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progs/lecture2.scala
changeset 491 2a30c7dfe3ed
parent 478 0e6ca70496c1
equal deleted inserted replaced
490:f70d74fea67f 491:2a30c7dfe3ed 
    28 //
 
    28 //
 
    29 // Option[Int]: None, Some(0), Some(1), ...
 
    29 // Option[Int]: None, Some(0), Some(1), ...
 
    30 // Option[Boolean]: None, Some(true), Some(false)
 
    30 // Option[Boolean]: None, Some(true), Some(false)
 
    31 // Option[...]: None, Some(_)
 
    31 // Option[...]: None, Some(_)
 
    32 
    32 
       
    33 def div(x: Int, y: Int) : Int = 
       
    34   x / y
 
       
    35 
    33 def safe_div(x: Int, y: Int) : Option[Int] = 
    36 def safe_div(x: Int, y: Int) : Option[Int] = 
    34   if (y == 0) None else Some(x / y)
 
    37   if (y == 0) None else Some(x / y)
 
    35 
    38 
    36 safe_div(10 + 5, 0)  
    39 def foo_calculation(x: Int) = 
       
    40   if (safe_div(x, x) == None) 24 else safe_div(x, x).get
 
       
    41 
       
    42 foo_calculation(3)
 
       
    43 foo_calculation(0)
 
       
    44 
       
    45 safe_div(10 + 5, 3)  
    37 
    46 
    38 List(1,2,3,4,5,6).indexOf(7)
 
    47 List(1,2,3,4,5,6).indexOf(7)
 
    39 List[Int]().min
 
    48 List[Int](3,4,5).min
 
    40 List[Int](3,4,5).minOption
 
    49 List[Int]().minOption
 
    41 
    50 
    42 
    51 
    43 
    52 
    44 // better error handling with Options (no exceptions)
 
    53 // better error handling with Options (no exceptions)
 
    45 //
 
    54 //
 
    47 //
 
    56 //
 
    48 
    57 
    49 import scala.util._      // Try,...
 
    58 import scala.util._      // Try,...
 
    50 import io.Source         // fromURL
 
    59 import io.Source         // fromURL
 
    51 
    60 
    52 val my_url = "https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban2/"
 
    61 val my_url = "https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/"
 
    53 
    62 
    54 Source.fromURL(my_url)("ISO-8859-1").mkString
 
    63 Source.fromURL(my_url)("ISO-8859-1").mkString
 
    55 Source.fromURL(my_url)("ISO-8859-1").getLines().toList
 
    64 Source.fromURL(my_url)("ISO-8859-1").getLines().toList
 
    56 
    65 
    57 Try(Source.fromURL(my_url)("ISO-8859-1").mkString).getOrElse("")
 
    66 Try(Source.fromURL(my_url)("ISO-8859-1").mkString).getOrElse("")
 
    91 
   100 
    92 
   101 
    93 // operations on options
 
   102 // operations on options
 
    94 
   103 
    95 val lst = List(None, Some(1), Some(2), None, Some(3))
 
   104 val lst = List(None, Some(1), Some(2), None, Some(3))
 
       
   105 
       
   106 for (x <- lst) yield {
 
       
   107   if (x == None) None
 
       
   108   else Some(x.get + 1)
 
       
   109 }
 
    96 
   110 
    97 lst.flatten
 
   111 lst.flatten
 
    98 
   112 
    99 Some(1).get
 
   113 Some(1).get
 
   100 None.get
 
   114 None.get
 
   171 def odd(x: Int) : Boolean = x % 2 == 1
 
   185 def odd(x: Int) : Boolean = x % 2 == 1
 
   172 
   186 
   173 def inc(x: Int) : Int = x + 1
 
   187 def inc(x: Int) : Int = x + 1
 
   174 val lst = (1 to 10).toList
 
   188 val lst = (1 to 10).toList
 
   175 
   189 
       
   190 lst.filter(odd)
 
       
   191 lst.exists(even)
 
       
   192 lst.count(odd)
 
       
   193 
   176 lst.filter(_ % 2 == 0)
 
   194 lst.filter(_ % 2 == 0)
 
   177 lst.count(odd)
 
   195 
   178 lst.find(even)
 
   196 
   179 lst.exists(even)
 
       
   180 
   197 
   181 lst.find(_ < 4)
 
   198 lst.find(_ < 4)
 
   182 lst.filter(_ < 4) 
   199 lst.filter(_ < 4) 
   183 
   200 
   184 val x = 3 < 4
 
   201 val x = 3 < 4
 
   189 
   206 
   190 lst.filter(x => x % 2 == 0)
 
   207 lst.filter(x => x % 2 == 0)
 
   191 lst.filter(_ % 2 == 0)
 
   208 lst.filter(_ % 2 == 0)
 
   192 
   209 
   193 
   210 
   194 lst.sortWith((x, y) => x < y)
 
   211 lst.sortWith((x, y) => x > y)
 
   195 lst.sortWith(_ > _)
 
   212 lst.sortWith(_ < _)
 
   196 
   213 
   197 // but this only works when the arguments are clear, but 
   214 // but this only works when the arguments are clear, but 
   198 // not with multiple occurences
 
   215 // not with multiple occurences
 
   199 lst.find(n => odd(n) && n > 2)
 
   216 lst.find(n => odd(n) && n > 2)
 
   200 
   217 
   209 ps.sortWith(lex)
 
   226 ps.sortWith(lex)
 
   210 
   227 
   211 ps.sortBy(x => x._1)
 
   228 ps.sortBy(x => x._1)
 
   212 ps.sortBy(_._2)
 
   229 ps.sortBy(_._2)
 
   213 
   230 
   214 ps.maxBy(_._1)
 
   231 ps.maxBy(x => x._2)
 
   215 ps.maxBy(_._2)
 
   232 ps.maxBy(_._2)
 
   216 
   233 
   217 
   234 
   218 // maps (lower-case)
 
   235 // maps (lower-case)
 
   219 //===================
 
   236 //===================
 
   222 def square(x: Int): Int = x * x
 
   239 def square(x: Int): Int = x * x
 
   223 
   240 
   224 val lst = (1 to 10).toList
 
   241 val lst = (1 to 10).toList
 
   225 
   242 
   226 lst.map(square)
 
   243 lst.map(square)
 
       
   244 lst.map(n => square(n))
 
       
   245 
       
   246 for (n <- lst) yield square(n)
 
       
   247 
   227 lst.map(x => (double(x), square(x)))
 
   248 lst.map(x => (double(x), square(x)))
 
   228 
   249 
   229 // works also for strings
 
   250 // works also for strings
 
   230 def tweet(c: Char) = c.toUpper
 
   251 def tweet(c: Char) = c.toUpper
 
   231 
   252
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