the function translating lambda terms to locally nameless lambda terms; still needs a stronger abs_eq_iff lemma...at the moment only proved for restrictions
% LLNCS DOCUMENT CLASS -- version 2.13 (28-Jan-2002)% Springer Verlag LaTeX2e support for Lecture Notes in Computer Science%%%%% \CharacterTable%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}%%\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]\ProvidesClass{llncs}[2002/01/28 v2.13^^J LaTeX document class for Lecture Notes in Computer Science]% Options\let\if@envcntreset\iffalse\DeclareOption{envcountreset}{\let\if@envcntreset\iftrue}\DeclareOption{citeauthoryear}{\let\citeauthoryear=Y}\DeclareOption{oribibl}{\let\oribibl=Y}\let\if@custvec\iftrue\DeclareOption{orivec}{\let\if@custvec\iffalse}\let\if@envcntsame\iffalse\DeclareOption{envcountsame}{\let\if@envcntsame\iftrue}\let\if@envcntsect\iffalse\DeclareOption{envcountsect}{\let\if@envcntsect\iftrue}\let\if@runhead\iffalse\DeclareOption{runningheads}{\let\if@runhead\iftrue}\let\if@openbib\iffalse\DeclareOption{openbib}{\let\if@openbib\iftrue}% languages\let\switcht@@therlang\relax\def\ds@deutsch{\def\switcht@@therlang{\switcht@deutsch}}\def\ds@francais{\def\switcht@@therlang{\switcht@francais}}\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}\ProcessOptions\LoadClass[twoside]{article}\RequirePackage{multicol} % needed for the list of participants, index\setlength{\textwidth}{12.2cm}\setlength{\textheight}{19.3cm}\renewcommand\@pnumwidth{2em}\renewcommand\@tocrmarg{3.5em}%\def\@dottedtocline#1#2#3#4#5{% \ifnum #1>\c@tocdepth \else \vskip \z@ \@plus.2\p@ {\leftskip #2\relax \rightskip \@tocrmarg \advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 2cm \parfillskip -\rightskip \pretolerance=10000 \parindent #2\relax\@afterindenttrue \interlinepenalty\@M \leavevmode \@tempdima #3\relax \advance\leftskip \@tempdima \null\nobreak\hskip -\leftskip {#4}\nobreak \leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu\hbox{.}\mkern \@dotsep mu$}\hfill \nobreak \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hfil\normalfont \normalcolor #5}% \par}% \fi}%\def\switcht@albion{%\def\abstractname{Abstract.}\def\ackname{Acknowledgement.}\def\andname{and}\def\lastandname{\unskip, and}\def\appendixname{Appendix}\def\chaptername{Chapter}\def\claimname{Claim}\def\conjecturename{Conjecture}\def\contentsname{Table of Contents}\def\corollaryname{Corollary}\def\definitionname{Definition}\def\examplename{Example}\def\exercisename{Exercise}\def\figurename{Fig.}\def\keywordname{{\bf Key words:}}\def\indexname{Index}\def\lemmaname{Lemma}\def\contriblistname{List of Contributors}\def\listfigurename{List of Figures}\def\listtablename{List of Tables}\def\mailname{{\it Correspondence to\/}:}\def\noteaddname{Note added in proof}\def\notename{Note}\def\partname{Part}\def\problemname{Problem}\def\proofname{Proof}\def\propertyname{Property}\def\propositionname{Proposition}\def\questionname{Question}\def\remarkname{Remark}\def\seename{see}\def\solutionname{Solution}\def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:}\def\tablename{Table}\def\theoremname{Theorem}}\switcht@albion% Names of theorem like environments are already defined% but must be translated if another language is chosen%% French section\def\switcht@francais{%\typeout{On parle francais.}% \def\abstractname{R\'esum\'e.}% \def\ackname{Remerciements.}% \def\andname{et}% \def\lastandname{ et}% \def\appendixname{Appendice} \def\chaptername{Chapitre}% \def\claimname{Pr\'etention}% \def\conjecturename{Hypoth\`ese}% \def\contentsname{Table des mati\`eres}% \def\corollaryname{Corollaire}% \def\definitionname{D\'efinition}% \def\examplename{Exemple}% \def\exercisename{Exercice}% \def\figurename{Fig.}% \def\keywordname{{\bf Mots-cl\'e:}} \def\indexname{Index} \def\lemmaname{Lemme}% \def\contriblistname{Liste des contributeurs} \def\listfigurename{Liste des figures}% \def\listtablename{Liste des tables}% \def\mailname{{\it Correspondence to\/}:} \def\noteaddname{Note ajout\'ee \`a l'\'epreuve}% \def\notename{Remarque}% \def\partname{Partie}% \def\problemname{Probl\`eme}% \def\proofname{Preuve}% \def\propertyname{Caract\'eristique}%%\def\propositionname{Proposition}% \def\questionname{Question}% \def\remarkname{Remarque}% \def\seename{voir} \def\solutionname{Solution}% \def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:} \def\tablename{Tableau}% \def\theoremname{Th\'eor\`eme}%}%% German section\def\switcht@deutsch{%\typeout{Man spricht deutsch.}% \def\abstractname{Zusammenfassung.}% \def\ackname{Danksagung.}% \def\andname{und}% \def\lastandname{ und}% \def\appendixname{Anhang}% \def\chaptername{Kapitel}% \def\claimname{Behauptung}% \def\conjecturename{Hypothese}% \def\contentsname{Inhaltsverzeichnis}% \def\corollaryname{Korollar}%%\def\definitionname{Definition}% \def\examplename{Beispiel}% \def\exercisename{\"Ubung}% \def\figurename{Abb.}% \def\keywordname{{\bf Schl\"usselw\"orter:}} \def\indexname{Index}%\def\lemmaname{Lemma}% \def\contriblistname{Mitarbeiter} \def\listfigurename{Abbildungsverzeichnis}% \def\listtablename{Tabellenverzeichnis}% \def\mailname{{\it Correspondence to\/}:} \def\noteaddname{Nachtrag}% \def\notename{Anmerkung}% \def\partname{Teil}%%\def\problemname{Problem}% \def\proofname{Beweis}% \def\propertyname{Eigenschaft}%%\def\propositionname{Proposition}% \def\questionname{Frage}% \def\remarkname{Anmerkung}% \def\seename{siehe} \def\solutionname{L\"osung}% \def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:} \def\tablename{Tabelle}%%\def\theoremname{Theorem}%}% Ragged bottom for the actual page\def\thisbottomragged{\def\@textbottom{\vskip\z@ plus.0001fil\global\let\@textbottom\relax}}\renewcommand\small{% \@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{11}% \abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@ \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus2\p@ \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@ \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini \parsep 0\p@ \@plus1\p@ \@minus\p@ \topsep 8\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@ \itemsep0\p@}% \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip}\frenchspacing\widowpenalty=10000\clubpenalty=10000\setlength\oddsidemargin {63\p@}\setlength\evensidemargin {63\p@}\setlength\marginparwidth {90\p@}\setlength\headsep {16\p@}\setlength\footnotesep{7.7\p@}\setlength\textfloatsep{8mm\@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}\setlength\intextsep {8mm\@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}\setcounter{secnumdepth}{2}\newcounter {chapter}\renewcommand\thechapter {\@arabic\c@chapter}\newif\if@mainmatter \@mainmattertrue\newcommand\frontmatter{\cleardoublepage \@mainmatterfalse\pagenumbering{Roman}}\newcommand\mainmatter{\cleardoublepage \@mainmattertrue\pagenumbering{arabic}}\newcommand\backmatter{\if@openright\cleardoublepage\else\clearpage\fi \@mainmatterfalse}\renewcommand\part{\cleardoublepage \thispagestyle{empty}% \if@twocolumn \onecolumn \@tempswatrue \else \@tempswafalse \fi \null\vfil \secdef\@part\@spart}\def\@part[#1]#2{% \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax \refstepcounter{part}% \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\thepart\hspace{1em}#1}% \else \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{#1}% \fi \markboth{}{}% {\centering \interlinepenalty \@M \normalfont \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax \huge\bfseries \partname~\thepart \par \vskip 20\p@ \fi \Huge \bfseries #2\par}% \@endpart}\def\@spart#1{% {\centering \interlinepenalty \@M \normalfont \Huge \bfseries #1\par}% \@endpart}\def\@endpart{\vfil\newpage \if@twoside \null \thispagestyle{empty}% \newpage \fi \if@tempswa \twocolumn \fi}\newcommand\chapter{\clearpage \thispagestyle{empty}% \global\@topnum\z@ \@afterindentfalse \secdef\@chapter\@schapter}\def\@chapter[#1]#2{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne \if@mainmatter \refstepcounter{chapter}% \typeout{\@chapapp\space\thechapter.}% \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}% {\protect\numberline{\thechapter}#1}% \else \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}% \fi \else \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}% \fi \chaptermark{#1}% \addtocontents{lof}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}% \addtocontents{lot}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}% \if@twocolumn \@topnewpage[\@makechapterhead{#2}]% \else \@makechapterhead{#2}% \@afterheading \fi}\def\@makechapterhead#1{%% \vspace*{50\p@}% {\centering \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne \if@mainmatter \large\bfseries \@chapapp{} \thechapter \par\nobreak \vskip 20\p@ \fi \fi \interlinepenalty\@M \Large \bfseries #1\par\nobreak \vskip 40\p@ }}\def\@schapter#1{\if@twocolumn \@topnewpage[\@makeschapterhead{#1}]% \else \@makeschapterhead{#1}% \@afterheading \fi}\def\@makeschapterhead#1{%% \vspace*{50\p@}% {\centering \normalfont \interlinepenalty\@M \Large \bfseries #1\par\nobreak \vskip 40\p@ }}\renewcommand\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}% {-18\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}% {12\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}% {\normalfont\large\bfseries\boldmath \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}% {-18\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}% {8\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}% {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 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class.\vskip0.5cm}\DeclareMathSymbol{\Gamma}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"00}\DeclareMathSymbol{\Delta}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"01}\DeclareMathSymbol{\Theta}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"02}\DeclareMathSymbol{\Lambda}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"03}\DeclareMathSymbol{\Xi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"04}\DeclareMathSymbol{\Pi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"05}\DeclareMathSymbol{\Sigma}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"06}\DeclareMathSymbol{\Upsilon}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"07}\DeclareMathSymbol{\Phi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"08}\DeclareMathSymbol{\Psi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"09}\DeclareMathSymbol{\Omega}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"0A}\let\footnotesize\small\if@custvec\def\vec#1{\mathchoice{\mbox{\boldmath$\displaystyle#1$}}{\mbox{\boldmath$\textstyle#1$}}{\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptstyle#1$}}{\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptscriptstyle#1$}}}\fi\def\squareforqed{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}\def\qed{\ifmmode\squareforqed\else{\unskip\nobreak\hfil\penalty50\hskip1em\null\nobreak\hfil\squareforqed\parfillskip=0pt\finalhyphendemerits=0\endgraf}\fi}\def\getsto{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\gets\cr\to\cr}}}{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets\cr\to\cr}}}{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets\cr\to\cr}}}{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets\cr\to\cr}}}}}\def\lid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip1pt}=\cr}}}{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip0.9pt}=\cr}}}}}\def\gid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip1pt}=\cr}}}{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip0.9pt}=\cr}}}}}\def\grole{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}<\cr}}}{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}<\cr}}}{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.8pt}<\cr}}}{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.3pt}<\cr}}}}}\def\bbbr{{\rm I\!R}} %reelle Zahlen\def\bbbm{{\rm I\!M}}\def\bbbn{{\rm I\!N}} %natuerliche Zahlen\def\bbbf{{\rm I\!F}}\def\bbbh{{\rm I\!H}}\def\bbbk{{\rm I\!K}}\def\bbbp{{\rm I\!P}}\def\bbbone{{\mathchoice {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l}{\rm 1\mskip-4.5mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-5mu l}}}\def\bbbc{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hboxto0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hboxto0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hboxto0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hboxto0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}\def\bbbq{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rmQ$}\hbox{\raise0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}}{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}}{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}\def\bbbt{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rmT$}\hbox{\hbox to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hboxto0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hboxto0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hboxto0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}\def\bbbs{{\mathchoice{\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hboxto0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\hboxto0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hboxto0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\hboxto0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hboxto0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hboxto0pt{\kern0.5\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hboxto0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hboxto0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}\def\bbbz{{\mathchoice {\hbox{$\mathsf\textstyle Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}{\hbox{$\mathsf\textstyle Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}{\hbox{$\mathsf\scriptstyle Z\kern-0.3em Z$}}{\hbox{$\mathsf\scriptscriptstyle Z\kern-0.2em Z$}}}}\let\ts\,\setlength\leftmargini {17\p@}\setlength\leftmargin {\leftmargini}\setlength\leftmarginii {\leftmargini}\setlength\leftmarginiii {\leftmargini}\setlength\leftmarginiv {\leftmargini}\setlength \labelsep {.5em}\setlength \labelwidth{\leftmargini}\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini \parsep 0\p@ \@plus1\p@ \@minus\p@ \topsep 8\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@ \itemsep0\p@}\let\@listi\@listI\@listi\def\@listii {\leftmargin\leftmarginii \labelwidth\leftmarginii \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep \topsep 0\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@}\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii \labelwidth\leftmarginiii \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep \topsep 0\p@ \@plus\p@\@minus\p@ \parsep \z@ \partopsep \p@ \@plus\z@ \@minus\p@}\renewcommand\labelitemi{\normalfont\bfseries --}\renewcommand\labelitemii{$\m@th\bullet$}\setlength\arraycolsep{1.4\p@}\setlength\tabcolsep{1.4\p@}\def\tableofcontents{\chapter*{\contentsname\@mkboth{{\contentsname}}% {{\contentsname}}} \def\authcount##1{\setcounter{auco}{##1}\setcounter{@auth}{1}} \def\lastand{\ifnum\value{auco}=2\relax \unskip{} \andname\ \else \unskip \lastandname\ \fi}% \def\and{\stepcounter{@auth}\relax \ifnum\value{@auth}=\value{auco}% \lastand \else \unskip, \fi}% \@starttoc{toc}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}\def\l@part#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty}% \addvspace{2em plus\p@}% % space above part line \begingroup \parindent \z@ \rightskip \z@ plus 5em \hrule\vskip5pt \large % same size as for a contribution heading \bfseries\boldmath % set line in boldface \leavevmode % TeX command to enter horizontal mode. #1\par \vskip5pt \hrule \vskip1pt \nobreak % Never break after part entry \endgroup}\def\@dotsep{2}\def\hyperhrefextend{\ifx\hyper@anchor\@undefined\else{chapter.\thechapter}\fi}\def\addnumcontentsmark#1#2#3{%\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{\protect\numberline {\thechapter}#3}{\thepage}\hyperhrefextend}}\def\addcontentsmark#1#2#3{%\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{#3}{\thepage}\hyperhrefextend}}\def\addcontentsmarkwop#1#2#3{%\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{#3}{0}\hyperhrefextend}}\def\@adcmk[#1]{\ifcase #1 \or\def\@gtempa{\addnumcontentsmark}% \or \def\@gtempa{\addcontentsmark}% \or \def\@gtempa{\addcontentsmarkwop}% \fi\@gtempa{toc}{chapter}}\def\addtocmark{\@ifnextchar[{\@adcmk}{\@adcmk[3]}}\def\l@chapter#1#2{\addpenalty{-\@highpenalty} \vskip 1.0em plus 1pt \@tempdima 1.5em \begingroup \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg \advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 2cm \parfillskip -\rightskip \pretolerance=10000 \leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima \hskip -\leftskip {\large\bfseries\boldmath#1}\ifx0#2\hfil\null \else \nobreak \leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu.\mkern \@dotsep mu$}\hfill \nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}% \fi\par \penalty\@highpenalty \endgroup}\def\l@title#1#2{\addpenalty{-\@highpenalty} \addvspace{8pt plus 1pt} \@tempdima \z@ \begingroup \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg \advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 2cm \parfillskip -\rightskip \pretolerance=10000 \leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima \hskip -\leftskip #1\nobreak \leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu.\mkern \@dotsep mu$}\hfill \nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par \penalty\@highpenalty \endgroup}\def\l@author#1#2{\addpenalty{\@highpenalty} \@tempdima=\z@ %15\p@ \begingroup \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg \advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 2cm \pretolerance=10000 \leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima %\hskip -\leftskip \textit{#1}\par \penalty\@highpenalty \endgroup}%\setcounter{tocdepth}{0}\newdimen\tocchpnum\newdimen\tocsecnum\newdimen\tocsectotal\newdimen\tocsubsecnum\newdimen\tocsubsectotal\newdimen\tocsubsubsecnum\newdimen\tocsubsubsectotal\newdimen\tocparanum\newdimen\tocparatotal\newdimen\tocsubparanum\tocchpnum=\z@ % no chapter numbers\tocsecnum=15\p@ % section 88. plus 2.222pt\tocsubsecnum=23\p@ % subsection 88.8 plus 2.222pt\tocsubsubsecnum=27\p@ % subsubsection 88.8.8 plus 1.444pt\tocparanum=35\p@ % paragraph 88.8.8.8 plus 1.666pt\tocsubparanum=43\p@ % subparagraph 88.8.8.8.8 plus 1.888pt\def\calctocindent{%\tocsectotal=\tocchpnum\advance\tocsectotal by\tocsecnum\tocsubsectotal=\tocsectotal\advance\tocsubsectotal by\tocsubsecnum\tocsubsubsectotal=\tocsubsectotal\advance\tocsubsubsectotal by\tocsubsubsecnum\tocparatotal=\tocsubsubsectotal\advance\tocparatotal by\tocparanum}\calctocindent\def\l@section{\@dottedtocline{1}{\tocchpnum}{\tocsecnum}}\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{\tocsectotal}{\tocsubsecnum}}\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{\tocsubsectotal}{\tocsubsubsecnum}}\def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{\tocsubsubsectotal}{\tocparanum}}\def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{\tocparatotal}{\tocsubparanum}}\def\listoffigures{\@restonecolfalse\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn \fi\section*{\listfigurename\@mkboth{{\listfigurename}}{{\listfigurename}}} \@starttoc{lof}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}\def\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{0em}{1.5em}}\def\listoftables{\@restonecolfalse\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn \fi\section*{\listtablename\@mkboth{{\listtablename}}{{\listtablename}}} \@starttoc{lot}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}\let\l@table\l@figure\renewcommand\listoffigures{% \section*{\listfigurename \@mkboth{\listfigurename}{\listfigurename}}% \@starttoc{lof}% }\renewcommand\listoftables{% \section*{\listtablename \@mkboth{\listtablename}{\listtablename}}% \@starttoc{lot}% }\ifx\oribibl\undefined\ifx\citeauthoryear\undefined\renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1] {\section*{\refname} \def\@biblabel##1{##1.} \small \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}% {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}% \leftmargin\labelwidth \advance\leftmargin\labelsep \if@openbib \advance\leftmargin\bibindent \itemindent -\bibindent \listparindent \itemindent \parsep \z@ \fi \usecounter{enumiv}% \let\p@enumiv\@empty \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}% \if@openbib \renewcommand\newblock{\par}% \else \renewcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em \@plus.33em \@minus.07em}% \fi \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000% \sfcode`\.=\@m} {\def\@noitemerr {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}% \endlist}\def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{\item[{[#1]}\hfill]\if@filesw {\let\protect\noexpand\immediate \write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#2}{#1}}}\fi\ignorespaces}\newcount\@tempcntc\def\@citex[#1]#2{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi \@tempcnta\z@\@tempcntb\m@ne\def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do {\@ifundefined {b@\@citeb}{\@citeo\@tempcntb\m@ne\@citea\def\@citea{,}{\bfseries ?}\@warning {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}% {\setbox\z@\hbox{\global\@tempcntc0\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname\relax}% \ifnum\@tempcntc=\z@ \@citeo\@tempcntb\m@ne \@citea\def\@citea{,}\hbox{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}% \else \advance\@tempcntb\@ne \ifnum\@tempcntb=\@tempcntc \else\advance\@tempcntb\m@ne\@citeo \@tempcnta\@tempcntc\@tempcntb\@tempcntc\fi\fi}}\@citeo}{#1}}\def\@citeo{\ifnum\@tempcnta>\@tempcntb\else \@citea\def\@citea{,\,\hskip\z@skip}% \ifnum\@tempcnta=\@tempcntb\the\@tempcnta\else {\advance\@tempcnta\@ne\ifnum\@tempcnta=\@tempcntb \else \def\@citea{--}\fi \advance\@tempcnta\m@ne\the\@tempcnta\@citea\the\@tempcntb}\fi\fi}\else\renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1] {\section*{\refname} \small \list{}% {\settowidth\labelwidth{}% \leftmargin\parindent \itemindent=-\parindent \labelsep=\z@ \if@openbib \advance\leftmargin\bibindent \itemindent -\bibindent \listparindent \itemindent \parsep \z@ \fi \usecounter{enumiv}% \let\p@enumiv\@empty \renewcommand\theenumiv{}}% \if@openbib \renewcommand\newblock{\par}% \else \renewcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em \@plus.33em \@minus.07em}% \fi \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000% \sfcode`\.=\@m} {\def\@noitemerr {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}% \endlist} \def\@cite#1{#1}% \def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{\item[]\if@filesw {\def\protect##1{\string ##1\space}\immediate \write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#2}{#1}}}\fi\ignorespaces} \fi\else\@cons\@openbib@code{\noexpand\small}\fi\def\idxquad{\hskip 10\p@}% space that divides entry from number\def\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 10\p@}\def\subitem{\par\setbox0=\hbox{--\enspace}% second order \noindent\hangindent\wd0\box0}% index entry\def\subsubitem{\par\setbox0=\hbox{--\,--\enspace}% third \noindent\hangindent\wd0\box0}% order index entry\def\indexspace{\par \vskip 10\p@ plus5\p@ minus3\p@\relax}\renewenvironment{theindex} {\@mkboth{\indexname}{\indexname}% \thispagestyle{empty}\parindent\z@ \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax \let\item\par \def\,{\relax\ifmmode\mskip\thinmuskip \else\hskip0.2em\ignorespaces\fi}% \normalfont\small \begin{multicols}{2}[\@makeschapterhead{\indexname}]% } {\end{multicols}}\renewcommand\footnoterule{% \kern-3\p@ \hrule\@width 2truecm \kern2.6\p@} \newdimen\fnindent \fnindent1em\long\def\@makefntext#1{% \parindent \fnindent% \leftskip \fnindent% \noindent \llap{\hb@xt@1em{\hss\@makefnmark\ }}\ignorespaces#1}\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{% \vskip\abovecaptionskip \sbox\@tempboxa{{\bfseries #1.} #2}% \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize {\bfseries #1.} #2\par \else \global \@minipagefalse \hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}% \fi \vskip\belowcaptionskip}\def\fps@figure{htbp}\def\fnum@figure{\figurename\thinspace\thefigure}\def \@floatboxreset {% \reset@font \small \@setnobreak \@setminipage}\def\fps@table{htbp}\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}\renewenvironment{table} {\setlength\abovecaptionskip{0\p@}% \setlength\belowcaptionskip{10\p@}% \@float{table}} {\end@float}\renewenvironment{table*} {\setlength\abovecaptionskip{0\p@}% \setlength\belowcaptionskip{10\p@}% \@dblfloat{table}} {\end@dblfloat}\long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\par\addcontentsline{\csname ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup \@parboxrestore \@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par \endgroup}% LaTeX does not provide a command to enter the authors institute% addresses. The \institute command is defined here.\newcounter{@inst}\newcounter{@auth}\newcounter{auco}\newdimen\instindent\newbox\authrun\newtoks\authorrunning\newtoks\tocauthor\newbox\titrun\newtoks\titlerunning\newtoks\toctitle\def\clearheadinfo{\gdef\@author{No Author Given}% \gdef\@title{No Title Given}% \gdef\@subtitle{}% \gdef\@institute{No Institute Given}% \gdef\@thanks{}% \global\titlerunning={}\global\authorrunning={}% \global\toctitle={}\global\tocauthor={}}\def\institute#1{\gdef\@institute{#1}}\def\institutename{\par \begingroup \parskip=\z@ \parindent=\z@ \setcounter{@inst}{1}% \def\and{\par\stepcounter{@inst}% \noindent$^{\the@inst}$\enspace\ignorespaces}% \setbox0=\vbox{\def\thanks##1{}\@institute}% \ifnum\c@@inst=1\relax \gdef\fnnstart{0}% \else \xdef\fnnstart{\c@@inst}% \setcounter{@inst}{1}% \noindent$^{\the@inst}$\enspace \fi \ignorespaces \@institute\par \endgroup}\def\@fnsymbol#1{\ensuremath{\ifcase#1\or\star\or{\star\star}\or {\star\star\star}\or \dagger\or \ddagger\or \mathchar "278\or \mathchar "27B\or \|\or **\or \dagger\dagger \or \ddagger\ddagger \else\@ctrerr\fi}}\def\inst#1{\unskip$^{#1}$}\def\fnmsep{\unskip$^,$}\def\email#1{{\tt#1}}\AtBeginDocument{\@ifundefined{url}{\def\url#1{#1}}{}%\@ifpackageloaded{babel}{%\@ifundefined{extrasenglish}{}{\addto\extrasenglish{\switcht@albion}}%\@ifundefined{extrasfrenchb}{}{\addto\extrasfrenchb{\switcht@francais}}%\@ifundefined{extrasgerman}{}{\addto\extrasgerman{\switcht@deutsch}}%}{\switcht@@therlang}%}\def\homedir{\~{ }}\def\subtitle#1{\gdef\@subtitle{#1}}\clearheadinfo\renewcommand\maketitle{\newpage \refstepcounter{chapter}% \stepcounter{section}% \setcounter{section}{0}% \setcounter{subsection}{0}% \setcounter{figure}{0} \setcounter{table}{0} \setcounter{equation}{0} \setcounter{footnote}{0}% \begingroup \parindent=\z@ \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}% \if@twocolumn \ifnum \col@number=\@ne \@maketitle \else \twocolumn[\@maketitle]% \fi \else \newpage \global\@topnum\z@ % Prevents figures from going at top of page. \@maketitle \fi \thispagestyle{empty}\@thanks% \def\\{\unskip\ \ignorespaces}\def\inst##1{\unskip{}}% \def\thanks##1{\unskip{}}\def\fnmsep{\unskip}% \instindent=\hsize \advance\instindent by-\headlineindent% \if!\the\toctitle!\addcontentsline{toc}{title}{\@title}\else% \addcontentsline{toc}{title}{\the\toctitle}\fi \if@runhead \if!\the\titlerunning!\else \edef\@title{\the\titlerunning}% \fi \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm\unboldmath\ignorespaces\@title}% \ifdim\wd\titrun>\instindent \typeout{Title too long for running head. Please supply}% \typeout{a shorter form with \string\titlerunning\space prior to \string\maketitle}% \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm Title Suppressed Due to Excessive Length}% \fi \xdef\@title{\copy\titrun}% \fi% \if!\the\tocauthor!\relax {\def\and{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\and}% \protected@xdef\toc@uthor{\@author}}% \else \def\\{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\newline}% \protected@xdef\scratch{\the\tocauthor}% \protected@xdef\toc@uthor{\scratch}% \fi% \addcontentsline{toc}{author}{\toc@uthor}% \if@runhead \if!\the\authorrunning! \value{@inst}=\value{@auth}% \setcounter{@auth}{1}% \else \edef\@author{\the\authorrunning}% \fi \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\unboldmath\@author\unskip}% \ifdim\wd\authrun>\instindent \typeout{Names of authors too long for running head. Please supply}% \typeout{a shorter form with \string\authorrunning\space prior to \string\maketitle}% \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\rm Authors Suppressed Due to Excessive Length}% \fi \xdef\@author{\copy\authrun}% \markboth{\@author}{\@title}% \fi \endgroup \setcounter{footnote}{\fnnstart}% \clearheadinfo}%\def\@maketitle{\newpage \markboth{}{}% \def\lastand{\ifnum\value{@inst}=2\relax \unskip{} \andname\ \else \unskip \lastandname\ \fi}% \def\and{\stepcounter{@auth}\relax \ifnum\value{@auth}=\value{@inst}% \lastand \else \unskip, \fi}% \begin{center}% \let\newline\\ {\Large \bfseries\boldmath \pretolerance=10000 \@title \par}\vskip .8cm\if!\@subtitle!\else {\large \bfseries\boldmath \vskip -.65cm \pretolerance=10000 \@subtitle \par}\vskip .8cm\fi \setbox0=\vbox{\setcounter{@auth}{1}\def\and{\stepcounter{@auth}}% \def\thanks##1{}\@author}% \global\value{@inst}=\value{@auth}% \global\value{auco}=\value{@auth}% \setcounter{@auth}{1}%{\lineskip .5em\noindent\ignorespaces\@author\vskip.35cm} {\small\institutename} \end{center}% }% definition of the "\spnewtheorem" command.%% Usage:%% \spnewtheorem{env_nam}{caption}[within]{cap_font}{body_font}% or \spnewtheorem{env_nam}[numbered_like]{caption}{cap_font}{body_font}% or \spnewtheorem*{env_nam}{caption}{cap_font}{body_font}%% New is "cap_font" and "body_font". It stands for% fontdefinition of the caption and the text itself.%% "\spnewtheorem*" gives a theorem without number.%% A defined spnewthoerem environment is used as described% by Lamport.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\def\@thmcountersep{}\def\@thmcounterend{.}\def\spnewtheorem{\@ifstar{\@sthm}{\@Sthm}}% definition of \spnewtheorem with number\def\@spnthm#1#2{% \@ifnextchar[{\@spxnthm{#1}{#2}}{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}}}\def\@Sthm#1{\@ifnextchar[{\@spothm{#1}}{\@spnthm{#1}}}\def\@spxnthm#1#2[#3]#4#5{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname {\@definecounter{#1}\@addtoreset{#1}{#3}% \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\expandafter\noexpand \csname the#3\endcsname \noexpand\@thmcountersep \@thmcounter{#1}}% \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}% \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#1}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#4}{#5}}% \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}\def\@spynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname {\@definecounter{#1}% \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@thmcounter{#1}}% \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}% \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#1}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#3}{#4}}% \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}\def\@spothm#1[#2]#3#4#5{% \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@latexerr{No theorem environment `#2' defined}\@eha}% {\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}% \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#3}% \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#2}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#4}{#5}}% \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}}\def\@spthm#1#2#3#4{\topsep 7\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@\refstepcounter{#1}%\@ifnextchar[{\@spythm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}{\@spxthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}}\def\@spxthm#1#2#3#4{\@spbegintheorem{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}{#4}% \ignorespaces}\def\@spythm#1#2#3#4[#5]{\@spopargbegintheorem{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#5}{#3}{#4}\ignorespaces}\def\@spbegintheorem#1#2#3#4{\trivlist \item[\hskip\labelsep{#3#1\ #2\@thmcounterend}]#4}\def\@spopargbegintheorem#1#2#3#4#5{\trivlist \item[\hskip\labelsep{#4#1\ #2}]{#4(#3)\@thmcounterend\ }#5}% definition of \spnewtheorem* without number\def\@sthm#1#2{\@Ynthm{#1}{#2}}\def\@Ynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname {\global\@namedef{#1}{\@Thm{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#3}{#4}}% \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}% \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}\def\@Thm#1#2#3{\topsep 7\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@\@ifnextchar[{\@Ythm{#1}{#2}{#3}}{\@Xthm{#1}{#2}{#3}}}\def\@Xthm#1#2#3{\@Begintheorem{#1}{#2}{#3}\ignorespaces}\def\@Ythm#1#2#3[#4]{\@Opargbegintheorem{#1} {#4}{#2}{#3}\ignorespaces}\def\@Begintheorem#1#2#3{#3\trivlist \item[\hskip\labelsep{#2#1\@thmcounterend}]}\def\@Opargbegintheorem#1#2#3#4{#4\trivlist \item[\hskip\labelsep{#3#1}]{#3(#2)\@thmcounterend\ }}\if@envcntsect \def\@thmcountersep{.} \spnewtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]{\bfseries}{\itshape}\else \spnewtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}{\bfseries}{\itshape} \if@envcntreset \@addtoreset{theorem}{section} \else \@addtoreset{theorem}{chapter} \fi\fi%definition of divers theorem environments\spnewtheorem*{claim}{Claim}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}\spnewtheorem*{proof}{Proof}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}\if@envcntsame % alle Umgebungen wie Theorem. \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spothm{#1}[theorem]{#2}{#3}{#4}}\else % alle Umgebungen mit eigenem Zaehler \if@envcntsect % mit section numeriert \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spxnthm{#1}{#2}[section]{#3}{#4}} \else % nicht mit section numeriert \if@envcntreset \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4} \@addtoreset{#1}{section}} \else \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4} \@addtoreset{#1}{chapter}}% \fi \fi\fi\spn@wtheorem{case}{Case}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}\spn@wtheorem{conjecture}{Conjecture}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}\spn@wtheorem{corollary}{Corollary}{\bfseries}{\itshape}\spn@wtheorem{definition}{Definition}{\bfseries}{\itshape}\spn@wtheorem{example}{Example}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}\spn@wtheorem{exercise}{Exercise}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}\spn@wtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}{\bfseries}{\itshape}\spn@wtheorem{note}{Note}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}\spn@wtheorem{problem}{Problem}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}\spn@wtheorem{property}{Property}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}\spn@wtheorem{proposition}{Proposition}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}\spn@wtheorem{question}{Question}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}\spn@wtheorem{solution}{Solution}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}\spn@wtheorem{remark}{Remark}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}\def\@takefromreset#1#2{% \def\@tempa{#1}% \let\@tempd\@elt \def\@elt##1{% \def\@tempb{##1}% \ifx\@tempa\@tempb\else \@addtoreset{##1}{#2}% \fi}% \expandafter\expandafter\let\expandafter\@tempc\csname cl@#2\endcsname \expandafter\def\csname cl@#2\endcsname{}% \@tempc \let\@elt\@tempd}\def\theopargself{\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##1\ ##2}]{##4##3\@thmcounterend\ }##5} \def\@Opargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{##4\trivlist \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##1}]{##3##2\@thmcounterend\ }} }\renewenvironment{abstract}{% \list{}{\advance\topsep by0.35cm\relax\small \leftmargin=1cm \labelwidth=\z@ \listparindent=\z@ \itemindent\listparindent \rightmargin\leftmargin}\item[\hskip\labelsep \bfseries\abstractname]} {\endlist}\newdimen\headlineindent % dimension for space between\headlineindent=1.166cm % number and text of headings.\def\ps@headings{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty \def\@evenhead{\normalfont\small\rlap{\thepage}\hspace{\headlineindent}% \leftmark\hfil} \def\@oddhead{\normalfont\small\hfil\rightmark\hspace{\headlineindent}% \llap{\thepage}} \def\chaptermark##1{}% \def\sectionmark##1{}% \def\subsectionmark##1{}}\def\ps@titlepage{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty \def\@evenhead{\normalfont\small\rlap{\thepage}\hspace{\headlineindent}% \hfil} \def\@oddhead{\normalfont\small\hfil\hspace{\headlineindent}% \llap{\thepage}} \def\chaptermark##1{}% \def\sectionmark##1{}% \def\subsectionmark##1{}}\if@runhead\ps@headings\else\ps@empty\fi\setlength\arraycolsep{1.4\p@}\setlength\tabcolsep{1.4\p@}\endinput%end of file llncs.cls