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\begin{document}

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\begin{frame}[t]

\frametitle{%

  \begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}

  \\[-3mm]

  \LARGE Compilers and \\[-2mm] 

  \LARGE Formal Languages (10)\\[3mm] 

  \end{tabular}}

  \normalsize

  \begin{center}

  \begin{tabular}{ll}

  Email:  & christian.urban at kcl.ac.uk\\

  Office: & N7.07 (North Wing, Bush House)\\

  Slides: & KEATS (also home work is there)\\

  \end{tabular}

  \end{center}

\end{frame}

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\mode<presentation>{

\begin{frame}[c]

\large\bf

Using a compiler, \\how can you mount the\\ perfect attack against a system?

\end{frame}}

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\mode<presentation>{

\begin{frame}[c]

{\large\bf

What is a \alert{perfect} attack?}\bigskip

\begin{enumerate}

\item you can potentially completely take over a target system

\item your attack is (nearly) undetectable

\item the victim has (almost) no chance to recover

\end{enumerate}

\end{frame}}

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  \node (A) at (0,0)  [draw=black, rectangle, very thick, minimum height=18mm, minimum width=14mm] {};

  \node [below right] at (A.north west) {\small V0.01};

  \node [below right] (A1) at (A.south west) {\small Scala};

  \node [below right] (A1) at (A1.south west) {\small\textcolor{gray}{host language}};

  \node [above right] at (A.north west) {my compiler (src)};}

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  \node at (3,0) {\ldots};

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  \end{center}

\end{frame}}

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  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

  \mode<presentation>{

  \begin{frame}<1-3>

  \frametitle{\LARGE\begin{tabular}{c}Hacking Compilers 

  \end{tabular}}

  %Why is it so paramount to have a small trusted code base (TCB)?

  \bigskip\bigskip

  \begin{columns}

  \begin{column}{2.7cm}

  \begin{minipage}{2.5cm}%

  \begin{tabular}{c@ {}}

  \includegraphics[scale=0.2]{../pics/ken-thompson.jpg}\\[-1.8mm]

  \footnotesize Ken Thompson\\[-1.8mm]

  \footnotesize Turing Award, 1983\\

  \end{tabular}

  \end{minipage}

  \end{column}

  \begin{column}{9cm}

  \begin{tabular}{l@ {\hspace{1mm}}p{8cm}}

  & Ken Thompson showed how to hide a Trojan Horse in a 

  compiler \textcolor{red}{without} leaving any traces in the source code.\\[2mm]

  & No amount of source level verification will protect 

  you from such Thompson-hacks.\\[2mm]

  & Therefore in safety-critical systems it is important to rely 

  on only a very small TCB.

  \end{tabular}

  \end{column}

  \end{columns}

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  \begin{minipage}{8cm}

  \begin{quote}

  \includegraphics[scale=0.05]{../pics/evil.png}

  \begin{enumerate}

  \item[1)] Assume you ship the compiler as binary and also with sources.

  \item[2)] Make the compiler aware when it compiles itself.

  \item[3)] Add the Trojan horse.

  \item[4)] Compile.

  \item[5)] Delete Trojan horse from the sources of the compiler.

  \item[6)] Go on holiday for the rest of your life. ;o)\\[-7mm]\mbox{}

  \end{enumerate}

  \end{quote}

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  \end{textblock}}

  \end{frame}}

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\end{document}

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