--- a/hws/hw02.tex Wed Apr 06 12:18:54 2016 +0100
+++ b/hws/hw02.tex Wed Apr 06 15:55:01 2016 +0100
@@ -8,39 +8,42 @@
\HEADER
\begin{enumerate}
-\item What is the language recognised by the regular expressions
- $(\varnothing^*)^*$.
+
+\item What is the language recognised by the regular
+ expressions $(\ZERO^*)^*$.
-\item Review the first handout about sets of strings and read the
- second handout. Assuming the alphabet is the set $\{a, b\}$, decide
- which of the following equations are true in general for arbitrary
- languages $A$, $B$ and $C$:
+\item Review the first handout about sets of strings and read
+ the second handout. Assuming the alphabet is the set
+ $\{a, b\}$, decide which of the following equations are
+ true in general for arbitrary languages $A$, $B$ and
+ $C$:
- \begin{eqnarray}
- (A \cup B) @ C & =^? & A @ C \cup B @ C\nonumber\\
- A^* \cup B^* & =^? & (A \cup B)^*\nonumber\\
- A^* @ A^* & =^? & A^*\nonumber\\
- (A \cap B)@ C & =^? & (A@C) \cap (B@C)\nonumber
- \end{eqnarray}
+ \begin{eqnarray}
+ (A \cup B) @ C & =^? & A @ C \cup B @ C\nonumber\\
+ A^* \cup B^* & =^? & (A \cup B)^*\nonumber\\
+ A^* @ A^* & =^? & A^*\nonumber\\
+ (A \cap B)@ C & =^? & (A@C) \cap (B@C)\nonumber
+ \end{eqnarray}
- \noindent In case an equation is true, give an explanation; otherwise
- give a counter-example.
+ \noindent In case an equation is true, give an
+ explanation; otherwise give a counter-example.
-\item Given the regular expressions $r_1 = \epsilon$ and $r_2 =
- \varnothing$ and $r_3 = a$. How many strings can the regular
- expressions $r_1^*$, $r_2^*$ and $r_3^*$ each match?
+\item Given the regular expressions $r_1 = \ONE$ and $r_2 =
+ \ZERO$ and $r_3 = a$. How many strings can the regular
+ expressions $r_1^*$, $r_2^*$ and $r_3^*$ each match?
-\item Give regular expressions for (a) decimal numbers and for (b)
- binary numbers. (Hint: Observe that the empty string is not a
- number. Also observe that leading 0s are normally not written.)
+\item Give regular expressions for (a) decimal numbers and for
+ (b) binary numbers. (Hint: Observe that the empty string
+ is not a number. Also observe that leading 0s are
+ normally not written.)
\item Decide whether the following two regular expressions are
- equivalent $(\epsilon + a)^* \equiv^? a^*$ and $(a \cdot b)^* \cdot
- a \equiv^? a \cdot (b \cdot a)^*$.
+ equivalent $(\ONE + a)^* \equiv^? a^*$ and $(a \cdot
+ b)^* \cdot a \equiv^? a \cdot (b \cdot a)^*$.
-\item Given the regular expression $r = (a \cdot b + b)^*$. Compute
- what the derivative of $r$ is with respect to $a$, $b$ and $c$. Is
- $r$ nullable?
+\item Given the regular expression $r = (a \cdot b + b)^*$.
+ Compute what the derivative of $r$ is with respect to
+ $a$, $b$ and $c$. Is $r$ nullable?
\item Prove that for all regular expressions $r$ we have
@@ -49,8 +52,8 @@
\quad [] \in L(r)$
\end{center}
- Write down clearly in each case what you need to prove and
- what are the assumptions.
+ Write down clearly in each case what you need to prove
+ and what are the assumptions.
\item Define what is meant by the derivative of a regular
expressions with respect to a character. (Hint: The
@@ -62,42 +65,42 @@
$Der\,c\,A \dn \{ s \;|\; c\!::\!s \in A\}$
\end{center}
- What is the relation between $Der$ and the notion of derivative of
- regular expressions?
+ What is the relation between $Der$ and the notion of
+ derivative of regular expressions?
\item Give a regular expression over the alphabet $\{a,b\}$
- recognising all strings that do not contain any substring $bb$ and
- end in $a$.
+ recognising all strings that do not contain any
+ substring $bb$ and end in $a$.
-\item Do $(a + b)^* \cdot b^+$ and $(a^* \cdot b^+) + (b^*\cdot b^+)$ define
- the same language?
+\item Do $(a + b)^* \cdot b^+$ and $(a^* \cdot b^+) +
+ (b^*\cdot b^+)$ define the same language?
\item Define the function $zeroable$ by recursion over regular
- expressions. This function should satisfy the property
+ expressions. This function should satisfy the property
\[
- zeroable(r) \;\;\text{if and only if}\;\;L(r) = \varnothing\qquad(*)
+ zeroable(r) \;\;\text{if and only if}\;\;L(r) = \{\}\qquad(*)
\]
- The function $nullable$ for the not-regular expressions can be defined
- by
+ The function $nullable$ for the not-regular expressions
+ can be defined by
\[
nullable(\sim r) \dn \neg(nullable(r))
\]
- Unfortunately, a similar definition for $zeroable$ does not satisfy
- the property in $(*)$:
+ Unfortunately, a similar definition for $zeroable$ does
+ not satisfy the property in $(*)$:
\[
zeroable(\sim r) \dn \neg(zeroable(r))
\]
- Find out why?
+ Find out why?
-\item Give a regular expressions that can recognise all strings from the
- language $\{a^n\;|\;\exists k. n = 3 k + 1 \}$.
-\end{enumerate}
+\item Give a regular expressions that can recognise all
+ strings from the language $\{a^n\;|\;\exists k.\; n = 3 k
+ + 1 \}$. \end{enumerate}
\end{document}