diff -r c112a6cb5e52 -r 183663740fb7 progs/compile_arr2.scala
--- a/progs/compile_arr2.scala	Tue Jan 28 12:23:53 2020 +0000
+++ b/progs/compile_arr2.scala	Mon Feb 03 01:10:16 2020 +0000
@@ -8,9 +8,12 @@
 //
 // Call with
 //
-// scala compiler_arr.scala
+// scala compile_arr.scala
 
-
+// Mandelbrot
+// mand.j size       232266
+// mand.class size   21787
+// running time      16 secs
 
 // the abstract syntax trees
 abstract class Stmt
@@ -101,14 +104,28 @@
   case "*" => i"imul"
 }
 
+
+def compile_num(i: Int) = 
+  if (0 <= i && i <= 5) i"iconst_$i" else 
+  if (-128 <= i && i <= 127) i"bipush $i" else i"ldc $i"
+
+def compile_aload(i: Int) = 
+  if (0 <= i && i <= 3) i"aload_$i" else i"aload $i"
+
+def compile_iload(i: Int) = 
+  if (0 <= i && i <= 3) i"iload_$i" else i"iload $i"
+
+def compile_istore(i: Int) = 
+  if (0 <= i && i <= 3) i"istore_$i" else i"istore $i"
+
 // arithmetic expression compilation
 def compile_aexp(a: AExp, env : Env) : String = a match {
-  case Num(i) => i"ldc $i"
-  case Var(s) => i"iload ${env(s)}"
+  case Num(i) => compile_num(i)
+  case Var(s) => compile_iload(env(s))
   case Aop(op, a1, a2) => 
     compile_aexp(a1, env) ++ compile_aexp(a2, env) ++ compile_op(op)
-  case Ref(s, a) =>
-    i"aload ${env(s)}" ++ compile_aexp(a, env) ++  i"iaload"
+  case Ref(s, a) => 
+    compile_aload(env(s)) ++ compile_aexp(a, env) ++  i"iaload"
 }
 
 def compile_bop(op: String, jmp: String) = op match {
@@ -117,6 +134,7 @@
   case "<"  => i"if_icmpge $jmp"
 }
 
+
 // boolean expression compilation
 def compile_bexp(b: BExp, env : Env, jmp: String) : String = b match {
   case True => ""
@@ -129,8 +147,8 @@
 def compile_stmt(s: Stmt, env: Env) : (String, Env) = s match {
   case Skip => ("", env)
   case Assign(x, a) => {
-     val index = env.getOrElse(x, env.keys.size)
-    (compile_aexp(a, env) ++ i"istore $index \t\t; $x", env + (x -> index)) 
+     val index = env.getOrElse(x, env.keys.size) //
+    (compile_aexp(a, env) ++ compile_istore(index), env + (x -> index)) 
   } 
   case If(b, bl1, bl2) => {
     val if_else = Fresh("If_else")
@@ -155,12 +173,12 @@
      l"$loop_end", env1)
   }
   case Write(x) => 
-    (i"iload ${env(x)} \t\t; $x" ++ 
+    (compile_iload(env(x)) ++
      i"invokestatic XXX/XXX/write(I)V", env)
   case Read(x) => {
     val index = env.getOrElse(x, env.keys.size) 
-    (i"invokestatic XXX/XXX/read()I" ++ 
-     i"istore $index \t\t; $x", env + (x -> index))
+    (i"invokestatic XXX/XXX/read()I" ++     
+     compile_istore(index), env + (x -> index))
   }
   case ArrayDef(s: String, n: Int) => {
     val index = if (env.isDefinedAt(s)) throw new Exception("array def error") else 
@@ -172,7 +190,7 @@
   case AssignA(s, a1, a2) => {
     val index = if (env.isDefinedAt(s)) env(s) else 
                     throw new Exception("array not defined")
-    (i"aload ${env(s)}" ++
+    (compile_aload(env(s)) ++
      compile_aexp(a1, env) ++
      compile_aexp(a2, env) ++
      i"iastore", env)
@@ -197,6 +215,32 @@
 }
 
 
+// Fibonacci numbers as a test-case
+val fib_test = 
+  List(Read("n"),                       //  read n;                     
+       Assign("minus1",Num(0)),         //  minus1 := 0;
+       Assign("minus2",Num(1)),         //  minus2 := 1;
+       Assign("temp",Num(0)),           //  temp := 0;
+       While(Bop("<",Num(0),Var("n")),  //  while n > 0 do  {
+          List(Assign("temp",Var("minus2")),    //  temp := minus2;
+               Assign("minus2",Aop("+",Var("minus1"),Var("minus2"))), 
+                                        //  minus2 := minus1 + minus2;
+               Assign("minus1",Var("temp")), //  minus1 := temp;
+               Assign("n",Aop("-",Var("n"),Num(1))))), //  n := n - 1 };
+       Write("minus1"))                 //  write minus1
+
+// prints out the JVM-assembly instructions for fib
+//
+// println(compile(fib_test, "fib"))
+//
+// can be assembled by hand with 
+//
+//    java -jar jvm/jasmin-2.4/jasmin.jar fib.j
+//
+// and started with
+//
+//    java fib/fib
+
 import scala.util._
 import scala.sys.process._
 
@@ -219,20 +263,422 @@
   println("generated .j file")
   (s"java -jar jvm/jasmin-2.4/jasmin.jar ${class_name}.j").!!
   println("generated .class file ")
-  println("Time: " + time_needed(1, (s"java ${class_name}/${class_name}").!)._1)
+  println("Time: " + time_needed(3, (s"java ${class_name}/${class_name}").!)._1)
 }
 
 
 val arr_test = 
-  List(ArrayDef("a", 10),               // new(a[10])
-       ArrayDef("b", 2),                // new(b[2])
-       AssignA("a", Num(0), Num(10)),   // a[0] := 10
-       Assign("x", Ref("a", Num(0))),   // x := a[0]
-       Write("x"),                      // write x
-       AssignA("b", Num(2), Num(5)),    // b[2] := 5
-       Assign("x", Ref("b", Num(1))),   // x := b[1]
-       Write("x"))                      // write x
+  List(ArrayDef("a", 10),
+       ArrayDef("b", 2),
+       AssignA("a", Num(0), Num(10)),
+       Assign("x", Ref("a", Num(0))),
+       Write("x"),
+       AssignA("b", Num(1), Num(5)),
+       Assign("x", Ref("b", Num(1))),
+       Write("x"))       
+
+
+//compile_and_run(arr_test, "a")
+
+//====================
+// Parser Combinators
+//====================
+
+import scala.language.implicitConversions
+import scala.language.reflectiveCalls
+
+// more convenience for the semantic actions later on
+case class ~[+A, +B](_1: A, _2: B)
+
+type IsSeq[A] = A => Seq[_]
+
+abstract class Parser[I : IsSeq, T] {
+  def parse(ts: I): Set[(T, I)]
+
+  def parse_all(ts: I) : Set[T] =
+    for ((head, tail) <- parse(ts); if (tail.isEmpty)) yield head
+}
+
+class SeqParser[I : IsSeq, T, S](p: => Parser[I, T], q: => Parser[I, S]) extends Parser[I, ~[T, S]] {
+  def parse(sb: I) = 
+    for ((head1, tail1) <- p.parse(sb); 
+         (head2, tail2) <- q.parse(tail1)) yield (new ~(head1, head2), tail2)
+}
+
+class AltParser[I : IsSeq, T](p: => Parser[I, T], q: => Parser[I, T]) extends Parser[I, T] {
+  def parse(sb: I) = p.parse(sb) ++ q.parse(sb)   
+}
+
+class FunParser[I : IsSeq, T, S](p: => Parser[I, T], f: T => S) extends Parser[I, S] {
+  def parse(sb: I) = 
+    for ((head, tail) <- p.parse(sb)) yield (f(head), tail)
+}
+
+
+import scala.util.matching.Regex
+case class RegexParser(reg: Regex) extends Parser[String, String] {
+  def parse(sb: String) = reg.findPrefixMatchOf(sb) match {
+    case None => Set()
+    case Some(m) => Set((m.matched, m.after.toString))  
+  }
+}
+
+def StringParser(s: String) = RegexParser(Regex.quote(s).r)
+
+
+implicit def string2parser(s : String) = StringParser(s)
+
+implicit def ParserOps[I : IsSeq, T](p: Parser[I, T]) = new {
+  def | (q : => Parser[I, T]) = new AltParser[I, T](p, q)
+  def ==>[S] (f: => T => S) = new FunParser[I, T, S](p, f)
+  def ~[S] (q : => Parser[I, S]) = new SeqParser[I, T, S](p, q)
+}
+
+implicit def StringOps(s: String) = new {
+  def | (q : => Parser[String, String]) = new AltParser[String, String](s, q)
+  def | (r: String) = new AltParser[String, String](s, r)
+  def ==>[S] (f: => String => S) = new FunParser[String, String, S](s, f)
+  def ~[S](q : => Parser[String, S]) = 
+    new SeqParser[String, String, S](s, q)
+  def ~ (r: String) = 
+    new SeqParser[String, String, String](s, r)
+}
+
+
+val NumParser = RegexParser("[0-9]+".r) ==> (s => s.toInt : Int)
+val IdParser = RegexParser("[a-z][a-z,0-9]*".r)
+
+
+
+// Grammar Rules for WHILE with arrays
+
+lazy val AExp: Parser[String, AExp] = 
+  (Te ~ "+" ~ AExp) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Aop("+", x, z):AExp } |
+  (Te ~ "-" ~ AExp) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Aop("-", x, z):AExp } | Te
+lazy val Te: Parser[String, AExp] = 
+  (Fa ~ "*" ~ Te) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Aop("*", x, z):AExp } | Fa
+lazy val Fa: Parser[String, AExp] = 
+   ("(" ~ AExp ~ ")") ==> { case _ ~ y ~ _ => y } | 
+   (IdParser ~ "[" ~ AExp ~ "]") ==> { case x ~ _ ~ y ~ _ => Ref(x, y) } |
+   IdParser ==> Var | 
+   NumParser ==> Num
+
+// boolean expressions
+lazy val BExp: Parser[String, BExp] = 
+   (AExp ~ "=" ~ AExp) ==> { case x ~ y ~ z => Bop("=", x, z):BExp } | 
+   (AExp ~ "!=" ~ AExp) ==> { case x ~ y ~ z => Bop("!=", x, z):BExp } | 
+   (AExp ~ "<" ~ AExp) ==> { case x ~ y ~ z => Bop("<", x, z):BExp } | 
+   (AExp ~ ">" ~ AExp) ==> { case x ~ y ~ z => Bop("<", z, x):BExp } | 
+   ("true" ==> ((_) => True:BExp )) | 
+   ("false" ==> ((_) => False:BExp )) |
+   ("(" ~ BExp ~ ")") ==> { case x ~ y ~ z => y}
+
+lazy val Stmt: Parser[String, Stmt] =
+   ("skip" ==> (_ => Skip: Stmt)) |
+   (IdParser ~ ":=" ~ AExp) ==> { case x ~ y ~z => Assign(x, z): Stmt } |
+   (IdParser ~ "[" ~ AExp ~ "]" ~ ":=" ~ AExp) ==> { 
+     case x ~ _ ~ z ~ _ ~ _ ~ u => AssignA(x, z, u): Stmt } |
+   ("if" ~ BExp ~ "then" ~ Block ~ "else" ~ Block) ==>
+    { case _ ~ y ~ _ ~ u ~ _ ~w => If(y, u, w): Stmt } |
+   ("while" ~ BExp ~ "do" ~ Block) ==> { case _ ~ y ~ _ ~ w => While(y, w) } |
+   ("new(" ~ IdParser ~ "[" ~ NumParser ~ "])") ==> { 
+    case _ ~ y ~ _ ~ u ~ _ => ArrayDef(y, u) } |
+   ("write" ~ IdParser) ==> { case _ ~ y => Write(y) } 
+ 
+lazy val Stmts: Parser[String, Block] =
+  (Stmt ~ ";" ~ Stmts) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => x :: z : Block } |
+  (Stmt ==> ((s) => List(s) : Block)) 
+
+
+lazy val Block: Parser[String, Block] =
+   ("{" ~ Stmts ~ "}") ==> { case _ ~ y ~ _ => y} | 
+   (Stmt ==> (s => List(s)))
+
+//Stmts.parse_all("x2:=5+a")
+//Stmts.parse_all("x2:=5+a[3+a]")
+//Stmts.parse_all("a[x2+3]:=5+a[3+a]")
+//Block.parse_all("{x:=5;y:=8}")
+//Block.parse_all("if(false)then{x:=5}else{x:=10}")
+
+
+
+val fib = """
+   n := 10;
+   minus1 := 0;
+   minus2 := 1;
+   temp:=0;
+   while (n > 0) do {
+     temp := minus2; 
+     minus2 := minus1 + minus2;
+     minus1 := temp;
+     n := n - 1};
+   result := minus2;
+   write result
+   """.replaceAll("\\s+", "")
+
+val fib_prog = Stmts.parse_all(fib).toList
+//compile_and_run(fib_prog.head, "fib")
+
+//======================================
+// BF transpiler into WHILE with arrays
+//======================================
+
+// simple BF instructions translation
+def instr(c: Char) : String = c match {
+  case '>' => "ptr := ptr + 1;"
+  case '<' => "ptr := ptr - 1;"
+  case '+' => "mem[ptr] := mem[ptr] + 1;"
+  case '-' => "mem[ptr] := mem[ptr] - 1;"
+  case '.' => "x := mem[ptr]; write x;"
+  //case ',' => "XXX" // "ptr = getchar();\n"
+  case '['  => "while (mem[ptr] != 0) do {"
+  case ']'  => "skip};"
+  case _ => ""
+}
+
+def instrs(prog: String) : String =
+  prog.toList.map(instr).mkString
 
 
-compile_and_run(arr_test, "a")
+// Note: the mandelbrot.bf program is so large that
+// it does not fit inside the limitations of what the
+// JVM imposes on methods (only 64K of instructions).
+// Therefore some optimisations are first applied to 
+// BF programs before WHILE programs are created. The
+// optimisations are 
+//  
+//  - replacing BF-loops of the form [-] 
+//  - combining single increment/decrement instructions
+//
+// The size of the resulting .j-file is 270K.
+
+def splice(cs: List[Char], acc: List[(Char, Int)]) : List[(Char, Int)] = (cs, acc) match {
+  case (Nil, acc) => acc
+  case (c :: cs, Nil) => splice(cs, List((c, 1)))
+  case (c :: cs, (d, n) :: acc) => 
+    if (c == d) splice(cs, (c, n + 1) :: acc)
+    else splice(cs, (c, 1) :: (d, n) :: acc)
+}
+
+def spl(s: String) = splice(s.toList, Nil).reverse
+
+def instr2(c: Char, n: Int) : String = c match {
+  case '>' => s"ptr := ptr + $n;"
+  case '<' => s"ptr := ptr - $n;"
+  case '0' => s"mem[ptr] := 0;"
+  case '+' => s"mem[ptr] := mem[ptr] + $n;"
+  case '-' => s"mem[ptr] := mem[ptr] - $n;"
+  case '.' => s"x := mem[ptr]; write x;" 
+  case '['  => "while (mem[ptr] != 0) do {" * n 
+  case ']'  => "skip};" * n
+  case _ => ""
+}
+
+def instrs2(prog: String) : String =
+  spl(prog.replaceAll("""\[-\]""", "0")).map{ case (c, n) => instr2(c, n) }.mkString
+
+def bf_str(prog: String) : String = {
+  "new(mem[30000]);" ++
+  "ptr := 15000;" ++
+  instrs2(prog) ++
+  "skip"
+}
+
+def bf_run(prog: String, name: String) = {
+  println(s"BF pre-processing of $name")
+  val bf_string = bf_str(prog).replaceAll("\\s", "")
+  println(s"BF parsing (program length ${bf_string.length} characters)")
+  val (time, bf_prog) = time_needed(1, Stmts.parse_all(bf_string).toList.head)
+  println(s"BF generated WHILE program (needed $time for parsing)")
+  compile_and_run(bf_prog, name)
+}
+
+// a benchmark program (counts down from 'Z' to 'A')
+val bf0 = """>++[<+++++++++++++>-]<[[>+>+<<-]>[<+>-]++++++++
+            [>++++++++<-]>.[-]<<>++++++++++[>++++++++++[>++
+            ++++++++[>++++++++++[>++++++++++[>++++++++++[>+
+            +++++++++[-]<-]<-]<-]<-]<-]<-]<-]++++++++++."""
+
+bf_run(bf0, "bench")
+
+// Sierpinski triangle
+val bf1 = """++++++++[>+>++++<<-]>++>>+<[-[>>+<<-]+>>]>+[-<<<[
+      ->[+[-]+>++>>>-<<]<[<]>>++++++[<<+++++>>-]+<<++.[-]<<
+      ]>.>+[>>]>+]"""
+
+bf_run(bf1, "sier")
+
+// Helo World!
+bf_run("""++++++++[>++++[>++>+++>+++>+<<<<-]>+>+>->>+[<]<-]>>.>---.+++++++
+       ..+++.>>.<-.<.+++.------.--------.>>+.>++.""", "hello")
+
+// Fibonacci 
+val bf2 = """+++++++++++
+      >+>>>>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+      >++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<<<<<<[>[>>>>>>+>
+      +<<<<<<<-]>>>>>>>[<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>-]<[>++++++++++[-
+      <-[>>+>+<<<-]>>>[<<<+>>>-]+<[>[-]<[-]]>[<<[>>>+<<<
+      -]>>[-]]<<]>>>[>>+>+<<<-]>>>[<<<+>>>-]+<[>[-]<[-]]
+      >[<<+>>[-]]<<<<<<<]>>>>>[+++++++++++++++++++++++++
+      +++++++++++++++++++++++.[-]]++++++++++<[->-<]>++++
+      ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++.[-]<<
+      <<<<<<<<<<[>>>+>+<<<<-]>>>>[<<<<+>>>>-]<-[>>.>.<<<
+      [-]]<<[>>+>+<<<-]>>>[<<<+>>>-]<<[<+>-]>[<+>-]<<<-]"""
+
+bf_run(bf2, "fibs")
+
+// Mandelbrot Set
+//----------------
+//
+// Note: Parsing of the generated WHILE program (around 60K in size)
+// takes approximately 10 minutes
+
+
 
+bf_run("""A mandelbrot set fractal viewer in brainf*** written by Erik Bosman
++++++++++++++[->++>>>+++++>++>+<<<<<<]>>>>>++++++>--->>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[
+>>>>>>>>>]+[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>>>>>>>>[-]>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>[-]+
+<<<<<<<+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>>+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+[>>>>>>[>>>>>>>[-]>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>
+>>>>>[-]+<<<<<<++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>+<<<<<<+++++++[-[->>>
+>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[[-]>>>>>>[>>>>>
+>>[-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>
+[>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<
+<<]>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[
+>>>>>>>>>]+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[
+>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<[->>[
+-<<+>>]<<[->>+>>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<
+<<[>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[>[-]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>
+>>>>[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+
+<<<<<<[->>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<
++>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<
+<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>
+>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>+<<<[<<<<<<
+<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>->[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<
+<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->
+>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<
+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<[->+>>>-<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++++++
++++++++>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<[-]<<]>>[<<<<<<<+<[-<+>>>>+<<[-]]>[-<<[->+>>>-
+<<<<]>>>]>>>>>>>>>>>>>[>>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]>>>>>>[>>>>>
+[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>[-<<<<<<<<
+<+>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>>>>>>]+>[-
+]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<
+<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<<[->>[-<<+>>]<
+<[->>+>+<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[->>>>
+>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>
+[-<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>]<<[->>+<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-<
+<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>+>>>>>>>>
+]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<<[->>[-<<+
+>>]<<[->>+>>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>
+[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-
+]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>
+[>>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>
+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>++++++++
++++++++[[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[
+-]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>+>[-<-<<<<+>>>>>]>[-<<<<<<[->>>>>+<++<<<<]>>>>>[-<
+<<<<+>>>>>]<->+>]<[->+<]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<]>>>>>>[-]<<<<<<+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<
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