Correctness.thy~
changeset 78 df0334468335
parent 77 d37703e0c5c4
parent 76 b6ea51cd2e88
child 79 8067efcb43da
equal deleted inserted replaced
77:d37703e0c5c4 78:df0334468335
     1 theory Correctness
       
     2 imports PIPBasics
       
     3 begin
       
     4 
       
     5 
       
     6 text {* 
       
     7   The following two auxiliary lemmas are used to reason about @{term Max}.
       
     8 *}
       
     9 lemma image_Max_eqI: 
       
    10   assumes "finite B"
       
    11   and "b \<in> B"
       
    12   and "\<forall> x \<in> B. f x \<le> f b"
       
    13   shows "Max (f ` B) = f b"
       
    14   using assms
       
    15   using Max_eqI by blast 
       
    16 
       
    17 lemma image_Max_subset:
       
    18   assumes "finite A"
       
    19   and "B \<subseteq> A"
       
    20   and "a \<in> B"
       
    21   and "Max (f ` A) = f a"
       
    22   shows "Max (f ` B) = f a"
       
    23 proof(rule image_Max_eqI)
       
    24   show "finite B"
       
    25     using assms(1) assms(2) finite_subset by auto 
       
    26 next
       
    27   show "a \<in> B" using assms by simp
       
    28 next
       
    29   show "\<forall>x\<in>B. f x \<le> f a"
       
    30     by (metis Max_ge assms(1) assms(2) assms(4) 
       
    31             finite_imageI image_eqI subsetCE) 
       
    32 qed
       
    33 
       
    34 text {*
       
    35   The following locale @{text "highest_gen"} sets the basic context for our
       
    36   investigation: supposing thread @{text th} holds the highest @{term cp}-value
       
    37   in state @{text s}, which means the task for @{text th} is the 
       
    38   most urgent. We want to show that  
       
    39   @{text th} is treated correctly by PIP, which means
       
    40   @{text th} will not be blocked unreasonably by other less urgent
       
    41   threads. 
       
    42 *}
       
    43 locale highest_gen =
       
    44   fixes s th prio tm
       
    45   assumes vt_s: "vt s"
       
    46   and threads_s: "th \<in> threads s"
       
    47   and highest: "preced th s = Max ((cp s)`threads s)"
       
    48   -- {* The internal structure of @{term th}'s precedence is exposed:*}
       
    49   and preced_th: "preced th s = Prc prio tm" 
       
    50 
       
    51 -- {* @{term s} is a valid trace, so it will inherit all results derived for
       
    52       a valid trace: *}
       
    53 sublocale highest_gen < vat_s: valid_trace "s"
       
    54   by (unfold_locales, insert vt_s, simp)
       
    55 
       
    56 context highest_gen
       
    57 begin
       
    58 
       
    59 text {*
       
    60   @{term tm} is the time when the precedence of @{term th} is set, so 
       
    61   @{term tm} must be a valid moment index into @{term s}.
       
    62 *}
       
    63 lemma lt_tm: "tm < length s"
       
    64   by (insert preced_tm_lt[OF threads_s preced_th], simp)
       
    65 
       
    66 text {*
       
    67   Since @{term th} holds the highest precedence and @{text "cp"}
       
    68   is the highest precedence of all threads in the sub-tree of 
       
    69   @{text "th"} and @{text th} is among these threads, 
       
    70   its @{term cp} must equal to its precedence:
       
    71 *}
       
    72 lemma eq_cp_s_th: "cp s th = preced th s" (is "?L = ?R")
       
    73 proof -
       
    74   have "?L \<le> ?R"
       
    75   by (unfold highest, rule Max_ge, 
       
    76         auto simp:threads_s finite_threads)
       
    77   moreover have "?R \<le> ?L"
       
    78     by (unfold vat_s.cp_rec, rule Max_ge, 
       
    79         auto simp:the_preced_def vat_s.fsbttRAGs.finite_children)
       
    80   ultimately show ?thesis by auto
       
    81 qed
       
    82 
       
    83 lemma highest_cp_preced: "cp s th = Max (the_preced s ` threads s)"
       
    84   using eq_cp_s_th highest max_cp_eq the_preced_def by presburger
       
    85   
       
    86 
       
    87 lemma highest_preced_thread: "preced th s = Max (the_preced s ` threads s)"
       
    88   by (fold eq_cp_s_th, unfold highest_cp_preced, simp)
       
    89 
       
    90 lemma highest': "cp s th = Max (cp s ` threads s)"
       
    91   by (simp add: eq_cp_s_th highest)
       
    92 
       
    93 end
       
    94 
       
    95 locale extend_highest_gen = highest_gen + 
       
    96   fixes t 
       
    97   assumes vt_t: "vt (t@s)"
       
    98   and create_low: "Create th' prio' \<in> set t \<Longrightarrow> prio' \<le> prio"
       
    99   and set_diff_low: "Set th' prio' \<in> set t \<Longrightarrow> th' \<noteq> th \<and> prio' \<le> prio"
       
   100   and exit_diff: "Exit th' \<in> set t \<Longrightarrow> th' \<noteq> th"
       
   101 
       
   102 sublocale extend_highest_gen < vat_t: valid_trace "t@s"
       
   103   by (unfold_locales, insert vt_t, simp)
       
   104 
       
   105 lemma step_back_vt_app: 
       
   106   assumes vt_ts: "vt (t@s)" 
       
   107   shows "vt s"
       
   108 proof -
       
   109   from vt_ts show ?thesis
       
   110   proof(induct t)
       
   111     case Nil
       
   112     from Nil show ?case by auto
       
   113   next
       
   114     case (Cons e t)
       
   115     assume ih: " vt (t @ s) \<Longrightarrow> vt s"
       
   116       and vt_et: "vt ((e # t) @ s)"
       
   117     show ?case
       
   118     proof(rule ih)
       
   119       show "vt (t @ s)"
       
   120       proof(rule step_back_vt)
       
   121         from vt_et show "vt (e # t @ s)" by simp
       
   122       qed
       
   123     qed
       
   124   qed
       
   125 qed
       
   126 
       
   127 locale red_extend_highest_gen = extend_highest_gen +
       
   128    fixes i::nat
       
   129 
       
   130 sublocale red_extend_highest_gen <   red_moment: extend_highest_gen "s" "th" "prio" "tm" "(moment i t)"
       
   131   apply (insert extend_highest_gen_axioms, subst (asm) (1) moment_restm_s [of i t, symmetric])
       
   132   apply (unfold extend_highest_gen_def extend_highest_gen_axioms_def, clarsimp)
       
   133   by (unfold highest_gen_def, auto dest:step_back_vt_app)
       
   134 
       
   135 context extend_highest_gen
       
   136 begin
       
   137 
       
   138  lemma ind [consumes 0, case_names Nil Cons, induct type]:
       
   139   assumes 
       
   140     h0: "R []"
       
   141   and h2: "\<And> e t. \<lbrakk>vt (t@s); step (t@s) e; 
       
   142                     extend_highest_gen s th prio tm t; 
       
   143                     extend_highest_gen s th prio tm (e#t); R t\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> R (e#t)"
       
   144   shows "R t"
       
   145 proof -
       
   146   from vt_t extend_highest_gen_axioms show ?thesis
       
   147   proof(induct t)
       
   148     from h0 show "R []" .
       
   149   next
       
   150     case (Cons e t')
       
   151     assume ih: "\<lbrakk>vt (t' @ s); extend_highest_gen s th prio tm t'\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> R t'"
       
   152       and vt_e: "vt ((e # t') @ s)"
       
   153       and et: "extend_highest_gen s th prio tm (e # t')"
       
   154     from vt_e and step_back_step have stp: "step (t'@s) e" by auto
       
   155     from vt_e and step_back_vt have vt_ts: "vt (t'@s)" by auto
       
   156     show ?case
       
   157     proof(rule h2 [OF vt_ts stp _ _ _ ])
       
   158       show "R t'"
       
   159       proof(rule ih)
       
   160         from et show ext': "extend_highest_gen s th prio tm t'"
       
   161           by (unfold extend_highest_gen_def extend_highest_gen_axioms_def, auto dest:step_back_vt)
       
   162       next
       
   163         from vt_ts show "vt (t' @ s)" .
       
   164       qed
       
   165     next
       
   166       from et show "extend_highest_gen s th prio tm (e # t')" .
       
   167     next
       
   168       from et show ext': "extend_highest_gen s th prio tm t'"
       
   169           by (unfold extend_highest_gen_def extend_highest_gen_axioms_def, auto dest:step_back_vt)
       
   170     qed
       
   171   qed
       
   172 qed
       
   173 
       
   174 
       
   175 lemma th_kept: "th \<in> threads (t @ s) \<and> 
       
   176                  preced th (t@s) = preced th s" (is "?Q t") 
       
   177 proof -
       
   178   show ?thesis
       
   179   proof(induct rule:ind)
       
   180     case Nil
       
   181     from threads_s
       
   182     show ?case
       
   183       by auto
       
   184   next
       
   185     case (Cons e t)
       
   186     interpret h_e: extend_highest_gen _ _ _ _ "(e # t)" using Cons by auto
       
   187     interpret h_t: extend_highest_gen _ _ _ _ t using Cons by auto
       
   188     show ?case
       
   189     proof(cases e)
       
   190       case (Create thread prio)
       
   191       show ?thesis
       
   192       proof -
       
   193         from Cons and Create have "step (t@s) (Create thread prio)" by auto
       
   194         hence "th \<noteq> thread"
       
   195         proof(cases)
       
   196           case thread_create
       
   197           with Cons show ?thesis by auto
       
   198         qed
       
   199         hence "preced th ((e # t) @ s)  = preced th (t @ s)"
       
   200           by (unfold Create, auto simp:preced_def)
       
   201         moreover note Cons
       
   202         ultimately show ?thesis
       
   203           by (auto simp:Create)
       
   204       qed
       
   205     next
       
   206       case (Exit thread)
       
   207       from h_e.exit_diff and Exit
       
   208       have neq_th: "thread \<noteq> th" by auto
       
   209       with Cons
       
   210       show ?thesis
       
   211         by (unfold Exit, auto simp:preced_def)
       
   212     next
       
   213       case (P thread cs)
       
   214       with Cons
       
   215       show ?thesis 
       
   216         by (auto simp:P preced_def)
       
   217     next
       
   218       case (V thread cs)
       
   219       with Cons
       
   220       show ?thesis 
       
   221         by (auto simp:V preced_def)
       
   222     next
       
   223       case (Set thread prio')
       
   224       show ?thesis
       
   225       proof -
       
   226         from h_e.set_diff_low and Set
       
   227         have "th \<noteq> thread" by auto
       
   228         hence "preced th ((e # t) @ s)  = preced th (t @ s)"
       
   229           by (unfold Set, auto simp:preced_def)
       
   230         moreover note Cons
       
   231         ultimately show ?thesis
       
   232           by (auto simp:Set)
       
   233       qed
       
   234     qed
       
   235   qed
       
   236 qed
       
   237 
       
   238 text {*
       
   239   According to @{thm th_kept}, thread @{text "th"} has its living status
       
   240   and precedence kept along the way of @{text "t"}. The following lemma
       
   241   shows that this preserved precedence of @{text "th"} remains as the highest
       
   242   along the way of @{text "t"}.
       
   243 
       
   244   The proof goes by induction over @{text "t"} using the specialized
       
   245   induction rule @{thm ind}, followed by case analysis of each possible 
       
   246   operations of PIP. All cases follow the same pattern rendered by the 
       
   247   generalized introduction rule @{thm "image_Max_eqI"}. 
       
   248 
       
   249   The very essence is to show that precedences, no matter whether they 
       
   250   are newly introduced or modified, are always lower than the one held 
       
   251   by @{term "th"}, which by @{thm th_kept} is preserved along the way.
       
   252 *}
       
   253 lemma max_kept: "Max (the_preced (t @ s) ` (threads (t@s))) = preced th s"
       
   254 proof(induct rule:ind)
       
   255   case Nil
       
   256   from highest_preced_thread
       
   257   show ?case by simp
       
   258 next
       
   259   case (Cons e t)
       
   260     interpret h_e: extend_highest_gen _ _ _ _ "(e # t)" using Cons by auto
       
   261     interpret h_t: extend_highest_gen _ _ _ _ t using Cons by auto
       
   262   show ?case
       
   263   proof(cases e)
       
   264     case (Create thread prio')
       
   265     show ?thesis (is "Max (?f ` ?A) = ?t")
       
   266     proof -
       
   267       -- {* The following is the common pattern of each branch of the case analysis. *}
       
   268       -- {* The major part is to show that @{text "th"} holds the highest precedence: *}
       
   269       have "Max (?f ` ?A) = ?f th"
       
   270       proof(rule image_Max_eqI)
       
   271         show "finite ?A" using h_e.finite_threads by auto 
       
   272       next
       
   273         show "th \<in> ?A" using h_e.th_kept by auto 
       
   274       next
       
   275         show "\<forall>x\<in>?A. ?f x \<le> ?f th"
       
   276         proof 
       
   277           fix x
       
   278           assume "x \<in> ?A"
       
   279           hence "x = thread \<or> x \<in> threads (t@s)" by (auto simp:Create)
       
   280           thus "?f x \<le> ?f th"
       
   281           proof
       
   282             assume "x = thread"
       
   283             thus ?thesis 
       
   284               apply (simp add:Create the_preced_def preced_def, fold preced_def)
       
   285               using Create h_e.create_low h_t.th_kept lt_tm preced_leI2 
       
   286               preced_th by force
       
   287           next
       
   288             assume h: "x \<in> threads (t @ s)"
       
   289             from Cons(2)[unfolded Create] 
       
   290             have "x \<noteq> thread" using h by (cases, auto)
       
   291             hence "?f x = the_preced (t@s) x" 
       
   292               by (simp add:Create the_preced_def preced_def)
       
   293             hence "?f x \<le> Max (the_preced (t@s) ` threads (t@s))"
       
   294               by (simp add: h_t.finite_threads h)
       
   295             also have "... = ?f th"
       
   296               by (metis Cons.hyps(5) h_e.th_kept the_preced_def) 
       
   297             finally show ?thesis .
       
   298           qed
       
   299         qed
       
   300       qed
       
   301      -- {* The minor part is to show that the precedence of @{text "th"} 
       
   302            equals to preserved one, given by the foregoing lemma @{thm th_kept} *}
       
   303       also have "... = ?t" using h_e.th_kept the_preced_def by auto
       
   304       -- {* Then it follows trivially that the precedence preserved
       
   305             for @{term "th"} remains the maximum of all living threads along the way. *}
       
   306       finally show ?thesis .
       
   307     qed 
       
   308   next 
       
   309     case (Exit thread)
       
   310     show ?thesis (is "Max (?f ` ?A) = ?t")
       
   311     proof -
       
   312       have "Max (?f ` ?A) = ?f th"
       
   313       proof(rule image_Max_eqI)
       
   314         show "finite ?A" using h_e.finite_threads by auto 
       
   315       next
       
   316         show "th \<in> ?A" using h_e.th_kept by auto 
       
   317       next
       
   318         show "\<forall>x\<in>?A. ?f x \<le> ?f th"
       
   319         proof 
       
   320           fix x
       
   321           assume "x \<in> ?A"
       
   322           hence "x \<in> threads (t@s)" by (simp add: Exit) 
       
   323           hence "?f x \<le> Max (?f ` threads (t@s))" 
       
   324             by (simp add: h_t.finite_threads) 
       
   325           also have "... \<le> ?f th" 
       
   326             apply (simp add:Exit the_preced_def preced_def, fold preced_def)
       
   327             using Cons.hyps(5) h_t.th_kept the_preced_def by auto
       
   328           finally show "?f x \<le> ?f th" .
       
   329         qed
       
   330       qed
       
   331       also have "... = ?t" using h_e.th_kept the_preced_def by auto
       
   332       finally show ?thesis .
       
   333     qed 
       
   334   next
       
   335     case (P thread cs)
       
   336     with Cons
       
   337     show ?thesis by (auto simp:preced_def the_preced_def)
       
   338   next
       
   339     case (V thread cs)
       
   340     with Cons
       
   341     show ?thesis by (auto simp:preced_def the_preced_def)
       
   342   next 
       
   343     case (Set thread prio')
       
   344     show ?thesis (is "Max (?f ` ?A) = ?t")
       
   345     proof -
       
   346       have "Max (?f ` ?A) = ?f th"
       
   347       proof(rule image_Max_eqI)
       
   348         show "finite ?A" using h_e.finite_threads by auto 
       
   349       next
       
   350         show "th \<in> ?A" using h_e.th_kept by auto 
       
   351       next
       
   352         show "\<forall>x\<in>?A. ?f x \<le> ?f th"
       
   353         proof 
       
   354           fix x
       
   355           assume h: "x \<in> ?A"
       
   356           show "?f x \<le> ?f th"
       
   357           proof(cases "x = thread")
       
   358             case True
       
   359             moreover have "the_preced (Set thread prio' # t @ s) thread \<le> the_preced (t @ s) th"
       
   360             proof -
       
   361               have "the_preced (t @ s) th = Prc prio tm"  
       
   362                 using h_t.th_kept preced_th by (simp add:the_preced_def)
       
   363               moreover have "prio' \<le> prio" using Set h_e.set_diff_low by auto
       
   364               ultimately show ?thesis by (insert lt_tm, auto simp:the_preced_def preced_def)
       
   365             qed
       
   366             ultimately show ?thesis
       
   367               by (unfold Set, simp add:the_preced_def preced_def)
       
   368           next
       
   369             case False
       
   370             then have "?f x  = the_preced (t@s) x"
       
   371               by (simp add:the_preced_def preced_def Set)
       
   372             also have "... \<le> Max (the_preced (t@s) ` threads (t@s))"
       
   373               using Set h h_t.finite_threads by auto 
       
   374             also have "... = ?f th" by (metis Cons.hyps(5) h_e.th_kept the_preced_def) 
       
   375             finally show ?thesis .
       
   376           qed
       
   377         qed
       
   378       qed
       
   379       also have "... = ?t" using h_e.th_kept the_preced_def by auto
       
   380       finally show ?thesis .
       
   381     qed 
       
   382   qed
       
   383 qed
       
   384 
       
   385 lemma max_preced: "preced th (t@s) = Max (the_preced (t@s) ` (threads (t@s)))"
       
   386   by (insert th_kept max_kept, auto)
       
   387 
       
   388 text {*
       
   389   The reason behind the following lemma is that:
       
   390   Since @{term "cp"} is defined as the maximum precedence 
       
   391   of those threads contained in the sub-tree of node @{term "Th th"} 
       
   392   in @{term "RAG (t@s)"}, and all these threads are living threads, and 
       
   393   @{term "th"} is also among them, the maximum precedence of 
       
   394   them all must be the one for @{text "th"}.
       
   395 *}
       
   396 lemma th_cp_max_preced: 
       
   397   "cp (t@s) th = Max (the_preced (t@s) ` (threads (t@s)))" (is "?L = ?R") 
       
   398 proof -
       
   399   let ?f = "the_preced (t@s)"
       
   400   have "?L = ?f th"
       
   401   proof(unfold cp_alt_def, rule image_Max_eqI)
       
   402     show "finite {th'. Th th' \<in> subtree (RAG (t @ s)) (Th th)}"
       
   403     proof -
       
   404       have "{th'. Th th' \<in> subtree (RAG (t @ s)) (Th th)} = 
       
   405             the_thread ` {n . n \<in> subtree (RAG (t @ s)) (Th th) \<and>
       
   406                             (\<exists> th'. n = Th th')}"
       
   407       by (smt Collect_cong Setcompr_eq_image mem_Collect_eq the_thread.simps)
       
   408       moreover have "finite ..." by (simp add: vat_t.fsbtRAGs.finite_subtree) 
       
   409       ultimately show ?thesis by simp
       
   410     qed
       
   411   next
       
   412     show "th \<in> {th'. Th th' \<in> subtree (RAG (t @ s)) (Th th)}"
       
   413       by (auto simp:subtree_def)
       
   414   next
       
   415     show "\<forall>x\<in>{th'. Th th' \<in> subtree (RAG (t @ s)) (Th th)}.
       
   416                the_preced (t @ s) x \<le> the_preced (t @ s) th"
       
   417     proof
       
   418       fix th'
       
   419       assume "th' \<in> {th'. Th th' \<in> subtree (RAG (t @ s)) (Th th)}"
       
   420       hence "Th th' \<in> subtree (RAG (t @ s)) (Th th)" by auto
       
   421       moreover have "... \<subseteq> Field (RAG (t @ s)) \<union> {Th th}"
       
   422         by (meson subtree_Field)
       
   423       ultimately have "Th th' \<in> ..." by auto
       
   424       hence "th' \<in> threads (t@s)" 
       
   425       proof
       
   426         assume "Th th' \<in> {Th th}"
       
   427         thus ?thesis using th_kept by auto 
       
   428       next
       
   429         assume "Th th' \<in> Field (RAG (t @ s))"
       
   430         thus ?thesis using vat_t.not_in_thread_isolated by blast 
       
   431       qed
       
   432       thus "the_preced (t @ s) th' \<le> the_preced (t @ s) th"
       
   433         by (metis Max_ge finite_imageI finite_threads image_eqI 
       
   434                max_kept th_kept the_preced_def)
       
   435     qed
       
   436   qed
       
   437   also have "... = ?R" by (simp add: max_preced the_preced_def) 
       
   438   finally show ?thesis .
       
   439 qed
       
   440 
       
   441 lemma th_cp_max[simp]: "Max (cp (t@s) ` threads (t@s)) = cp (t@s) th"
       
   442   using max_cp_eq th_cp_max_preced the_preced_def vt_t by presburger
       
   443 
       
   444 lemma [simp]: "Max (cp (t@s) ` threads (t@s)) = Max (the_preced (t@s) ` threads (t@s))"
       
   445   by (simp add: th_cp_max_preced)
       
   446   
       
   447 lemma [simp]: "Max (the_preced (t@s) ` threads (t@s)) = the_preced (t@s) th"
       
   448   using max_kept th_kept the_preced_def by auto
       
   449 
       
   450 lemma [simp]: "the_preced (t@s) th = preced th (t@s)"
       
   451   using the_preced_def by auto
       
   452 
       
   453 lemma [simp]: "preced th (t@s) = preced th s"
       
   454   by (simp add: th_kept)
       
   455 
       
   456 lemma [simp]: "cp s th = preced th s"
       
   457   by (simp add: eq_cp_s_th)
       
   458 
       
   459 lemma th_cp_preced [simp]: "cp (t@s) th = preced th s"
       
   460   by (fold max_kept, unfold th_cp_max_preced, simp)
       
   461 
       
   462 lemma preced_less:
       
   463   assumes th'_in: "th' \<in> threads s"
       
   464   and neq_th': "th' \<noteq> th"
       
   465   shows "preced th' s < preced th s"
       
   466   using assms
       
   467 by (metis Max.coboundedI finite_imageI highest not_le order.trans 
       
   468     preced_linorder rev_image_eqI threads_s vat_s.finite_threads 
       
   469     vat_s.le_cp)
       
   470 
       
   471 section {* The `blocking thread` *}
       
   472 
       
   473 text {* 
       
   474   The purpose of PIP is to ensure that the most 
       
   475   urgent thread @{term th} is not blocked unreasonably. 
       
   476   Therefore, a clear picture of the blocking thread is essential 
       
   477   to assure people that the purpose is fulfilled. 
       
   478   
       
   479   In this section, we are going to derive a series of lemmas 
       
   480   with finally give rise to a picture of the blocking thread. 
       
   481 
       
   482   By `blocking thread`, we mean a thread in running state but 
       
   483   different from thread @{term th}.
       
   484 *}
       
   485 
       
   486 text {*
       
   487   The following lemmas shows that the @{term cp}-value 
       
   488   of the blocking thread @{text th'} equals to the highest
       
   489   precedence in the whole system.
       
   490 *}
       
   491 lemma runing_preced_inversion:
       
   492   assumes runing': "th' \<in> runing (t@s)"
       
   493   shows "cp (t@s) th' = preced th s" (is "?L = ?R")
       
   494 proof -
       
   495   have "?L = Max (cp (t @ s) ` readys (t @ s))" using assms
       
   496       by (unfold runing_def, auto)
       
   497   also have "\<dots> = ?R"
       
   498       by (metis th_cp_max th_cp_preced vat_t.max_cp_readys_threads) 
       
   499   finally show ?thesis .
       
   500 qed
       
   501 
       
   502 text {*
       
   503   The following lemma shows how the counting of 
       
   504   @{term "P"} and @{term "V"} operations affects 
       
   505   the running state of threads in @{term t}.
       
   506 
       
   507   The lemma shows that if a thread's @{term "P"}-count equals 
       
   508   its @{term "V"}-count (which means it no longer has any 
       
   509   resource in its possession), it can not be in running thread. 
       
   510 
       
   511   The proof is by contraction with the assumption @{text "th' \<noteq> th"}. 
       
   512   The key is the use of @{thm count_eq_dependants}
       
   513   to derive the emptiness of @{text th'}s @{term dependants}-set
       
   514   from the balance of its @{term P} @{term V} counts. 
       
   515   From this, it can be shown @{text th'}s @{term cp}-value 
       
   516   equals to its own precedence. 
       
   517 
       
   518   On the other hand, since @{text th'} is running, by 
       
   519   @{thm runing_preced_inversion}, its @{term cp}-value
       
   520   equals to the precedence of @{term th}. 
       
   521 
       
   522   Combining the above two we have that @{text th'} and 
       
   523   @{term th} have the same precedence. By uniqueness of precedence, we
       
   524   have @{text "th' = th"}, which is in contradiction with the
       
   525   assumption @{text "th' \<noteq> th"}. 
       
   526 *} 
       
   527                       
       
   528 lemma eq_pv_blocked: (* ddd *)
       
   529   assumes neq_th': "th' \<noteq> th"
       
   530   and eq_pv: "cntP (t@s) th' = cntV (t@s) th'"
       
   531   shows "th' \<notin> runing (t@s)"
       
   532 proof
       
   533   assume otherwise: "th' \<in> runing (t@s)"
       
   534   show False
       
   535   proof -
       
   536     have th'_in: "th' \<in> threads (t@s)"
       
   537         using otherwise readys_threads runing_def by auto 
       
   538     have "th' = th"
       
   539     proof(rule preced_unique)
       
   540       -- {* The proof goes like this: 
       
   541             it is first shown that the @{term preced}-value of @{term th'} 
       
   542             equals to that of @{term th}, then by uniqueness 
       
   543             of @{term preced}-values (given by lemma @{thm preced_unique}), 
       
   544             @{term th'} equals to @{term th}: *}
       
   545       show "preced th' (t @ s) = preced th (t @ s)" (is "?L = ?R")
       
   546       proof -
       
   547         -- {* Since the counts of @{term th'} are balanced, the subtree
       
   548               of it contains only itself, so, its @{term cp}-value
       
   549               equals its @{term preced}-value: *}
       
   550         have "?L = cp (t@s) th'"
       
   551           by (unfold cp_eq_cpreced cpreced_def count_eq_dependants[OF eq_pv], simp)
       
   552         -- {* Since @{term "th'"} is running, by @{thm runing_preced_inversion},
       
   553               its @{term cp}-value equals @{term "preced th s"}, 
       
   554               which equals to @{term "?R"} by simplification: *}
       
   555         also have "... = ?R" 
       
   556         thm runing_preced_inversion
       
   557             using runing_preced_inversion[OF otherwise] by simp
       
   558         finally show ?thesis .
       
   559       qed
       
   560     qed (auto simp: th'_in th_kept)
       
   561     with `th' \<noteq> th` show ?thesis by simp
       
   562  qed
       
   563 qed
       
   564 
       
   565 text {*
       
   566   The following lemma is the extrapolation of @{thm eq_pv_blocked}.
       
   567   It says if a thread, different from @{term th}, 
       
   568   does not hold any resource at the very beginning,
       
   569   it will keep hand-emptied in the future @{term "t@s"}.
       
   570 *}
       
   571 lemma eq_pv_persist: (* ddd *)
       
   572   assumes neq_th': "th' \<noteq> th"
       
   573   and eq_pv: "cntP s th' = cntV s th'"
       
   574   shows "cntP (t@s) th' = cntV (t@s) th'"
       
   575 proof(induction rule:ind) -- {* The proof goes by induction. *}
       
   576   -- {* The nontrivial case is for the @{term Cons}: *}
       
   577   case (Cons e t)
       
   578   -- {* All results derived so far hold for both @{term s} and @{term "t@s"}: *}
       
   579   interpret vat_t: extend_highest_gen s th prio tm t using Cons by simp
       
   580   interpret vat_e: extend_highest_gen s th prio tm "(e # t)" using Cons by simp
       
   581   show ?case
       
   582   proof -
       
   583     -- {* It can be proved that @{term cntP}-value of @{term th'} does not change
       
   584           by the happening of event @{term e}: *}
       
   585     have "cntP ((e#t)@s) th' = cntP (t@s) th'"
       
   586     proof(rule ccontr) -- {* Proof by contradiction. *}
       
   587       -- {* Suppose @{term cntP}-value of @{term th'} is changed by @{term e}: *}
       
   588       assume otherwise: "cntP ((e # t) @ s) th' \<noteq> cntP (t @ s) th'"
       
   589       -- {* Then the actor of @{term e} must be @{term th'} and @{term e}
       
   590             must be a @{term P}-event: *}
       
   591       hence "isP e" "actor e = th'" by (auto simp:cntP_diff_inv) 
       
   592       with vat_t.actor_inv[OF Cons(2)]
       
   593       -- {* According to @{thm actor_inv}, @{term th'} must be running at 
       
   594             the moment @{term "t@s"}: *}
       
   595       have "th' \<in> runing (t@s)" by (cases e, auto)
       
   596       -- {* However, an application of @{thm eq_pv_blocked} to induction hypothesis
       
   597             shows @{term th'} can not be running at moment  @{term "t@s"}: *}
       
   598       moreover have "th' \<notin> runing (t@s)" 
       
   599                using vat_t.eq_pv_blocked[OF neq_th' Cons(5)] .
       
   600       -- {* Contradiction is finally derived: *}
       
   601       ultimately show False by simp
       
   602     qed
       
   603     -- {* It can also be proved that @{term cntV}-value of @{term th'} does not change
       
   604           by the happening of event @{term e}: *}
       
   605     -- {* The proof follows exactly the same pattern as the case for @{term cntP}-value: *}
       
   606     moreover have "cntV ((e#t)@s) th' = cntV (t@s) th'"
       
   607     proof(rule ccontr) -- {* Proof by contradiction. *}
       
   608       assume otherwise: "cntV ((e # t) @ s) th' \<noteq> cntV (t @ s) th'"
       
   609       hence "isV e" "actor e = th'" by (auto simp:cntV_diff_inv) 
       
   610       with vat_t.actor_inv[OF Cons(2)]
       
   611       have "th' \<in> runing (t@s)" by (cases e, auto)
       
   612       moreover have "th' \<notin> runing (t@s)"
       
   613           using vat_t.eq_pv_blocked[OF neq_th' Cons(5)] .
       
   614       ultimately show False by simp
       
   615     qed
       
   616     -- {* Finally, it can be shown that the @{term cntP} and @{term cntV} 
       
   617           value for @{term th'} are still in balance, so @{term th'} 
       
   618           is still hand-emptied after the execution of event @{term e}: *}
       
   619     ultimately show ?thesis using Cons(5) by metis
       
   620   qed
       
   621 qed (auto simp:eq_pv)
       
   622 
       
   623 text {*
       
   624   By combining @{thm  eq_pv_blocked} and @{thm eq_pv_persist},
       
   625   it can be derived easily that @{term th'} can not be running in the future:
       
   626 *}
       
   627 lemma eq_pv_blocked_persist:
       
   628   assumes neq_th': "th' \<noteq> th"
       
   629   and eq_pv: "cntP s th' = cntV s th'"
       
   630   shows "th' \<notin> runing (t@s)"
       
   631   using assms
       
   632   by (simp add: eq_pv_blocked eq_pv_persist) 
       
   633 
       
   634 text {*
       
   635   The following lemma shows the blocking thread @{term th'}
       
   636   must hold some resource in the very beginning. 
       
   637 *}
       
   638 lemma runing_cntP_cntV_inv: (* ddd *)
       
   639   assumes is_runing: "th' \<in> runing (t@s)"
       
   640   and neq_th': "th' \<noteq> th"
       
   641   shows "cntP s th' > cntV s th'"
       
   642   using assms
       
   643 proof -
       
   644   -- {* First, it can be shown that the number of @{term P} and
       
   645         @{term V} operations can not be equal for thred @{term th'} *}
       
   646   have "cntP s th' \<noteq> cntV s th'"
       
   647   proof
       
   648      -- {* The proof goes by contradiction, suppose otherwise: *}
       
   649     assume otherwise: "cntP s th' = cntV s th'"
       
   650     -- {* By applying @{thm  eq_pv_blocked_persist} to this: *}
       
   651     from eq_pv_blocked_persist[OF neq_th' otherwise] 
       
   652     -- {* we have that @{term th'} can not be running at moment @{term "t@s"}: *}
       
   653     have "th' \<notin> runing (t@s)" .
       
   654     -- {* This is obvious in contradiction with assumption @{thm is_runing}  *}
       
   655     thus False using is_runing by simp
       
   656   qed
       
   657   -- {* However, the number of @{term V} is always less or equal to @{term P}: *}
       
   658   moreover have "cntV s th' \<le> cntP s th'" using vat_s.cnp_cnv_cncs by auto
       
   659   -- {* Thesis is finally derived by combining the these two results: *}
       
   660   ultimately show ?thesis by auto
       
   661 qed
       
   662 
       
   663 
       
   664 text {*
       
   665   The following lemmas shows the blocking thread @{text th'} must be live 
       
   666   at the very beginning, i.e. the moment (or state) @{term s}. 
       
   667 
       
   668   The proof is a  simple combination of the results above:
       
   669 *}
       
   670 lemma runing_threads_inv: 
       
   671   assumes runing': "th' \<in> runing (t@s)"
       
   672   and neq_th': "th' \<noteq> th"
       
   673   shows "th' \<in> threads s"
       
   674 proof(rule ccontr) -- {* Proof by contradiction: *}
       
   675   assume otherwise: "th' \<notin> threads s" 
       
   676   have "th' \<notin> runing (t @ s)"
       
   677   proof -
       
   678     from vat_s.cnp_cnv_eq[OF otherwise]
       
   679     have "cntP s th' = cntV s th'" .
       
   680     from eq_pv_blocked_persist[OF neq_th' this]
       
   681     show ?thesis .
       
   682   qed
       
   683   with runing' show False by simp
       
   684 qed
       
   685 
       
   686 text {*
       
   687   The following lemma summarizes several foregoing 
       
   688   lemmas to give an overall picture of the blocking thread @{text "th'"}:
       
   689 *}
       
   690 lemma runing_inversion: (* ddd, one of the main lemmas to present *)
       
   691   assumes runing': "th' \<in> runing (t@s)"
       
   692   and neq_th: "th' \<noteq> th"
       
   693   shows "th' \<in> threads s"
       
   694   and    "\<not>detached s th'"
       
   695   and    "cp (t@s) th' = preced th s"
       
   696 proof -
       
   697   from runing_threads_inv[OF assms]
       
   698   show "th' \<in> threads s" .
       
   699 next
       
   700   from runing_cntP_cntV_inv[OF runing' neq_th]
       
   701   show "\<not>detached s th'" using vat_s.detached_eq by simp
       
   702 next
       
   703   from runing_preced_inversion[OF runing']
       
   704   show "cp (t@s) th' = preced th s" .
       
   705 qed
       
   706 
       
   707 section {* The existence of `blocking thread` *}
       
   708 
       
   709 text {* 
       
   710   Suppose @{term th} is not running, it is first shown that
       
   711   there is a path in RAG leading from node @{term th} to another thread @{text "th'"} 
       
   712   in the @{term readys}-set (So @{text "th'"} is an ancestor of @{term th}}).
       
   713 
       
   714   Now, since @{term readys}-set is non-empty, there must be
       
   715   one in it which holds the highest @{term cp}-value, which, by definition, 
       
   716   is the @{term runing}-thread. However, we are going to show more: this running thread
       
   717   is exactly @{term "th'"}.
       
   718      *}
       
   719 lemma th_blockedE: (* ddd, the other main lemma to be presented: *)
       
   720   assumes "th \<notin> runing (t@s)"
       
   721   obtains th' where "Th th' \<in> ancestors (RAG (t @ s)) (Th th)"
       
   722                     "th' \<in> runing (t@s)"
       
   723 proof -
       
   724   -- {* According to @{thm vat_t.th_chain_to_ready}, either 
       
   725         @{term "th"} is in @{term "readys"} or there is path leading from it to 
       
   726         one thread in @{term "readys"}. *}
       
   727   have "th \<in> readys (t @ s) \<or> (\<exists>th'. th' \<in> readys (t @ s) \<and> (Th th, Th th') \<in> (RAG (t @ s))\<^sup>+)" 
       
   728     using th_kept vat_t.th_chain_to_ready by auto
       
   729   -- {* However, @{term th} can not be in @{term readys}, because otherwise, since 
       
   730        @{term th} holds the highest @{term cp}-value, it must be @{term "runing"}. *}
       
   731   moreover have "th \<notin> readys (t@s)" 
       
   732     using assms runing_def th_cp_max vat_t.max_cp_readys_threads by auto 
       
   733   -- {* So, there must be a path from @{term th} to another thread @{text "th'"} in 
       
   734         term @{term readys}: *}
       
   735   ultimately obtain th' where th'_in: "th' \<in> readys (t@s)"
       
   736                           and dp: "(Th th, Th th') \<in> (RAG (t @ s))\<^sup>+" by auto
       
   737   -- {* We are going to show that this @{term th'} is running. *}
       
   738   have "th' \<in> runing (t@s)"
       
   739   proof -
       
   740     -- {* We only need to show that this @{term th'} holds the highest @{term cp}-value: *}
       
   741     have "cp (t@s) th' = Max (cp (t@s) ` readys (t@s))" (is "?L = ?R")
       
   742     proof -
       
   743       have "?L =  Max ((the_preced (t @ s) \<circ> the_thread) ` subtree (tRAG (t @ s)) (Th th'))"
       
   744         by (unfold cp_alt_def1, simp)
       
   745       also have "... = (the_preced (t @ s) \<circ> the_thread) (Th th)"
       
   746       proof(rule image_Max_subset)
       
   747         show "finite (Th ` (threads (t@s)))" by (simp add: vat_t.finite_threads)
       
   748       next
       
   749         show "subtree (tRAG (t @ s)) (Th th') \<subseteq> Th ` threads (t @ s)"
       
   750           by (metis Range.intros dp trancl_range vat_t.range_in vat_t.subtree_tRAG_thread) 
       
   751       next
       
   752         show "Th th \<in> subtree (tRAG (t @ s)) (Th th')" using dp
       
   753                     by (unfold tRAG_subtree_eq, auto simp:subtree_def)
       
   754       next
       
   755         show "Max ((the_preced (t @ s) \<circ> the_thread) ` Th ` threads (t @ s)) =
       
   756                       (the_preced (t @ s) \<circ> the_thread) (Th th)" (is "Max ?L = _")
       
   757         proof -
       
   758           have "?L = the_preced (t @ s) `  threads (t @ s)" 
       
   759                      by (unfold image_comp, rule image_cong, auto)
       
   760           thus ?thesis using max_preced the_preced_def by auto
       
   761         qed
       
   762       qed
       
   763       also have "... = ?R"
       
   764         using th_cp_max th_cp_preced th_kept 
       
   765               the_preced_def vat_t.max_cp_readys_threads by auto
       
   766       finally show ?thesis .
       
   767     qed 
       
   768     -- {* Now, since @{term th'} holds the highest @{term cp} 
       
   769           and we have already show it is in @{term readys},
       
   770           it is @{term runing} by definition. *}
       
   771     with `th' \<in> readys (t@s)` show ?thesis by (simp add: runing_def) 
       
   772   qed
       
   773   -- {* It is easy to show @{term th'} is an ancestor of @{term th}: *}
       
   774   moreover have "Th th' \<in> ancestors (RAG (t @ s)) (Th th)" 
       
   775     using `(Th th, Th th') \<in> (RAG (t @ s))\<^sup>+` by (auto simp:ancestors_def)
       
   776   ultimately show ?thesis using that by metis
       
   777 qed
       
   778 
       
   779 text {*
       
   780   Now it is easy to see there is always a thread to run by case analysis
       
   781   on whether thread @{term th} is running: if the answer is Yes, the 
       
   782   the running thread is obviously @{term th} itself; otherwise, the running
       
   783   thread is the @{text th'} given by lemma @{thm th_blockedE}.
       
   784 *}
       
   785 lemma live: "runing (t@s) \<noteq> {}"
       
   786 proof(cases "th \<in> runing (t@s)") 
       
   787   case True thus ?thesis by auto
       
   788 next
       
   789   case False
       
   790   thus ?thesis using th_blockedE by auto
       
   791 qed
       
   792 
       
   793 
       
   794 end
       
   795 end