
diff -r c9da2c4586f2 -r 893e756e18f5 slides/slides01.tex
--- a/slides/slides01.tex	Mon Sep 24 11:05:39 2018 +0100
+++ b/slides/slides01.tex	Tue Sep 25 00:27:06 2018 +0100
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
         xleftmargin=0mm}
 
 \newcommand{\bl}[1]{\textcolor{blue}{#1}}     
-
+ 
 % beamer stuff 
 \renewcommand{\slidecaption}{CFL 01, King's College London}
 
@@ -39,137 +39,58 @@
   \begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}{ll}
   Email:  & christian.urban at kcl.ac.uk\\
-  Office: & N7.07 (North Wing, Bush House)\\
+  Office: & N\liningnums{7.07} (North Wing, Bush House)\\
   Slides: & KEATS
   \end{tabular}
   \end{center}
 
 \end{frame}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{frame}[c]
-\frametitle{The Goal of this Course}
+\begin{frame}[t]
+\frametitle{Why Study Compilers?}
 
-\begin{center}
-  \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1,
-                      node/.style={
-                      rectangle,rounded corners=3mm,
-                      very thick,draw=black!50,minimum height=18mm, minimum width=20mm,
-                      top color=white,bottom color=black!20}]
+John Regehr {\small(LLVM compiler hacker)}\smallskip\\
 
-  \node at (3.05, 1.8) {\Large\bf Write A Compiler};
-
-  \node (0) at (-2.3,0) {}; 
-  
-  \node (A) at (0,0)  [node] {};
-  \node [below right] at (A.north west) {lexer};
-
-  \node (B) at (3,0)  [node] {};
-  \node [below right=1mm] at (B.north west) {\mbox{}\hspace{-1mm}parser};
+\begin{bubble}[10.5cm]
+  \bf ``\ldots{}It’s effectively a perpetual
+  employment act for solid compiler hackers.''
+\end{bubble}
 
-  \node (C) at (6,0)  [node] {};
-  \node [below right] at (C.north west) {\mbox{}\hspace{-1mm}code gen};
-
-  \node (1) at (8.4,0) {}; 
-
-  \draw [->,line width=4mm] (0) -- (A); 
-  \draw [->,line width=4mm] (A) -- (B); 
-  \draw [->,line width=4mm] (B) -- (C); 
-  \draw [->,line width=4mm] (C) -- (1); 
-  \end{tikzpicture}
-  \end{center}
+\onslide<1->{
+\only<2>{
+\begin{itemize}
+\item {\bf Hardware is getting weirder
+  rather than getting clocked faster}
 
-\only<2,3>{
-\begin{textblock}{1}(1,2)
-\begin{bubble}[9.8cm]
-\normalsize
-lexer input: a string\smallskip\\
-\hspace{5mm}\code{"read(n);"}\medskip\\
-lexer output: a sequence of tokens\smallskip\\
-\hspace{5mm}\code{key(read); lpar; id(n); rpar; semi}
-\end{bubble}
-\end{textblock}}
-
+\begin{itemize}
+\item  Almost all processors are
+  multicores nowadays and it looks like there is increasing asymmetry in
+  resources across cores. Processors come with vector units, crypto
+  accelerators etc. We have DSPs, GPUs,
+  ARM big.little, and Xeon Phi. This is only scratching the
+  surface.
+\end{itemize}  
+\end{itemize}}
 \only<3>{
-\begin{textblock}{1}(6,7.8)
-\begin{tabular}{c}
-\includegraphics[scale=0.2]{../pics/rosetta.jpg}\\[-2mm]
-\footnotesize lexing $\Rightarrow$ recognising words (Stone of Rosetta)
-\end{tabular}
-\end{textblock}}
-
-\only<4>{
-\begin{textblock}{1}(1,1.5)
-\begin{bubble}[8.5cm]
-\normalsize
-parser input: a sequence of token\smallskip\\
-parser output: an abstract syntax tree\smallskip\\
-\footnotesize
-\hspace{2cm}\begin{tikzpicture}
-  \node {\code{read}}
-    child {node {\code{lpar}}}
-    child {node {\code{n}}}
-    child {node {\code{rpar}}};
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{bubble}
-\end{textblock}}
-
-\only<5,6>{
-\begin{textblock}{1}(1,1.5)
-\begin{bubble}[4cm]
-\normalsize
-code generator:\smallskip\\
-\hspace{5mm}\code{istore 2}\\ 
-\hspace{5mm}\code{iload 2}\\ 
-\hspace{5mm}\code{ldc 10}\\
-\hspace{5mm}\code{isub}\\
-\hspace{5mm}\code{ifeq Label2}\\ 
-\hspace{5mm}\code{iload 2}\\
-\hspace{5mm}\code{...}\\
-\end{bubble}
-\end{textblock}}
-
-\only<6>{
-\begin{textblock}{6}(8.4,7)
-\begin{bubble}[5cm]
-\mbox{\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.58,rounded corners=0mm]
-\begin{axis}[axis x line=bottom, axis y line=left, ylabel=secs,
-    xlabel=n,
-    enlargelimits=0.05,
-    ybar interval=0.7, legend style=small]
-\addplot file {interpreted2.data};
-\addplot file {compiled2.data};
-%\legend{interpreted, compiled}
-\end{axis}
-\end{tikzpicture}}
-\end{bubble}
-\end{textblock}}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item {\bf We’re getting tired of low-level languages and
+    their associated security disasters}
+  
+\begin{itemize}
+\item 
+  We want to write new code, to
+  whatever extent possible, in safer, higher-level
+  languages. Compilers are caught right in the middle of these
+  opposing trends: one of their main jobs is to help bridge the large
+  and growing gap between increasingly high-level languages and
+  increasingly wacky platforms.
+\end{itemize}  
+\end{itemize}}}
 
 \end{frame}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     
-
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{frame}[c]
-\frametitle{The subject is quite old}
-
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Turing Machines, 1936
-\item Regular Expressions, 1956\\
-\item The first compiler for COBOL, 1957\\ (Grace Hopper)
-\item But surprisingly research papers are still published nowadays
-\end{itemize}
-
-\begin{flushright}
-\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{pics/hopper.jpg}\\
-\footnotesize\textcolor{gray}{Grace Hopper}
-\end{flushright}
-
-\mbox{}\\[-10mm]
-{\footnotesize\textcolor{gray}{(she made it to David Letterman's Tonight Show, \url{http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZOxtURhfEU})}}
-
-\end{frame}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     
 
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 \begin{frame}[c]
@@ -177,7 +98,7 @@
 
 \begin{columns}[t]
 \begin{column}{.5\textwidth}
-Ruby, Python, Java\medskip\\
+Ruby, Python, Java 8\medskip\\
 \begin{tikzpicture}\footnotesize
 \begin{axis}[
     xlabel={$n$},
@@ -195,8 +116,8 @@
     legend entries={Python,Ruby},  
     legend pos=north west,
     legend cell align=left]
-\addplot[blue,mark=*] table {re-python.data};
-\addplot[brown,mark=triangle*] table {re-ruby.data};
+\addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python.data};
+\addplot[brown,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-ruby.data};
 \end{axis}
 \end{tikzpicture}
 \begin{tikzpicture}\footnotesize
@@ -213,9 +134,10 @@
     axis lines=left,
     width=5.5cm,
     height=4cm, 
-    legend entries={Java},  
+    legend entries={Python, Java 8},  
     legend pos=north west,
     legend cell align=left]
+\addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};   
 \addplot[cyan,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-java.data};
 \end{axis}
 \end{tikzpicture}
@@ -260,7 +182,7 @@
 \end{columns}\bigskip
 
 \small\centering
-matching \texttt{[a?]\{n\}[a]\{n\}} and \texttt{[a*]*b}
+matching \texttt{[a?]\{n\}[a]\{n\}} and \texttt{(a*)*b}
 against $\underbrace{\texttt{a}...\texttt{a}}_n$
 \end{frame} 
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
@@ -268,6 +190,148 @@
 
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 \begin{frame}[c]
+\frametitle{The Goal of this Module}
+
+\begin{center}
+  \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1,
+                      node/.style={
+                      rectangle,rounded corners=3mm,
+                      very thick,draw=black!50,minimum height=18mm, minimum width=20mm,
+                      top color=white,bottom color=black!20}]
+
+  \node at (3.05, 1.8) {\Large\bf Write a compiler};
+
+  \node (0) at (-2.3,0) {}; 
+  
+  \node (A) at (0,0)  [node] {};
+  \node [below right] at (A.north west) {lexer};
+
+  \node (B) at (3,0)  [node] {};
+  \node [below right=1mm] at (B.north west) {\mbox{}\hspace{-1mm}parser};
+
+  \node (C) at (6,0)  [node] {};
+  \node [below right] at (C.north west) {\mbox{}\hspace{-1mm}code gen};
+
+  \node (1) at (8.4,0) {}; 
+
+  \draw [->,line width=4mm] (0) -- (A); 
+  \draw [->,line width=4mm] (A) -- (B); 
+  \draw [->,line width=4mm] (B) -- (C); 
+  \draw [->,line width=4mm] (C) -- (1); 
+  \end{tikzpicture}
+  \end{center}
+
+\only<2,3,4>{
+\begin{textblock}{1}(1,2.1)
+\begin{bubble}[9.8cm]
+\normalsize
+lexer input: a string\smallskip\\
+\hspace{5mm}\code{"read(n);"}\medskip\\
+lexer output: a sequence of tokens\smallskip\\
+\hspace{5mm}\code{key(read) lpar id(n) rpar semi}
+\end{bubble}
+\end{textblock}}
+
+\only<3,4>{
+\begin{textblock}{1}(6,7.8)
+\begin{tabular}{c}
+\includegraphics[scale=0.2]{../pics/rosetta.jpg}\\[-2mm]
+\footnotesize lexing $\Rightarrow$ recognising words (Stone of Rosetta)
+\end{tabular}
+\end{textblock}}
+
+\only<4>{
+\begin{textblock}{1}(0.5,12)\small
+\begin{tabular}{l@{}c@{}l}
+  \pcode{if}    & $\;\Rightarrow\;$ & keyword\\
+  \pcode{iffoo} & $\;\Rightarrow\;$ & identifier\\
+\end{tabular}  
+\end{textblock}}
+
+\only<5>{
+\begin{textblock}{1}(1,1.5)
+\begin{bubble}[8.5cm]
+\normalsize
+parser input: a sequence of tokens\smallskip\\
+
+{\small\hspace{5mm}\code{key(read) lpar id(n) rpar semi}}\smallskip\\
+
+parser output: an abstract syntax tree\smallskip\\
+\footnotesize
+\hspace{2cm}\begin{tikzpicture}
+  \node {\code{read}}
+    child {node {\code{lpar}}}
+    child {node {\code{n}}}
+    child {node {\code{rpar}}};
+\end{tikzpicture}
+\end{bubble}
+\end{textblock}}
+
+\only<6,7>{
+\begin{textblock}{1}(1,1.5)
+\begin{bubble}[4cm]
+\normalsize
+code generator:\smallskip\\
+\hspace{5mm}\code{istore 2}\\ 
+\hspace{5mm}\code{iload 2}\\ 
+\hspace{5mm}\code{ldc 10}\\
+\hspace{5mm}\code{isub}\\
+\hspace{5mm}\code{ifeq Label2}\\ 
+\hspace{5mm}\code{iload 2}\\
+\hspace{5mm}\code{...}\\
+\end{bubble}
+\end{textblock}}
+
+\only<7>{
+\begin{textblock}{6}(8.4,7)
+\begin{bubble}[5cm]
+\mbox{\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.58,rounded corners=0mm]
+\begin{axis}[axis x line=bottom, axis y line=left, ylabel=secs,
+    xlabel=n,
+    enlargelimits=0.05,
+    ybar interval=0.7, legend style=small]
+\addplot file {interpreted2.data};
+\addplot file {compiled2.data};
+%\legend{interpreted, compiled}
+\end{axis}
+\end{tikzpicture}}
+\end{bubble}
+\end{textblock}}
+
+\end{frame}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{frame}[c]
+\frametitle{The Acad.~Subject is Mature}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Turing Machines, 1936
+\item Regular Expressions, 1956\\
+\item The first compiler for COBOL, 1957\\ (Grace Hopper)
+\item But surprisingly research papers are still published nowadays\\
+\item ``Parsing: The Solved Problem That Isn't''
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{flushright}
+\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{pics/hopper.jpg}\\
+\footnotesize\textcolor{gray}{Grace Hopper}
+\end{flushright}
+
+
+\begin{flushright}
+\mbox{}\\[-6mm]
+{\footnotesize\textcolor{gray}{(she made it to David Letterman's Tonight Show,\\[-2mm]
+ \url{http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZOxtURhfEU})}}
+\end{flushright}
+
+\end{frame}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%     
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{frame}[c]
 \frametitle{Lectures 1 - 5}
 
 transforming strings into structured data\\[10mm]
@@ -332,7 +396,7 @@
 \begin{itemize}
 \item a web-crawler
 \item an email harvester
-\item \textcolor{gray}{(a web-scraper)}
+%\item \textcolor{gray}{(a web-scraper)}
 \end{itemize}
 
 \end{frame}
@@ -354,7 +418,6 @@
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
 
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\mode<presentation>{
 \begin{frame}[t]
 \frametitle{A Web-Crawler}
 
@@ -371,7 +434,7 @@
 \small (we need a bound for the number of recursive calls)
 
 \small (the purpose is to check all links on my own webpage)
-\end{frame}}
+\end{frame}
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
 
 
@@ -419,13 +482,13 @@
 \frametitle{Scala}
 
 \small A simple Scala function for reading webpages:
-\smallskip
+\bigskip
 
 \footnotesize
 \lstinputlisting{../progs/app0.scala}
 \medskip\pause
 
-\lstinline{get_page("""http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/""")}
+\lstinline{get_page("""https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/""")}
 \bigskip\medskip\pause
 
 
@@ -433,7 +496,7 @@
 \smallskip
 
 \footnotesize
-\lstinputlisting{../progs/app1.scala}
+\lstinputlisting[xleftmargin=-4mm]{../progs/app1.scala}
 
 
 \end{frame}
@@ -456,14 +519,17 @@
 
 matches for example\smallskip\\  
 \hspace{2mm}\code{"http://www.foobar.com"}\\
-\hspace{2mm}\code{"https://www.tls.org"}\\
+\hspace{2mm}\code{"https://www.tls.org"}\smallskip\\
+
+but not\smallskip\\  
+\hspace{2mm}\code{"http://www."foo"bar.com"}\\
 
 \end{frame}
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   
 
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{frame}[t]
-\frametitle{Finding Operations}
+\begin{frame}[c]
+\frametitle{Finding Operations in Scala}
 
 {\bf\code{rexp.findAllIn(string)}}\medskip
   
@@ -497,7 +563,7 @@
 \begin{frame}[c]
 
 \small
-A version that only crawls links in ``my'' domain:
+A version that only crawls links in ``my'' domain:\bigskip
 
 \footnotesize
 \lstinputlisting{../progs/app3.scala}
@@ -650,7 +716,7 @@
 \frametitle{The Meaning of Matching}
 
 \begin{bubble}[10cm]
-\large
+\large\bf 
 A regular expression \bl{$r$} matches a string~\bl{$s$} 
 provided
 
@@ -674,7 +740,7 @@
 \begin{itemize}
 \item Accounts for 80\%.\bigskip
 
-\item You will understand the question ``\textit{Is this relevant for
+\item The question ``\textit{Is this relevant for
       the exam?}'' is very demotivating for the lecturer!\bigskip\\
 
 \item Deal: Whatever is in the homework (and is not marked
@@ -701,11 +767,12 @@
 \begin{itemize}
 \item four programming tasks:
 \begin{itemize}
-\item matcher (4\%, 19.10.) 
-\item lexer (5\%, 03.11.)
+\item matcher (4\%, 12.10.) 
+\item lexer (5\%, 02.11.)
 \item parser (5\%, 23.11.)
-\item compiler (6\%, 7.12.)
+\item compiler (6\%, 14.12.)
 \end{itemize}
+\item in any lang.~you like,\\ but I want to see the code
 \end{itemize}
 \end{column}
 
@@ -713,8 +780,8 @@
 \begin{column}{.5\textwidth}
 \underline{\bf Strand 2}\smallskip\begin{itemize}
 \item one task: prove the correctness of a regular expression matcher in 
-the Isabelle theorem prover
-\item 20\%, submission 7.12.
+the \underline{Isabelle} theorem prover
+\item 20\%, submission on~14.12.\hspace{-5mm}\mbox{}
 \end{itemize}
 \end{column}
 \end{columns}\medskip
@@ -734,8 +801,8 @@
 \frametitle{Lecture Capture}
 
 \begin{itemize}
-\item Hope it works\ldots\medskip\pause
-\item It is important to use lecture capture wisely:
+\item Hope it works\ldots\pause actually no, it does not!\medskip\pause
+\item It is important to use lecture capture wisely\\ (it is only the ``baseline''):
 \begin{itemize}  
 \item Lecture recordings are a study and revision aid.
 \item Statistically, there is a clear and direct link between attendance and




