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\documentclass[dvipsnames,14pt,t,xelatex]{beamer}
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\usepackage{./slides}
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\usepackage{./graph}
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\usepackage{./langs}
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\usepackage{./data}
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\hfuzz=220pt
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\lstset{language=Scala,
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style=mystyle,
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numbersep=0pt,
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numbers=none,
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xleftmargin=0mm}
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\newcommand{\bl}[1]{\textcolor{blue}{#1}}
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% beamer stuff
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\renewcommand{\slidecaption}{CFL 01, King's College London}
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\begin{filecontents}{re-python2.data}
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1 0.033
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5 0.036
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10 0.034
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15 0.036
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18 0.059
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19 0.084
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20 0.141
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21 0.248
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22 0.485
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23 0.878
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24 1.71
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25 3.40
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26 7.08
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27 14.12
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28 26.69
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\end{filecontents}
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\begin{filecontents}{re-java.data}
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5 0.00298
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10 0.00418
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15 0.00996
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16 0.01710
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17 0.03492
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18 0.03303
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19 0.05084
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20 0.10177
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21 0.19960
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22 0.41159
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23 0.82234
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24 1.70251
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25 3.36112
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26 6.63998
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27 13.35120
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28 29.81185
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\end{filecontents}
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\begin{filecontents}{re-java9.data}
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1000 0.01410
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2000 0.04882
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3000 0.10609
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4000 0.17456
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5000 0.27530
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6000 0.41116
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7000 0.53741
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8000 0.70261
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9000 0.93981
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10000 0.97419
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11000 1.28697
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12000 1.51387
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14000 2.07079
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16000 2.69846
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20000 4.41823
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24000 6.46077
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26000 7.64373
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30000 9.99446
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34000 12.966885
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38000 16.281621
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42000 19.180228
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46000 21.984721
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50000 26.950203
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60000 43.0327746
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\end{filecontents}
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\begin{document}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{frame}[t]
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\frametitle{%
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\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}
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\\[-3mm]
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\LARGE Compilers and \\[-1mm]
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\LARGE Formal Languages (1)\\[-3mm]
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\end{tabular}}
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\begin{center}
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%\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{pics/ante1.jpg}\hspace{5mm}
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%\includegraphics[scale=0.31]{pics/ante2.jpg}\\
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%\footnotesize\textcolor{gray}{Antikythera automaton, 100 BC (Archimedes?)}
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\end{center}
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\normalsize
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tabular}{ll}
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Email: & christian.urban at kcl.ac.uk\\
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Office: & N\liningnums{7.07} (North Wing, Bush House)\\
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Slides: & KEATS
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\end{tabular}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{frame}[t]
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\frametitle{Why Study Compilers?}
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John Regehr {\small(Univ.~Utah, LLVM compiler hacker)}\smallskip\\
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\begin{bubble}[10.5cm]
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\bf ``\ldots{}It’s effectively a perpetual
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employment act for solid compiler hackers.''
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\end{bubble}
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\onslide<1->{
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\only<2>{
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\begin{itemize}
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\item {\bf Hardware is getting weirder
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rather than getting clocked faster}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Almost all processors are
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multicores nowadays and it looks like there is increasing asymmetry in
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resources across cores. Processors come with vector units, crypto
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accelerators etc. We have DSPs, GPUs,
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ARM big.little, and Xeon Phi. This is only scratching the
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surface.
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}}
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\only<3>{
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\begin{itemize}
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\item {\bf We’re getting tired of low-level languages and
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their associated security disasters}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item
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We want to write new code, to
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whatever extent possible, in safer, higher-level
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languages. Compilers are caught right in the middle of these
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opposing trends: one of their main jobs is to help bridge the large
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and growing gap between increasingly high-level languages and
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increasingly wacky platforms.
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}}}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{Why Bother?}
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\begin{columns}[t]
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\begin{column}{.5\textwidth}
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Ruby, Python, Java 8\medskip\\
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\begin{tikzpicture}\footnotesize
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\begin{axis}[
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xlabel={$n$},
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x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
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ylabel={time in secs},
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enlargelimits=false,
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xtick={0,5,...,30},
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xmax=33,
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ymax=35,
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ytick={0,5,...,30},
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scaled ticks=false,
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axis lines=left,
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width=5.5cm,
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height=4cm,
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legend entries={Python,Ruby},
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legend pos=north west,
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legend cell align=left]
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\addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python.data};
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\addplot[brown,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-ruby.data};
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\end{axis}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\begin{tikzpicture}\footnotesize
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\begin{axis}[
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xlabel={$n$},
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x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
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ylabel={time in secs},
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enlargelimits=false,
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xtick={0,5,...,30},
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xmax=33,
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ymax=35,
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ytick={0,5,...,30},
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scaled ticks=false,
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axis lines=left,
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width=5.5cm,
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height=4cm,
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legend entries={Python, Java 8},
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legend pos=north west,
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legend cell align=left]
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\addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
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\addplot[cyan,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-java.data};
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\end{axis}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{column}
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\begin{column}{.5\textwidth}
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Us (after next lecture)\medskip\\
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\begin{tikzpicture}\footnotesize
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\begin{axis}[
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xlabel={$n$},
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x label style={at={(1.07,0.0)}},
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ylabel={time in secs},
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enlargelimits=false,
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xtick={0,5000,...,10000},
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xmax=11000,
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ymax=35,
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ytick={0,5,...,30},
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scaled ticks=false,
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axis lines=left,
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width=5.5cm,
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height=4cm]
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\addplot[green,mark=square*,mark options={fill=white}] table {re2.data};
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\addplot[black,mark=square*,mark options={fill=white}] table {re3.data};
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\end{axis}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\begin{tikzpicture}\footnotesize
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\begin{axis}[
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xlabel={$n$},
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x label style={at={(1.07,0.0)}},
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ylabel={time in secs},
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enlargelimits=false,
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ymax=35,
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ytick={0,5,...,30},
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scaled ticks=false,
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axis lines=left,
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width=5.5cm,
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height=4cm]
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\addplot[black,mark=square*,mark options={fill=white}] table {re3a.data};
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\end{axis}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{column}
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\end{columns}\bigskip
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\small\centering
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matching \texttt{[a?]\{n\}[a]\{n\}} and \texttt{(a*)*b}
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against $\underbrace{\texttt{a}...\texttt{a}}_n$
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\begin{column}{.5\textwidth}
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\begin{tikzpicture}
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\begin{axis}[
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xlabel={$n$},
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x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
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ylabel={time in secs},
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y label style={at={(0.06,0.5)}},
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enlargelimits=false,
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xtick={0,5,...,30},
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xmax=33,
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ymax=45,
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ytick={0,10,...,40},
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scaled ticks=false,
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axis lines=left,
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width=6cm,
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height=4.5cm,
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legend entries={Python, Java 8},
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legend pos=north west]
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\addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
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\addplot[cyan,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-java.data};
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\end{axis}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\begin{tikzpicture}
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\begin{axis}[
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xlabel={$n$},
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x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
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ylabel={time in secs},
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y label style={at={(0.06,0.5)}},
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%enlargelimits=false,
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%xtick={0,5000,...,30000},
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xmax=65000,
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ymax=45,
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ytick={0,10,...,40},
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scaled ticks=false,
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axis lines=left,
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width=6cm,
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height=4.5cm,
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legend entries={Java 9},
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legend pos=north west]
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\addplot[cyan,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-java9.data};
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\end{axis}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{column}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{Evil Regular Expressions}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \alert{R}egular \alert{e}xpression \alert{D}enial \alert{o}f \alert{S}ervice (ReDoS)\medskip
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\item Evil regular expressions\medskip
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \bl{$(a^{?\{n\}}) \cdot a^{\{n\}}$}
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\item \bl{$(a^*)^*\cdot b$}
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\item \bl{$([a$\,-\,$z]^+)^*$}
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\item \bl{$(a + a \cdot a)^*$}
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\item \bl{$(a + a^?)^*$}
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\end{itemize}
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\item sometimes also called \alert{catastrophic backtracking}
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\item this is a problem for \alert{N}etwork \alert{I}ntrusion
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\alert{D}etection systems, StackExchange, Atom editor
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\item \url{https://vimeo.com/112065252}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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330 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{The Goal of this Module}
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1,
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node/.style={
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rectangle,rounded corners=3mm,
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very thick,draw=black!50,minimum height=18mm, minimum width=20mm,
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top color=white,bottom color=black!20}]
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\node at (3.05, 1.8) {\Large\bf write a compiler};
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\node (0) at (-2.3,0) {};
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\node [above=5mm of 0]
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{\makebox[0mm]{\footnotesize
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\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{}}input\\[-1mm]program\end{tabular}}};
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\node (A) at (0,0) [node] {};
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\node [below right] at (A.north west) {lexer};
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\node (B) at (3,0) [node] {};
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\node [below right=1mm] at (B.north west) {\mbox{}\hspace{-1mm}parser};
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\node (C) at (6,0) [node] {};
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\node [below right] at (C.north west) {\mbox{}\hspace{-1mm}code gen};
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\node (1) at (8.4,0) {};
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\node [above=5mm of 1]
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{\makebox[0mm]{\footnotesize
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\begin{tabular}{@{}r@{}}binary\\[-1mm]code\end{tabular}}};
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363 |
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\draw [->,line width=4mm] (0) -- (A);
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365 |
\draw [->,line width=4mm] (A) -- (B);
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|
366 |
\draw [->,line width=4mm] (B) -- (C);
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|
367 |
\draw [->,line width=4mm] (C) -- (1);
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|
368 |
\end{tikzpicture}
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|
369 |
\end{center}
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|
370 |
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|
371 |
\only<2,3,4>{
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372 |
\begin{textblock}{1}(1,2.1)
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373 |
\begin{bubble}[9.8cm]
|
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374 |
\normalsize
|
|
|
375 |
lexer input: a string\smallskip\\
|
|
|
376 |
\hspace{5mm}\code{"read(n);"}\medskip\\
|
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|
377 |
lexer output: a sequence of tokens\smallskip\\
|
|
|
378 |
\hspace{5mm}\code{key(read) lpar id(n) rpar semi}
|
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|
379 |
\end{bubble}
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|
380 |
\end{textblock}}
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381 |
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382 |
\only<3,4>{
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|
383 |
\begin{textblock}{1}(6,7.8)
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384 |
\begin{tabular}{c}
|
|
|
385 |
\includegraphics[scale=0.2]{rosetta.jpg}\\[-2mm]
|
|
|
386 |
\footnotesize lexing $\Rightarrow$ recognising words (Stone of Rosetta)
|
|
|
387 |
\end{tabular}
|
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388 |
\end{textblock}}
|
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389 |
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390 |
\only<4>{
|
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391 |
\begin{textblock}{1}(0.5,12)\small
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392 |
\begin{tabular}{l@{}c@{}l}
|
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|
393 |
\pcode{if} & $\;\Rightarrow\;$ & keyword\\
|
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|
394 |
\pcode{iffoo} & $\;\Rightarrow\;$ & identifier\\
|
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395 |
\end{tabular}
|
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396 |
\end{textblock}}
|
|
|
397 |
|
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398 |
\only<5>{
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|
399 |
\begin{textblock}{1}(1,1.5)
|
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|
400 |
\begin{bubble}[8.5cm]
|
|
|
401 |
\normalsize
|
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|
402 |
parser input: a sequence of tokens\smallskip\\
|
|
|
403 |
|
|
|
404 |
{\small\hspace{5mm}\code{key(read) lpar id(n) rpar semi}}\smallskip\\
|
|
|
405 |
|
|
|
406 |
parser output: an abstract syntax tree\smallskip\\
|
|
|
407 |
\footnotesize
|
|
|
408 |
\hspace{2cm}\begin{tikzpicture}
|
|
|
409 |
\node {\code{read}}
|
|
|
410 |
child {node {\code{lpar}}}
|
|
|
411 |
child {node {\code{n}}}
|
|
|
412 |
child {node {\code{rpar}}};
|
|
|
413 |
\end{tikzpicture}
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|
414 |
\end{bubble}
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|
415 |
\end{textblock}}
|
|
|
416 |
|
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|
417 |
\only<6,7>{
|
|
|
418 |
\begin{textblock}{1}(1,1.5)
|
|
|
419 |
\begin{bubble}[4cm]
|
|
|
420 |
\normalsize
|
|
|
421 |
code generator:\smallskip\\
|
|
|
422 |
\hspace{5mm}\code{istore 2}\\
|
|
|
423 |
\hspace{5mm}\code{iload 2}\\
|
|
|
424 |
\hspace{5mm}\code{ldc 10}\\
|
|
|
425 |
\hspace{5mm}\code{isub}\\
|
|
|
426 |
\hspace{5mm}\code{ifeq Label2}\\
|
|
|
427 |
\hspace{5mm}\code{iload 2}\\
|
|
|
428 |
\hspace{5mm}\code{...}\\
|
|
|
429 |
\end{bubble}
|
|
|
430 |
\end{textblock}}
|
|
|
431 |
|
|
|
432 |
\only<7>{
|
|
|
433 |
\begin{textblock}{6}(8.4,7)
|
|
|
434 |
\begin{bubble}[5cm]
|
|
|
435 |
\mbox{\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.58,rounded corners=0mm]
|
|
|
436 |
\begin{axis}[axis x line=bottom, axis y line=left, ylabel=secs,
|
|
|
437 |
xlabel=n,
|
|
|
438 |
enlargelimits=0.05,
|
|
|
439 |
ybar interval=0.7, legend style=small]
|
|
|
440 |
\addplot file {interpreted2.data};
|
|
|
441 |
\addplot file {compiled2.data};
|
|
|
442 |
%\legend{interpreted, compiled}
|
|
|
443 |
\end{axis}
|
|
|
444 |
\end{tikzpicture}}
|
|
|
445 |
\end{bubble}
|
|
|
446 |
\end{textblock}}
|
|
|
447 |
|
|
|
448 |
\end{frame}
|
|
|
449 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
450 |
|
|
|
451 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
452 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
|
453 |
\frametitle{The Acad.~Subject is Mature}
|
|
|
454 |
|
|
|
455 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
|
456 |
\item Turing Machines, 1936
|
|
|
457 |
\item Regular Expressions, 1956\\
|
|
|
458 |
\item The first compiler for COBOL, 1957\\ (Grace Hopper)
|
|
|
459 |
\item But surprisingly research papers are still published nowadays\\
|
|
|
460 |
\item ``Parsing: The Solved Problem That Isn't''
|
|
|
461 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
462 |
|
|
|
463 |
\begin{flushright}
|
|
|
464 |
\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{hopper.jpg}\\
|
|
|
465 |
\footnotesize\textcolor{gray}{Grace Hopper}
|
|
|
466 |
\end{flushright}
|
|
|
467 |
|
|
|
468 |
|
|
|
469 |
\begin{flushright}
|
|
|
470 |
\mbox{}\\[-6mm]
|
|
|
471 |
{\footnotesize\textcolor{gray}{(she made it to David Letterman's Tonight Show,\\[-2mm]
|
|
|
472 |
\url{http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZOxtURhfEU})}}
|
|
|
473 |
\end{flushright}
|
|
|
474 |
|
|
|
475 |
\end{frame}
|
|
|
476 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
477 |
|
|
|
478 |
|
|
|
479 |
|
|
|
480 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
481 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
|
482 |
\frametitle{Lectures 1 - 5}
|
|
|
483 |
|
|
|
484 |
transforming strings into structured data\\[10mm]
|
|
|
485 |
|
|
|
486 |
{\LARGE\bf Lexing} {\hfill{}based on regular expressions}\medskip\\
|
|
|
487 |
\hspace{5mm}(recognising ``words'')\\[6mm]
|
|
|
488 |
|
|
|
489 |
{\LARGE\bf Parsing}\medskip\\
|
|
|
490 |
\hspace{5mm}(recognising ``sentences'')
|
|
|
491 |
|
|
|
492 |
\begin{textblock}{1}(10,9.1)
|
|
|
493 |
\begin{tabular}{c}
|
|
|
494 |
\includegraphics[scale=0.1]{rosetta.jpg}\\[-2mm]
|
|
|
495 |
\footnotesize Stone of Rosetta
|
|
|
496 |
\end{tabular}
|
|
|
497 |
\end{textblock}
|
|
|
498 |
|
|
|
499 |
\end{frame}
|
|
|
500 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
501 |
|
|
|
502 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
503 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
|
504 |
\frametitle{Familiar Regular Expr.}
|
|
|
505 |
\small
|
|
|
506 |
\begin{center}
|
|
|
507 |
\texttt{[a-z0-9\_$\backslash{}$.-]+ @ [a-z0-9$\backslash{}$.-]+ . [a-z$\backslash{}$.]\{2,6\}}
|
|
|
508 |
\end{center}\smallskip
|
|
|
509 |
|
|
|
510 |
\begin{center}
|
|
|
511 |
\begin{tabular}{@{}lp{8.5cm}@{}}
|
|
|
512 |
\pcode{re*} & matches 0 or more times\\
|
|
|
513 |
\pcode{re+} & matches 1 or more times\\
|
|
|
514 |
\pcode{re?} & matches 0 or 1 times\\
|
|
|
515 |
\pcode{re\{n\}} & matches exactly \pcode{n} number of times\\
|
|
|
516 |
\pcode{re\{n,m\}} & matches at least \pcode{n} and at most {\tt m} times\\
|
|
|
517 |
\pcode{[...]} & matches any single character inside the brackets\\
|
|
|
518 |
\pcode{[^...]} & matches any single character not inside the
|
|
|
519 |
brackets\\
|
|
|
520 |
\pcode{a-z A-Z} & character ranges\\
|
|
|
521 |
\pcode{\\d} & matches digits; equivalent to \pcode{[0-9]}\\
|
|
|
522 |
\pcode{.} & matches every character except newline\\
|
|
|
523 |
\pcode{(re)} & groups regular expressions and remembers
|
|
|
524 |
the matched text
|
|
|
525 |
\end{tabular}
|
|
|
526 |
\end{center}
|
|
|
527 |
|
|
|
528 |
|
|
|
529 |
\end{frame}
|
|
|
530 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
531 |
|
|
|
532 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
533 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
|
534 |
\frametitle{Today}
|
|
|
535 |
|
|
|
536 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
|
537 |
\item While the ultimate goal is to implement a small compiler for the JVM
|
|
|
538 |
\ldots\bigskip
|
|
|
539 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
540 |
|
|
|
541 |
Let's start with:
|
|
|
542 |
|
|
|
543 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
|
544 |
\item a web-crawler
|
|
|
545 |
\item an email harvester
|
|
|
546 |
%\item \textcolor{gray}{(a web-scraper)}
|
|
|
547 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
548 |
|
|
|
549 |
\end{frame}
|
|
|
550 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
551 |
|
|
|
552 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
553 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
|
554 |
\frametitle{A Web-Crawler}
|
|
|
555 |
|
|
|
556 |
\mbox{}\\[10mm]
|
|
|
557 |
|
|
|
558 |
\begin{enumerate}
|
|
|
559 |
\item given an URL, read the corresponding webpage
|
|
|
560 |
\item extract all links from it
|
|
|
561 |
\item call the web-crawler again for all these links
|
|
|
562 |
\end{enumerate}
|
|
|
563 |
|
|
|
564 |
\end{frame}
|
|
|
565 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
566 |
|
|
|
567 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
568 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
|
569 |
\frametitle{A Web-Crawler}
|
|
|
570 |
|
|
|
571 |
\mbox{}\\[10mm]
|
|
|
572 |
|
|
|
573 |
|
|
|
574 |
\begin{enumerate}
|
|
|
575 |
\item given an URL, read the corresponding webpage
|
|
|
576 |
\item if not possible print, out a problem
|
|
|
577 |
\item if possible, extract all links from it
|
|
|
578 |
\item call the web-crawler again for all these links
|
|
|
579 |
\end{enumerate}\bigskip\pause
|
|
|
580 |
|
|
|
581 |
\small (we need a bound for the number of recursive calls)
|
|
|
582 |
|
|
|
583 |
\small (the purpose is to check all links on my own webpage)
|
|
|
584 |
\end{frame}
|
|
|
585 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
586 |
|
|
|
587 |
|
|
|
588 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
589 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
|
590 |
|
|
|
591 |
\begin{textblock}{1}(2,5)
|
|
|
592 |
\begin{tabular}{c}
|
|
|
593 |
\includegraphics[scale=0.15]{servers.png}\\[-2mm]
|
|
|
594 |
\small Server
|
|
|
595 |
\end{tabular}
|
|
|
596 |
\end{textblock}
|
|
|
597 |
|
|
|
598 |
\begin{textblock}{1}(5.6,4)
|
|
|
599 |
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.1]
|
|
|
600 |
\draw[white] (0,1) node (X) {};
|
|
|
601 |
\draw[white] (2,1) node (Y) {};
|
|
|
602 |
\draw[white] (0,0) node (X1) {};
|
|
|
603 |
\draw[white] (2,0) node (Y1) {};
|
|
|
604 |
\draw[white] (0,-1) node (X2) {};
|
|
|
605 |
\draw[white] (2,-1) node (Y2) {};
|
|
|
606 |
\draw[red, <-, line width = 2mm] (X) -- (Y);
|
|
|
607 |
\node [inner sep=5pt,label=above:\textcolor{black}{GET request}] at ($ (X)!.5!(Y) $) {};
|
|
|
608 |
\draw[red, ->, line width = 2mm] (X1) -- (Y1);
|
|
|
609 |
\node [inner sep=5pt,label=above:\textcolor{black}{webpage}] at ($ (X1)!.5!(Y1) $) {};
|
|
|
610 |
\draw[red, <-, line width = 2mm] (X2) -- (Y2);
|
|
|
611 |
\node [inner sep=7pt,label=above:\textcolor{black}{POST data}] at ($ (X2)!.5!(Y2) $) {};
|
|
|
612 |
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|
|
613 |
\end{textblock}
|
|
|
614 |
|
|
|
615 |
|
|
|
616 |
\begin{textblock}{1}(9,5.5)
|
|
|
617 |
\begin{tabular}{c}
|
|
|
618 |
\includegraphics[scale=0.15]{laptop.png}\\[-2mm]
|
|
|
619 |
\small Browser
|
|
|
620 |
\end{tabular}
|
|
|
621 |
\end{textblock}
|
|
|
622 |
\end{frame}
|
|
|
623 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
624 |
|
|
|
625 |
|
|
|
626 |
|
|
|
627 |
|
|
|
628 |
|
|
|
629 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
630 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
|
631 |
\frametitle{A Regular Expression}
|
|
|
632 |
|
|
|
633 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
|
634 |
\item \ldots{} is a pattern or template for specifying strings
|
|
|
635 |
\end{itemize}\bigskip
|
|
|
636 |
|
|
|
637 |
\begin{center}
|
|
|
638 |
\only<1>{\scode{"https?://[^"]*"}}%
|
|
|
639 |
\only<2>{\scode{""""https?://[^"]*"""".r}}
|
|
|
640 |
\end{center}\bigskip\bigskip
|
|
|
641 |
|
|
|
642 |
matches for example\smallskip\\
|
|
|
643 |
\hspace{2mm}\code{"http://www.foobar.com"}\\
|
|
|
644 |
\hspace{2mm}\code{"https://www.tls.org"}\smallskip\\
|
|
|
645 |
|
|
|
646 |
but not\smallskip\\
|
|
|
647 |
\hspace{2mm}\code{"http://www."foo"bar.com"}\\
|
|
|
648 |
|
|
|
649 |
\end{frame}
|
|
|
650 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
651 |
|
|
|
652 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
653 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
|
654 |
\frametitle{Finding Operations in Scala}
|
|
|
655 |
|
|
|
656 |
{\bf\code{rexp.findAllIn(string)}}\medskip
|
|
|
657 |
|
|
|
658 |
returns a list of all (sub)strings that match the
|
|
|
659 |
regular expression
|
|
|
660 |
\bigskip\bigskip
|
|
|
661 |
|
|
|
662 |
|
|
|
663 |
{\bf\code{rexp.findFirstIn(string)}}\medskip
|
|
|
664 |
|
|
|
665 |
returns either
|
|
|
666 |
|
|
|
667 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
|
668 |
\item \code{None} if no (sub)string matches or
|
|
|
669 |
\item \code{Some(s)} with the first (sub)string
|
|
|
670 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
671 |
|
|
|
672 |
\end{frame}
|
|
|
673 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
674 |
|
|
|
675 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
676 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
|
677 |
\frametitle{Regular Expressions}
|
|
|
678 |
|
|
|
679 |
Their inductive definition:
|
|
|
680 |
|
|
|
681 |
|
|
|
682 |
\begin{textblock}{6}(2,7.5)
|
|
|
683 |
\begin{tabular}{@ {}rrl@ {\hspace{13mm}}l}
|
|
|
684 |
\bl{$r$} & \bl{$::=$} & \bl{$\ZERO$} & nothing\\
|
|
|
685 |
& \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$\ONE$} & empty string / \pcode{""} / $[]$\\
|
|
|
686 |
& \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$c$} & character\\
|
|
|
687 |
& \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r_1 + r_2$} & alternative / choice\\
|
|
|
688 |
& \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r_1 \cdot r_2$} & sequence\\
|
|
|
689 |
& \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r^*$} & star (zero or more)\\
|
|
|
690 |
\end{tabular}
|
|
|
691 |
\end{textblock}
|
|
|
692 |
|
|
|
693 |
|
|
|
694 |
|
|
|
695 |
\end{frame}
|
|
|
696 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
697 |
|
|
|
698 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
699 |
%\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
|
700 |
%\frametitle{Regular Expressions}
|
|
|
701 |
%
|
|
|
702 |
%\small
|
|
|
703 |
%In Scala:\bigskip
|
|
|
704 |
%
|
|
|
705 |
%\footnotesize
|
|
|
706 |
%\lstinputlisting{../progs/app51.scala}
|
|
|
707 |
%
|
|
|
708 |
%
|
|
|
709 |
%\end{frame}
|
|
|
710 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
711 |
|
|
|
712 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
713 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
|
714 |
\frametitle{Strings}
|
|
|
715 |
|
|
|
716 |
\ldots are lists of characters. For example \code{"hello"}
|
|
|
717 |
|
|
|
718 |
\begin{center}
|
|
|
719 |
\bl{$[h, e, l, l, o]$} or just \bl{$hello$}
|
|
|
720 |
\end{center}
|
|
|
721 |
|
|
|
722 |
the empty string: \bl{$[]$} or \bl{\pcode{""}}\bigskip\\
|
|
|
723 |
|
|
|
724 |
the concatenation of two strings:
|
|
|
725 |
|
|
|
726 |
\begin{center}
|
|
|
727 |
\bl{$s_1 \,@\, s_2$}
|
|
|
728 |
\end{center}
|
|
|
729 |
|
|
|
730 |
\bl{\textit{foo $@$ bar = foobar}, \textit{baz $@\, []$ = baz}}
|
|
|
731 |
|
|
|
732 |
\end{frame}
|
|
|
733 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
734 |
|
|
|
735 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
736 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
|
737 |
\frametitle{Languages, Strings}
|
|
|
738 |
|
|
|
739 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
|
740 |
\item \alert{\bf Strings} are lists of characters, for example
|
|
|
741 |
\begin{center}
|
|
|
742 |
\bl{$[]$},\;\bl{$abc$} \hspace{2cm}(Pattern match: \bl{$c\!::\!s$})
|
|
|
743 |
\end{center}\bigskip
|
|
|
744 |
|
|
|
745 |
|
|
|
746 |
\item A \alert{\bf language} is a set of strings, for example\medskip
|
|
|
747 |
\begin{center}
|
|
|
748 |
\bl{$\{[], hello, \textit{foobar}, a, abc\}$}
|
|
|
749 |
\end{center}\bigskip
|
|
|
750 |
|
|
|
751 |
\item \alert{\bf Concatenation} of strings and languages
|
|
|
752 |
|
|
|
753 |
\begin{center}
|
|
|
754 |
\begin{tabular}{rcl}
|
|
|
755 |
\bl{$\textit{foo}\;@\;bar$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\textit{foobar}$}\medskip\\
|
|
|
756 |
\bl{$A\;@\;B$} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\{ s_1\,@\,s_2 \;\mid\; s_1 \in A \wedge s_2 \in B\}$}
|
|
|
757 |
\end{tabular}
|
|
|
758 |
\end{center}
|
|
|
759 |
|
|
|
760 |
%\item The \alert{\bf meaning} of a regular expression is a set of
|
|
|
761 |
% strings, or language.
|
|
|
762 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
763 |
|
|
|
764 |
\end{frame}
|
|
|
765 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
766 |
|
|
|
767 |
|
|
|
768 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
769 |
\mode<presentation>{
|
|
|
770 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
|
771 |
\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}The Meaning of a\\[-2mm]
|
|
|
772 |
Regular Expression\end{tabular}}
|
|
|
773 |
|
|
|
774 |
\begin{textblock}{15}(1,4)
|
|
|
775 |
\begin{tabular}{rcl}
|
|
|
776 |
\bl{$L(\ZERO)$} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\{\}$}\\
|
|
|
777 |
\bl{$L(\ONE)$} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\{[]\}$}\\
|
|
|
778 |
\bl{$L(c)$} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\{[c]\}$}\\
|
|
|
779 |
\bl{$L(r_1 + r_2)$} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$L(r_1) \cup L(r_2)$}\\
|
|
|
780 |
\bl{$L(r_1 \cdot r_2)$} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\{ s_1 \,@\, s_2 \;|\; s_1 \in L(r_1) \wedge s_2 \in L(r_2) \}$}\\
|
|
|
781 |
\bl{$L(r^*)$} & \bl{$\dn$} & \onslide<4->{\bl{$\bigcup_{0 \le n} L(r)^n$}}\\
|
|
|
782 |
\end{tabular}\bigskip
|
|
|
783 |
|
|
|
784 |
\onslide<2->{
|
|
|
785 |
\hspace{5mm}\bl{$L(r)^0 \;\dn\; \{[]\}$}\\
|
|
|
786 |
\bl{$L(r)^{n+1} \;\dn\; L(r) \,@\, L(r)^n$}\hspace{9mm}\onslide<3->{\small\textcolor{gray}{(append on sets)}\\
|
|
|
787 |
\small\hspace{5cm}\textcolor{gray}{$\{ s_1 @ s_2 \;|\; s_1\in L(r) \wedge s_2 \in L(r)^n \}$}}
|
|
|
788 |
}
|
|
|
789 |
\end{textblock}
|
|
|
790 |
|
|
|
791 |
\end{frame}}
|
|
|
792 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
793 |
|
|
|
794 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
795 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
|
796 |
\frametitle{The Meaning of Matching}
|
|
|
797 |
|
|
|
798 |
\begin{bubble}[10cm]
|
|
|
799 |
\large\bf
|
|
|
800 |
A regular expression \bl{$r$} matches a string~\bl{$s$}
|
|
|
801 |
provided
|
|
|
802 |
|
|
|
803 |
\begin{center}
|
|
|
804 |
\bl{$s \in L(r)$}\\
|
|
|
805 |
\end{center}
|
|
|
806 |
\end{bubble}\bigskip\bigskip
|
|
|
807 |
|
|
|
808 |
\ldots and the point of the next lecture is
|
|
|
809 |
to decide this problem as fast as possible (unlike Python,
|
|
|
810 |
Ruby, Java)
|
|
|
811 |
|
|
|
812 |
\end{frame}
|
|
|
813 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
814 |
|
|
|
815 |
|
|
|
816 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
817 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
|
818 |
\frametitle{Written Exam}
|
|
|
819 |
|
|
|
820 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
|
821 |
\item Accounts for 80\%.\bigskip
|
|
|
822 |
|
|
|
823 |
\item The question ``\textit{Is this relevant for
|
|
|
824 |
the exam?}'' is very demotivating for the lecturer!\bigskip\\
|
|
|
825 |
|
|
|
826 |
\item Deal: Whatever is in the homework (and is not marked
|
|
|
827 |
``\textit{optional}'') is relevant for the exam.\bigskip
|
|
|
828 |
|
|
|
829 |
\item Each lecture has also a handout. There are also handouts about
|
|
|
830 |
notation and Scala.
|
|
|
831 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
832 |
|
|
|
833 |
\end{frame}
|
|
|
834 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
835 |
|
|
|
836 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
837 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
|
838 |
\frametitle{Coursework}
|
|
|
839 |
|
|
|
840 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
|
841 |
\item Accounts for 20\%. Two strands. Choose \alert{\bf one}!\bigskip
|
|
|
842 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
843 |
|
|
|
844 |
\begin{columns}[t]
|
|
|
845 |
\begin{column}{.5\textwidth}
|
|
|
846 |
\underline{\bf Strand 1}\medskip
|
|
|
847 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
|
848 |
\item four programming tasks:
|
|
|
849 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
|
850 |
\item matcher (4\%, 12.10.)
|
|
|
851 |
\item lexer (5\%, 02.11.)
|
|
|
852 |
\item parser (5\%, 23.11.)
|
|
|
853 |
\item compiler (6\%, 14.12.)
|
|
|
854 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
855 |
\item in any lang.~you like,\\ but I want to see the code
|
|
|
856 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
857 |
\end{column}
|
|
|
858 |
|
|
|
859 |
\hspace{-45pt}\vrule{}\hspace{10pt}
|
|
|
860 |
\begin{column}{.5\textwidth}
|
|
|
861 |
\underline{\bf Strand 2}\smallskip\begin{itemize}
|
|
|
862 |
\item one task: prove the correctness of a regular expression matcher in
|
|
|
863 |
the \underline{Isabelle} theorem prover
|
|
|
864 |
\item 20\%, submission on~14.12.\hspace{-5mm}\mbox{}
|
|
|
865 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
866 |
\end{column}
|
|
|
867 |
\end{columns}\medskip
|
|
|
868 |
|
|
|
869 |
\small
|
|
|
870 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
|
871 |
\item Solving more than one strand will {\bf not} give you more
|
|
|
872 |
marks.
|
|
|
873 |
|
|
|
874 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
875 |
|
|
|
876 |
\end{frame}
|
|
|
877 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
878 |
|
|
|
879 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
880 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
|
881 |
\frametitle{Lecture Capture}
|
|
|
882 |
|
|
|
883 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
|
884 |
\item Hope it works\ldots\pause actually no, it does not!\medskip\pause
|
|
|
885 |
\item It is important to use lecture capture wisely\\ (it is only the ``baseline''):
|
|
|
886 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
|
887 |
\item Lecture recordings are a study and revision aid.
|
|
|
888 |
\item Statistically, there is a clear and direct link between attendance and
|
|
|
889 |
attainment: Students who do not attend lectures, do less well in exams.
|
|
|
890 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
891 |
|
|
|
892 |
\item Attending a lecture is more than watching it online -- if you do not
|
|
|
893 |
attend, you miss out!
|
|
|
894 |
|
|
|
895 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
896 |
|
|
|
897 |
\end{frame}
|
|
|
898 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
899 |
|
|
|
900 |
|
|
|
901 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
902 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
|
903 |
\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}\\[3cm]\alert{Questions?}\end{tabular}}
|
|
|
904 |
|
|
|
905 |
\mbox{}
|
|
|
906 |
\end{frame}
|
|
|
907 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
908 |
\end{document}
|
|
|
909 |
|
|
|
910 |
%%% Local Variables:
|
|
|
911 |
%%% mode: latex
|
|
|
912 |
%%% TeX-master: t
|
|
|
913 |
%%% End:
|
|
|
914 |
|