| author | Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> |
| Tue, 24 Sep 2013 01:12:36 +0100 | |
| changeset 95 | dbe49327b6c5 |
| parent 93 | 4794759139ea |
| child 97 | 60a3ba90dd53 |
| permissions | -rw-r--r-- |
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\documentclass[dvipsnames,14pt,t,xelatex]{beamer}
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\usepackage{beamerthemeplaincu}
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\usepackage{fontenc,xltxtra,xunicode}
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\defaultfontfeatures{Mapping=tex-text}
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\usepackage{mathpartir}
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\usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos}
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\usepackage{ifthen}
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\usepackage{tikz}
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\usepackage{pgf}
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\usepackage{calc}
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\usepackage{ulem}
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%%\usepackage{courier}
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\usepackage{listings}
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\renewcommand{\uline}[1]{#1}
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\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
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\usetikzlibrary{automata}
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\usetikzlibrary{shapes}
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\usetikzlibrary{shadows}
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\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
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\usetikzlibrary{calc}
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\usepackage{graphicx}
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\definecolor{javared}{rgb}{0.6,0,0} % for strings
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\definecolor{javagreen}{rgb}{0.25,0.5,0.35} % comments
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\definecolor{javapurple}{rgb}{0.5,0,0.35} % keywords
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\definecolor{javadocblue}{rgb}{0.25,0.35,0.75} % javadoc
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\makeatletter |
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\lst@CCPutMacro\lst@ProcessOther {"2D}{\lst@ttfamily{-{}}{-{}}}
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\@empty\z@\@empty |
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\makeatother |
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\lstset{language=Java,
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basicstyle=\ttfamily, |
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keywordstyle=\color{javapurple}\bfseries,
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stringstyle=\color{javagreen},
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commentstyle=\color{javagreen},
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morecomment=[s][\color{javadocblue}]{/**}{*/},
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numbers=left, |
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numberstyle=\tiny\color{black},
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stepnumber=1, |
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numbersep=10pt, |
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tabsize=2, |
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showspaces=false, |
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showstringspaces=false} |
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\lstdefinelanguage{scala}{
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morekeywords={abstract,case,catch,class,def,%
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do,else,extends,false,final,finally,% |
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for,if,implicit,import,match,mixin,% |
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new,null,object,override,package,% |
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private,protected,requires,return,sealed,% |
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super,this,throw,trait,true,try,% |
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type,val,var,while,with,yield}, |
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otherkeywords={=>,<-,<\%,<:,>:,\#,@},
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sensitive=true, |
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morecomment=[l]{//},
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morecomment=[n]{/*}{*/},
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morestring=[b]", |
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morestring=[b]', |
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morestring=[b]""" |
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} |
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\lstset{language=Scala,
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basicstyle=\ttfamily, |
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keywordstyle=\color{javapurple}\bfseries,
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stringstyle=\color{javagreen},
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commentstyle=\color{javagreen},
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morecomment=[s][\color{javadocblue}]{/**}{*/},
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numbers=left, |
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numberstyle=\tiny\color{black},
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stepnumber=1, |
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numbersep=10pt, |
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tabsize=2, |
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showspaces=false, |
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showstringspaces=false} |
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% beamer stuff |
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\renewcommand{\slidecaption}{AFL 01, King's College London, 26.~September 2012}
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\begin{document}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}<1>[t]
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\frametitle{%
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\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}
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\\[-3mm] |
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\LARGE Automata and \\[-2mm] |
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\LARGE Formal Languages (1)\\[-3mm] |
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\end{tabular}}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{pics/ante1.jpg}\hspace{5mm}
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\includegraphics[scale=0.31]{pics/ante2.jpg}\\
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\footnotesize\textcolor{gray}{Antikythera automaton, 100 BC (Archimedes?)}
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\end{center}
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\normalsize |
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tabular}{ll}
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Email: & christian.urban at kcl.ac.uk\\ |
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Office: & S1.27 (1st floor Strand Building)\\ |
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Slides: & KEATS |
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\end{tabular}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\begin{textblock}{1}(2,5)
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\begin{tabular}{c}
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\includegraphics[scale=0.15]{pics/servers.png}\\[-2mm]
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\small Server |
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\end{tabular}
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\end{textblock}
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\begin{textblock}{1}(5.6,4)
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\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.1]
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\draw[white] (0,1) node (X) {};
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\draw[white] (2,1) node (Y) {};
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\draw[white] (0,0) node (X1) {};
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\draw[white] (2,0) node (Y1) {};
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\draw[white] (0,-1) node (X2) {};
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\draw[white] (2,-1) node (Y2) {};
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\draw[red, <-, line width = 2mm] (X) -- (Y); |
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\node [inner sep=5pt,label=above:\textcolor{black}{GET request}] at ($ (X)!.5!(Y) $) {};
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\draw[red, ->, line width = 2mm] (X1) -- (Y1); |
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\node [inner sep=5pt,label=above:\textcolor{black}{webpage}] at ($ (X1)!.5!(Y1) $) {};
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\draw[red, <-, line width = 2mm] (X2) -- (Y2); |
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\node [inner sep=7pt,label=above:\textcolor{black}{POST data}] at ($ (X2)!.5!(Y2) $) {};
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{textblock}
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\begin{textblock}{1}(9,5.5)
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\begin{tabular}{c}
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\includegraphics[scale=0.15]{pics/laptop.png}\\[-2mm]
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\small Browser |
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\end{tabular}
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\end{textblock}
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\only<2>{
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\begin{textblock}{10}(2,13.5)
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\begin{itemize}
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\item programming languages, compilers |
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\end{itemize}
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\end{textblock}}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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transforming strings into structured data\\[10mm] |
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{\LARGE\bf Lexing}\medskip\\
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\hspace{5mm}(recognising ``words'')\\[6mm]
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{\LARGE\bf Parsing}\medskip\\
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\hspace{5mm}(recognising ``sentences'')
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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The subject is quite old: |
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Turing Machines, 1936 |
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\item first compiler for COBOL, 1957 (Grace Hopper) |
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\item but surprisingly research papers are still published now |
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\end{itemize}
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\begin{flushright}
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\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{pics/hopper.jpg}\\
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\footnotesize\textcolor{gray}{Grace Hopper}
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\end{flushright}
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{\footnotesize\textcolor{gray}{(she made it to David Letterman's Tonight Show, \url{http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZOxtURhfEU})}}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}This Course\end{tabular}}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item the ultimate goal is to implement a small compiler (really small one)\bigskip |
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\end{itemize}
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Let's start with: |
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\begin{itemize}
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\item a web-crawler |
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\item an email harvester |
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\item a web-scraper |
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[t]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}A Web-Crawler\end{tabular}}
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\mbox{}\\[10mm]
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item given an URL, read the corresponding webpage |
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\item extract all links from it |
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\item call the web-crawler again for all these links |
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[t]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}A Web-Crawler\end{tabular}}
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\mbox{}\\[10mm]
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item given an URL, read the corresponding webpage |
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\item if not possible print, out a problem |
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\item if possible, extract all links from it |
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\item call the web-crawler again for all these links |
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\end{enumerate}\bigskip\pause
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\small (we need a bound for the number of recursive calls) |
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\small (the purpose is to check all links on my own webpage) |
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Scala\end{tabular}}
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\footnotesize a simple Scala function for reading webpages\\[-3mm] |
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{\lstset{language=Scala}\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont
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\texttt{\lstinputlisting{../progs/app0.scala}}}\pause
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{\lstset{language=Scala}\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont
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\texttt{\lstinline{get_page("""http://www.inf.kcl.ac.uk/staff/urbanc/""")}}}\pause\bigskip
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\footnotesize slightly more complicated for handling errors properly:\\[-3mm] |
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\footnotesize |
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{\lstset{language=Scala}\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont
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\texttt{\lstinputlisting{../progs/app1.scala}}}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[t]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}A Regular Expression\end{tabular}}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \ldots{} is a pattern or template for specifying strings
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\end{itemize}\bigskip
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\begin{center}
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\only<1>{{\lstset{language=Scala}\fontsize{18}{19}\selectfont\bf
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\texttt{"https?://[$\hat{\hspace{2mm}}$"]*"}}}%
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\only<2>{{\lstset{language=Scala}\fontsize{18}{19}\selectfont\bf
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\texttt{"""\textbackslash{}"https?://[$\hat{\hspace{2mm}}$\textbackslash{}"]*\textbackslash{}"""".r}}}
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\end{center}\bigskip\bigskip
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matches for example\\ |
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\;{\lstset{language=Scala}\fontsize{12}{14}\selectfont\bf
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\texttt{"http://www.foobar.com"}}\\
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\;{\lstset{language=Scala}\fontsize{12}{14}\selectfont\bf
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\texttt{"https://www.tls.org"}}\\
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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||
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{\lstset{language=Scala}\fontsize{18}{19}\selectfont\bf
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\texttt{rexp.findAllIn(string)}}\medskip
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returns a list of all (sub)strings that match the regular expression\bigskip\bigskip |
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{\lstset{language=Scala}\fontsize{18}{19}\selectfont\bf
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\texttt{rexp.findFirstIn(string)}}\medskip
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returns either {\bf\texttt{None}} if no (sub)string matches
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or {\bf\texttt{Some(s)}} with the first (sub)string
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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||
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{\lstset{language=Scala}\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont
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\texttt{\lstinputlisting{../progs/app2.scala}}}\medskip
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{\lstset{language=Scala}\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont
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\texttt{crawl(some\_start\_URL, 2)}}\
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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||
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\footnotesize |
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a version that only ``crawls'' links in my domain: |
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| 0 | 340 |
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| 3 | 341 |
{\lstset{language=Scala}\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont
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\texttt{\lstinputlisting{../progs/app3.scala}}}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
|
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| 3 | 351 |
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\footnotesize |
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a little email ``harvester'': |
|
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||
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{\lstset{language=Scala}\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont
|
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changeset
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\texttt{\lstinputlisting{../progs/app4.scala}}}\bigskip
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| 3 | 357 |
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\tiny |
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\textcolor{gray}{\url{http://net.tutsplus.com/tutorials/other/8-regular-expressions-you-should-know/}}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\newcommand{\bl}[1]{\textcolor{blue}{#1}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
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\mode<presentation>{
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| 14 | 367 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
| 3 | 368 |
\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Regular Expressions\end{tabular}}
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| 0 | 369 |
|
| 14 | 370 |
Their inductive definition:\medskip |
371 |
||
372 |
\begin{textblock}{6}(2,5)
|
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| 3 | 373 |
\begin{tabular}{@ {}rrl@ {\hspace{13mm}}l}
|
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\bl{r} & \bl{$::=$} & \bl{$\varnothing$} & null\\
|
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| 5 | 375 |
& \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$\epsilon$} & empty string / "" / []\\
|
| 3 | 376 |
& \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{c} & character\\
|
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& \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{r$_1$ $\cdot$ r$_2$} & sequence\\
|
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& \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{r$_1$ + r$_2$} & alternative / choice\\
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& \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{r$^*$} & star (zero or more)\\
|
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\end{tabular}
|
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\end{textblock}
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\end{frame}}
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[t]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Regular Expressions\end{tabular}}
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\small |
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In Scala: |
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{\lstset{language=Scala}\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont
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dbe49327b6c5
added new stuff
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
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\texttt{\lstinputlisting{../progs/app51.scala}}}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\newcommand{\dn}{\stackrel{\mbox{\scriptsize def}}{=}}% for definitions
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}The Meaning of a\\[-2mm] Regular Expression\end{tabular}}
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\begin{textblock}{15}(1,4)
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\begin{tabular}{@ {}rcl}
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\bl{$L$($\varnothing$)} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\varnothing$}\\
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\bl{$L$($\epsilon$)} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\{$""$\}$}\\
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\bl{$L$(c)} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\{$"c"$\}$}\\
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\bl{$L$(r$_1$ + r$_2$)} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$L$(r$_1$) $\cup$ $L$(r$_2$)}\\
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\bl{$L$(r$_1$ $\cdot$ r$_2$)} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\{$ s$_1$ @ s$_2$ $|$ s$_1$ $\in$ $L$(r$_1$) $\wedge$ s$_2$ $\in$
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$L$(r$_2$) $\}$}\\ |
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\bl{$L$(r$^*$)} & \bl{$\dn$} & \onslide<4->{\bl{$\bigcup_{n \ge 0}$ $L$(r)$^n$}}\\
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\end{tabular}\bigskip
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\onslide<2->{
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\hspace{5mm}\bl{$L$(r)$^0$ $\;\dn\;$ $\{$""$\}$}\\
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\bl{$L$(r)$^{n+1}$ $\;\dn\;$ $L$(r) @ $L$(r)$^n$}\hspace{9mm}\onslide<3->{\small\textcolor{gray}{(append on sets)}\\
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\small\hspace{5cm}\textcolor{gray}{$\{$ s$_1$ @ s$_2$ $|$ s$_1$ $\in$ $L$(r) $\wedge$ s$_2$ $\in$
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$L$(r)$^n$ $\}$}} |
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} |
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\end{textblock}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}The Meaning of Matching\end{tabular}}
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\large |
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a regular expression \bl{r} matches a string \bl{s} is defined as
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\begin{center}
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\bl{s $\in$ $L$(r)}\\
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}This Course\end{tabular}}
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We will have a look at: |
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\begin{itemize}
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\item regular expressions / regular expression matching |
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\item automata |
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\item the Myhill-Nerode theorem |
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\item parsing |
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\item grammars |
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\item a small interpreter / web browser |
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Exam\end{tabular}}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item The question ``Is this relevant for the exam?'' is not appreciated!\bigskip\\ |
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Whatever is in the homework sheets (and is not marked ``optional'') is relevant for the |
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exam.\\ No code needs to be written in the exam. |
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\end{document}
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%%% Local Variables: |
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%%% mode: latex |
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%%% TeX-master: t |
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%%% End: |
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