thys2/SizeBound4.thy
author Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
Tue, 25 Jan 2022 13:12:50 +0000
changeset 396 cc8e231529fb
parent 393 3954579ebdaf
child 397 e1b74d618f1b
permissions -rw-r--r--
added ITP paper


theory SizeBound4
  imports "Lexer" 
begin

section \<open>Bit-Encodings\<close>

datatype bit = Z | S

fun code :: "val \<Rightarrow> bit list"
where
  "code Void = []"
| "code (Char c) = []"
| "code (Left v) = Z # (code v)"
| "code (Right v) = S # (code v)"
| "code (Seq v1 v2) = (code v1) @ (code v2)"
| "code (Stars []) = [S]"
| "code (Stars (v # vs)) =  (Z # code v) @ code (Stars vs)"


fun 
  Stars_add :: "val \<Rightarrow> val \<Rightarrow> val"
where
  "Stars_add v (Stars vs) = Stars (v # vs)"

function
  decode' :: "bit list \<Rightarrow> rexp \<Rightarrow> (val * bit list)"
where
  "decode' ds ZERO = (Void, [])"
| "decode' ds ONE = (Void, ds)"
| "decode' ds (CH d) = (Char d, ds)"
| "decode' [] (ALT r1 r2) = (Void, [])"
| "decode' (Z # ds) (ALT r1 r2) = (let (v, ds') = decode' ds r1 in (Left v, ds'))"
| "decode' (S # ds) (ALT r1 r2) = (let (v, ds') = decode' ds r2 in (Right v, ds'))"
| "decode' ds (SEQ r1 r2) = (let (v1, ds') = decode' ds r1 in
                             let (v2, ds'') = decode' ds' r2 in (Seq v1 v2, ds''))"
| "decode' [] (STAR r) = (Void, [])"
| "decode' (S # ds) (STAR r) = (Stars [], ds)"
| "decode' (Z # ds) (STAR r) = (let (v, ds') = decode' ds r in
                                    let (vs, ds'') = decode' ds' (STAR r) 
                                    in (Stars_add v vs, ds''))"
by pat_completeness auto

lemma decode'_smaller:
  assumes "decode'_dom (ds, r)"
  shows "length (snd (decode' ds r)) \<le> length ds"
using assms
apply(induct ds r)
apply(auto simp add: decode'.psimps split: prod.split)
using dual_order.trans apply blast
by (meson dual_order.trans le_SucI)

termination "decode'"  
apply(relation "inv_image (measure(%cs. size cs) <*lex*> measure(%s. size s)) (%(ds,r). (r,ds))") 
apply(auto dest!: decode'_smaller)
by (metis less_Suc_eq_le snd_conv)

definition
  decode :: "bit list \<Rightarrow> rexp \<Rightarrow> val option"
where
  "decode ds r \<equiv> (let (v, ds') = decode' ds r 
                  in (if ds' = [] then Some v else None))"

lemma decode'_code_Stars:
  assumes "\<forall>v\<in>set vs. \<Turnstile> v : r \<and> (\<forall>x. decode' (code v @ x) r = (v, x)) \<and> flat v \<noteq> []" 
  shows "decode' (code (Stars vs) @ ds) (STAR r) = (Stars vs, ds)"
  using assms
  apply(induct vs)
  apply(auto)
  done

lemma decode'_code:
  assumes "\<Turnstile> v : r"
  shows "decode' ((code v) @ ds) r = (v, ds)"
using assms
  apply(induct v r arbitrary: ds) 
  apply(auto)
  using decode'_code_Stars by blast

lemma decode_code:
  assumes "\<Turnstile> v : r"
  shows "decode (code v) r = Some v"
  using assms unfolding decode_def
  by (smt append_Nil2 decode'_code old.prod.case)


section {* Annotated Regular Expressions *}

datatype arexp = 
  AZERO
| AONE "bit list"
| ACHAR "bit list" char
| ASEQ "bit list" arexp arexp
| AALTs "bit list" "arexp list"
| ASTAR "bit list" arexp

abbreviation
  "AALT bs r1 r2 \<equiv> AALTs bs [r1, r2]"

fun asize :: "arexp \<Rightarrow> nat" where
  "asize AZERO = 1"
| "asize (AONE cs) = 1" 
| "asize (ACHAR cs c) = 1"
| "asize (AALTs cs rs) = Suc (sum_list (map asize rs))"
| "asize (ASEQ cs r1 r2) = Suc (asize r1 + asize r2)"
| "asize (ASTAR cs r) = Suc (asize r)"

fun 
  erase :: "arexp \<Rightarrow> rexp"
where
  "erase AZERO = ZERO"
| "erase (AONE _) = ONE"
| "erase (ACHAR _ c) = CH c"
| "erase (AALTs _ []) = ZERO"
| "erase (AALTs _ [r]) = (erase r)"
| "erase (AALTs bs (r#rs)) = ALT (erase r) (erase (AALTs bs rs))"
| "erase (ASEQ _ r1 r2) = SEQ (erase r1) (erase r2)"
| "erase (ASTAR _ r) = STAR (erase r)"


fun fuse :: "bit list \<Rightarrow> arexp \<Rightarrow> arexp" where
  "fuse bs AZERO = AZERO"
| "fuse bs (AONE cs) = AONE (bs @ cs)" 
| "fuse bs (ACHAR cs c) = ACHAR (bs @ cs) c"
| "fuse bs (AALTs cs rs) = AALTs (bs @ cs) rs"
| "fuse bs (ASEQ cs r1 r2) = ASEQ (bs @ cs) r1 r2"
| "fuse bs (ASTAR cs r) = ASTAR (bs @ cs) r"

lemma fuse_append:
  shows "fuse (bs1 @ bs2) r = fuse bs1 (fuse bs2 r)"
  apply(induct r)
  apply(auto)
  done

lemma fuse_Nil:
  shows "fuse [] r = r"
  by (induct r)(simp_all)

(*
lemma map_fuse_Nil:
  shows "map (fuse []) rs = rs"
  by (induct rs)(simp_all add: fuse_Nil)
*)

fun intern :: "rexp \<Rightarrow> arexp" where
  "intern ZERO = AZERO"
| "intern ONE = AONE []"
| "intern (CH c) = ACHAR [] c"
| "intern (ALT r1 r2) = AALT [] (fuse [Z] (intern r1)) 
                                (fuse [S]  (intern r2))"
| "intern (SEQ r1 r2) = ASEQ [] (intern r1) (intern r2)"
| "intern (STAR r) = ASTAR [] (intern r)"


fun retrieve :: "arexp \<Rightarrow> val \<Rightarrow> bit list" where
  "retrieve (AONE bs) Void = bs"
| "retrieve (ACHAR bs c) (Char d) = bs"
| "retrieve (AALTs bs [r]) v = bs @ retrieve r v" 
| "retrieve (AALTs bs (r#rs)) (Left v) = bs @ retrieve r v"
| "retrieve (AALTs bs (r#rs)) (Right v) = bs @ retrieve (AALTs [] rs) v"
| "retrieve (ASEQ bs r1 r2) (Seq v1 v2) = bs @ retrieve r1 v1 @ retrieve r2 v2"
| "retrieve (ASTAR bs r) (Stars []) = bs @ [S]"
| "retrieve (ASTAR bs r) (Stars (v#vs)) = 
     bs @ [Z] @ retrieve r v @ retrieve (ASTAR [] r) (Stars vs)"



fun
 bnullable :: "arexp \<Rightarrow> bool"
where
  "bnullable (AZERO) = False"
| "bnullable (AONE bs) = True"
| "bnullable (ACHAR bs c) = False"
| "bnullable (AALTs bs rs) = (\<exists>r \<in> set rs. bnullable r)"
| "bnullable (ASEQ bs r1 r2) = (bnullable r1 \<and> bnullable r2)"
| "bnullable (ASTAR bs r) = True"

abbreviation
  bnullables :: "arexp list \<Rightarrow> bool"
where
  "bnullables rs \<equiv> (\<exists>r \<in> set rs. bnullable r)"

fun 
  bmkeps :: "arexp \<Rightarrow> bit list" and
  bmkepss :: "arexp list \<Rightarrow> bit list"
where
  "bmkeps(AONE bs) = bs"
| "bmkeps(ASEQ bs r1 r2) = bs @ (bmkeps r1) @ (bmkeps r2)"
| "bmkeps(AALTs bs rs) = bs @ (bmkepss rs)"
| "bmkeps(ASTAR bs r) = bs @ [S]"
| "bmkepss [] = []"
| "bmkepss (r # rs) = (if bnullable(r) then (bmkeps r) else (bmkepss rs))"

lemma bmkepss1:
  assumes "\<not> bnullables rs1"
  shows "bmkepss (rs1 @ rs2) = bmkepss rs2"
  using assms
  by (induct rs1) (auto)

lemma bmkepss2:
  assumes "bnullables rs1"
  shows "bmkepss (rs1 @ rs2) = bmkepss rs1"
  using assms
  by (induct rs1) (auto)


fun
 bder :: "char \<Rightarrow> arexp \<Rightarrow> arexp"
where
  "bder c (AZERO) = AZERO"
| "bder c (AONE bs) = AZERO"
| "bder c (ACHAR bs d) = (if c = d then AONE bs else AZERO)"
| "bder c (AALTs bs rs) = AALTs bs (map (bder c) rs)"
| "bder c (ASEQ bs r1 r2) = 
     (if bnullable r1
      then AALT bs (ASEQ [] (bder c r1) r2) (fuse (bmkeps r1) (bder c r2))
      else ASEQ bs (bder c r1) r2)"
| "bder c (ASTAR bs r) = ASEQ bs (fuse [Z] (bder c r)) (ASTAR [] r)"


fun 
  bders :: "arexp \<Rightarrow> string \<Rightarrow> arexp"
where
  "bders r [] = r"
| "bders r (c#s) = bders (bder c r) s"

lemma bders_append:
  "bders r (s1 @ s2) = bders (bders r s1) s2"
  apply(induct s1 arbitrary: r s2)
  apply(simp_all)
  done

lemma bnullable_correctness:
  shows "nullable (erase r) = bnullable r"
  apply(induct r rule: erase.induct)
  apply(simp_all)
  done

lemma erase_fuse:
  shows "erase (fuse bs r) = erase r"
  apply(induct r rule: erase.induct)
  apply(simp_all)
  done

lemma erase_intern [simp]:
  shows "erase (intern r) = r"
  apply(induct r)
  apply(simp_all add: erase_fuse)
  done

lemma erase_bder [simp]:
  shows "erase (bder a r) = der a (erase r)"
  apply(induct r rule: erase.induct)
  apply(simp_all add: erase_fuse bnullable_correctness)
  done

lemma erase_bders [simp]:
  shows "erase (bders r s) = ders s (erase r)"
  apply(induct s arbitrary: r )
  apply(simp_all)
  done

lemma bnullable_fuse:
  shows "bnullable (fuse bs r) = bnullable r"
  apply(induct r arbitrary: bs)
  apply(auto)
  done

lemma retrieve_encode_STARS:
  assumes "\<forall>v\<in>set vs. \<Turnstile> v : r \<and> code v = retrieve (intern r) v"
  shows "code (Stars vs) = retrieve (ASTAR [] (intern r)) (Stars vs)"
  using assms
  apply(induct vs)
  apply(simp_all)
  done


lemma retrieve_fuse2:
  assumes "\<Turnstile> v : (erase r)"
  shows "retrieve (fuse bs r) v = bs @ retrieve r v"
  using assms
  apply(induct r arbitrary: v bs)
         apply(auto elim: Prf_elims)[4]
   defer
  using retrieve_encode_STARS
   apply(auto elim!: Prf_elims)[1]
   apply(case_tac vs)
    apply(simp)
   apply(simp)
  (* AALTs  case *)
  apply(simp)
  apply(case_tac x2a)
   apply(simp)
   apply(auto elim!: Prf_elims)[1]
  apply(simp)
   apply(case_tac list)
   apply(simp)
  apply(auto)
  apply(auto elim!: Prf_elims)[1]
  done

lemma retrieve_fuse:
  assumes "\<Turnstile> v : r"
  shows "retrieve (fuse bs (intern r)) v = bs @ retrieve (intern r) v"
  using assms 
  by (simp_all add: retrieve_fuse2)


lemma retrieve_code:
  assumes "\<Turnstile> v : r"
  shows "code v = retrieve (intern r) v"
  using assms
  apply(induct v r )
  apply(simp_all add: retrieve_fuse retrieve_encode_STARS)
  done

(*
lemma bnullable_Hdbmkeps_Hd:
  assumes "bnullable a" 
  shows  "bmkeps (AALTs bs (a # rs)) = bs @ (bmkeps a)"
  using assms by simp
*)


lemma r2:
  assumes "x \<in> set rs" "bnullable x"
  shows "bnullable (AALTs bs rs)"
  using assms
  apply(induct rs)
   apply(auto)
  done

lemma  r3:
  assumes "\<not> bnullable r" 
          "bnullables rs"
  shows "retrieve (AALTs bs rs) (mkeps (erase (AALTs bs rs))) =
         retrieve (AALTs bs (r # rs)) (mkeps (erase (AALTs bs (r # rs))))"
  using assms
  apply(induct rs arbitrary: r bs)
   apply(auto)[1]
  apply(auto)
  using bnullable_correctness apply blast
    apply(auto simp add: bnullable_correctness mkeps_nullable retrieve_fuse2)
   apply(subst retrieve_fuse2[symmetric])
  apply (smt bnullable.simps(4) bnullable_correctness erase.simps(5) erase.simps(6) insert_iff list.exhaust list.set(2) mkeps.simps(3) mkeps_nullable)
   apply(simp)
  apply(case_tac "bnullable a")
  apply (smt append_Nil2 bnullable.simps(4) bnullable_correctness erase.simps(5) erase.simps(6) fuse.simps(4) insert_iff list.exhaust list.set(2) mkeps.simps(3) mkeps_nullable retrieve_fuse2)
  apply(drule_tac x="a" in meta_spec)
  apply(drule_tac x="bs" in meta_spec)
  apply(drule meta_mp)
   apply(simp)
  apply(drule meta_mp)
   apply(auto)
  apply(subst retrieve_fuse2[symmetric])
  apply(case_tac rs)
    apply(simp)
   apply(auto)[1]
      apply (simp add: bnullable_correctness)
  
  apply (metis append_Nil2 bnullable_correctness erase_fuse fuse.simps(4) list.set_intros(1) mkeps.simps(3) mkeps_nullable nullable.simps(4) r2)
    apply (simp add: bnullable_correctness)
  apply (metis append_Nil2 bnullable_correctness erase.simps(6) erase_fuse fuse.simps(4) list.set_intros(2) mkeps.simps(3) mkeps_nullable r2)
  apply(simp)
  done

lemma t: 
  assumes "\<forall>r \<in> set rs. bnullable r \<longrightarrow> bmkeps r = retrieve r (mkeps (erase r))" 
          "bnullables rs"
  shows "bs @ bmkepss rs = retrieve (AALTs bs rs) (mkeps (erase (AALTs bs rs)))"
 using assms
  apply(induct rs arbitrary: bs)
  apply(auto)
  apply (metis (no_types, opaque_lifting) bmkepss.cases bnullable_correctness erase.simps(5) erase.simps(6) mkeps.simps(3) retrieve.simps(3) retrieve.simps(4))
  apply (metis r3)
  apply (metis (no_types, lifting) bmkepss.cases bnullable_correctness empty_iff erase.simps(6) list.set(1) mkeps.simps(3) retrieve.simps(4))
  apply (metis r3)
  done
      
lemma bmkeps_retrieve:
  assumes "bnullable r"
  shows "bmkeps r = retrieve r (mkeps (erase r))"
  using assms
  apply(induct r)
  apply(auto)
  using t by auto

lemma bder_retrieve:
  assumes "\<Turnstile> v : der c (erase r)"
  shows "retrieve (bder c r) v = retrieve r (injval (erase r) c v)"
  using assms  
  apply(induct r arbitrary: v rule: erase.induct)
         apply(simp)
         apply(erule Prf_elims)
        apply(simp)
        apply(erule Prf_elims) 
        apply(simp)
      apply(case_tac "c = ca")
       apply(simp)
       apply(erule Prf_elims)
       apply(simp)
      apply(simp)
       apply(erule Prf_elims)
  apply(simp)
      apply(erule Prf_elims)
     apply(simp)
    apply(simp)
  apply(rename_tac "r\<^sub>1" "r\<^sub>2" rs v)
    apply(erule Prf_elims)
     apply(simp)
    apply(simp)
    apply(case_tac rs)
     apply(simp)
    apply(simp)
  apply (smt Prf_elims(3) injval.simps(2) injval.simps(3) retrieve.simps(4) retrieve.simps(5) same_append_eq)
   apply(simp)
   apply(case_tac "nullable (erase r1)")
    apply(simp)
  apply(erule Prf_elims)
     apply(subgoal_tac "bnullable r1")
  prefer 2
  using bnullable_correctness apply blast
    apply(simp)
     apply(erule Prf_elims)
     apply(simp)
   apply(subgoal_tac "bnullable r1")
  prefer 2
  using bnullable_correctness apply blast
    apply(simp)
    apply(simp add: retrieve_fuse2)
    apply(simp add: bmkeps_retrieve)
   apply(simp)
   apply(erule Prf_elims)
   apply(simp)
  using bnullable_correctness apply blast
  apply(rename_tac bs r v)
  apply(simp)
  apply(erule Prf_elims)
     apply(clarify)
  apply(erule Prf_elims)
  apply(clarify)
  apply(subst injval.simps)
  apply(simp del: retrieve.simps)
  apply(subst retrieve.simps)
  apply(subst retrieve.simps)
  apply(simp)
  apply(simp add: retrieve_fuse2)
  done
  


lemma MAIN_decode:
  assumes "\<Turnstile> v : ders s r"
  shows "Some (flex r id s v) = decode (retrieve (bders (intern r) s) v) r"
  using assms
proof (induct s arbitrary: v rule: rev_induct)
  case Nil
  have "\<Turnstile> v : ders [] r" by fact
  then have "\<Turnstile> v : r" by simp
  then have "Some v = decode (retrieve (intern r) v) r"
    using decode_code retrieve_code by auto
  then show "Some (flex r id [] v) = decode (retrieve (bders (intern r) []) v) r"
    by simp
next
  case (snoc c s v)
  have IH: "\<And>v. \<Turnstile> v : ders s r \<Longrightarrow> 
     Some (flex r id s v) = decode (retrieve (bders (intern r) s) v) r" by fact
  have asm: "\<Turnstile> v : ders (s @ [c]) r" by fact
  then have asm2: "\<Turnstile> injval (ders s r) c v : ders s r" 
    by (simp add: Prf_injval ders_append)
  have "Some (flex r id (s @ [c]) v) = Some (flex r id s (injval (ders s r) c v))"
    by (simp add: flex_append)
  also have "... = decode (retrieve (bders (intern r) s) (injval (ders s r) c v)) r"
    using asm2 IH by simp
  also have "... = decode (retrieve (bder c (bders (intern r) s)) v) r"
    using asm by (simp_all add: bder_retrieve ders_append)
  finally show "Some (flex r id (s @ [c]) v) = 
                 decode (retrieve (bders (intern r) (s @ [c])) v) r" by (simp add: bders_append)
qed

definition blexer where
 "blexer r s \<equiv> if bnullable (bders (intern r) s) then 
                decode (bmkeps (bders (intern r) s)) r else None"

lemma blexer_correctness:
  shows "blexer r s = lexer r s"
proof -
  { define bds where "bds \<equiv> bders (intern r) s"
    define ds  where "ds \<equiv> ders s r"
    assume asm: "nullable ds"
    have era: "erase bds = ds" 
      unfolding ds_def bds_def by simp
    have mke: "\<Turnstile> mkeps ds : ds"
      using asm by (simp add: mkeps_nullable)
    have "decode (bmkeps bds) r = decode (retrieve bds (mkeps ds)) r"
      using bmkeps_retrieve
      using asm era
      using bnullable_correctness by force 
    also have "... =  Some (flex r id s (mkeps ds))"
      using mke by (simp_all add: MAIN_decode ds_def bds_def)
    finally have "decode (bmkeps bds) r = Some (flex r id s (mkeps ds))" 
      unfolding bds_def ds_def .
  }
  then show "blexer r s = lexer r s"
    unfolding blexer_def lexer_flex
    by (auto simp add: bnullable_correctness[symmetric])
qed


fun distinctBy :: "'a list \<Rightarrow> ('a \<Rightarrow> 'b) \<Rightarrow> 'b set \<Rightarrow> 'a list"
  where
  "distinctBy [] f acc = []"
| "distinctBy (x#xs) f acc = 
     (if (f x) \<in> acc then distinctBy xs f acc 
      else x # (distinctBy xs f ({f x} \<union> acc)))"

 

fun flts :: "arexp list \<Rightarrow> arexp list"
  where 
  "flts [] = []"
| "flts (AZERO # rs) = flts rs"
| "flts ((AALTs bs  rs1) # rs) = (map (fuse bs) rs1) @ flts rs"
| "flts (r1 # rs) = r1 # flts rs"



fun bsimp_ASEQ :: "bit list \<Rightarrow> arexp \<Rightarrow> arexp \<Rightarrow> arexp"
  where
  "bsimp_ASEQ _ AZERO _ = AZERO"
| "bsimp_ASEQ _ _ AZERO = AZERO"
| "bsimp_ASEQ bs1 (AONE bs2) r2 = fuse (bs1 @ bs2) r2"
| "bsimp_ASEQ bs1 r1 r2 = ASEQ  bs1 r1 r2"

lemma bsimp_ASEQ0[simp]:
  shows "bsimp_ASEQ bs r1 AZERO = AZERO"
  by (case_tac r1)(simp_all)

lemma bsimp_ASEQ1:
  assumes "r1 \<noteq> AZERO" "r2 \<noteq> AZERO" "\<nexists>bs. r1 = AONE bs"
  shows "bsimp_ASEQ bs r1 r2 = ASEQ bs r1 r2"
  using assms
  apply(induct bs r1 r2 rule: bsimp_ASEQ.induct)
  apply(auto)
  done

lemma bsimp_ASEQ2[simp]:
  shows "bsimp_ASEQ bs1 (AONE bs2) r2 = fuse (bs1 @ bs2) r2"
  by (case_tac r2) (simp_all)


fun bsimp_AALTs :: "bit list \<Rightarrow> arexp list \<Rightarrow> arexp"
  where
  "bsimp_AALTs _ [] = AZERO"
| "bsimp_AALTs bs1 [r] = fuse bs1 r"
| "bsimp_AALTs bs1 rs = AALTs bs1 rs"


fun bsimp :: "arexp \<Rightarrow> arexp" 
  where
  "bsimp (ASEQ bs1 r1 r2) = bsimp_ASEQ bs1 (bsimp r1) (bsimp r2)"
| "bsimp (AALTs bs1 rs) = bsimp_AALTs bs1 (distinctBy (flts (map bsimp rs)) erase {}) "
| "bsimp r = r"


fun 
  bders_simp :: "arexp \<Rightarrow> string \<Rightarrow> arexp"
where
  "bders_simp r [] = r"
| "bders_simp r (c # s) = bders_simp (bsimp (bder c r)) s"

definition blexer_simp where
 "blexer_simp r s \<equiv> if bnullable (bders_simp (intern r) s) then 
                    decode (bmkeps (bders_simp (intern r) s)) r else None"



lemma bders_simp_append:
  shows "bders_simp r (s1 @ s2) = bders_simp (bders_simp r s1) s2"
  apply(induct s1 arbitrary: r s2)
  apply(simp_all)
  done

lemma L_bsimp_ASEQ:
  "L (erase (ASEQ bs r1 r2)) = L (erase (bsimp_ASEQ bs r1 r2))"
  apply(induct bs r1 r2 rule: bsimp_ASEQ.induct)
  apply(simp_all)
  by (metis erase_fuse fuse.simps(4))

lemma L_bsimp_AALTs:
  "L (erase (AALTs bs rs)) = L (erase (bsimp_AALTs bs rs))"
  apply(induct bs rs rule: bsimp_AALTs.induct)
  apply(simp_all add: erase_fuse)
  done

lemma L_erase_AALTs:
  shows "L (erase (AALTs bs rs)) = \<Union> (L ` erase ` (set rs))"
  apply(induct rs)
   apply(simp)
  apply(simp)
  apply(case_tac rs)
   apply(simp)
  apply(simp)
  done

lemma L_erase_flts:
  shows "\<Union> (L ` erase ` (set (flts rs))) = \<Union> (L ` erase ` (set rs))"
  apply(induct rs rule: flts.induct)
  apply(simp_all)
  apply(auto)
  using L_erase_AALTs erase_fuse apply auto[1]
  by (simp add: L_erase_AALTs erase_fuse)

lemma L_erase_dB_acc:
  shows "(\<Union> (L ` acc) \<union> (\<Union> (L ` erase ` (set (distinctBy rs erase acc))))) 
            = \<Union> (L ` acc) \<union>  \<Union> (L ` erase ` (set rs))"
  apply(induction rs arbitrary: acc)
  apply simp_all
  by (smt (z3) SUP_absorb UN_insert sup_assoc sup_commute)


lemma L_erase_dB:
  shows "(\<Union> (L ` erase ` (set (distinctBy rs erase {})))) = \<Union> (L ` erase ` (set rs))"
  by (metis L_erase_dB_acc Un_commute Union_image_empty)

lemma L_bsimp_erase:
  shows "L (erase r) = L (erase (bsimp r))"
  apply(induct r)
  apply(simp)
  apply(simp)
  apply(simp)
  apply(auto simp add: Sequ_def)[1]
  apply(subst L_bsimp_ASEQ[symmetric])
  apply(auto simp add: Sequ_def)[1]
  apply(subst (asm)  L_bsimp_ASEQ[symmetric])
  apply(auto simp add: Sequ_def)[1]
  apply(simp)
  apply(subst L_bsimp_AALTs[symmetric])
  defer
  apply(simp)
  apply(subst (2)L_erase_AALTs)  
  apply(subst L_erase_dB)
  apply(subst L_erase_flts)
  apply (simp add: L_erase_AALTs)
  done

lemma L_bders_simp:
  shows "L (erase (bders_simp r s)) = L (erase (bders r s))"
  apply(induct s arbitrary: r rule: rev_induct)
  apply(simp)
  apply(simp)
  apply(simp add: ders_append)
  apply(simp add: bders_simp_append)
  apply(simp add: L_bsimp_erase[symmetric])
  by (simp add: der_correctness)


lemma bmkeps_fuse:
  assumes "bnullable r"
  shows "bmkeps (fuse bs r) = bs @ bmkeps r"
  by (metis assms bmkeps_retrieve bnullable_correctness erase_fuse mkeps_nullable retrieve_fuse2)

lemma bmkepss_fuse: 
  assumes "bnullables rs"
  shows "bmkepss (map (fuse bs) rs) = bs @ bmkepss rs"
  using assms
  apply(induct rs arbitrary: bs)
  apply(auto simp add: bmkeps_fuse bnullable_fuse)
  done


lemma b4:
  shows "bnullable (bders_simp r s) = bnullable (bders r s)"
proof -
  have "L (erase (bders_simp r s)) = L (erase (bders r s))"
    using L_bders_simp by force
  then show "bnullable (bders_simp r s) = bnullable (bders r s)"
    using bnullable_correctness nullable_correctness by blast
qed


lemma bder_fuse:
  shows "bder c (fuse bs a) = fuse bs  (bder c a)"
  apply(induct a arbitrary: bs c)
       apply(simp_all)
  done




inductive 
  rrewrite:: "arexp \<Rightarrow> arexp \<Rightarrow> bool" ("_ \<leadsto> _" [99, 99] 99)
and 
  srewrite:: "arexp list \<Rightarrow> arexp list \<Rightarrow> bool" (" _ s\<leadsto> _" [100, 100] 100)
where
  bs1: "ASEQ bs AZERO r2 \<leadsto> AZERO"
| bs2: "ASEQ bs r1 AZERO \<leadsto> AZERO"
| bs3: "ASEQ bs1 (AONE bs2) r \<leadsto> fuse (bs1@bs2) r"
| bs4: "r1 \<leadsto> r2 \<Longrightarrow> ASEQ bs r1 r3 \<leadsto> ASEQ bs r2 r3"
| bs5: "r3 \<leadsto> r4 \<Longrightarrow> ASEQ bs r1 r3 \<leadsto> ASEQ bs r1 r4"
| bs6: "AALTs bs [] \<leadsto> AZERO"
| bs7: "AALTs bs [r] \<leadsto> fuse bs r"
| bs10: "rs1 s\<leadsto> rs2 \<Longrightarrow> AALTs bs rs1 \<leadsto> AALTs bs rs2"
| ss1:  "[] s\<leadsto> []"
| ss2:  "rs1 s\<leadsto> rs2 \<Longrightarrow> (r # rs1) s\<leadsto> (r # rs2)"
| ss3:  "r1 \<leadsto> r2 \<Longrightarrow> (r1 # rs) s\<leadsto> (r2 # rs)"
| ss4:  "(AZERO # rs) s\<leadsto> rs"
| ss5:  "(AALTs bs1 rs1 # rsb) s\<leadsto> ((map (fuse bs1) rs1) @ rsb)"
| ss6:  "erase a1 = erase a2 \<Longrightarrow> (rsa@[a1]@rsb@[a2]@rsc) s\<leadsto> (rsa@[a1]@rsb@rsc)"


inductive 
  rrewrites:: "arexp \<Rightarrow> arexp \<Rightarrow> bool" ("_ \<leadsto>* _" [100, 100] 100)
where 
  rs1[intro, simp]:"r \<leadsto>* r"
| rs2[intro]: "\<lbrakk>r1 \<leadsto>* r2; r2 \<leadsto> r3\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> r1 \<leadsto>* r3"

inductive 
  srewrites:: "arexp list \<Rightarrow> arexp list \<Rightarrow> bool" ("_ s\<leadsto>* _" [100, 100] 100)
where 
  sss1[intro, simp]:"rs s\<leadsto>* rs"
| sss2[intro]: "\<lbrakk>rs1 s\<leadsto> rs2; rs2 s\<leadsto>* rs3\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> rs1 s\<leadsto>* rs3"


lemma r_in_rstar: 
  shows "r1 \<leadsto> r2 \<Longrightarrow> r1 \<leadsto>* r2"
  using rrewrites.intros(1) rrewrites.intros(2) by blast

lemma srewrites_single : 
  shows "rs1 s\<leadsto> rs2 \<Longrightarrow> rs1 s\<leadsto>* rs2"
  using rrewrites.intros(1) rrewrites.intros(2) by blast
 

lemma rrewrites_trans[trans]: 
  assumes a1: "r1 \<leadsto>* r2"  and a2: "r2 \<leadsto>* r3"
  shows "r1 \<leadsto>* r3"
  using a2 a1
  apply(induct r2 r3 arbitrary: r1 rule: rrewrites.induct) 
  apply(auto)
  done

lemma srewrites_trans[trans]: 
  assumes a1: "r1 s\<leadsto>* r2"  and a2: "r2 s\<leadsto>* r3"
  shows "r1 s\<leadsto>* r3"
  using a1 a2
  apply(induct r1 r2 arbitrary: r3 rule: srewrites.induct) 
   apply(auto)
  done



lemma contextrewrites0: 
  "rs1 s\<leadsto>* rs2 \<Longrightarrow> AALTs bs rs1 \<leadsto>* AALTs bs rs2"
  apply(induct rs1 rs2 rule: srewrites.inducts)
   apply simp
  using bs10 r_in_rstar rrewrites_trans by blast

lemma contextrewrites1: 
  "r \<leadsto>* r' \<Longrightarrow> AALTs bs (r # rs) \<leadsto>* AALTs bs (r' # rs)"
  apply(induct r r' rule: rrewrites.induct)
   apply simp
  using bs10 ss3 by blast

lemma srewrite1: 
  shows "rs1 s\<leadsto> rs2 \<Longrightarrow> (rs @ rs1) s\<leadsto> (rs @ rs2)"
  apply(induct rs)
   apply(auto)
  using ss2 by auto

lemma srewrites1: 
  shows "rs1 s\<leadsto>* rs2 \<Longrightarrow> (rs @ rs1) s\<leadsto>* (rs @ rs2)"
  apply(induct rs1 rs2 rule: srewrites.induct)
   apply(auto)
  using srewrite1 by blast

lemma srewrite2: 
  shows  "r1 \<leadsto> r2 \<Longrightarrow> True"
  and "rs1 s\<leadsto> rs2 \<Longrightarrow> (rs1 @ rs) s\<leadsto>* (rs2 @ rs)"
  apply(induct rule: rrewrite_srewrite.inducts)
               apply(auto)
     apply (metis append_Cons append_Nil srewrites1)
    apply(meson srewrites.simps ss3)
  apply (meson srewrites.simps ss4)
  apply (meson srewrites.simps ss5)
  by (metis append_Cons append_Nil srewrites.simps ss6)
  

lemma srewrites3: 
  shows "rs1 s\<leadsto>* rs2 \<Longrightarrow> (rs1 @ rs) s\<leadsto>* (rs2 @ rs)"
  apply(induct rs1 rs2 arbitrary: rs rule: srewrites.induct)
   apply(auto)
  by (meson srewrite2(2) srewrites_trans)

(*
lemma srewrites4:
  assumes "rs3 s\<leadsto>* rs4" "rs1 s\<leadsto>* rs2" 
  shows "(rs1 @ rs3) s\<leadsto>* (rs2 @ rs4)"
  using assms
  apply(induct rs3 rs4 arbitrary: rs1 rs2 rule: srewrites.induct)
  apply (simp add: srewrites3)
  using srewrite1 by blast
*)

lemma srewrites6:
  assumes "r1 \<leadsto>* r2" 
  shows "[r1] s\<leadsto>* [r2]"
  using assms
  apply(induct r1 r2 rule: rrewrites.induct)
   apply(auto)
  by (meson srewrites.simps srewrites_trans ss3)

lemma srewrites7:
  assumes "rs3 s\<leadsto>* rs4" "r1 \<leadsto>* r2" 
  shows "(r1 # rs3) s\<leadsto>* (r2 # rs4)"
  using assms
  by (smt (verit, best) append_Cons append_Nil srewrites1 srewrites3 srewrites6 srewrites_trans)

lemma ss6_stronger_aux:
  shows "(rs1 @ rs2) s\<leadsto>* (rs1 @ distinctBy rs2 erase (set (map erase rs1)))"
  apply(induct rs2 arbitrary: rs1)
   apply(auto)
  apply (smt (verit, best) append.assoc append.right_neutral append_Cons append_Nil split_list srewrite2(2) srewrites_trans ss6)
  apply(drule_tac x="rs1 @ [a]" in meta_spec)
  apply(simp)
  done

lemma ss6_stronger:
  shows "rs1 s\<leadsto>* distinctBy rs1 erase {}"
  using ss6_stronger_aux[of "[]" _] by auto


lemma rewrite_preserves_fuse: 
  shows "r2 \<leadsto> r3 \<Longrightarrow> fuse bs r2 \<leadsto> fuse bs r3"
  and   "rs2 s\<leadsto> rs3 \<Longrightarrow> map (fuse bs) rs2 s\<leadsto>* map (fuse bs) rs3"
proof(induct rule: rrewrite_srewrite.inducts)
  case (bs3 bs1 bs2 r)
  then show ?case
    by (metis fuse.simps(5) fuse_append rrewrite_srewrite.bs3) 
next
  case (bs7 bs r)
  then show ?case
    by (metis fuse.simps(4) fuse_append rrewrite_srewrite.bs7) 
next
  case (ss2 rs1 rs2 r)
  then show ?case
    using srewrites7 by force 
next
  case (ss3 r1 r2 rs)
  then show ?case by (simp add: r_in_rstar srewrites7)
next
  case (ss5 bs1 rs1 rsb)
  then show ?case 
    apply(simp)
    by (metis (mono_tags, lifting) comp_def fuse_append map_eq_conv rrewrite_srewrite.ss5 srewrites.simps)
next
  case (ss6 a1 a2 rsa rsb rsc)
  then show ?case 
    apply(simp)
    apply(rule srewrites_single)
    apply(rule rrewrite_srewrite.ss6[simplified])
    apply(simp add: erase_fuse)
    done
 qed (auto intro: rrewrite_srewrite.intros)


lemma rewrites_fuse:  
  assumes "r1 \<leadsto>* r2"
  shows "fuse bs r1 \<leadsto>* fuse bs r2"
using assms
apply(induction r1 r2 arbitrary: bs rule: rrewrites.induct)
apply(auto intro: rewrite_preserves_fuse rrewrites_trans)
done


lemma star_seq:  
  assumes "r1 \<leadsto>* r2"
  shows "ASEQ bs r1 r3 \<leadsto>* ASEQ bs r2 r3"
using assms
apply(induct r1 r2 arbitrary: r3 rule: rrewrites.induct)
apply(auto intro: rrewrite_srewrite.intros)
done

lemma star_seq2:  
  assumes "r3 \<leadsto>* r4"
  shows "ASEQ bs r1 r3 \<leadsto>* ASEQ bs r1 r4"
  using assms
apply(induct r3 r4 arbitrary: r1 rule: rrewrites.induct)
apply(auto intro: rrewrite_srewrite.intros)
done

lemma continuous_rewrite: 
  assumes "r1 \<leadsto>* AZERO"
  shows "ASEQ bs1 r1 r2 \<leadsto>* AZERO"
using assms bs1 star_seq by blast

(*
lemma continuous_rewrite2: 
  assumes "r1 \<leadsto>* AONE bs"
  shows "ASEQ bs1 r1 r2 \<leadsto>* (fuse (bs1 @ bs) r2)"
  using assms  by (meson bs3 rrewrites.simps star_seq)
*)

lemma bsimp_aalts_simpcases: 
  shows "AONE bs \<leadsto>* bsimp (AONE bs)"  
  and   "AZERO \<leadsto>* bsimp AZERO" 
  and   "ACHAR bs c \<leadsto>* bsimp (ACHAR bs c)"
  by (simp_all)

lemma bsimp_AALTs_rewrites: 
  shows "AALTs bs1 rs \<leadsto>* bsimp_AALTs bs1 rs"
  by (smt (verit) bs6 bs7 bsimp_AALTs.elims rrewrites.simps)

lemma trivialbsimp_srewrites: 
  "\<lbrakk>\<And>x. x \<in> set rs \<Longrightarrow> x \<leadsto>* f x \<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> rs s\<leadsto>* (map f rs)"
  apply(induction rs)
   apply simp
  apply(simp)
  using srewrites7 by auto



lemma fltsfrewrites: "rs s\<leadsto>* flts rs"
  apply(induction rs rule: flts.induct)
  apply(auto intro: rrewrite_srewrite.intros)
  apply (meson srewrites.simps srewrites1 ss5)
  using rs1 srewrites7 apply presburger
  using srewrites7 apply force
  apply (simp add: srewrites7)
  by (simp add: srewrites7)

lemma bnullable0:
shows "r1 \<leadsto> r2 \<Longrightarrow> bnullable r1 = bnullable r2" 
  and "rs1 s\<leadsto> rs2 \<Longrightarrow> bnullables rs1 = bnullables rs2" 
  apply(induct rule: rrewrite_srewrite.inducts)
  apply(auto simp add:  bnullable_fuse)
  apply (meson UnCI bnullable_fuse imageI)
  by (metis bnullable_correctness)


lemma rewrites_bnullable_eq: 
  assumes "r1 \<leadsto>* r2" 
  shows "bnullable r1 = bnullable r2"
using assms 
  apply(induction r1 r2 rule: rrewrites.induct)
  apply simp
  using bnullable0(1) by auto

lemma rewrite_bmkeps_aux: 
  shows "r1 \<leadsto> r2 \<Longrightarrow> bnullable r1 \<Longrightarrow> bmkeps r1 = bmkeps r2"
  and   "rs1 s\<leadsto> rs2 \<Longrightarrow> bnullables rs1 \<Longrightarrow> bmkepss rs1 = bmkepss rs2" 
proof (induct rule: rrewrite_srewrite.inducts)
  case (bs3 bs1 bs2 r)
  have IH2: "bnullable (ASEQ bs1 (AONE bs2) r)" by fact
  then show "bmkeps (ASEQ bs1 (AONE bs2) r) = bmkeps (fuse (bs1 @ bs2) r)"
    by (simp add: bmkeps_fuse)
next
  case (bs7 bs r)
  have IH2: "bnullable (AALTs bs [r])" by fact
  then show "bmkeps (AALTs bs [r]) = bmkeps (fuse bs r)" 
    by (simp add: bmkeps_fuse)
next
  case (ss3 r1 r2 rs)
  have IH1: "bnullable r1 \<Longrightarrow> bmkeps r1 = bmkeps r2" by fact
  have as: "r1 \<leadsto> r2" by fact
  from IH1 as show "bmkepss (r1 # rs) = bmkepss (r2 # rs)"
    by (simp add: bnullable0)
next
  case (ss5 bs1 rs1 rsb)
  have "bnullables (AALTs bs1 rs1 # rsb)" by fact
  then show "bmkepss (AALTs bs1 rs1 # rsb) = bmkepss (map (fuse bs1) rs1 @ rsb)"
    by (simp add: bmkepss1 bmkepss2 bmkepss_fuse bnullable_fuse)
next
  case (ss6 a1 a2 rsa rsb rsc)
  have as1: "erase a1 = erase a2" by fact
  have as3: "bnullables (rsa @ [a1] @ rsb @ [a2] @ rsc)" by fact
  show "bmkepss (rsa @ [a1] @ rsb @ [a2] @ rsc) = bmkepss (rsa @ [a1] @ rsb @ rsc)" using as1 as3
    by (smt (verit, best) append_Cons bmkeps.simps(3) bmkepss.simps(2) bmkepss1 bmkepss2 bnullable_correctness)
qed (auto)

lemma rewrites_bmkeps: 
  assumes "r1 \<leadsto>* r2" "bnullable r1" 
  shows "bmkeps r1 = bmkeps r2"
  using assms
proof(induction r1 r2 rule: rrewrites.induct)
  case (rs1 r)
  then show "bmkeps r = bmkeps r" by simp
next
  case (rs2 r1 r2 r3)
  then have IH: "bmkeps r1 = bmkeps r2" by simp
  have a1: "bnullable r1" by fact
  have a2: "r1 \<leadsto>* r2" by fact
  have a3: "r2 \<leadsto> r3" by fact
  have a4: "bnullable r2" using a1 a2 by (simp add: rewrites_bnullable_eq) 
  then have "bmkeps r2 = bmkeps r3"
    using a3 bnullable0(1) rewrite_bmkeps_aux(1) by blast 
  then show "bmkeps r1 = bmkeps r3" using IH by simp
qed


lemma rewrites_to_bsimp: 
  shows "r \<leadsto>* bsimp r"
proof (induction r rule: bsimp.induct)
  case (1 bs1 r1 r2)
  have IH1: "r1 \<leadsto>* bsimp r1" by fact
  have IH2: "r2 \<leadsto>* bsimp r2" by fact
  { assume as: "bsimp r1 = AZERO \<or> bsimp r2 = AZERO"
    with IH1 IH2 have "r1 \<leadsto>* AZERO \<or> r2 \<leadsto>* AZERO" by auto
    then have "ASEQ bs1 r1 r2 \<leadsto>* AZERO"
      by (metis bs2 continuous_rewrite rrewrites.simps star_seq2)  
    then have "ASEQ bs1 r1 r2 \<leadsto>* bsimp (ASEQ bs1 r1 r2)" using as by auto
  }
  moreover
  { assume "\<exists>bs. bsimp r1 = AONE bs"
    then obtain bs where as: "bsimp r1 = AONE bs" by blast
    with IH1 have "r1 \<leadsto>* AONE bs" by simp
    then have "ASEQ bs1 r1 r2 \<leadsto>* fuse (bs1 @ bs) r2" using bs3 star_seq by blast
    with IH2 have "ASEQ bs1 r1 r2 \<leadsto>* fuse (bs1 @ bs) (bsimp r2)"
      using rewrites_fuse by (meson rrewrites_trans) 
    then have "ASEQ bs1 r1 r2 \<leadsto>* bsimp (ASEQ bs1 (AONE bs) r2)" by simp
    then have "ASEQ bs1 r1 r2 \<leadsto>* bsimp (ASEQ bs1 r1 r2)" by (simp add: as) 
  } 
  moreover
  { assume as1: "bsimp r1 \<noteq> AZERO" "bsimp r2 \<noteq> AZERO" and as2: "(\<nexists>bs. bsimp r1 = AONE bs)" 
    then have "bsimp_ASEQ bs1 (bsimp r1) (bsimp r2) = ASEQ bs1 (bsimp r1) (bsimp r2)" 
      by (simp add: bsimp_ASEQ1) 
    then have "ASEQ bs1 r1 r2 \<leadsto>* bsimp_ASEQ bs1 (bsimp r1) (bsimp r2)" using as1 as2 IH1 IH2
      by (metis rrewrites_trans star_seq star_seq2) 
    then have "ASEQ bs1 r1 r2 \<leadsto>* bsimp (ASEQ bs1 r1 r2)" by simp
  } 
  ultimately show "ASEQ bs1 r1 r2 \<leadsto>* bsimp (ASEQ bs1 r1 r2)" by blast
next
  case (2 bs1 rs)
  have IH: "\<And>x. x \<in> set rs \<Longrightarrow> x \<leadsto>* bsimp x" by fact
  then have "rs s\<leadsto>* (map bsimp rs)" by (simp add: trivialbsimp_srewrites)
  also have "... s\<leadsto>* flts (map bsimp rs)" by (simp add: fltsfrewrites) 
  also have "... s\<leadsto>* distinctBy (flts (map bsimp rs)) erase {}" by (simp add: ss6_stronger) 
  finally have "AALTs bs1 rs \<leadsto>* AALTs bs1 (distinctBy (flts (map bsimp rs)) erase {})"
    using contextrewrites0 by blast
  also have "... \<leadsto>* bsimp_AALTs  bs1 (distinctBy (flts (map bsimp rs)) erase {})"
    by (simp add: bsimp_AALTs_rewrites)     
  finally show "AALTs bs1 rs \<leadsto>* bsimp (AALTs bs1 rs)" by simp
qed (simp_all)


lemma to_zero_in_alt: 
  shows "AALT bs (ASEQ [] AZERO r) r2 \<leadsto> AALT bs AZERO r2"
  by (simp add: bs1 bs10 ss3)



lemma  bder_fuse_list: 
  shows "map (bder c \<circ> fuse bs1) rs1 = map (fuse bs1 \<circ> bder c) rs1"
  apply(induction rs1)
  apply(simp_all add: bder_fuse)
  done


lemma rewrite_preserves_bder: 
  shows "r1 \<leadsto> r2 \<Longrightarrow> bder c r1 \<leadsto>* bder c r2"
  and   "rs1 s\<leadsto> rs2 \<Longrightarrow> map (bder c) rs1 s\<leadsto>* map (bder c) rs2"
proof(induction rule: rrewrite_srewrite.inducts)
  case (bs1 bs r2)
  show "bder c (ASEQ bs AZERO r2) \<leadsto>* bder c AZERO"
    by (simp add: continuous_rewrite) 
next
  case (bs2 bs r1)
  show "bder c (ASEQ bs r1 AZERO) \<leadsto>* bder c AZERO"
    apply(auto)
    apply (meson bs6 contextrewrites0 rrewrite_srewrite.bs2 rs2 ss3 ss4 sss1 sss2)
    by (simp add: r_in_rstar rrewrite_srewrite.bs2)
next
  case (bs3 bs1 bs2 r)
  show "bder c (ASEQ bs1 (AONE bs2) r) \<leadsto>* bder c (fuse (bs1 @ bs2) r)"
    apply(simp)
    by (metis (no_types, lifting) bder_fuse bs10 bs7 fuse_append rrewrites.simps ss4 to_zero_in_alt)
next
  case (bs4 r1 r2 bs r3)
  have as: "r1 \<leadsto> r2" by fact
  have IH: "bder c r1 \<leadsto>* bder c r2" by fact
  from as IH show "bder c (ASEQ bs r1 r3) \<leadsto>* bder c (ASEQ bs r2 r3)"
    by (metis bder.simps(5) bnullable0(1) contextrewrites1 rewrite_bmkeps_aux(1) star_seq)
next
  case (bs5 r3 r4 bs r1)
  have as: "r3 \<leadsto> r4" by fact 
  have IH: "bder c r3 \<leadsto>* bder c r4" by fact 
  from as IH show "bder c (ASEQ bs r1 r3) \<leadsto>* bder c (ASEQ bs r1 r4)"
    apply(simp)
    apply(auto)
    using contextrewrites0 r_in_rstar rewrites_fuse srewrites6 srewrites7 star_seq2 apply presburger
    using star_seq2 by blast
next
  case (bs6 bs)
  show "bder c (AALTs bs []) \<leadsto>* bder c AZERO"
    using rrewrite_srewrite.bs6 by force 
next
  case (bs7 bs r)
  show "bder c (AALTs bs [r]) \<leadsto>* bder c (fuse bs r)"
    by (simp add: bder_fuse r_in_rstar rrewrite_srewrite.bs7) 
next
  case (bs10 rs1 rs2 bs)
  have IH1: "map (bder c) rs1 s\<leadsto>* map (bder c) rs2" by fact
  then show "bder c (AALTs bs rs1) \<leadsto>* bder c (AALTs bs rs2)" 
    using contextrewrites0 by force    
next
  case ss1
  show "map (bder c) [] s\<leadsto>* map (bder c) []" by simp
next
  case (ss2 rs1 rs2 r)
  have IH1: "map (bder c) rs1 s\<leadsto>* map (bder c) rs2" by fact
  then show "map (bder c) (r # rs1) s\<leadsto>* map (bder c) (r # rs2)"
    by (simp add: srewrites7) 
next
  case (ss3 r1 r2 rs)
  have IH: "bder c r1 \<leadsto>* bder c r2" by fact
  then show "map (bder c) (r1 # rs) s\<leadsto>* map (bder c) (r2 # rs)"
    by (simp add: srewrites7) 
next
  case (ss4 rs)
  show "map (bder c) (AZERO # rs) s\<leadsto>* map (bder c) rs"
    using rrewrite_srewrite.ss4 by fastforce 
next
  case (ss5 bs1 rs1 rsb)
  show "map (bder c) (AALTs bs1 rs1 # rsb) s\<leadsto>* map (bder c) (map (fuse bs1) rs1 @ rsb)"
    apply(simp)
    using bder_fuse_list map_map rrewrite_srewrite.ss5 srewrites.simps by blast
next
  case (ss6 a1 a2 bs rsa rsb)
  have as: "erase a1 = erase a2" by fact
  show "map (bder c) (bs @ [a1] @ rsa @ [a2] @ rsb) s\<leadsto>* map (bder c) (bs @ [a1] @ rsa @ rsb)"
    apply(simp only: map_append)
    by (smt (verit, best) erase_bder list.simps(8) list.simps(9) as rrewrite_srewrite.ss6 srewrites.simps)
qed

lemma rewrites_preserves_bder: 
  assumes "r1 \<leadsto>* r2"
  shows "bder c r1 \<leadsto>* bder c r2"
using assms  
apply(induction r1 r2 rule: rrewrites.induct)
apply(simp_all add: rewrite_preserves_bder rrewrites_trans)
done


lemma central:  
  shows "bders r s \<leadsto>* bders_simp r s"
proof(induct s arbitrary: r rule: rev_induct)
  case Nil
  then show "bders r [] \<leadsto>* bders_simp r []" by simp
next
  case (snoc x xs)
  have IH: "\<And>r. bders r xs \<leadsto>* bders_simp r xs" by fact
  have "bders r (xs @ [x]) = bders (bders r xs) [x]" by (simp add: bders_append)
  also have "... \<leadsto>* bders (bders_simp r xs) [x]" using IH
    by (simp add: rewrites_preserves_bder)
  also have "... \<leadsto>* bders_simp (bders_simp r xs) [x]" using IH
    by (simp add: rewrites_to_bsimp)
  finally show "bders r (xs @ [x]) \<leadsto>* bders_simp r (xs @ [x])" 
    by (simp add: bders_simp_append)
qed

lemma main_aux: 
  assumes "bnullable (bders r s)"
  shows "bmkeps (bders r s) = bmkeps (bders_simp r s)"
proof -
  have "bders r s \<leadsto>* bders_simp r s" by (rule central)
  then 
  show "bmkeps (bders r s) = bmkeps (bders_simp r s)" using assms
    by (rule rewrites_bmkeps)
qed  




theorem main_blexer_simp: 
  shows "blexer r s = blexer_simp r s"
  unfolding blexer_def blexer_simp_def
  using b4 main_aux by simp


theorem blexersimp_correctness: 
  shows "lexer r s = blexer_simp r s"
  using blexer_correctness main_blexer_simp by simp



export_code blexer_simp blexer lexer bders bders_simp in Scala module_name VerifiedLexers


unused_thms


inductive aggressive:: "arexp \<Rightarrow> arexp \<Rightarrow> bool" ("_ \<leadsto>? _" [99, 99] 99)
  where
 "ASEQ bs (AALTs bs1 rs) r \<leadsto>? AALTs (bs@bs1) (map (\<lambda>r'. ASEQ [] r' r) rs) "



end