| author | Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk> |
| Tue, 21 Oct 2025 17:09:56 +0200 | |
| changeset 1015 | e8ba0237f005 |
| parent 974 | 0cb4bf2469d1 |
| permissions | -rw-r--r-- |
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% !TEX program = xelatex |
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\documentclass[dvipsnames,14pt,t,xelatex,aspectratio=169,xcolor={table}]{beamer}
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\usepackage{../slides}
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\usepackage{../langs}
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\usepackage{../data}
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\usepackage{../graphicss}
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\usepackage{../grammar}
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% beamer stuff |
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\renewcommand{\slidecaption}{CFL 07, King's College London}
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\newcommand{\bl}[1]{\textcolor{blue}{#1}}
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\begin{document}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\begin{frame}[t]
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\frametitle{%
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\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}
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\\[-3mm] |
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\LARGE Compilers and \\[-2mm] |
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\LARGE Formal Languages\\[-5mm] |
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\end{tabular}}
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\normalsize |
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tabular}{ll}
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Email: & christian.urban at kcl.ac.uk\\ |
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Office Hour: & Fridays 12 -- 14\\ |
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Location: & N7.07 (North Wing, Bush House)\\ |
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Slides \& Progs: & KEATS (also homework is there)\\ |
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Pollev: & \texttt{\alert{https://pollev.com/cfltutoratki576}}\\
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\end{tabular}
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\end{center}
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tikzpicture}
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\node[drop shadow,fill=white,inner sep=0pt] |
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{\footnotesize\rowcolors{1}{capri!10}{white}
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\begin{tabular}{|p{4.8cm}|p{4.8cm}|}\hline
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1 Introduction, Languages & 6 While-Language \\ |
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2 Regular Expressions, Derivatives & \cellcolor{blue!50} 7 Compilation, JVM \\
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3 Automata, Regular Languages & 8 Compiling Functional Languages \\ |
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4 Lexing, Tokenising & 9 Optimisations \\ |
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5 Grammars, Parsing & 10 LLVM \\ \hline |
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\end{tabular}%
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}; |
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\begin{frame}[t]
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\frametitle{Bird's Eye View}
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\mbox{}\\[-16mm]\mbox{}
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1,
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node/.style={
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rectangle,rounded corners=3mm, |
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very thick,draw=black!50, |
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minimum height=18mm, minimum width=20mm, |
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top color=white,bottom color=black!20,drop shadow}] |
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\node (0) at (-2.3,0) {};
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\node (A) at (0,0) [node] {};
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\node [below right] at (A.north west) {lexer};
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\node (B) at (3,0) [node] {};
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\node [below right=1mm] at (B.north west) |
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{\mbox{}\hspace{-1mm}parser};
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\node (C) at (6,0) [node] {};
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\node [below right] at (C.north west) |
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{\mbox{}\hspace{-1mm}code gen};
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\node (1) at (8.4,0) {};
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\draw [->,line width=4mm] (0) -- (A); |
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\draw [->,line width=4mm] (A) -- (B); |
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\draw [->,line width=4mm] (B) -- (C); |
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\draw [->,line width=4mm] (C) -- (1); |
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{center}\pause
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1,font=\bf,
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node/.style={
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rectangle,rounded corners=3mm, |
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ultra thick,draw=black!50,minimum height=18mm, |
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minimum width=20mm, |
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top color=white,bottom color=black!20}] |
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\node (0) at (-3,0) {};
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\node (A) at (0,0) [node,text width=1.6cm,text centered] {\small{}our compiler};
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\node (B) at (3.5,0) [node,text width=1.6cm,text centered] {\small{}Jasmin / Krakatau};
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\node (C) at (7.5,0) [node] {JVM};
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\draw [->,line width=2.5mm] (0) -- node [above,pos=0.35] {*.while} (A);
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\draw [->,line width=2.5mm] (A) -- node [above,pos=0.35] {*.j} (B);
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\draw [->,line width=2.5mm] (B) -- node [above,pos=0.35] {*.class} (C);
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{Test Program}
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\mbox{}\\[-18mm]\mbox{}
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{\lstset{language=While}\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont
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\texttt{\lstinputlisting{../progs/while-tests/loops.while}}}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\begin{textblock}{10}(0.5,0.5)
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\LARGE |
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\fontspec{Hoefler Text Black}
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\textcolor{ProcessBlue}{JVM\\ Code}
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\\[12mm] |
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\normalsize |
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Jasmin\\ |
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Krakatau\\ |
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ASM lib |
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\end{textblock}
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\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont
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%\footnotesize |
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\mbox{}\\[-13mm]\mbox{}
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\begin{columns}
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\begin{column}{2cm}
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\lstinputlisting[numbers=none]{../progs/appHa.j}
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\end{column}
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\begin{column}{2cm}
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\lstinputlisting[numbers=none]{../progs/appHb.j}
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\end{column}
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\end{columns}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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% \begin{frame}[t]
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% \begin{center}
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% \bl{\begin{tabular}{@{}lcl@{}}
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% \\[-12mm] |
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% \meta{Stmt} & $::=$ & $\texttt{skip}$\\
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% & $|$ & \textit{Id}\;\texttt{:=}\;\meta{AExp}\\
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% & $|$ & \texttt{if}\; \meta{BExp} \;\texttt{then}\; \meta{Block} \;\texttt{else}\; \meta{Block}\\
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% & $|$ & \texttt{while}\; \meta{BExp} \;\texttt{do}\; \meta{Block}\\
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% & $|$ & \texttt{read}\;\textit{Id}\\
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% & $|$ & \texttt{write}\;\textit{Id}\\
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% & $|$ & \texttt{write}\;\textit{String}\medskip\\
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% \meta{Stmts} & $::=$ & \meta{Stmt} \;\texttt{;}\; \meta{Stmts}\\
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% & $|$ & \meta{Stmt}\medskip\\
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% \meta{Block} & $::=$ & \texttt{\{}\,\meta{Stmts}\,\texttt{\}}\\
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% & $|$ & \meta{Stmt}\medskip\\
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% \meta{AExp} & $::=$ & \ldots\\
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% \meta{BExp} & $::=$ & \ldots\\
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% \end{tabular}}
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% \end{center}
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% \end{frame}
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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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% \begin{frame}[c]
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% \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Fibonacci Numbers\end{tabular}}
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% \mbox{}\\[-18mm]\mbox{}
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% ?? |
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% %{\lstset{language=While}\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont
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% %\texttt{\lstinputlisting{../progs/fib.while}}}
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% \end{frame}
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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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% \begin{frame}[c]
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% \frametitle{Interpreter}
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% \begin{center}
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% \bl{\begin{tabular}{@{}lcl@{}}
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% $\text{eval}(n, E)$ & $\dn$ & $n$\\
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% $\text{eval}(x, E)$ & $\dn$ & $E(x)$ \;\;\;\textcolor{black}{lookup \bl{$x$} in \bl{$E$}}\\
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% $\text{eval}(a_1 + a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) + \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\\
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% $\text{eval}(a_1 - a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) - \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\\
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% $\text{eval}(a_1 * a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) * \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\bigskip\\
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% $\text{eval}(a_1 = a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) = \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\\
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% $\text{eval}(a_1\,!\!= a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\neg(\text{eval}(a_1, E) = \text{eval}(a_2, E))$\\
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% $\text{eval}(a_1 < a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) < \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\
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% \end{tabular}}
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% \end{center}
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% \end{frame}
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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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% \begin{frame}[c]
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% \frametitle{Interpreter (2)}
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% \begin{center}
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% \bl{\begin{tabular}{@{}lcl@{}}
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% $\text{eval}(\text{skip}, E)$ & $\dn$ & $E$\\
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% $\text{eval}(x:=a, E)$ & $\dn$ & \bl{$E(x \mapsto \text{eval}(a, E))$}\\
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% \multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{$\text{eval}(\text{if}\;b\;\text{then}\;cs_1\;\text{else}\;cs_2 , E) \dn$}\\
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% \multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\text{if}\;\text{eval}(b,E)\;\text{then}\;
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% \text{eval}(cs_1,E)$}\\
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% \multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\phantom{\text{if}\;\text{eval}(b,E)\;}\text{else}\;\text{eval}(cs_2,E)$}\\
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% \multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{$\text{eval}(\text{while}\;b\;\text{do}\;cs, E) \dn$}\\
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% \multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\text{if}\;\text{eval}(b,E)$}\\
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% \multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\text{then}\;
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% \text{eval}(\text{while}\;b\;\text{do}\;cs, \text{eval}(cs,E))$}\\
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% \multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\text{else}\; E$}\\
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% $\text{eval}(\text{write}\; x, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\{\;\text{println}(E(x))\; ;\;E\;\}$\\
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% \end{tabular}}
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% \end{center}
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% \end{frame}
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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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% \begin{frame}[c]
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% \frametitle{Test Program}
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% \mbox{}\\[-18mm]\mbox{}
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% {\lstset{language=While}\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont
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% \texttt{\lstinputlisting{../progs/while-tests/loops.while}}}
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% \end{frame}
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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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% \begin{frame}[c]
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% \fontsize{7}{9}\selectfont
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% \begin{columns}
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% \begin{column}{7cm}
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% \lstinputlisting[numbers=none]{../progs/appHa.j}
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% \end{column}
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% \begin{column}{7cm}
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% \lstinputlisting[numbers=none]{../progs/appHb.j}
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% \end{column}
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% \end{columns}
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% \end{frame}
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% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%\begin{frame}[t]
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%\frametitle{Interpreted Code}
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% |
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%\begin{center}
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%\begin{tikzpicture}
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%\begin{axis}[axis x line=bottom, axis y line=left, xlabel=n, ylabel=secs, legend style=small]
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%\addplot+[smooth] file {interpreted.data};
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%\end{axis}
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%\end{tikzpicture}
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%\end{center}
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% |
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%\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%\begin{frame}[c]
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%\frametitle{Java Virtual Machine}
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% |
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%\begin{itemize}
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%\item introduced in 1995 |
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%\item is a stack-based VM (like Postscript, CLR of .Net) |
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%\item contains a JIT compiler |
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%\item many languages take advantage of JVM's infrastructure (JRE) |
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%\item is garbage collected $\Rightarrow$ no buffer overflows |
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%\item some languages compiled to the JVM: Scala, Clojure\ldots |
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%\end{itemize}
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% |
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%\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\begin{frame}[t,fragile]
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\frametitle{Compiling AExps}
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For example \textbf{\bl{1 + ((2 * 3) + (4 - 3))}}:\medskip
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\begin{columns}[T]
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\begin{column}{.3\textwidth}
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\begin{center}
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\bl{\begin{tikzpicture}
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\tikzset{level distance=12mm,sibling distance=4mm}
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\tikzset{edge from parent/.style={draw,very thick}}
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\Tree [.$+$ [.$1$ ] [.$+$ [.$*$ $2$ $3$ ] [.$-$ $4$ $3$ ]]] |
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\end{tikzpicture}}
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\end{center}
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\end{column}
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\begin{column}{.3\textwidth}
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\begin{lstlisting}[language=JVMIS,numbers=none]
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ldc 1 |
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ldc 2 |
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ldc 3 |
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imul |
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ldc 4 |
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ldc 3 |
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isub |
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iadd |
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iadd |
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\end{lstlisting}
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\end{column}
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\end{columns}\bigskip
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\small |
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Traverse tree in post-order \bl{$\Rightarrow$} code for
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stack-machine |
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\begin{frame}[t,fragile]
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\frametitle{Compiling AExps}
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\liningnums{\textbf{\Large\bl{(1 + 2) + 3}}}
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\begin{lstlisting}[language=JVMIS,numbers=none,xleftmargin=6cm]
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ldc 1 |
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ldc 2 |
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iadd |
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ldc 3 |
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iadd |
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\end{lstlisting}
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||
352 |
\end{frame}
|
|
353 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
354 |
||
355 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
356 |
\begin{frame}[t,fragile]
|
|
357 |
\frametitle{Compiling AExps}
|
|
358 |
||
359 |
\liningnums{\textbf{\Large\bl{1 + (2 + 3)}}}
|
|
360 |
||
361 |
\begin{lstlisting}[language=JVMIS,numbers=none,xleftmargin=6cm]
|
|
362 |
ldc 1 |
|
363 |
ldc 2 |
|
364 |
ldc 3 |
|
365 |
iadd |
|
366 |
iadd |
|
367 |
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
368 |
\bigskip\pause |
|
369 |
\vfill |
|
370 |
||
371 |
\textcolor{codepurple}{\textbf{\texttt{dadd}}},
|
|
372 |
\textcolor{codepurple}{\textbf{\texttt{fadd}}},
|
|
373 |
\textcolor{codepurple}{\textbf{\texttt{ladd}}}, \ldots
|
|
374 |
||
375 |
\end{frame}
|
|
376 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
377 |
||
378 |
||
379 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
380 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
381 |
\frametitle{Compiling AExps}
|
|
382 |
||
383 |
\begin{center}
|
|
384 |
\bl{\begin{tabular}{@{}lcl@{}}
|
|
385 |
$\text{compile}(n)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{ldc}\;n$\\
|
|
386 |
$\text{compile}(a_1 + a_2)$ & $\dn$\\
|
|
387 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\qquad\text{compile}(a_1) \;@\;\text{compile}(a_2)\;@\; \text{iadd}$}\smallskip\\
|
|
388 |
$\text{compile}(a_1 - a_2)$ & $\dn$\\
|
|
389 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\qquad\text{compile}(a_1) \;@\; \text{compile}(a_2)\;@\; \text{isub}$}\smallskip\\
|
|
390 |
$\text{compile}(a_1 * a_2)$ & $\dn$\\
|
|
391 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\qquad\text{compile}(a_1) \;@\; \text{compile}(a_2)\;@\; \text{imul}$}\smallskip\\
|
|
392 |
\end{tabular}}
|
|
393 |
\end{center}
|
|
394 |
||
395 |
\end{frame}
|
|
396 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
397 |
||
398 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
399 |
\begin{frame}[t,fragile]
|
|
400 |
\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Compiling AExps\end{tabular}}
|
|
401 |
||
402 |
\liningnums{\textbf{\Large\bl{1 $+$ 2 $*$ 3 $+$ (4 $-$ 3)}}}
|
|
403 |
||
404 |
\begin{lstlisting}[language=JVMIS,numbers=none,xleftmargin=6cm]
|
|
405 |
ldc 1 |
|
406 |
ldc 2 |
|
407 |
ldc 3 |
|
408 |
imul |
|
409 |
ldc 4 |
|
410 |
ldc 3 |
|
411 |
isub |
|
412 |
iadd |
|
413 |
iadd |
|
414 |
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
415 |
||
416 |
\end{frame}
|
|
417 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
418 |
||
419 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
420 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
421 |
\frametitle{Variables}
|
|
422 |
\liningnums{\textbf{\Large\bl{x $:=$ 5 $+$ y $*$ 2}}}\bigskip\pause
|
|
423 |
||
424 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
425 |
\item lookup: \bl{$\textcolor{codepurple}{\textbf{\texttt{iload}}}\; index$}
|
|
426 |
\item store: \bl{$\textcolor{codepurple}{\textbf{\texttt{istore}}}\; index$}
|
|
427 |
\end{itemize}\bigskip\pause
|
|
428 |
||
429 |
while compilating we have to maintain a map between our identifiers and the |
|
430 |
Java bytecode indices |
|
431 |
||
432 |
\begin{center}
|
|
433 |
\bl{$\text{compile}(a, E)$}
|
|
434 |
\end{center}
|
|
435 |
||
436 |
\end{frame}
|
|
437 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
438 |
||
439 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
440 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
441 |
\frametitle{Compiling AExps}
|
|
442 |
||
443 |
\begin{center}
|
|
444 |
\bl{\begin{tabular}{@{}lcl@{}}
|
|
445 |
$\text{compile}(n, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{ldc}\;n$\\
|
|
446 |
$\text{compile}(a_1 + a_2, E)$ & $\dn$\\
|
|
447 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\qquad\text{compile}(a_1, E) \;@\;\text{compile}(a_2, E)\;@\; \text{iadd}$}\smallskip\\
|
|
448 |
$\text{compile}(a_1 - a_2, E)$ & $\dn$\\
|
|
449 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\qquad\text{compile}(a_1, E) \;@\; \text{compile}(a_2, E)\;@\; \text{isub}$}\smallskip\\
|
|
450 |
$\text{compile}(a_1 * a_2, E)$ & $\dn$\\
|
|
451 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\qquad\text{compile}(a_1, E) \;@\; \text{compile}(a_2, E)\;@\; \text{imul}$}\bigskip\\
|
|
452 |
$\text{compile}(x, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{iload}\;E(x)$\\
|
|
453 |
\end{tabular}}
|
|
454 |
\end{center}
|
|
455 |
||
456 |
\end{frame}
|
|
457 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
458 |
||
459 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
460 |
\begin{frame}[c, fragile]
|
|
461 |
\frametitle{Mathematical Functions}
|
|
462 |
||
463 |
Compilation of some mathematical functions: |
|
464 |
||
465 |
\begin{center}
|
|
466 |
\begin{tabular}{lcl}
|
|
467 |
\texttt{Aop("+", a1, a2)} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{...iadd}\\
|
|
468 |
\texttt{Aop("-", a1, a2)} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{...isub}\\
|
|
469 |
\texttt{Aop("*", a1, a2)} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{...imul}\\
|
|
470 |
\texttt{Aop("/", a1, a2)} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{...idiv}\\
|
|
471 |
\texttt{Aop("\%", a1, a2)} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{...irem}\\
|
|
472 |
\end{tabular}
|
|
473 |
\end{center}
|
|
474 |
||
475 |
\end{frame}
|
|
476 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
477 |
||
478 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
479 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
480 |
\frametitle{Compiling Statements}
|
|
481 |
||
482 |
We return a list of instructions and an environment for the |
|
483 |
variables |
|
484 |
||
485 |
\begin{center}
|
|
486 |
\bl{\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{1mm}}c@{\hspace{1mm}}l@{}}
|
|
487 |
$\text{compile}(\text{skip}, E)$ & $\dn$ & $(\textit{Nil}, E)$\bigskip\\
|
|
488 |
$\text{compile}(x := a, E)$ & $\dn$\\
|
|
489 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$(\text{compile}(a, E) \;@\;\text{istore}\;index, E(x\mapsto index))$}\\
|
|
490 |
\end{tabular}}
|
|
491 |
\end{center}\medskip
|
|
492 |
||
493 |
where \bl{$index$} is \bl{$E(x)$} if it is already defined,
|
|
494 |
or if it is not, then the largest index not yet seen |
|
495 |
||
496 |
\end{frame}
|
|
497 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
498 |
||
499 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
500 |
\begin{frame}[c,fragile]
|
|
501 |
\frametitle{Compiling Assignments}
|
|
502 |
||
503 |
\liningnums{\textbf{\Large\bl{x $:=$ x $+$ 1}}}
|
|
504 |
||
505 |
\begin{lstlisting}[language=JVMIS,numbers=none,xleftmargin=6cm]
|
|
506 |
iload /*@\bl{$n_x$}@*/
|
|
507 |
ldc 1 |
|
508 |
iadd |
|
509 |
istore /*@\bl{$n_x$}@*/
|
|
510 |
\end{lstlisting}\medskip
|
|
511 |
||
512 |
where \bl{$n_x$} is the index corresponding to the variable~\bl{$x$}
|
|
513 |
||
514 |
\end{frame}
|
|
515 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
516 |
||
517 |
||
518 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
519 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
520 |
\frametitle{Compiling Ifs}
|
|
521 |
||
522 |
{\Large\bl{$\text{if}\;b\;\text{then}\;cs_1\;\text{else}\;cs_2$}}\bigskip\bigskip
|
|
523 |
||
524 |
\onslide<2->{Case }\only<2>{{\bf True}:}\only<3>{{\bf False}:}
|
|
525 |
||
526 |
\begin{center}
|
|
527 |
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=2mm and 4mm,
|
|
528 |
block/.style={rectangle, minimum size=1cm, draw=black, line width=1mm},
|
|
529 |
point/.style={rectangle, inner sep=0mm, minimum size=0mm, fill=red},
|
|
530 |
skip loop/.style={red, line width=1mm, to path={-- ++(0,-10mm) -| (\tikztotarget)}}]
|
|
531 |
\node (A1) [point] {};
|
|
532 |
\node (b) [block, right=of A1] {code of \bl{$b$}};
|
|
533 |
\node (A2) [point, right=of b] {};
|
|
534 |
\node (cs1) [block, right=of A2] {code of \bl{$cs_1$}};
|
|
535 |
\node (A3) [point, right=of cs1] {};
|
|
536 |
\node (cs2) [block, right=of A3] {code of \bl{$cs_2$}};
|
|
537 |
\node (A4) [point, right=of cs2] {};
|
|
538 |
||
539 |
\only<2>{
|
|
540 |
\draw (A1) edge [->, red, line width=1mm] (b); |
|
541 |
\draw (b) edge [->, red, line width=1mm] (cs1); |
|
542 |
\draw (cs1) edge [->, red, line width=1mm] (A3); |
|
543 |
\draw (A3) edge [->,skip loop] (A4); |
|
544 |
\node [below=of cs2] {\raisebox{-5mm}{\small{}jump}};}
|
|
545 |
\only<3>{
|
|
546 |
\draw (A1) edge [->, red, line width=1mm] (b); |
|
547 |
\draw (b) edge [->, red, line width=1mm] (A2); |
|
548 |
\draw (A2) edge [skip loop] (A3); |
|
549 |
\draw (A3) edge [->, red, line width=1mm] (cs2); |
|
550 |
\draw (cs2) edge [->,red, line width=1mm] (A4); |
|
551 |
\node [below=of cs1] {\raisebox{-5mm}{\small{}conditional jump}};}
|
|
552 |
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|
553 |
\end{center}
|
|
554 |
||
555 |
\end{frame}
|
|
556 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
557 |
||
558 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
559 |
\begin{frame}[t,fragile]
|
|
560 |
\frametitle{Conditional Jumps}
|
|
561 |
||
562 |
\begin{minipage}{1.1\textwidth}
|
|
563 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
564 |
\item \textcolor{codepurple}{\textbf{\texttt{if\_icmpeq}}} \bl{$label$}
|
|
565 |
if two ints are equal, then jump\medskip |
|
566 |
\item \textcolor{codepurple}{\textbf{\texttt{if\_icmpne}}} \bl{$label$}
|
|
567 |
if two ints aren't equal, then jump\medskip |
|
568 |
\item \textcolor{codepurple}{\textbf{\texttt{if\_icmpge}}} \bl{$label$}
|
|
569 |
if one int is greater or equal then another, then jump |
|
570 |
\item[]\ldots |
|
571 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
572 |
\end{minipage}\pause
|
|
573 |
||
574 |
\begin{lstlisting}[language=JVMIS,numbers=none,xleftmargin=2cm]
|
|
575 |
/*@\bl{$L_1$:}@*/
|
|
576 |
if_icmpeq /*@\bl{$L_2$}@*/
|
|
577 |
iload 1 |
|
578 |
ldc 1 |
|
579 |
iadd |
|
580 |
if_icmpeq /*@\bl{$L_1$}@*/
|
|
581 |
/*@\bl{$L_2$:}@*/
|
|
582 |
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
583 |
||
584 |
||
585 |
\begin{textblock}{3.5}(11,12)
|
|
586 |
\only<3>{labels must be unique}
|
|
587 |
\end{textblock}
|
|
588 |
\end{frame}
|
|
589 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
590 |
||
591 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
592 |
\begin{frame}[c,fragile]
|
|
593 |
\frametitle{Compiling Ifs}
|
|
594 |
||
595 |
For example |
|
596 |
||
597 |
\begin{lstlisting}[mathescape,numbers=none,language=While]
|
|
| 810 | 598 |
if 1 == 1 then x := 2 else y := 3 |
| 608 | 599 |
\end{lstlisting}
|
600 |
||
601 |
||
602 |
\begin{center}
|
|
603 |
\begin{lstlisting}[mathescape,language=JVMIS,numbers=none]
|
|
604 |
ldc 1 |
|
605 |
ldc 1 |
|
606 |
if_icmpne L_ifelse $\quad\tikz[remember picture] \node (C) {\mbox{}};$
|
|
607 |
ldc 2 |
|
608 |
istore 0 |
|
609 |
goto L_ifend $\quad\tikz[remember picture] \node (A) {\mbox{}};$
|
|
610 |
L_ifelse: $\quad\tikz[remember picture] \node[] (D) {\mbox{}};$
|
|
611 |
ldc 3 |
|
612 |
istore 1 |
|
613 |
L_ifend: $\quad\tikz[remember picture] \node[] (B) {\mbox{}};$
|
|
614 |
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
615 |
\end{center}
|
|
616 |
||
617 |
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
|
|
618 |
\draw[->,very thick] (A) edge [->,to path={-- ++(10mm,0mm)
|
|
619 |
-- ++(0mm,-17.3mm) |- (\tikztotarget)},line width=1mm] (B.east); |
|
620 |
\draw[->,very thick] (C) edge [->,to path={-- ++(10mm,0mm)
|
|
621 |
-- ++(0mm,-17.3mm) |- (\tikztotarget)},line width=1mm] (D.east); |
|
622 |
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|
623 |
||
624 |
\end{frame}
|
|
625 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
626 |
||
627 |
||
628 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
629 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
630 |
\frametitle{Compiling BExps}
|
|
631 |
||
| 810 | 632 |
{\Large\bl{$a_1 == a_2$}}
|
| 608 | 633 |
|
634 |
\begin{center}
|
|
635 |
\bl{\begin{tabular}{lcl}
|
|
| 810 | 636 |
$\text{compile}(a_1 == a_2, E, lab)$ & $\dn$\\
|
| 608 | 637 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\quad\text{compile}(a_1, E) \;@\;\text{compile}(a_2, E)\;@\; \text{if\_icmpne}\;lab$}
|
638 |
\end{tabular}}
|
|
639 |
\end{center}
|
|
640 |
||
641 |
\end{frame}
|
|
642 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
643 |
||
644 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
645 |
\begin{frame}[c, fragile]
|
|
646 |
\frametitle{Boolean Expressions}
|
|
647 |
||
648 |
Compilation of boolean expressions: |
|
649 |
||
650 |
\begin{center}
|
|
651 |
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=2mm and 4mm,
|
|
652 |
block/.style={rectangle, minimum size=1cm, draw=black, line width=1mm},
|
|
653 |
point/.style={rectangle, inner sep=0mm, minimum size=0mm, fill=red},
|
|
654 |
skip loop/.style={red, line width=1mm, to path={-- ++(0,-10mm) -| (\tikztotarget)}}]
|
|
655 |
\node (A1) [point] {};
|
|
656 |
\node (b) [block, right=of A1] {code of \bl{$b$}};
|
|
657 |
\node (A2) [point, right=of b] {};
|
|
658 |
\node (cs1) [block, right=of A2] {code of \bl{$cs_1$}};
|
|
659 |
\node (A3) [point, right=of cs1] {};
|
|
660 |
\node (cs2) [block, right=of A3] {code of \bl{$cs_2$}};
|
|
661 |
\node (A4) [point, right=of cs2] {};
|
|
662 |
||
663 |
\only<1>{
|
|
664 |
\draw (A1) edge [->, red, line width=1mm] (b); |
|
665 |
\draw (b) edge [->, red, line width=1mm] (A2); |
|
666 |
\draw (A2) edge [skip loop] (A3); |
|
667 |
\draw (A3) edge [->, red, line width=1mm] (cs2); |
|
668 |
\draw (cs2) edge [->,red, line width=1mm] (A4); |
|
669 |
\node [below=of cs1] {\raisebox{-5mm}{\small{}conditional jump}};}
|
|
670 |
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|
671 |
\end{center}
|
|
672 |
||
673 |
\begin{center}
|
|
674 |
\begin{tabular}{lcl}
|
|
675 |
\texttt{Bop("==", a1, a2)} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{...if\_icmpne...}\\
|
|
676 |
\texttt{Bop("!=", a1, a2)} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{...if\_icmpeq...}\\
|
|
677 |
\texttt{Bop("<", a1, a2)} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{...if\_icmpge...}\\
|
|
678 |
\texttt{Bop("<=", a1, a2)} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{...if\_icmpgt...}\\
|
|
679 |
\end{tabular}
|
|
680 |
\end{center}
|
|
681 |
||
682 |
\end{frame}
|
|
683 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
684 |
||
685 |
||
686 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
687 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
688 |
\frametitle{Compiling Ifs}
|
|
689 |
||
690 |
{\Large\bl{if $b$ then $cs_1$ else $cs_2$}}
|
|
691 |
||
692 |
\begin{center}
|
|
693 |
\bl{\begin{tabular}{lcl}
|
|
694 |
$\text{compile}(\text{if}\;b\;\text{then}\; cs_1\;\text{else}\; cs_2, E)$ & $\dn$\\
|
|
695 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\quad l_{ifelse}\;$ \textcolor{black}{(fresh label)}}\\
|
|
696 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\quad l_{ifend}\;$ \textcolor{black}{(fresh label)}}\\
|
|
697 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\quad (is_1, E') = \text{compile}(cs_1, E)$}\\
|
|
698 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\quad (is_2, E'') = \text{compile}(cs_2, E')$}\\
|
|
699 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\quad(\text{compile}(b, E, l_{ifelse})$}\\
|
|
700 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\quad\phantom{(}@\;is_1$}\\
|
|
701 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\quad\phantom{(}@\; \text{goto}\;l_{ifend}$}\\
|
|
702 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\quad\phantom{(}@\;l_{ifelse}:$}\\
|
|
703 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\quad\phantom{(}@\;is_2$}\\
|
|
704 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\quad\phantom{(}@\;l_{ifend}:, E'')$}\\
|
|
705 |
\end{tabular}}
|
|
706 |
\end{center}
|
|
707 |
||
708 |
\end{frame}
|
|
709 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
710 |
||
711 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
712 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
713 |
\frametitle{Compiling Whiles}
|
|
714 |
||
715 |
{\Large\bl{$\text{while}\;b\;\text{do}\;cs$}}\bigskip\bigskip
|
|
716 |
||
717 |
\onslide<2->{Case }\only<2>{{\bf True}:}\only<3>{{\bf False}:}
|
|
718 |
||
719 |
\begin{center}
|
|
720 |
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=2mm and 4mm,
|
|
721 |
block/.style={rectangle, minimum size=1cm, draw=black, line width=1mm},
|
|
722 |
point/.style={rectangle, inner sep=0mm, minimum size=0mm, fill=red},
|
|
723 |
skip loop/.style={red, line width=1mm, to path={-- ++(0,-10mm) -| (\tikztotarget)}}]
|
|
724 |
\node (A0) [point, left=of A1] {};
|
|
725 |
\node (A1) [point] {};
|
|
726 |
\node (b) [block, right=of A1] {code of \bl{$b$}};
|
|
727 |
\node (A2) [point, right=of b] {};
|
|
728 |
\node (cs1) [block, right=of A2] {code of \bl{$cs$}};
|
|
729 |
\node (A3) [point, right=of cs1] {};
|
|
730 |
\node (A4) [point, right=of A3] {};
|
|
731 |
||
732 |
\only<2>{
|
|
733 |
\draw (A0) edge [->, red, line width=1mm] (b); |
|
734 |
\draw (b) edge [->, red, line width=1mm] (cs1); |
|
735 |
\draw (cs1) edge [->, red, line width=1mm] (A3); |
|
736 |
\draw (A3) edge [->,skip loop] (A1);} |
|
737 |
\only<3>{
|
|
738 |
\draw (A0) edge [->, red, line width=1mm] (b); |
|
739 |
\draw (b) edge [->, red, line width=1mm] (A2); |
|
740 |
\draw (A2) edge [skip loop] (A3); |
|
741 |
\draw (A3) edge [->, red, line width=1mm] (A4);} |
|
742 |
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|
743 |
\end{center}
|
|
744 |
||
745 |
\end{frame}
|
|
746 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
747 |
||
748 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
749 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
750 |
\frametitle{Compiling Whiles}
|
|
751 |
||
752 |
{\Large\bl{while $b$ do $cs$}}
|
|
753 |
||
754 |
\begin{center}
|
|
755 |
\bl{\begin{tabular}{lcl}
|
|
756 |
$\text{compile}(\text{while}\; b\; \text{do} \;cs, E)$ & $\dn$\\
|
|
757 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\quad l_{wbegin}\;$ \textcolor{black}{(fresh label)}}\\
|
|
758 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\quad l_{wend}\;$ \textcolor{black}{(fresh label)}}\\
|
|
759 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\quad (is, E') = \text{compile}(cs_1, E)$}\\
|
|
760 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\quad(l_{wbegin}:$}\\
|
|
761 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\quad\phantom{(}@\;\text{compile}(b, E, l_{wend})$}\\
|
|
762 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\quad\phantom{(}@\;is$}\\
|
|
763 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\quad\phantom{(}@\; \text{goto}\;l_{wbegin}$}\\
|
|
764 |
\multicolumn{3}{l}{$\quad\phantom{(}@\;l_{wend}:, E')$}\\
|
|
765 |
\end{tabular}}
|
|
766 |
\end{center}
|
|
767 |
||
768 |
\end{frame}
|
|
769 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
770 |
||
771 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
772 |
\begin{frame}[c,fragile]
|
|
773 |
\frametitle{Compiling Whiles}
|
|
774 |
||
775 |
For example |
|
776 |
||
777 |
\begin{lstlisting}[mathescape,numbers=none,language=While]
|
|
778 |
while x <= 10 do x := x + 1 |
|
779 |
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
780 |
||
781 |
||
782 |
\begin{center}
|
|
783 |
\begin{lstlisting}[mathescape,language=JVMIS,numbers=none]
|
|
784 |
L_wbegin: $\quad\tikz[remember picture] \node[] (LB) {\mbox{}};$
|
|
785 |
iload 0 |
|
786 |
ldc 10 |
|
787 |
if_icmpgt L_wend $\quad\tikz[remember picture] \node (LC) {\mbox{}};$
|
|
788 |
iload 0 |
|
789 |
ldc 1 |
|
790 |
iadd |
|
791 |
istore 0 |
|
792 |
goto L_wbegin $\quad\tikz[remember picture] \node (LA) {\mbox{}};$
|
|
793 |
L_wend: $\quad\tikz[remember picture] \node[] (LD) {\mbox{}};$
|
|
794 |
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
795 |
\end{center}
|
|
796 |
||
797 |
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
|
|
798 |
\draw[->,very thick] (LA) edge [->,to path={-- ++(12mm,0mm)
|
|
799 |
-- ++(0mm,17.3mm) |- (\tikztotarget)},line width=1mm] (LB.east); |
|
800 |
\draw[->,very thick] (LC) edge [->,to path={-- ++(12mm,0mm)
|
|
801 |
-- ++(0mm,-17.3mm) |- (\tikztotarget)},line width=1mm] (LD.east); |
|
802 |
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|
803 |
||
804 |
\end{frame}
|
|
805 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
806 |
||
807 |
||
808 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
809 |
\begin{frame}[c,fragile]
|
|
810 |
\frametitle{Compiling Writes}
|
|
811 |
||
812 |
\small |
|
813 |
\begin{lstlisting}[language=JVMIS,mathescape,
|
|
814 |
numbers=none,xleftmargin=-6mm] |
|
815 |
.method public static write(I)V |
|
816 |
.limit locals 1 |
|
817 |
.limit stack 2 |
|
| 811 | 818 |
getstatic java/lang/System/out Ljava/io/PrintStream; |
| 608 | 819 |
iload 0 |
820 |
invokevirtual java/io/PrintStream/println(I)V |
|
821 |
return |
|
822 |
.end method |
|
823 |
||
824 |
||
825 |
||
826 |
iload $E(x)$ |
|
827 |
invokestatic XXX/XXX/write(I)V |
|
828 |
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
829 |
||
830 |
\end{frame}
|
|
831 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
832 |
||
833 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
834 |
\begin{frame}[c,fragile]
|
|
835 |
\frametitle{Compiling Main}
|
|
836 |
||
837 |
\footnotesize |
|
838 |
\begin{lstlisting}[language=JVMIS,mathescape,
|
|
839 |
numbers=none,xleftmargin=-6mm] |
|
840 |
.class public XXX.XXX |
|
841 |
.super java/lang/Object |
|
842 |
||
| 811 | 843 |
... |
| 608 | 844 |
|
845 |
.method public static main([Ljava/lang/String;)V |
|
846 |
.limit locals 200 |
|
847 |
.limit stack 200 |
|
848 |
||
849 |
$\textit{\ldots{}here comes the compiled code\ldots}$
|
|
850 |
||
851 |
return |
|
852 |
.end method |
|
853 |
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
854 |
||
| 811 | 855 |
%.method public <init>()V |
856 |
% aload_0 |
|
857 |
% invokenonvirtual java/lang/Object/<init>()V |
|
858 |
% return |
|
859 |
%.end method |
|
860 |
||
861 |
||
| 608 | 862 |
\end{frame}
|
863 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
864 |
||
865 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
866 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
| 686 | 867 |
\frametitle{Next Compiler Phases}
|
| 608 | 868 |
|
869 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
870 |
\item assembly $\Rightarrow$ byte code (class file) |
|
871 |
\item labels $\Rightarrow$ absolute or relative jumps\bigskip\bigskip |
|
872 |
\item \texttt{javap} is a disassembler for class files
|
|
| 686 | 873 |
\item jasmin and krakatau are assemblers for jvm code |
|
369
43c0ed473720
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
302
diff
changeset
|
874 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
43c0ed473720
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
302
diff
changeset
|
875 |
|
| 686 | 876 |
\end{frame}
|
| 608 | 877 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
878 |
||
879 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
880 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
| 686 | 881 |
\frametitle{Recall: Interpreted Code}
|
882 |
||
883 |
\begin{center}
|
|
884 |
\begin{tikzpicture}
|
|
885 |
\begin{axis}[axis x line=bottom, axis y line=left, xlabel=n, ylabel=secs, legend style=small]
|
|
886 |
\addplot+[smooth] file {interpreted.data};
|
|
887 |
\end{axis}
|
|
888 |
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|
889 |
\end{center}
|
|
890 |
||
891 |
Loop program |
|
892 |
\end{frame}
|
|
893 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
894 |
||
895 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
896 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
897 |
\frametitle{Compiled Code}
|
|
| 608 | 898 |
|
899 |
\begin{center}
|
|
900 |
\begin{tikzpicture}
|
|
901 |
\begin{axis}[axis x line=bottom, axis y line=left, xlabel=n, ylabel=secs, legend style=small]
|
|
902 |
\addplot+[smooth] file {compiled.data};
|
|
903 |
\end{axis}
|
|
904 |
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|
905 |
\end{center}
|
|
906 |
||
| 686 | 907 |
\end{frame}
|
| 608 | 908 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
909 |
||
910 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
911 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
| 686 | 912 |
\frametitle{Compiler vs.~Interpreter}
|
| 608 | 913 |
|
914 |
\begin{center}
|
|
915 |
\begin{tikzpicture}
|
|
916 |
\begin{axis}[axis x line=bottom, axis y line=left, ylabel=secs,
|
|
917 |
xlabel=n, |
|
918 |
enlargelimits=0.05, |
|
919 |
ybar interval=0.7, legend style=small] |
|
920 |
\addplot file {interpreted2.data};
|
|
921 |
\addplot file {compiled2.data};
|
|
922 |
%\legend{interpreted, compiled}
|
|
923 |
\end{axis}
|
|
924 |
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|
925 |
\end{center}
|
|
926 |
||
| 686 | 927 |
\end{frame}
|
| 608 | 928 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
929 |
||
930 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
| 686 | 931 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
932 |
\frametitle{A ``Compiler'' for BF*** to C}
|
|
933 |
||
934 |
\begin{center}
|
|
935 |
\begin{tabular}{lcl}
|
|
936 |
\bl{\texttt{>}} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{ptr++}\\
|
|
937 |
\bl{\texttt{<}} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{ptr--}\\
|
|
938 |
\bl{\texttt{+}} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{(*ptr)++}\\
|
|
939 |
\bl{\texttt{-}} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{(*ptr)--}\\
|
|
940 |
\bl{\texttt{.}} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{putchar(*ptr)}\\
|
|
941 |
\bl{\texttt{,}} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{*ptr = getchar()}\\
|
|
942 |
\bl{\texttt{[}} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{while(*ptr)\{}\\
|
|
943 |
\bl{\texttt{]}} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{\}}\medskip\\
|
|
944 |
& $\Rightarrow$ & ignore everything else\\ |
|
945 |
\end{tabular}
|
|
946 |
\end{center}\bigskip
|
|
947 |
||
948 |
\texttt{char field[30000]\\ char *ptr = \&field[15000]}
|
|
949 |
||
950 |
\end{frame}
|
|
951 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
952 |
||
953 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
954 |
\begin{frame}[c,fragile]
|
|
955 |
\frametitle{BF***}
|
|
956 |
||
957 |
we need some big array, say \texttt{arr} and 7 (8) instructions:\medskip
|
|
958 |
||
959 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
960 |
\item \texttt{>} move \texttt{ptr++}
|
|
961 |
\item \texttt{<} move \texttt{ptr-{}-}
|
|
962 |
\item \texttt{+} add \texttt{arr[ptr]++}
|
|
963 |
\item \texttt{-} subtract \texttt{arr[ptr]-{}-}
|
|
964 |
\item \texttt{.} print out \texttt{arr[ptr]} as ASCII
|
|
965 |
\item \texttt{[} if \texttt{arr[ptr] == 0} jump just after the corresponding \texttt{]}; otherwise \texttt{ptr++}
|
|
966 |
\item \texttt{]} if \texttt{arr[ptr] != 0} jump just after the corresponding \texttt{[}; otherwise \texttt{ptr++}
|
|
967 |
||
968 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
969 |
||
970 |
\end{frame}
|
|
971 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
972 |
||
973 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
974 |
\begin{frame}[c,fragile]
|
|
975 |
\frametitle{Arrays in While}
|
|
976 |
||
977 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
978 |
\item \texttt{new arr[15000]}\medskip
|
|
979 |
\item \texttt{x := 3 + arr[3 + y]}\medskip
|
|
980 |
\item \texttt{arr[42 * n] := ...}
|
|
981 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
982 |
||
983 |
\end{frame}
|
|
984 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
985 |
||
986 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
987 |
\begin{frame}[c,fragile]
|
|
988 |
\frametitle{New Arrays}
|
|
989 |
||
990 |
\begin{lstlisting}[mathescape,numbers=none,language=While]
|
|
991 |
new arr[number] |
|
992 |
\end{lstlisting}\bigskip\bigskip
|
|
993 |
||
994 |
\begin{lstlisting}[mathescape,numbers=none,language=JVMIS]
|
|
995 |
ldc number |
|
996 |
newarray int |
|
997 |
astore loc_var |
|
998 |
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
999 |
||
1000 |
||
1001 |
\end{frame}
|
|
1002 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
1003 |
||
1004 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
1005 |
\begin{frame}[c,fragile]
|
|
1006 |
\frametitle{Array Update}
|
|
1007 |
||
1008 |
\begin{lstlisting}[mathescape,numbers=none,language=While]
|
|
1009 |
arr[...] := |
|
1010 |
\end{lstlisting}\bigskip\bigskip
|
|
1011 |
||
1012 |
\begin{lstlisting}[mathescape,numbers=none,language=JVMIS]
|
|
1013 |
aload loc_var |
|
1014 |
index_aexp |
|
1015 |
value_aexp |
|
1016 |
iastore |
|
1017 |
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
1018 |
||
1019 |
||
1020 |
\end{frame}
|
|
1021 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
1022 |
||
1023 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
1024 |
\begin{frame}[c,fragile]
|
|
1025 |
\frametitle{Array Lookup in AExp}
|
|
1026 |
||
1027 |
\begin{lstlisting}[mathescape,numbers=none,language=While]
|
|
1028 |
...arr[...]... |
|
1029 |
\end{lstlisting}\bigskip\bigskip
|
|
1030 |
||
1031 |
\begin{lstlisting}[mathescape,numbers=none,language=JVMIS]
|
|
1032 |
aload loc_var |
|
1033 |
index_aexp |
|
1034 |
iaload |
|
1035 |
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
1036 |
||
1037 |
||
1038 |
\end{frame}
|
|
1039 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
1040 |
||
1041 |
||
| 852 | 1042 |
|
1043 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
1044 |
\begin{frame}[t, fragile]
|
|
1045 |
\frametitle{Function Definitions}
|
|
1046 |
||
1047 |
\footnotesize |
|
1048 |
\begin{lstlisting}[language=JVMIS,
|
|
1049 |
xleftmargin=2mm, |
|
1050 |
numbers=none] |
|
1051 |
.method public static write(I)V |
|
1052 |
.limit locals 1 |
|
1053 |
.limit stack 2 |
|
1054 |
getstatic java/lang/System/out Ljava/io/PrintStream; |
|
1055 |
iload 0 |
|
1056 |
invokevirtual java/io/PrintStream/println(I)V |
|
1057 |
return |
|
1058 |
.end method |
|
1059 |
\end{lstlisting}\bigskip
|
|
1060 |
||
1061 |
\small We will need methods for definitions like\footnotesize\medskip |
|
1062 |
||
1063 |
\begin{lstlisting}[language=JVMIS,
|
|
1064 |
xleftmargin=2mm, |
|
1065 |
numbers=none] |
|
1066 |
def fname (x1, ... , xn) = ... |
|
1067 |
||
1068 |
.method public static fname (I...I)I |
|
1069 |
.limit locals ?? |
|
1070 |
.limit stack ?? |
|
1071 |
?? |
|
1072 |
.end method |
|
1073 |
\end{lstlisting}
|
|
1074 |
||
1075 |
\end{frame}
|
|
1076 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
1077 |
||
1078 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
1079 |
\begin{frame}[c, fragile]
|
|
1080 |
\frametitle{Stack Estimation}
|
|
1081 |
\small |
|
1082 |
\mbox{}\\[-15mm]
|
|
1083 |
||
1084 |
\bl{\begin{center}
|
|
1085 |
\begin{tabular}{@{\hspace{-4mm}}l@{\hspace{2mm}}c@{\hspace{2mm}}l@{}}
|
|
1086 |
$\textit{estimate}(n)$ & $\dn$ & $1$\\
|
|
1087 |
$\textit{estimate}(x)$ & $\dn$ & $1$\\
|
|
1088 |
$\textit{estimate}(a_1\;aop\;a_2)$ & $\dn$ &
|
|
1089 |
$\textit{estimate}(a_1) + \textit{estimate}(a_2)$\\
|
|
1090 |
$\textit{estimate}(\pcode{if}\;b\;\pcode{then}\;e_1\;\pcode{else}\;e_2)$ & $\dn$ &
|
|
1091 |
$\textit{estimate}(b) +$\\
|
|
1092 |
& & $\quad max(\textit{estimate}(e_1), \textit{estimate}(e_2))$\\
|
|
1093 |
$\textit{estimate}(\pcode{write}(e))$ & $\dn$ &
|
|
1094 |
$\textit{estimate}(e) + 1$\\
|
|
1095 |
$\textit{estimate}(e_1 ; e_2)$ & $\dn$ &
|
|
1096 |
$max(\textit{estimate}(e_1), \textit{estimate}(e_2))$\\
|
|
1097 |
$\textit{estimate}(f(e_1, ..., e_n))$ & $\dn$ &
|
|
1098 |
$\sum_{i = 1..n}\;estimate(e_i)$\medskip\\
|
|
1099 |
$\textit{estimate}(a_1\;bop\;a_2)$ & $\dn$ &
|
|
1100 |
$\textit{estimate}(a_1) + \textit{estimate}(a_2)$\\
|
|
1101 |
\end{tabular}
|
|
1102 |
\end{center}}
|
|
1103 |
||
1104 |
\end{frame}
|
|
1105 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
1106 |
||
1107 |
||
| 686 | 1108 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
| 608 | 1109 |
\mode<presentation>{
|
1110 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
1111 |
\frametitle{Backend}
|
|
1112 |
||
1113 |
\begin{center}
|
|
1114 |
\begin{tikzpicture}
|
|
1115 |
\node (rexp) {\bl{\bf Lexer}};
|
|
1116 |
\node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf Parser}};
|
|
1117 |
\node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\begin{tabular}{c}\bf Optimizations\end{tabular}}};
|
|
1118 |
\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}token\\[-1mm]
|
|
1119 |
sequence\end{tabular}} (nfa);
|
|
1120 |
\node (final) [below=of dfa] {\bl{\begin{tabular}{c}\bf Machine Code/\\\bf Byte Code\end{tabular}}};
|
|
1121 |
\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c}parse\\[-1mm] tree
|
|
1122 |
\end{tabular}}(dfa);
|
|
1123 |
\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge (final); |
|
1124 |
\end{tikzpicture}\\
|
|
1125 |
\end{center}
|
|
1126 |
||
1127 |
\end{frame}}
|
|
|
369
43c0ed473720
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
302
diff
changeset
|
1128 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
43c0ed473720
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
302
diff
changeset
|
1129 |
|
| 608 | 1130 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
1131 |
\mode<presentation>{
|
|
1132 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
1133 |
\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}What is Next\end{tabular}}
|
|
1134 |
||
1135 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
1136 |
\item register spilling |
|
1137 |
\item dead code removal |
|
1138 |
\item loop optimisations |
|
1139 |
\item instruction selection |
|
1140 |
\item type checking |
|
1141 |
\item concurrency |
|
1142 |
\item fuzzy testing |
|
1143 |
\item verification\bigskip\\ |
|
1144 |
||
1145 |
\item GCC, LLVM, tracing JITs |
|
1146 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
1147 |
||
1148 |
\end{frame}}
|
|
1149 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
1150 |
||
|
184
2e9134d25a2b
added slides
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
1151 |
|
| 812 | 1152 |
|
1153 |
\begin{frame}<1-10>
|
|
1154 |
\end{frame}
|
|
1155 |
||
| 63 | 1156 |
\end{document}
|
1157 |
||
1158 |
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|
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|
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