// Core Part about an Interpreter for 

// the Brainf***++ language

//==============================================

object M5a {  

// representation of Bf memory 

type Mem = Map[Int, Int]

// (1) Write a function that takes a file name as argument and

// and requests the corresponding file from disk. It Returns the

// content of the file as a String. If the file does not exists,

// the function should Return the empty string.

import io.Source

import scala.util._

def load_bff(name: String) : String = 

  Try(Source.fromFile(name)("ISO-8859-1").mkString).getOrElse("")

// (2) Complete the functions for safely reading  

// and writing brainf***++ memory. Safely read should

// Return the value stored in the Map for a given memory

// pointer, provided it exists; otherwise it Returns 0. The

// writing function generates a new Map with the

// same data, except at the given memory pointer the

// value v is stored.

def sread(mem: Mem, mp: Int) : Int = 

  mem.getOrElse(mp, 0)

def write(mem: Mem, mp: Int, v: Int) : Mem =

  mem.updated(mp, v)

// (3) Implement the two jumping instructions in the 

// brainf***++ language. In jumpRight, given a program and 

// a program counter move the program counter to the right 

// until after the *matching* ]-command. Similarly, 

// jumpLeft implements the move to the left to just after

// the *matching* [-command.

def jumpRight(prog: String, pc: Int, level: Int) : Int = {

  if (prog.length <= pc) pc 

  else (prog(pc), level) match {

    case (']', 0) => pc + 1

    case (']', l) => jumpRight(prog, pc + 1, l - 1)

    case ('[', l) => jumpRight(prog, pc + 1, l + 1)

    case (_, l) => jumpRight(prog, pc + 1, l)

  }

}

def jumpLeft(prog: String, pc: Int, level: Int) : Int = {

  if (pc < 0) pc 

  else (prog(pc), level) match {

    case ('[', 0) => pc + 1

    case ('[', l) => jumpLeft(prog, pc - 1, l - 1)

    case (']', l) => jumpLeft(prog, pc - 1, l + 1)

    case (_, l) => jumpLeft(prog, pc - 1, l)

  }

}

// test cases

//jumpRight("""--[..+>--].>.++""", 3, 0)         // => 10

//jumpLeft("""--[..+>--].>.++""", 8, 0)          // => 3

//jumpRight("""--[..[+>]--].>.++""", 3, 0)       // => 12

//jumpRight("""--[..[[-]+>[.]]--].>.++""", 3, 0) // => 18

//jumpRight("""--[..[[-]+>[.]]--.>.++""", 3, 0)  // => 22 (outside)

//jumpLeft("""[******]***""", 7, 0)              // => -1 (outside)

// (4) Complete the compute function that interprets (runs) a brainf***++

// program: the arguments are a program (represented as a string), a program 

// counter, a memory counter and a brainf***++ memory. It Returns the

// memory at the stage when the execution of the brainf***++ program

// finishes. The interpretation finishes once the program counter

// pc is pointing to something outside the program string.

// If the pc points to a character inside the program, the pc, 

// memory pointer and memory need to be updated according to 

// rules of the brainf***++ language. Then, recursively, the compute 

// function continues with the command at the new program

// counter. 

//

// Implement the run function that calls compute with the program

// counter and memory counter set to 0.

def compute(prog: String, pc: Int, mp: Int, mem: Mem) : Mem = {

  if (0 <= pc && pc < prog.length) { 

    val (new_pc, new_mp, new_mem) = prog(pc) match {

      case '>' => (pc + 1, mp + 1, mem)

      case '<' => (pc + 1, mp - 1, mem)

      case '+' => (pc + 1, mp, write(mem, mp, sread(mem, mp) + 1))

      case '-' => (pc + 1, mp, write(mem, mp, sread(mem, mp) - 1))

      case '.' => { print(sread(mem, mp).toChar); (pc + 1, mp, mem) }

      case '['  => if (sread(mem, mp) == 0) (jumpRight(prog, pc + 1, 0), mp, mem) else (pc + 1, mp, mem) 

      case ']'  => if (sread(mem, mp) != 0) (jumpLeft(prog, pc - 1, 0), mp, mem) else (pc + 1, mp, mem) 

      case _ => (pc + 1, mp, mem)

    }		     

    compute(prog, new_pc, new_mp, new_mem)	

  }

  else mem

}

def run(prog: String, m: Mem = Map()) = compute(prog, 0, 0, m)

def generate(msg: List[Char]) : String = msg match {

  case Nil => ""

  case c::cs => s"${"+" * c.toInt}.[-]" ++ generate(cs) 

}

//println(generate("Hello World\n".toList))

// some sample bf/bf++-programs collected from the Internet

//==========================================================

// some contrived (small) programs

//---------------------------------

// clears the 0-cell

//run("[-]", Map(0 -> 100))    // Map will be 0 -> 0

// moves content of the 0-cell to 1-cell

//run("[->+<]", Map(0 -> 10))  // Map will be 0 -> 0, 1 -> 10

// copies content of the 0-cell to 2-cell and 4-cell

//run("[>>+>>+<<<<-]", Map(0 -> 42))    // Map(0 -> 0, 2 -> 42, 4 -> 42)

// prints out numbers 0 to 9

//run("""+++++[->++++++++++<]>--<+++[->>++++++++++<<]>>++<<----------[+>.>.<+<]""")

// some more "useful" programs

//-----------------------------

// hello world program 1

//run("""++++++++[>++++[>++>+++>+++>+<<<<-]>+>+>->>+[<]<-]>>.>---.+++++++

//       ..+++.>>.<-.<.+++.------.--------.>>+.>++.""")

// hello world program 2

//run("""++++++++++[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]>++.>+.+++++++..+++.>+

//       +.<<+++++++++++++++.>.+++.------.--------.>+.>.""")

// hello world program 3

//run("""+++++++++[>++++++++>+++++++++++>+++++<<<-]>.>++.+++++++..

//       +++.>-.------------.<++++++++.--------.+++.------.--------.>+.""")

// draws the Sierpinski triangle

//run(load_bff("sierpinski.bf"))

//fibonacci numbers below 100

//run("""+++++++++++

//      >+>>>>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

//      >++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<<<<<<[>[>>>>>>+>

//      +<<<<<<<-]>>>>>>>[<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>-]<[>++++++++++[-

//      <-[>>+>+<<<-]>>>[<<<+>>>-]+<[>[-]<[-]]>[<<[>>>+<<<

//      -]>>[-]]<<]>>>[>>+>+<<<-]>>>[<<<+>>>-]+<[>[-]<[-]]

//      >[<<+>>[-]]<<<<<<<]>>>>>[+++++++++++++++++++++++++

//      +++++++++++++++++++++++.[-]]++++++++++<[->-<]>++++

//      ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++.[-]<<

//      <<<<<<<<<<[>>>+>+<<<<-]>>>>[<<<<+>>>>-]<-[>>.>.<<<

//      [-]]<<[>>+>+<<<-]>>>[<<<+>>>-]<<[<+>-]>[<+>-]<<<-]""")

//outputs the square numbers up to 10000

//run("""++++[>+++++<-]>[<+++++>-]+<+[>[>+>+<<-]++>>[<<+>>-]>>>[-]++>[-]+

//       >>>+[[-]++++++>>>]<<<[[<++++++++<++>>-]+<.<[>----<-]<]

//       <<[>>>>>[>>>[-]+++++++++<[>-<-]+++++++++>[-[<->-]+[<<<]]<[>+<-]>]<<-]<<-]""")

// calculates 2 to the power of 6 

//(example from a C-to-BF compiler at https://github.com/elikaski/BF-it)

//run(""">>[-]>[-]++>[-]++++++><<<>>>>[-]+><>[-]<<[-]>[>+<<+>-]>[<+>-]

//       <><[-]>[-]<<<[>>+>+<<<-]>>>[<<<+>>>-][-]><<>>[-]>[-]<<<[>>[-]

//       <[>+>+<<-]>[<+>-]+>[[-]<-<->>]<<<-]>>[<<+>>-]<<[[-]>[-]<<[>+>

//       +<<-]>>[<<+>>-][-]>[-]<<<<<[>>>>+>+<<<<<-]>>>>>[<<<<<+>>>>>-]

//       <<>>[-]>[-]<<<[>>>+<<<-]>>>[<<[<+>>+<-]>[<+>-]>-]<<<>[-]<<[-]

//       >[>+<<+>-]>[<+>-]<><[-]>[-]<<<[>>+>+<<<-]>>>-[<<<+>>>-]<[-]>[-]

//       <<<[>>+>+<<<-]>>>[<<<+>>>-][-]><<>>[-]>[-]<<<[>>[-]<[>+>+<<-]>

//       [<+>-]+>[[-]<-<->>]<<<-]>>[<<+>>-]<<][-]>[-]<<[>+>+<<-]>>[<<+>

//       >-]<<<<<[-]>>>>[<<<<+>>>>-]<<<<><>[-]<<[-]>[>+<<+>-]>[<+>-]<>

//       <[-]>[-]>[-]<<<[>>+>+<<<-]>>>[<<<+>>>-]<<>>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>

//       [-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<<>>++++++++++<<[->+>-[>+>>]>[+[-<+

//       >]>+>>]<<<<<<]>>[-]>>>++++++++++<[->-[>+>>]>[+[-<+>]>+>>]<<<<<

//       ]>[-]>>[>++++++[-<++++++++>]<.<<+>+>[-]]<[<[->-<]++++++[->++++

//       ++++<]>.[-]]<<++++++[-<++++++++>]<.[-]<<[-<+>]<<><<<""")

// a Mandelbrot set generator in brainf*** written by Erik Bosman

// (http://esoteric.sange.fi/brainfuck/utils/mandelbrot/)

//

//run(load_bff("mandelbrot.bf"))

// a benchmark program (counts down from 'Z' to 'A')

//

//run(load_bff("benchmark.bf"))

// calculates the Collatz series for numbers from 1 to 30

//

//run(load_bff("collatz.bf"))

}

//M5a.run(M5a.load_bff("mandelbrot.bf"))

//M5a.run(M5a.load_bff("collatz.bf"))

//println(M5a.generate("ABC".toList))

//M5a.run(M5a.generate("Hello World\n".toList))