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     1 import scala.language.implicitConversions  | 
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     2 import scala.language.reflectiveCalls  | 
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     3   | 
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     4 /* Note, in the lectures I did not show the implicit type consraint  | 
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     5  * I => Seq[_], which means that the input type 'I' needs to be  | 
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     6  * a sequence. */  | 
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     7   | 
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     8 type IsSeq[A] = A => Seq[_]  | 
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     9   | 
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    10 abstract class Parser[I : IsSeq, T] { | 
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    11   def parse(ts: I): Set[(T, I)]  | 
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    12   | 
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    13   def parse_all(ts: I) : Set[T] =  | 
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    14     for ((head, tail) <- parse(ts);   | 
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    15         if (tail.isEmpty)) yield head  | 
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    16 }  | 
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    17   | 
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    18 // convenience for matching later on  | 
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    19 case class ~[+A, +B](_1: A, _2: B)  | 
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    20   | 
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    21 class SeqParser[I : IsSeq, T, S](p: => Parser[I, T],   | 
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    22                                  q: => Parser[I, S]) extends Parser[I, ~[T, S]] { | 
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    23   def parse(sb: I) =   | 
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    24     for ((head1, tail1) <- p.parse(sb);   | 
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    25          (head2, tail2) <- q.parse(tail1)) yield (new ~(head1, head2), tail2)  | 
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    26 }  | 
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    27   | 
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    28 class AltParser[I : IsSeq, T](p: => Parser[I, T],   | 
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    29                               q: => Parser[I, T]) extends Parser[I, T] { | 
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    30   def parse(sb: I) = p.parse(sb) ++ q.parse(sb)     | 
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    31 }  | 
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    32   | 
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    33 class FunParser[I : IsSeq, T, S](p: => Parser[I, T],   | 
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    34                                  f: T => S) extends Parser[I, S] { | 
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    35   def parse(sb: I) =   | 
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    36     for ((head, tail) <- p.parse(sb)) yield (f(head), tail)  | 
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    37 }  | 
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    38   | 
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    39 // atomic parsers for characters, numbers and strings  | 
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    40 case class CharParser(c: Char) extends Parser[String, Char] { | 
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    41   def parse(sb: String) =   | 
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    42     if (sb != "" && sb.head == c) Set((c, sb.tail)) else Set()  | 
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    43 }  | 
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    44   | 
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    45 import scala.util.matching.Regex  | 
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    46 case class RegexParser(reg: Regex) extends Parser[String, String] { | 
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    47   def parse(sb: String) = reg.findPrefixMatchOf(sb) match { | 
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    48     case None => Set()  | 
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    49     case Some(m) => Set((m.matched, m.after.toString))    | 
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    50   }  | 
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    51 }  | 
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    52   | 
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    53 val NumParser = RegexParser("[0-9]+".r) | 
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    54 def StringParser(s: String) = RegexParser(Regex.quote(s).r)  | 
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    55   | 
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    56 // NumParserInt2 transforms a "string integer" into an Int;  | 
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    57 // needs new, because FunParser is not a case class  | 
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    58   | 
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    59 val NumParserInt2 = new FunParser(NumParser, (s: String) => s.toInt)  | 
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    60   | 
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    61   | 
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    62 // convenience  | 
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    63 implicit def string2parser(s: String) = StringParser(s)  | 
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    64 implicit def char2parser(c: Char) = CharParser(c)  | 
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    65   | 
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    66 implicit def ParserOps[I, T](p: Parser[I, T])(implicit ev: I => Seq[_]) = new { | 
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    67   def || (q : => Parser[I, T]) = new AltParser[I, T](p, q)  | 
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    68   def ==>[S] (f: => T => S) = new FunParser[I, T, S](p, f)  | 
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    69   def ~[S] (q : => Parser[I, S]) = new SeqParser[I, T, S](p, q)  | 
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    70 }  | 
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    71   | 
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    72 implicit def StringOps(s: String) = new { | 
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    73   def || (q : => Parser[String, String]) = new AltParser[String, String](s, q)  | 
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    74   def || (r: String) = new AltParser[String, String](s, r)  | 
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    75   def ==>[S] (f: => String => S) = new FunParser[String, String, S](s, f)  | 
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    76   def ~[S] (q : => Parser[String, S]) =   | 
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    77     new SeqParser[String, String, S](s, q)  | 
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    78   def ~ (r: String) =   | 
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    79     new SeqParser[String, String, String](s, r)  | 
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    80 }  | 
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    81   | 
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    82 // NumParserInt can now be written as  | 
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    83 val NumParserInt = NumParser ==> (s => s.toInt)  | 
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    84   | 
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    85   | 
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    86 lazy val Pal : Parser[String, String] =   | 
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    87   (("a" ~ Pal ~ "a") ==> { case x ~ y ~ z => x + y + z } || | 
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    88    ("b" ~ Pal ~ "b") ==> { case x ~ y ~ z => x + y + z } || "a" || "b" || "") | 
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    89   | 
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    90 Pal.parse_all("abaaaba") | 
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    91 Pal.parse("abaaaba") | 
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    92   | 
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    93 println("Palindrome: " + Pal.parse_all("abaaaba")) | 
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    94   | 
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    95 // well-nested parentheses parser (transforms '(' -> '{' , ')' -> '}' ) | 
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    96 lazy val P : Parser[String, String] =   | 
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    97   "(" ~ P ~ ")" ~ P ==> { case _ ~ x ~ _ ~ y => "{" + x + "}" + y } || "" | 
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    98   | 
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    99 P.parse_all("(((()()))())") | 
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   100 P.parse_all("(((()()))()))") | 
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   101 P.parse_all(")(") | 
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   102 P.parse_all("()") | 
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   103   | 
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   104 // Arithmetic Expressions (Terms and Factors)  | 
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   105   | 
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   106 lazy val E: Parser[String, Int] =   | 
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   107   (T ~ "+" ~ E) ==> { case x ~ y ~ z => x + z } || | 
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   108   (T ~ "-" ~ E) ==> { case x ~ y ~ z => x - z } || T  | 
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   109 lazy val T: Parser[String, Int] =   | 
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   110   (F ~ "*" ~ T) ==> { case x ~ y ~ z => x * z } || F | 
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   111 lazy val F: Parser[String, Int] =   | 
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   112   ("(" ~ E ~ ")") ==> { case x ~ y ~ z => y } || NumParserInt | 
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   113   | 
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   114 /* same parser but producing a string  | 
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   115 lazy val E: Parser[String, String] =   | 
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   116   (T ~ "+" ~ E) ==> { case ((x, y), z) => "(" + x + ")+(" + z + ")"} || T  | 
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   117 lazy val T: Parser[String, String] =   | 
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   118   (F ~ "*" ~ T) ==> { case ((x, y), z) => "(" + x + ")*("+ z + ")"} || F | 
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   119 lazy val F: Parser[String, String] =   | 
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   120   ("(" ~ E ~ ")") ==> { case ((x, y), z) => y } || NumParser | 
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   121 */  | 
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   122   | 
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   123 println(E.parse_all("1+3+4")) | 
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   124 println(E.parse("1+3+4")) | 
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   125 println(E.parse_all("4*2+3")) | 
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   126 println(E.parse_all("4*(2+3)")) | 
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   127 println(E.parse_all("(4)*((2+3))")) | 
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   128 println(E.parse_all("4/2+3")) | 
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   129 println(E.parse("1 + 2 * 3")) | 
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   130 println(E.parse_all("(1+2)+3")) | 
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   131 println(E.parse_all("1+2+3"))   | 
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   132   | 
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   133   | 
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   134   | 
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   135 // no left-recursion allowed, otherwise will loop  | 
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   136 lazy val EL: Parser[String, Int] =   | 
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   137   (EL ~ "+" ~ EL ==> { case x ~ y ~ z => x + z} ||  | 
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   138    EL ~ "*" ~ EL ==> { case x ~ y ~ z => x * z} || | 
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   139    "(" ~ EL ~ ")" ==> { case x ~ y ~ z => y} || | 
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   140    NumParserInt)  | 
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   141   | 
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   142 //println(EL.parse_all("1+2+3")) | 
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   143   | 
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   144   | 
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   145   | 
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   146   | 
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   147 // non-ambiguous vs ambiguous grammars  | 
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   148   | 
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   149 // ambiguous  | 
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   150 lazy val S : Parser[String, String] =  | 
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   151   ("1" ~ S ~ S) ==> { case x ~ y ~ z => x + y + z } || "" | 
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   152   | 
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   153 S.parse("1" * 10) | 
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   154   | 
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   155 // non-ambiguous  | 
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   156 lazy val U : Parser[String, String] =  | 
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   157   ("1" ~ U) ==> { case x ~ y => x + y  } || "" | 
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   158   | 
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   159 U.parse("1" * 25) | 
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   160   | 
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   161 U.parse("11") | 
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   162 U.parse("11111") | 
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   163 U.parse("11011") | 
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   164   | 
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   165 U.parse_all("1" * 100) | 
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   166 U.parse_all("1" * 100 + "0") | 
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   167   | 
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   168 lazy val UCount : Parser[String, Int] =  | 
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   169   ("1" ~ UCount) ==> { case x ~ y => y + 1 } || "" ==> { x => 0 } | 
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   170   | 
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   171 UCount.parse("11111") | 
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   172 UCount.parse_all("11111") | 
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   173   | 
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   174   | 
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   175   | 
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   176 // Single Character parser  | 
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   177 lazy val One : Parser[String, String] = "1"  | 
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   178 lazy val Two : Parser[String, String] = "2"  | 
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   179   | 
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   180 One.parse("1") | 
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   181 One.parse("111") | 
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   182   | 
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   183 (One ~ One).parse("111") | 
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   184 (One ~ One ~ One).parse("111") | 
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   185 (One ~ One ~ One ~ One).parse("1111") | 
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   186   | 
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   187 (One || Two).parse("111") | 
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   188   | 
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   189   | 
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   190   | 
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   191   | 
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   192   | 
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   193 // a problem with the parser -> gets slow with nestedness  | 
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   194 E.parse("1") | 
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   195 E.parse("(1)") | 
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   196 E.parse("((1))") | 
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   197 E.parse("(((1)))") | 
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   198 E.parse("((((1))))") | 
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   199 E.parse("((((((1))))))") | 
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   200 E.parse("(((((((1)))))))") |