " z \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th) \<inter> 
+                                       RTree.children (tRAG s) x" by auto
+                next
+                  from a_in a_in'
+                  show "a \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th) \<inter> RTree.children (tRAG s) x"
+                    by auto
+                qed
+                with False show False by auto
+              qed
+              from cp_kept[OF this[unfolded eq_a]]
+              have "cp s th_a = cp s' th_a" .
+              from this[unfolded cp_gen_def_cond[OF eq_a], folded eq_a]
+              show ?thesis .
             qed
-            ultimately show ?thesis
-              by (unfold Set, simp add:the_preced_def preced_def)
-          next
-            case False
-            then have "?f x  = the_preced (t@s) x"
-              by (simp add:the_preced_def preced_def Set)
-            also have "... \<le> Max (the_preced (t@s) ` threads (t@s))"
-              using Set h h_t.finite_threads by auto 
-            also have "... = ?f th" by (metis Cons.hyps(5) h_e.th_kept the_preced_def) 
-            finally show ?thesis .
           qed
         qed
+        ultimately show ?thesis by metis
       qed
-      also have "... = ?t" using h_e.th_kept the_preced_def by auto
-      finally show ?thesis .
-    qed 
+      ultimately show ?thesis by simp
+    qed
+    also have "... = ?R"
+      by (fold vat_s'.cp_gen_rec[OF eq_x], simp)
+    finally show ?thesis .
   qed
 qed
 
-lemma max_preced: "preced th (t@s) = Max (the_preced (t@s) ` (threads (t@s)))"
-  by (insert th_kept max_kept, auto)
-
-text {*
-  The reason behind the following lemma is that:
-  Since @{term "cp"} is defined as the maximum precedence 
-  of those threads contained in the sub-tree of node @{term "Th th"} 
-  in @{term "RAG (t@s)"}, and all these threads are living threads, and 
-  @{term "th"} is also among them, the maximum precedence of 
-  them all must be the one for @{text "th"}.
-*}
-lemma th_cp_max_preced: 
-  "cp (t@s) th = Max (the_preced (t@s) ` (threads (t@s)))" (is "?L = ?R") 
-proof -
-  let ?f = "the_preced (t@s)"
-  have "?L = ?f th"
-  proof(unfold cp_alt_def, rule image_Max_eqI)
-    show "finite {th'. Th th' \<in> subtree (RAG (t @ s)) (Th th)}"
-    proof -
-      have "{th'. Th th' \<in> subtree (RAG (t @ s)) (Th th)} = 
-            the_thread ` {n . n \<in> subtree (RAG (t @ s)) (Th th) \<and>
-                            (\<exists> th'. n = Th th')}"
-      by (smt Collect_cong Setcompr_eq_image mem_Collect_eq the_thread.simps)
-      moreover have "finite ..." by (simp add: vat_t.fsbtRAGs.finite_subtree) 
-      ultimately show ?thesis by simp
-    qed
-  next
-    show "th \<in> {th'. Th th' \<in> subtree (RAG (t @ s)) (Th th)}"
-      by (auto simp:subtree_def)
-  next
-    show "\<forall>x\<in>{th'. Th th' \<in> subtree (RAG (t @ s)) (Th th)}.
-               the_preced (t @ s) x \<le> the_preced (t @ s) th"
-    proof
-      fix th'
-      assume "th' \<in> {th'. Th th' \<in> subtree (RAG (t @ s)) (Th th)}"
-      hence "Th th' \<in> subtree (RAG (t @ s)) (Th th)" by auto
-      moreover have "... \<subseteq> Field (RAG (t @ s)) \<union> {Th th}"
-        by (meson subtree_Field)
-      ultimately have "Th th' \<in> ..." by auto
-      hence "th' \<in> threads (t@s)" 
-      proof
-        assume "Th th' \<in> {Th th}"
-        thus ?thesis using th_kept by auto 
-      next
-        assume "Th th' \<in> Field (RAG (t @ s))"
-        thus ?thesis using vat_t.not_in_thread_isolated by blast 
-      qed
-      thus "the_preced (t @ s) th' \<le> the_preced (t @ s) th"
-        by (metis Max_ge finite_imageI finite_threads image_eqI 
-               max_kept th_kept the_preced_def)
-    qed
-  qed
-  also have "... = ?R" by (simp add: max_preced the_preced_def) 
-  finally show ?thesis .
-qed
-
-lemma th_cp_max: "cp (t@s) th = Max (cp (t@s) ` threads (t@s))"
-  using max_cp_eq th_cp_max_preced the_preced_def vt_t by presburger
-
-lemma th_cp_preced: "cp (t@s) th = preced th s"
-  by (fold max_kept, unfold th_cp_max_preced, simp)
-
-lemma preced_less:
-  assumes th'_in: "th' \<in> threads s"
-  and neq_th': "th' \<noteq> th"
-  shows "preced th' s < preced th s"
-  using assms
-by (metis Max.coboundedI finite_imageI highest not_le order.trans 
-    preced_linorder rev_image_eqI threads_s vat_s.finite_threads 
-    vat_s.le_cp)
-
-text {*
-  Counting of the number of @{term "P"} and @{term "V"} operations 
-  is the cornerstone of a large number of the following proofs. 
-  The reason is that this counting is quite easy to calculate and 
-  convenient to use in the reasoning. 
-
-  The following lemma shows that the counting controls whether 
-  a thread is running or not.
-*}
-
-lemma pv_blocked_pre:
-  assumes th'_in: "th' \<in> threads (t@s)"
-  and neq_th': "th' \<noteq> th"
-  and eq_pv: "cntP (t@s) th' = cntV (t@s) th'"
-  shows "th' \<notin> runing (t@s)"
-proof
-  assume otherwise: "th' \<in> runing (t@s)"
-  show False
-  proof -
-    have "th' = th"
-    proof(rule preced_unique)
-      show "preced th' (t @ s) = preced th (t @ s)" (is "?L = ?R")
-      proof -
-        have "?L = cp (t@s) th'"
-          by (unfold cp_eq_cpreced cpreced_def count_eq_dependants[OF eq_pv], simp)
-        also have "... = cp (t @ s) th" using otherwise 
-          by (metis (mono_tags, lifting) mem_Collect_eq 
-                    runing_def th_cp_max vat_t.max_cp_readys_threads)
-        also have "... = ?R" by (metis th_cp_preced th_kept) 
-        finally show ?thesis .
-      qed
-    qed (auto simp: th'_in th_kept)
-    moreover have "th' \<noteq> th" using neq_th' .
-    ultimately show ?thesis by simp
- qed
-qed
-
-lemmas pv_blocked = pv_blocked_pre[folded detached_eq]
-
-lemma runing_precond_pre:
-  fixes th'
-  assumes th'_in: "th' \<in> threads s"
-  and eq_pv: "cntP s th' = cntV s th'"
-  and neq_th': "th' \<noteq> th"
-  shows "th' \<in> threads (t@s) \<and>
-         cntP (t@s) th' = cntV (t@s) th'"
-proof(induct rule:ind)
-  case (Cons e t)
-    interpret vat_t: extend_highest_gen s th prio tm t using Cons by simp
-    interpret vat_e: extend_highest_gen s th prio tm "(e # t)" using Cons by simp
-    show ?case
-    proof(cases e)
-      case (P thread cs)
-      show ?thesis
-      proof -
-        have "cntP ((e # t) @ s) th' = cntV ((e # t) @ s) th'"
-        proof -
-          have "thread \<noteq> th'"
-          proof -
-            have "step (t@s) (P thread cs)" using Cons P by auto
-            thus ?thesis
-            proof(cases)
-              assume "thread \<in> runing (t@s)"
-              moreover have "th' \<notin> runing (t@s)" using Cons(5)
-                by (metis neq_th' vat_t.pv_blocked_pre) 
-              ultimately show ?thesis by auto
-            qed
-          qed with Cons show ?thesis
-            by (unfold P, simp add:cntP_def cntV_def count_def)
-        qed
-        moreover have "th' \<in> threads ((e # t) @ s)" using Cons by (unfold P, simp)
-        ultimately show ?thesis by auto
-      qed
-    next
-      case (V thread cs)
-      show ?thesis
-      proof -
-        have "cntP ((e # t) @ s) th' = cntV ((e # t) @ s) th'"
-        proof -
-          have "thread \<noteq> th'"
-          proof -
-            have "step (t@s) (V thread cs)" using Cons V by auto
-            thus ?thesis
-            proof(cases)
-              assume "thread \<in> runing (t@s)"
-              moreover have "th' \<notin> runing (t@s)" using Cons(5)
-                by (metis neq_th' vat_t.pv_blocked_pre) 
-              ultimately show ?thesis by auto
-            qed
-          qed with Cons show ?thesis
-            by (unfold V, simp add:cntP_def cntV_def count_def)
-        qed
-        moreover have "th' \<in> threads ((e # t) @ s)" using Cons by (unfold V, simp)
-        ultimately show ?thesis by auto
-      qed
-    next
-      case (Create thread prio')
-      show ?thesis
-      proof -
-        have "cntP ((e # t) @ s) th' = cntV ((e # t) @ s) th'"
-        proof -
-          have "thread \<noteq> th'"
-          proof -
-            have "step (t@s) (Create thread prio')" using Cons Create by auto
-            thus ?thesis using Cons(5) by (cases, auto)
-          qed with Cons show ?thesis
-            by (unfold Create, simp add:cntP_def cntV_def count_def)
-        qed
-        moreover have "th' \<in> threads ((e # t) @ s)" using Cons by (unfold Create, simp)
-        ultimately show ?thesis by auto
-      qed
-    next
-      case (Exit thread)
-      show ?thesis
-      proof -
-        have neq_thread: "thread \<noteq> th'"
-        proof -
-          have "step (t@s) (Exit thread)" using Cons Exit by auto
-          thus ?thesis apply (cases) using Cons(5)
-                by (metis neq_th' vat_t.pv_blocked_pre) 
-        qed 
-        hence "cntP ((e # t) @ s) th' = cntV ((e # t) @ s) th'" using Cons
-            by (unfold Exit, simp add:cntP_def cntV_def count_def)
-        moreover have "th' \<in> threads ((e # t) @ s)" using Cons neq_thread 
-          by (unfold Exit, simp) 
-        ultimately show ?thesis by auto
-      qed
-    next
-      case (Set thread prio')
-      with Cons
-      show ?thesis 
-        by (auto simp:cntP_def cntV_def count_def)
-    qed
-next
-  case Nil
-  with assms
-  show ?case by auto
-qed
-
-text {* Changing counting balance to detachedness *}
-lemmas runing_precond_pre_dtc = runing_precond_pre
-         [folded vat_t.detached_eq vat_s.detached_eq]
-
-lemma runing_precond:
-  fixes th'
-  assumes th'_in: "th' \<in> threads s"
-  and neq_th': "th' \<noteq> th"
-  and is_runing: "th' \<in> runing (t@s)"
-  shows "cntP s th' > cntV s th'"
-  using assms
-proof -
-  have "cntP s th' \<noteq> cntV s th'"
-    by (metis is_runing neq_th' pv_blocked_pre runing_precond_pre th'_in)
-  moreover have "cntV s th' \<le> cntP s th'" using vat_s.cnp_cnv_cncs by auto
-  ultimately show ?thesis by auto
-qed
-
-lemma moment_blocked_pre:
-  assumes neq_th': "th' \<noteq> th"
-  and th'_in: "th' \<in> threads ((moment i t)@s)"
-  and eq_pv: "cntP ((moment i t)@s) th' = cntV ((moment i t)@s) th'"
-  shows "cntP ((moment (i+j) t)@s) th' = cntV ((moment (i+j) t)@s) th' \<and>
-         th' \<in> threads ((moment (i+j) t)@s)"
+lemma cp_up:
+  assumes "(Th th') \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th)"
+  and "cp s th' = cp s' th'"
+  and "(Th th'') \<in> ancestors (tRAG s) (Th th')"
+  shows "cp s th'' = cp s' th''"
 proof -
-  interpret h_i: red_extend_highest_gen _ _ _ _ _ i
-      by (unfold_locales)
-  interpret h_j: red_extend_highest_gen _ _ _ _ _ "i+j"
-      by (unfold_locales)
-  interpret h:  extend_highest_gen "((moment i t)@s)" th prio tm "moment j (restm i t)"
-  proof(unfold_locales)
-    show "vt (moment i t @ s)" by (metis h_i.vt_t) 
-  next
-    show "th \<in> threads (moment i t @ s)" by (metis h_i.th_kept)
-  next
-    show "preced th (moment i t @ s) = 
-            Max (cp (moment i t @ s) ` threads (moment i t @ s))"
-              by (metis h_i.th_cp_max h_i.th_cp_preced h_i.th_kept)
-  next
-    show "preced th (moment i t @ s) = Prc prio tm" by (metis h_i.th_kept preced_th) 
-  next
-    show "vt (moment j (restm i t) @ moment i t @ s)"
-      using moment_plus_split by (metis add.commute append_assoc h_j.vt_t)
-  next
-    fix th' prio'
-    assume "Create th' prio' \<in> set (moment j (restm i t))"
-    thus "prio' \<le> prio" using assms
-       by (metis Un_iff add.commute h_j.create_low moment_plus_split set_append)
-  next
-    fix th' prio'
-    assume "Set th' prio' \<in> set (moment j (restm i t))"
-    thus "th' \<noteq> th \<and> prio' \<le> prio"
-    by (metis Un_iff add.commute h_j.set_diff_low moment_plus_split set_append)
-  next
-    fix th'
-    assume "Exit th' \<in> set (moment j (restm i t))"
-    thus "th' \<noteq> th"
-      by (metis Un_iff add.commute h_j.exit_diff moment_plus_split set_append)
-  qed
-  show ?thesis 
-    by (metis add.commute append_assoc eq_pv h.runing_precond_pre
-          moment_plus_split neq_th' th'_in)
-qed
-
-lemma moment_blocked_eqpv:
-  assumes neq_th': "th' \<noteq> th"
-  and th'_in: "th' \<in> threads ((moment i t)@s)"
-  and eq_pv: "cntP ((moment i t)@s) th' = cntV ((moment i t)@s) th'"
-  and le_ij: "i \<le> j"
-  shows "cntP ((moment j t)@s) th' = cntV ((moment j t)@s) th' \<and>
-         th' \<in> threads ((moment j t)@s) \<and>
-         th' \<notin> runing ((moment j t)@s)"
-proof -
-  from moment_blocked_pre [OF neq_th' th'_in eq_pv, of "j-i"] and le_ij
-  have h1: "cntP ((moment j t)@s) th' = cntV ((moment j t)@s) th'"
-   and h2: "th' \<in> threads ((moment j t)@s)" by auto
-  moreover have "th' \<notin> runing ((moment j t)@s)"
-  proof -
-    interpret h: red_extend_highest_gen _ _ _ _ _ j by (unfold_locales)
-    show ?thesis
-      using h.pv_blocked_pre h1 h2 neq_th' by auto 
+  have "cp_gen s (Th th'') = cp_gen s' (Th th'')"
+  proof(rule cp_gen_update_stop[OF assms(1) _ assms(3)])
+    from assms(2) cp_gen_def_cond[OF refl[of "Th th'"]]
+    show "cp_gen s (Th th') = cp_gen s' (Th th')" by metis
   qed
-  ultimately show ?thesis by auto
-qed
-
-(* The foregoing two lemmas are preparation for this one, but
-   in long run can be combined. Maybe I am wrong.
-*)
-lemma moment_blocked:
-  assumes neq_th': "th' \<noteq> th"
-  and th'_in: "th' \<in> threads ((moment i t)@s)"
-  and dtc: "detached (moment i t @ s) th'"
-  and le_ij: "i \<le> j"
-  shows "detached (moment j t @ s) th' \<and>
-         th' \<in> threads ((moment j t)@s) \<and>
-         th' \<notin> runing ((moment j t)@s)"
-proof -
-  interpret h_i: red_extend_highest_gen _ _ _ _ _ i by (unfold_locales)
-  interpret h_j: red_extend_highest_gen _ _ _ _ _ j by (unfold_locales) 
-  have cnt_i: "cntP (moment i t @ s) th' = cntV (moment i t @ s) th'"
-                by (metis dtc h_i.detached_elim)
-  from moment_blocked_eqpv[OF neq_th' th'_in cnt_i le_ij]
-  show ?thesis by (metis h_j.detached_intro) 
-qed
-
-lemma runing_preced_inversion:
-  assumes runing': "th' \<in> runing (t@s)"
-  shows "cp (t@s) th' = preced th s" (is "?L = ?R")
-proof -
-  have "?L = Max (cp (t @ s) ` readys (t @ s))" using assms
-      by (unfold runing_def, auto)
-  also have "\<dots> = ?R"
-      by (metis th_cp_max th_cp_preced vat_t.max_cp_readys_threads) 
-  finally show ?thesis .
-qed
-
-text {*
-  The situation when @{term "th"} is blocked is analyzed by the following lemmas.
-*}
-
-text {*
-  The following lemmas shows the running thread @{text "th'"}, if it is different from
-  @{term th}, must be live at the very beginning. By the term {\em the very beginning},
-  we mean the moment where the formal investigation starts, i.e. the moment (or state)
-  @{term s}. 
-*}
-
-lemma runing_inversion_0:
-  assumes neq_th': "th' \<noteq> th"
-  and runing': "th' \<in> runing (t@s)"
-  shows "th' \<in> threads s"
-proof -
-    -- {* The proof is by contradiction: *}
-    { assume otherwise: "\<not> ?thesis"
-      have "th' \<notin> runing (t @ s)"
-      proof -
-        -- {* Since @{term "th'"} is running at time @{term "t@s"}, so it exists that time. *}
-        have th'_in: "th' \<in> threads (t@s)" using runing' by (simp add:runing_def readys_def)
-        -- {* However, @{text "th'"} does not exist at very beginning. *}
-        have th'_notin: "th' \<notin> threads (moment 0 t @ s)" using otherwise
-          by (metis append.simps(1) moment_zero)
-        -- {* Therefore, there must be a moment during @{text "t"}, when 
-              @{text "th'"} came into being. *}
-        -- {* Let us suppose the moment being @{text "i"}: *}
-        from p_split_gen[OF th'_in th'_notin]
-        obtain i where lt_its: "i < length t"
-                 and le_i: "0 \<le> i"
-                 and pre: " th' \<notin> threads (moment i t @ s)" (is "th' \<notin> threads ?pre")
-                 and post: "(\<forall>i'>i. th' \<in> threads (moment i' t @ s))" by (auto)
-        interpret h_i: red_extend_highest_gen _ _ _ _ _ i by (unfold_locales)
-        interpret h_i': red_extend_highest_gen _ _ _ _ _ "(Suc i)" by (unfold_locales)
-        from lt_its have "Suc i \<le> length t" by auto
-        -- {* Let us also suppose the event which makes this change is @{text e}: *}
-        from moment_head[OF this] obtain e where 
-          eq_me: "moment (Suc i) t = e # moment i t" by blast
-        hence "vt (e # (moment i t @ s))" by (metis append_Cons h_i'.vt_t) 
-        hence "PIP (moment i t @ s) e" by (cases, simp)
-        -- {* It can be derived that this event @{text "e"}, which 
-              gives birth to @{term "th'"} must be a @{term "Create"}: *}
-        from create_pre[OF this, of th']
-        obtain prio where eq_e: "e = Create th' prio"
-            by (metis append_Cons eq_me lessI post pre) 
-        have h1: "th' \<in> threads (moment (Suc i) t @ s)" using post by auto 
-        have h2: "cntP (moment (Suc i) t @ s) th' = cntV (moment (Suc i) t@ s) th'"
-        proof -
-          have "cntP (moment i t@s) th' = cntV (moment i t@s) th'"
-            by (metis h_i.cnp_cnv_eq pre)
-          thus ?thesis by (simp add:eq_me eq_e cntP_def cntV_def count_def)
-        qed
-        show ?thesis 
-          using moment_blocked_eqpv [OF neq_th' h1 h2, of "length t"] lt_its moment_ge
-            by auto
-      qed
-      with `th' \<in> runing (t@s)`
-      have False by simp
-    } thus ?thesis by auto
-qed
-
-text {* 
-  The second lemma says, if the running thread @{text th'} is different from 
-  @{term th}, then this @{text th'} must in the possession of some resources
-  at the very beginning. 
-
-  To ease the reasoning of resource possession of one particular thread, 
-  we used two auxiliary functions @{term cntV} and @{term cntP}, 
-  which are the counters of @{term P}-operations and 
-  @{term V}-operations respectively. 
-  If the number of @{term V}-operation is less than the number of 
-  @{term "P"}-operations, the thread must have some unreleased resource. 
-*}
-
-lemma runing_inversion_1: (* ddd *)
-  assumes neq_th': "th' \<noteq> th"
-  and runing': "th' \<in> runing (t@s)"
-  -- {* thread @{term "th'"} is a live on in state @{term "s"} and 
-        it has some unreleased resource. *}
-  shows "th' \<in> threads s \<and> cntV s th' < cntP s th'"
-proof -
-  -- {* The proof is a simple composition of @{thm runing_inversion_0} and 
-        @{thm runing_precond}: *}
-  -- {* By applying @{thm runing_inversion_0} to assumptions,
-        it can be shown that @{term th'} is live in state @{term s}: *}
-  have "th' \<in> threads s"  using runing_inversion_0[OF assms(1,2)] .
-  -- {* Then the thesis is derived easily by applying @{thm runing_precond}: *}
-  with runing_precond [OF this neq_th' runing'] show ?thesis by simp
-qed
-
-text {* 
-  The following lemma is just a rephrasing of @{thm runing_inversion_1}:
-*}
-lemma runing_inversion_2:
-  assumes runing': "th' \<in> runing (t@s)"
-  shows "th' = th \<or> (th' \<noteq> th \<and> th' \<in> threads s \<and> cntV s th' < cntP s th')"
-proof -
-  from runing_inversion_1[OF _ runing']
-  show ?thesis by auto
-qed
-
-lemma runing_inversion_3:
-  assumes runing': "th' \<in> runing (t@s)"
-  and neq_th: "th' \<noteq> th"
-  shows "th' \<in> threads s \<and> (cntV s th' < cntP s th' \<and> cp (t@s) th' = preced th s)"
-  by (metis neq_th runing' runing_inversion_2 runing_preced_inversion)
-
-lemma runing_inversion_4:
-  assumes runing': "th' \<in> runing (t@s)"
-  and neq_th: "th' \<noteq> th"
-  shows "th' \<in> threads s"
-  and    "\<not>detached s th'"
-  and    "cp (t@s) th' = preced th s"
-  apply (metis neq_th runing' runing_inversion_2)
-  apply (metis neq_th pv_blocked runing' runing_inversion_2 runing_precond_pre_dtc)
-  by (metis neq_th runing' runing_inversion_3)
-
-
-text {* 
-  Suppose @{term th} is not running, it is first shown that
-  there is a path in RAG leading from node @{term th} to another thread @{text "th'"} 
-  in the @{term readys}-set (So @{text "th'"} is an ancestor of @{term th}}).
-
-  Now, since @{term readys}-set is non-empty, there must be
-  one in it which holds the highest @{term cp}-value, which, by definition, 
-  is the @{term runing}-thread. However, we are going to show more: this running thread
-  is exactly @{term "th'"}.
-     *}
-lemma th_blockedE: (* ddd *)
-  assumes "th \<notin> runing (t@s)"
-  obtains th' where "Th th' \<in> ancestors (RAG (t @ s)) (Th th)"
-                    "th' \<in> runing (t@s)"
-proof -
-  -- {* According to @{thm vat_t.th_chain_to_ready}, either 
-        @{term "th"} is in @{term "readys"} or there is path leading from it to 
-        one thread in @{term "readys"}. *}
-  have "th \<in> readys (t @ s) \<or> (\<exists>th'. th' \<in> readys (t @ s) \<and> (Th th, Th th') \<in> (RAG (t @ s))\<^sup>+)" 
-    using th_kept vat_t.th_chain_to_ready by auto
-  -- {* However, @{term th} can not be in @{term readys}, because otherwise, since 
-       @{term th} holds the highest @{term cp}-value, it must be @{term "runing"}. *}
-  moreover have "th \<notin> readys (t@s)" 
-    using assms runing_def th_cp_max vat_t.max_cp_readys_threads by auto 
-  -- {* So, there must be a path from @{term th} to another thread @{text "th'"} in 
-        term @{term readys}: *}
-  ultimately obtain th' where th'_in: "th' \<in> readys (t@s)"
-                          and dp: "(Th th, Th th') \<in> (RAG (t @ s))\<^sup>+" by auto
-  -- {* We are going to show that this @{term th'} is running. *}
-  have "th' \<in> runing (t@s)"
-  proof -
-    -- {* We only need to show that this @{term th'} holds the highest @{term cp}-value: *}
-    have "cp (t@s) th' = Max (cp (t@s) ` readys (t@s))" (is "?L = ?R")
-    proof -
-      have "?L =  Max ((the_preced (t @ s) \<circ> the_thread) ` subtree (tRAG (t @ s)) (Th th'))"
-        by (unfold cp_alt_def1, simp)
-      also have "... = (the_preced (t @ s) \<circ> the_thread) (Th th)"
-      proof(rule image_Max_subset)
-        show "finite (Th ` (threads (t@s)))" by (simp add: vat_t.finite_threads)
-      next
-        show "subtree (tRAG (t @ s)) (Th th') \<subseteq> Th ` threads (t @ s)"
-          by (metis Range.intros dp trancl_range vat_t.range_in vat_t.subtree_tRAG_thread) 
-      next
-        show "Th th \<in> subtree (tRAG (t @ s)) (Th th')" using dp
-                    by (unfold tRAG_subtree_eq, auto simp:subtree_def)
-      next
-        show "Max ((the_preced (t @ s) \<circ> the_thread) ` Th ` threads (t @ s)) =
-                      (the_preced (t @ s) \<circ> the_thread) (Th th)" (is "Max ?L = _")
-        proof -
-          have "?L = the_preced (t @ s) `  threads (t @ s)" 
-                     by (unfold image_comp, rule image_cong, auto)
-          thus ?thesis using max_preced the_preced_def by auto
-        qed
-      qed
-      also have "... = ?R"
-        using th_cp_max th_cp_preced th_kept 
-              the_preced_def vat_t.max_cp_readys_threads by auto
-      finally show ?thesis .
-    qed 
-    -- {* Now, since @{term th'} holds the highest @{term cp} 
-          and we have already show it is in @{term readys},
-          it is @{term runing} by definition. *}
-    with `th' \<in> readys (t@s)` show ?thesis by (simp add: runing_def) 
-  qed
-  -- {* It is easy to show @{term th'} is an ancestor of @{term th}: *}
-  moreover have "Th th' \<in> ancestors (RAG (t @ s)) (Th th)" 
-    using `(Th th, Th th') \<in> (RAG (t @ s))\<^sup>+` by (auto simp:ancestors_def)
-  ultimately show ?thesis using that by metis
-qed
-
-text {*
-  Now it is easy to see there is always a thread to run by case analysis
-  on whether thread @{term th} is running: if the answer is Yes, the 
-  the running thread is obviously @{term th} itself; otherwise, the running
-  thread is the @{text th'} given by lemma @{thm th_blockedE}.
-*}
-lemma live: "runing (t@s) \<noteq> {}"
-proof(cases "th \<in> runing (t@s)") 
-  case True thus ?thesis by auto
-next
-  case False
-  thus ?thesis using th_blockedE by auto
+  with cp_gen_def_cond[OF refl[of "Th th''"]]
+  show ?thesis by metis
 qed
 
 end
+
+section {* The @{term Create} operation *}
+
+locale step_create_cps =
+  fixes s' th prio s 
+  defines s_def : "s \<equiv> (Create th prio#s')"
+  assumes vt_s: "vt s"
+
+sublocale step_create_cps < vat_s: valid_trace "s"
+  by (unfold_locales, insert vt_s, simp)
+
+sublocale step_create_cps < vat_s': valid_trace "s'"
+  by (unfold_locales, insert step_back_vt[OF vt_s[unfolded s_def]], simp)
+
+context step_create_cps
+begin
+
+lemma RAG_kept: "RAG s = RAG s'"
+  by (unfold s_def RAG_create_unchanged, auto)
+
+lemma tRAG_kept: "tRAG s = tRAG s'"
+  by (unfold tRAG_alt_def RAG_kept, auto)
+
+lemma preced_kept:
+  assumes "th' \<noteq> th"
+  shows "the_preced s th' = the_preced s' th'"
+  by (unfold s_def the_preced_def preced_def, insert assms, auto)
+
+lemma th_not_in: "Th th \<notin> Field (tRAG s')"
+proof -
+  from vt_s[unfolded s_def]
+  have "PIP s' (Create th prio)" by (cases, simp)
+  hence "th \<notin> threads s'" by(cases, simp)
+  from vat_s'.not_in_thread_isolated[OF this]
+  have "Th th \<notin> Field (RAG s')" .
+  with tRAG_Field show ?thesis by auto
+qed
+
+lemma eq_cp:
+  assumes neq_th: "th' \<noteq> th"
+  shows "cp s th' = cp s' th'"
+proof -
+  have "(the_preced s \<circ> the_thread) ` subtree (tRAG s) (Th th') =
+        (the_preced s' \<circ> the_thread) ` subtree (tRAG s') (Th th')"
+  proof(unfold tRAG_kept, rule f_image_eq)
+    fix a
+    assume a_in: "a \<in> subtree (tRAG s') (Th th')"
+    then obtain th_a where eq_a: "a = Th th_a" 
+    proof(cases rule:subtreeE)
+      case 2
+      from ancestors_Field[OF 2(2)]
+      and that show ?thesis by (unfold tRAG_alt_def, auto)
+    qed auto
+    have neq_th_a: "th_a \<noteq> th"
+    proof -
+      have "(Th th) \<notin> subtree (tRAG s') (Th th')"
+      proof
+        assume "Th th \<in> subtree (tRAG s') (Th th')"
+        thus False
+        proof(cases rule:subtreeE)
+          case 2
+          from ancestors_Field[OF this(2)]
+          and th_not_in[unfolded Field_def]
+          show ?thesis by auto
+        qed (insert assms, auto)
+      qed
+      with a_in[unfolded eq_a] show ?thesis by auto
+    qed
+    from preced_kept[OF this]
+    show "(the_preced s \<circ> the_thread) a = (the_preced s' \<circ> the_thread) a"
+      by (unfold eq_a, simp)
+  qed
+  thus ?thesis by (unfold cp_alt_def1, simp)
+qed
+
+lemma children_of_th: "RTree.children (tRAG s) (Th th) = {}"
+proof -
+  { fix a
+    assume "a \<in> RTree.children (tRAG s) (Th th)"
+    hence "(a, Th th) \<in> tRAG s" by (auto simp:RTree.children_def)
+    with th_not_in have False 
+     by (unfold Field_def tRAG_kept, auto)
+  } thus ?thesis by auto
+qed
+
+lemma eq_cp_th: "cp s th = preced th s"
+ by (unfold vat_s.cp_rec children_of_th, simp add:the_preced_def)
+
 end
 
+locale step_exit_cps =
+  fixes s' th prio s 
+  defines s_def : "s \<equiv> Exit th # s'"
+  assumes vt_s: "vt s"
 
+sublocale step_exit_cps < vat_s: valid_trace "s"
+  by (unfold_locales, insert vt_s, simp)
 
+sublocale step_exit_cps < vat_s': valid_trace "s'"
+  by (unfold_locales, insert step_back_vt[OF vt_s[unfolded s_def]], simp)
+
+context step_exit_cps
+begin
+
+lemma preced_kept:
+  assumes "th' \<noteq> th"
+  shows "the_preced s th' = the_preced s' th'"
+  by (unfold s_def the_preced_def preced_def, insert assms, auto)
+
+lemma RAG_kept: "RAG s = RAG s'"
+  by (unfold s_def RAG_exit_unchanged, auto)
+
+lemma tRAG_kept: "tRAG s = tRAG s'"
+  by (unfold tRAG_alt_def RAG_kept, auto)
+
+lemma th_ready: "th \<in> readys s'"
+proof -
+  from vt_s[unfolded s_def]
+  have "PIP s' (Exit th)" by (cases, simp)
+  hence h: "th \<in> runing s' \<and> holdents s' th = {}" by (cases, metis)
+  thus ?thesis by (unfold runing_def, auto)
+qed
+
+lemma th_holdents: "holdents s' th = {}"
+proof -
+ from vt_s[unfolded s_def]
+  have "PIP s' (Exit th)" by (cases, simp)
+  thus ?thesis by (cases, metis)
+qed
+
+lemma th_RAG: "Th th \<notin> Field (RAG s')"
+proof -
+  have "Th th \<notin> Range (RAG s')"
+  proof
+    assume "Th th \<in> Range (RAG s')"
+    then obtain cs where "holding (wq s') th cs"
+      by (unfold Range_iff s_RAG_def, auto)
+    with th_holdents[unfolded holdents_def]
+    show False by (unfold eq_holding, auto)
+  qed
+  moreover have "Th th \<notin> Domain (RAG s')"
+  proof
+    assume "Th th \<in> Domain (RAG s')"
+    then obtain cs where "waiting (wq s') th cs"
+      by (unfold Domain_iff s_RAG_def, auto)
+    with th_ready show False by (unfold readys_def eq_waiting, auto)
+  qed
+  ultimately show ?thesis by (auto simp:Field_def)
+qed
+
+lemma th_tRAG: "(Th th) \<notin> Field (tRAG s')"
+  using th_RAG tRAG_Field[of s'] by auto
+
+lemma eq_cp:
+  assumes neq_th: "th' \<noteq> th"
+  shows "cp s th' = cp s' th'"
+proof -
+  have "(the_preced s \<circ> the_thread) ` subtree (tRAG s) (Th th') =
+        (the_preced s' \<circ> the_thread) ` subtree (tRAG s') (Th th')"
+  proof(unfold tRAG_kept, rule f_image_eq)
+    fix a
+    assume a_in: "a \<in> subtree (tRAG s') (Th th')"
+    then obtain th_a where eq_a: "a = Th th_a" 
+    proof(cases rule:subtreeE)
+      case 2
+      from ancestors_Field[OF 2(2)]
+      and that show ?thesis by (unfold tRAG_alt_def, auto)
+    qed auto
+    have neq_th_a: "th_a \<noteq> th"
+    proof -
+      from vat_s'.readys_in_no_subtree[OF th_ready assms]
+      have "(Th th) \<notin> subtree (RAG s') (Th th')" .
+      with tRAG_subtree_RAG[of s' "Th th'"]
+      have "(Th th) \<notin> subtree (tRAG s') (Th th')" by auto
+      with a_in[unfolded eq_a] show ?thesis by auto
+    qed
+    from preced_kept[OF this]
+    show "(the_preced s \<circ> the_thread) a = (the_preced s' \<circ> the_thread) a"
+      by (unfold eq_a, simp)
+  qed
+  thus ?thesis by (unfold cp_alt_def1, simp)
+qed
+
+end
+
+end
+