250     case List(t) => t  | 
   250     case List(t) => t  | 
   251     case _ => { println ("Parse Error\n") ; sys.exit(-1) } | 
   251     case _ => { println ("Parse Error\n") ; sys.exit(-1) } | 
   252   }  | 
   252   }  | 
   253 }  | 
   253 }  | 
   254   | 
   254   | 
         | 
   255 // convenience for matching later on  | 
         | 
   256 case class ~[+A, +B](_1: A, _2: B)  | 
         | 
   257   | 
         | 
   258   | 
   255 class SeqParser[I, T, S](p: => Parser[I, T],   | 
   259 class SeqParser[I, T, S](p: => Parser[I, T],   | 
   256                          q: => Parser[I, S])(implicit ev: I => Seq[_]) extends Parser[I, (T, S)] { | 
   260                          q: => Parser[I, S])(implicit ev: I => Seq[_]) extends Parser[I, ~[T, S]] { | 
   257   def parse(sb: I) =   | 
   261   def parse(sb: I) =   | 
   258     for ((head1, tail1) <- p.parse(sb);   | 
   262     for ((head1, tail1) <- p.parse(sb);   | 
   259          (head2, tail2) <- q.parse(tail1)) yield ((head1, head2), tail2)  | 
   263          (head2, tail2) <- q.parse(tail1)) yield (new ~(head1, head2), tail2)  | 
   260 }  | 
   264 }  | 
   261   | 
   265   | 
   262 class AltParser[I, T](p: => Parser[I, T],   | 
   266 class AltParser[I, T](p: => Parser[I, T],   | 
   263                       q: => Parser[I, T])(implicit ev: I => Seq[_]) extends Parser[I, T] { | 
   267                       q: => Parser[I, T])(implicit ev: I => Seq[_]) extends Parser[I, T] { | 
   264   def parse(sb: I) = p.parse(sb) ++ q.parse(sb)     | 
   268   def parse(sb: I) = p.parse(sb) ++ q.parse(sb)     | 
   335 // Grammar Rules for Fun  | 
   339 // Grammar Rules for Fun  | 
   336   | 
   340   | 
   337 // arithmetic expressions  | 
   341 // arithmetic expressions  | 
   338 lazy val Exp: Parser[List[Token], Exp] =   | 
   342 lazy val Exp: Parser[List[Token], Exp] =   | 
   339   (T_KWD("if") ~ BExp ~ T_KWD("then") ~ Exp ~ T_KWD("else") ~ Exp) ==> | 
   343   (T_KWD("if") ~ BExp ~ T_KWD("then") ~ Exp ~ T_KWD("else") ~ Exp) ==> | 
   340     { case (((((x, y), z), u), v), w) => If(y, u, w): Exp } || | 
   344     { case _ ~ y ~ _ ~ u ~ _ ~ w => If(y, u, w): Exp } || | 
   341   (M ~ T_SEMI ~ Exp) ==> { case ((x, y), z) => Sequence(x, z): Exp } || M | 
   345   (M ~ T_SEMI ~ Exp) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Sequence(x, z): Exp } || M | 
   342 lazy val M: Parser[List[Token], Exp] =  | 
   346 lazy val M: Parser[List[Token], Exp] =  | 
   343   (T_KWD("write") ~ L) ==> { case (x, y) => Write(y): Exp } || L | 
   347   (T_KWD("write") ~ L) ==> { case _ ~ y => Write(y): Exp } || L | 
   344 lazy val L: Parser[List[Token], Exp] =   | 
   348 lazy val L: Parser[List[Token], Exp] =   | 
   345   (T ~ T_OP("+") ~ Exp) ==> { case ((x, y), z) => Aop("+", x, z): Exp } || | 
   349   (T ~ T_OP("+") ~ Exp) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Aop("+", x, z): Exp } || | 
   346   (T ~ T_OP("-") ~ Exp) ==> { case ((x, y), z) => Aop("-", x, z): Exp } || T   | 
   350   (T ~ T_OP("-") ~ Exp) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Aop("-", x, z): Exp } || T   | 
   347 lazy val T: Parser[List[Token], Exp] =   | 
   351 lazy val T: Parser[List[Token], Exp] =   | 
   348   (F ~ T_OP("*") ~ T) ==> { case ((x, y), z) => Aop("*", x, z): Exp } ||  | 
   352   (F ~ T_OP("*") ~ T) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Aop("*", x, z): Exp } ||  | 
   349   (F ~ T_OP("/") ~ T) ==> { case ((x, y), z) => Aop("/", x, z): Exp } ||  | 
   353   (F ~ T_OP("/") ~ T) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Aop("/", x, z): Exp } ||  | 
   350   (F ~ T_OP("%") ~ T) ==> { case ((x, y), z) => Aop("%", x, z): Exp } || F | 
   354   (F ~ T_OP("%") ~ T) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Aop("%", x, z): Exp } || F | 
   351 lazy val F: Parser[List[Token], Exp] =   | 
   355 lazy val F: Parser[List[Token], Exp] =   | 
   352   (IdParser ~ T_LPAREN ~ ListParser(Exp, T_COMMA) ~ T_RPAREN) ==>   | 
   356   (IdParser ~ T_LPAREN ~ ListParser(Exp, T_COMMA) ~ T_RPAREN) ==>   | 
   353     { case (((x, y), z), w) => Call(x, z): Exp } || | 
   357     { case x ~ _ ~ z ~ _ => Call(x, z): Exp } || | 
   354   (T_LPAREN ~ Exp ~ T_RPAREN) ==> { case ((x, y), z) => y: Exp } ||  | 
   358   (T_LPAREN ~ Exp ~ T_RPAREN) ==> { case _ ~ y ~ _ => y: Exp } ||  | 
   355   IdParser ==> { case x => Var(x): Exp } ||  | 
   359   IdParser ==> { case x => Var(x): Exp } ||  | 
   356   NumParser ==> { case x => Num(x): Exp } | 
   360   NumParser ==> { case x => Num(x): Exp } | 
   357   | 
   361   | 
   358 // boolean expressions  | 
   362 // boolean expressions  | 
   359 lazy val BExp: Parser[List[Token], BExp] =   | 
   363 lazy val BExp: Parser[List[Token], BExp] =   | 
   360   (Exp ~ T_OP("==") ~ Exp) ==> { case ((x, y), z) => Bop("==", x, z): BExp } ||  | 
   364   (Exp ~ T_OP("==") ~ Exp) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Bop("==", x, z): BExp } ||  | 
   361   (Exp ~ T_OP("!=") ~ Exp) ==> { case ((x, y), z) => Bop("!=", x, z): BExp } ||  | 
   365   (Exp ~ T_OP("!=") ~ Exp) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Bop("!=", x, z): BExp } ||  | 
   362   (Exp ~ T_OP("<") ~ Exp) ==> { case ((x, y), z) => Bop("<", x, z): BExp } ||  | 
   366   (Exp ~ T_OP("<") ~ Exp) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Bop("<", x, z): BExp } ||  | 
   363   (Exp ~ T_OP(">") ~ Exp) ==> { case ((x, y), z) => Bop("<", z, x): BExp } ||  | 
   367   (Exp ~ T_OP(">") ~ Exp) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Bop("<", z, x): BExp } ||  | 
   364   (Exp ~ T_OP("<=") ~ Exp) ==> { case ((x, y), z) => Bop("<=", x, z): BExp } ||  | 
   368   (Exp ~ T_OP("<=") ~ Exp) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Bop("<=", x, z): BExp } ||  | 
   365   (Exp ~ T_OP("=>") ~ Exp) ==> { case ((x, y), z) => Bop("<=", z, x): BExp }   | 
   369   (Exp ~ T_OP("=>") ~ Exp) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Bop("<=", z, x): BExp }   | 
   366   | 
   370   | 
   367 lazy val Defn: Parser[List[Token], Decl] =  | 
   371 lazy val Defn: Parser[List[Token], Decl] =  | 
   368    (T_KWD("def") ~ IdParser ~ T_LPAREN ~ ListParser(IdParser, T_COMMA) ~ T_RPAREN ~ T_OP("=") ~ Exp) ==> | 
   372    (T_KWD("def") ~ IdParser ~ T_LPAREN ~ ListParser(IdParser, T_COMMA) ~ T_RPAREN ~ T_OP("=") ~ Exp) ==> | 
   369      { case ((((((x, y), z), w), u), v), r) => Def(y, w, r): Decl } | 
   373      { case x ~ y ~ z ~ w ~ u ~ v ~ r => Def(y, w, r): Decl } | 
   370   | 
   374   | 
   371 lazy val Prog: Parser[List[Token], List[Decl]] =  | 
   375 lazy val Prog: Parser[List[Token], List[Decl]] =  | 
   372   (Defn ~ T_SEMI ~ Prog) ==> { case ((x, y), z) => x :: z : List[Decl] } || | 
   376   (Defn ~ T_SEMI ~ Prog) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => x :: z : List[Decl] } || | 
   373   (Exp ==> ((s) => List(Main(s)) : List[Decl]))  | 
   377   (Exp ==> ((s) => List(Main(s)) : List[Decl]))  | 
   374   | 
   378   | 
   375   | 
   379   | 
   376 // compiler - built-in functions   | 
   380 // compiler - built-in functions   | 
   377 // copied from http://www.ceng.metu.edu.tr/courses/ceng444/link/jvm-cpm.html  | 
   381 // copied from http://www.ceng.metu.edu.tr/courses/ceng444/link/jvm-cpm.html  |