| author | Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk> | 
| Wed, 04 Nov 2020 17:34:52 +0000 | |
| changeset 799 | c18b991eaad2 | 
| parent 750 | 40b7efa5fbed | 
| child 803 | c1dfa3f64829 | 
| permissions | -rw-r--r-- | 
| 666 | 1 | % !TEX program = xelatex | 
| 744 | 2 | \documentclass[dvipsnames,14pt,t,xelatex,aspectratio=169,xcolor={table}]{beamer}
 | 
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changeset | 3 | \usepackage{../slides}
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changeset | 4 | \usepackage{../graphics}
 | 
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changeset | 5 | \usepackage{../langs}
 | 
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changeset | 6 | \usepackage{../data}
 | 
| 597 | 7 | \usepackage{../grammar}
 | 
| 49 | 8 | |
| 9 | % beamer stuff | |
| 445 | 10 | \renewcommand{\slidecaption}{CFL 06, King's College London}
 | 
| 11 | ||
| 12 | ||
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changeset | 13 | \newcommand{\bl}[1]{\textcolor{blue}{#1}}       
 | 
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changeset | 14 | %\newcommand{\dn}{\stackrel{\mbox{\scriptsize def}}{=}}% for definitions
 | 
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changeset | 15 | \newcommand{\qq}{\mbox{\texttt{"}}}
 | 
| 49 | 16 | |
| 17 | \begin{document}
 | |
| 18 | ||
| 19 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 295 
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changeset | 20 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 49 | 21 | \frametitle{%
 | 
| 22 |   \begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}
 | |
| 23 | \\[-3mm] | |
| 445 | 24 | \LARGE Compilers and \\[-2mm] | 
| 744 | 25 | \LARGE Formal Languages\\[3mm] | 
| 49 | 26 |   \end{tabular}}
 | 
| 27 | ||
| 28 | \normalsize | |
| 29 |   \begin{center}
 | |
| 30 |   \begin{tabular}{ll}
 | |
| 683 | 31 | Email: & christian.urban at kcl.ac.uk\\ | 
| 744 | 32 | %Office Hours: & Thursdays 12 -- 14\\ | 
| 33 | %Location: & N7.07 (North Wing, Bush House)\\ | |
| 683 | 34 | Slides \& Progs: & KEATS (also homework is there)\\ | 
| 49 | 35 |   \end{tabular}
 | 
| 36 |   \end{center}
 | |
| 37 | ||
| 744 | 38 |   \begin{center}
 | 
| 39 |     \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 40 | \node[drop shadow,fill=white,inner sep=0pt] | |
| 41 |       {\footnotesize\rowcolors{1}{capri!10}{white}
 | |
| 42 |         \begin{tabular}{|p{4.8cm}|p{4.8cm}|}\hline
 | |
| 43 |           1 Introduction, Languages          & \cellcolor{blue!50} 6 While-Language \\
 | |
| 44 | 2 Regular Expressions, Derivatives & 7 Compilation, JVM \\ | |
| 45 | 3 Automata, Regular Languages & 8 Compiling Functional Languages \\ | |
| 46 | 4 Lexing, Tokenising & 9 Optimisations \\ | |
| 47 | 5 Grammars, Parsing & 10 LLVM \\ \hline | |
| 48 |         \end{tabular}%
 | |
| 49 | }; | |
| 50 |     \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 51 |   \end{center}
 | |
| 52 | ||
| 295 
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changeset | 53 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 54 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 49 | 55 | |
| 56 | ||
| 57 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 799 | 58 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 59 | \frametitle{Parser Combinators}
 | |
| 60 | ||
| 61 | One of the simplest ways to implement a parser, see | |
| 62 | {\small\url{https://vimeo.com/142341803}} (by Haoyi Li)\bigskip
 | |
| 63 | ||
| 64 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 65 | \item[$\bullet$] build-in library in Scala | |
| 66 | \item[$\bullet$] fastparse (2) library by Haoyi Li; is part of Ammonite | |
| 67 | \item[$\bullet$] possible exponential runtime behaviour | |
| 68 | \end{itemize}
 | |
| 69 | ||
| 70 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 71 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 72 | ||
| 73 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 74 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 75 | \frametitle{Parser Combinators}
 | |
| 76 | ||
| 77 | Parser combinators: \bigskip | |
| 78 | ||
| 79 | \begin{minipage}{1.1\textwidth}
 | |
| 80 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 81 | \mbox{}\hspace{-12mm}\mbox{}$\underbrace{\text{list of tokens}}_{\text{input}}$ \bl{$\Rightarrow$} 
 | |
| 82 | $\underbrace{\text{set of (parsed input, unparsed input)}}_{\text{output}}$
 | |
| 83 | \end{center}
 | |
| 84 | \end{minipage}\bigskip
 | |
| 85 | ||
| 86 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 87 | \item atomic parsers | |
| 88 | \item sequencing | |
| 89 | \item alternative | |
| 90 | \item semantic action (map-parser) | |
| 91 | \end{itemize}
 | |
| 92 | ||
| 93 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 94 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 95 | ||
| 96 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 97 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 98 | ||
| 99 | Atomic parsers, for example, number tokens | |
| 100 | ||
| 101 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 102 | \bl{$\texttt{Num(123)}::rest \;\Rightarrow\; \{(\texttt{Num(123)}, rest)\}$} 
 | |
| 103 | \end{center}\bigskip
 | |
| 104 | ||
| 105 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 106 | \item you consume one or more token from the\\ | |
| 107 | input (stream) | |
| 108 | \item also works for characters and strings | |
| 109 | \end{itemize}
 | |
| 110 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 111 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 112 | ||
| 113 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 114 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 115 | ||
| 116 | Alternative parser (code \bl{$p\;||\;q$})\bigskip
 | |
| 117 | ||
| 118 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 119 | \item apply \bl{$p$} and also \bl{$q$}; then combine 
 | |
| 120 | the outputs | |
| 121 | \end{itemize}
 | |
| 122 | ||
| 123 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 124 | \large \bl{$p(\text{input}) \cup q(\text{input})$}
 | |
| 125 | \end{center}
 | |
| 126 | ||
| 127 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 128 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 129 | ||
| 130 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 131 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 132 | ||
| 133 | Sequence parser (code \bl{$p\sim q$})\bigskip
 | |
| 134 | ||
| 135 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 136 | \item apply first \bl{$p$} producing a set of pairs
 | |
| 137 | \item then apply \bl{$q$} to the unparsed part
 | |
| 138 | \item then combine the results:\medskip | |
| 139 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 140 | ((output$_1$, output$_2$), unparsed part) | |
| 141 | \end{center}
 | |
| 142 | \end{itemize}
 | |
| 143 | ||
| 144 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 145 | \begin{tabular}{l}
 | |
| 146 | \large \bl{$\{((o_1, o_2), u_2) \;|\;$}\\[2mm] 
 | |
| 147 | \large\mbox{}\hspace{15mm} \bl{$(o_1, u_1) \in p(\text{input}) \wedge$}\\[2mm]
 | |
| 148 | \large\mbox{}\hspace{15mm} \bl{$(o_2, u_2) \in q(u_1)\}$}
 | |
| 149 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 150 | \end{center}
 | |
| 151 | ||
| 152 | ||
| 153 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 154 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 155 | ||
| 156 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 157 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 158 | ||
| 159 | Map-parser (code \bl{$p.map(f)\;$})\bigskip
 | |
| 160 | ||
| 161 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 162 | \item apply \bl{$p$} producing a set of pairs
 | |
| 163 | \item then apply the function \bl{$f$} to each first component
 | |
| 164 | \end{itemize}
 | |
| 165 | ||
| 166 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 167 | \begin{tabular}{l}
 | |
| 168 | \large \bl{$\{(f(o_1), u_1) \;|\; (o_1, u_1) \in p(\text{input})\}$}
 | |
| 169 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 170 | \end{center}\bigskip\bigskip\pause
 | |
| 171 | ||
| 172 | \bl{$f$} is the semantic action (``what to do with the parsed input'')
 | |
| 173 | ||
| 174 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 175 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 176 | ||
| 177 | ||
| 178 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 179 | \mode<presentation>{
 | |
| 180 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 181 | \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Semantic Actions\end{tabular}}
 | |
| 182 | ||
| 183 | Addition | |
| 184 | ||
| 185 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 186 | \bl{$\meta{T} \sim + \sim \meta{E} \Rightarrow \underbrace{f\,((x,y), z) \Rightarrow x + z}_{\text{semantic action}}$}
 | |
| 187 | \end{center}\pause
 | |
| 188 | ||
| 189 | Multiplication | |
| 190 | ||
| 191 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 192 | \bl{$\meta{F} \sim * \sim \meta{T} \Rightarrow f\,((x,y), z) \Rightarrow x * z$}
 | |
| 193 | \end{center}\pause
 | |
| 194 | ||
| 195 | Parenthesis | |
| 196 | ||
| 197 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 198 | \bl{$\text{(} \sim \meta{E} \sim \text{)} \Rightarrow f\,((x,y), z) \Rightarrow y$}
 | |
| 199 | \end{center}
 | |
| 200 | ||
| 201 | \end{frame}}
 | |
| 202 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 203 | ||
| 204 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 205 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 206 | \frametitle{Types of Parsers}
 | |
| 207 | ||
| 208 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 209 | \item {\bf Sequencing}: if \bl{$p$} returns results of type \bl{$T$}, and \bl{$q$} results of type \bl{$S$},
 | |
| 210 | then \bl{$p \sim q$} returns results of type
 | |
| 211 | ||
| 212 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 213 | \bl{$T \times S$}
 | |
| 214 | \end{center}\pause
 | |
| 215 | ||
| 216 | \item {\bf Alternative}: if \bl{$p$} returns results of type \bl{$T$} then  \bl{$q$} \alert{must} also have results of type \bl{$T$},
 | |
| 217 | and \bl{$p \;||\; q$} returns results of type
 | |
| 218 | ||
| 219 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 220 | \bl{$T$}
 | |
| 221 | \end{center}\pause
 | |
| 222 | ||
| 223 | \item {\bf Semantic Action}: if \bl{$p$} returns results of type \bl{$T$} and \bl{$f$} is a function from
 | |
| 224 | \bl{$T$} to \bl{$S$}, then
 | |
| 225 | \bl{$p \Rightarrow f$} returns results of type
 | |
| 226 | ||
| 227 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 228 | \bl{$S$}
 | |
| 229 | \end{center}
 | |
| 230 | ||
| 231 | \end{itemize}
 | |
| 232 | ||
| 233 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 234 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 235 | ||
| 236 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 237 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 238 | \frametitle{Input Types of Parsers}
 | |
| 239 | ||
| 240 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 241 | \item input: \alert{token list}
 | |
| 242 | \item output: set of (output\_type, \alert{token list})
 | |
| 243 | \end{itemize}\bigskip\pause
 | |
| 244 | ||
| 245 | actually it can be any input type as long as it is a kind of | |
| 246 | sequence (for example a string) | |
| 247 | ||
| 248 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 249 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 250 | ||
| 251 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 252 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 253 | \frametitle{Scannerless Parsers}
 | |
| 254 | ||
| 255 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 256 | \item input: \alert{string}
 | |
| 257 | \item output: set of (output\_type, \alert{string})
 | |
| 258 | \end{itemize}\bigskip\bigskip
 | |
| 259 | ||
| 260 | but using lexers is better because whitespaces or comments can be | |
| 261 | filtered out; then input is a sequence of tokens | |
| 262 | ||
| 263 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 264 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 265 | ||
| 266 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 267 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 268 | \frametitle{Successful Parses}
 | |
| 269 | ||
| 270 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 271 | \item input: string | |
| 272 | \item output: \alert{set of} (output\_type, string)
 | |
| 273 | \end{itemize}\bigskip
 | |
| 274 | ||
| 275 | a parse is successful whenever the input has been fully | |
| 276 | ``consumed'' (that is the second component is empty) | |
| 277 | ||
| 278 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 279 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 280 | ||
| 281 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 282 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 283 | \frametitle{Abstract Parser Class}
 | |
| 284 | ||
| 285 | \small | |
| 286 | \lstinputlisting[language=Scala,xleftmargin=1mm] | |
| 287 |  {../progs/app7.scala}
 | |
| 288 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 289 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 290 | ||
| 291 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 292 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 293 | ||
| 294 | \small | |
| 295 | \fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont
 | |
| 296 | \lstinputlisting[language=Scala,xleftmargin=1mm] | |
| 297 |   {../progs/app8.scala}
 | |
| 298 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 299 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 300 | ||
| 301 | ||
| 302 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 303 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 304 | \frametitle{Two Grammars}
 | |
| 305 | ||
| 306 | Which languages are recognised by the following two grammars? | |
| 307 | ||
| 308 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 309 | \bl{\begin{tabular}{lcl}
 | |
| 310 | $\meta{S}$ & $\rightarrow$ &  $1 \cdot \meta{S} \cdot \meta{S}$\\
 | |
| 311 | & $|$ & $\epsilon$ | |
| 312 | \end{tabular}}
 | |
| 313 | \end{center}\bigskip
 | |
| 314 | ||
| 315 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 316 | \bl{\begin{tabular}{lcl}
 | |
| 317 | $\meta{U}$ & $\rightarrow$ &  $1 \cdot \meta{U}$\\
 | |
| 318 | & $|$ & $\epsilon$ | |
| 319 | \end{tabular}}
 | |
| 320 | \end{center}
 | |
| 321 | ||
| 322 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 323 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 324 | ||
| 325 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 326 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | |
| 327 | \frametitle{Ambiguous Grammars}
 | |
| 328 | ||
| 329 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 330 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 331 | \begin{axis}[xlabel={\pcode{1}s},ylabel={time in secs},
 | |
| 332 | enlargelimits=false, | |
| 333 |     xtick={0,100,...,1000},
 | |
| 334 | xmax=1050, | |
| 335 | ymax=33, | |
| 336 |     ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | |
| 337 | scaled ticks=false, | |
| 338 | axis lines=left, | |
| 339 | width=11cm, | |
| 340 | height=7cm, | |
| 341 |     legend entries={unambiguous,ambiguous},  
 | |
| 342 | legend pos=north east, | |
| 343 | legend cell align=left, | |
| 344 |     x tick label style={font=\small,/pgf/number format/1000 sep={}}]
 | |
| 345 | \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] 
 | |
| 346 |   table {s-grammar1.data};
 | |
| 347 | \only<2>{
 | |
| 348 |   \addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=white}] 
 | |
| 349 |   table {s-grammar2.data};}  
 | |
| 350 | \end{axis}
 | |
| 351 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 352 | \end{center}
 | |
| 353 | ||
| 354 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 355 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 356 | ||
| 357 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 358 | \begin{frame}
 | |
| 359 | \frametitle{While-Language}
 | |
| 360 | \mbox{}\\[-23mm]\mbox{}
 | |
| 361 | ||
| 362 | \bl{\begin{plstx}[rhs style=,one per line]: \meta{Stmt} ::= skip
 | |
| 363 |          | \meta{Id} := \meta{AExp}
 | |
| 364 |          | if \meta{BExp} then \meta{Block} else \meta{Block}
 | |
| 365 |          | while \meta{BExp} do \meta{Block}\\
 | |
| 366 | : \meta{Stmts} ::= \meta{Stmt} ; \meta{Stmts}
 | |
| 367 |           | \meta{Stmt}\\
 | |
| 368 | : \meta{Block} ::= \{ \meta{Stmts} \}
 | |
| 369 |           | \meta{Stmt}\\
 | |
| 370 | : \meta{AExp} ::= \ldots\\
 | |
| 371 | : \meta{BExp} ::= \ldots\\\end{plstx}}
 | |
| 372 | ||
| 373 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 374 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 375 | ||
| 376 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 377 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 378 | \frametitle{An Interpreter}
 | |
| 379 | ||
| 380 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 381 | \bl{\begin{tabular}{l}
 | |
| 382 | $\{$\\
 | |
| 383 | \;\;$x := 5 \text{;}$\\
 | |
| 384 | \;\;$y := x * 3\text{;}$\\
 | |
| 385 | \;\;$y := x * 4\text{;}$\\
 | |
| 386 | \;\;$x := u * 3$\\ | |
| 387 | $\}$ | |
| 388 | \end{tabular}}
 | |
| 389 | \end{center}
 | |
| 390 | ||
| 391 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 392 | \item the interpreter has to record the value of \bl{$x$} before assigning a value to \bl{$y$}\pause
 | |
| 393 | \item \bl{\texttt{eval(stmt, env)}}
 | |
| 394 | \end{itemize}
 | |
| 395 | ||
| 396 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 397 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 398 | ||
| 399 | ||
| 400 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 401 | \mode<presentation>{
 | |
| 402 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 403 | \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Interpreter\end{tabular}}
 | |
| 404 | ||
| 405 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 406 | \bl{\begin{tabular}{@{}lcl@{}}
 | |
| 407 | $\text{eval}(n, E)$ & $\dn$ & $n$\\
 | |
| 408 | $\text{eval}(x, E)$ & $\dn$ & $E(x)$ \;\;\;\textcolor{black}{lookup \bl{$x$} in \bl{$E$}}\\
 | |
| 409 | $\text{eval}(a_1 + a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) + \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\\
 | |
| 410 | $\text{eval}(a_1 - a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) - \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\\
 | |
| 411 | $\text{eval}(a_1 * a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) * \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\bigskip\\
 | |
| 412 | $\text{eval}(a_1 = a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) = \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\\
 | |
| 413 | $\text{eval}(a_1\,!\!= a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\neg(\text{eval}(a_1, E) = \text{eval}(a_2, E))$\\
 | |
| 414 | $\text{eval}(a_1 < a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) < \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\
 | |
| 415 | \end{tabular}}
 | |
| 416 | \end{center}
 | |
| 417 | ||
| 418 | \end{frame}}
 | |
| 419 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 420 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 421 | \mode<presentation>{
 | |
| 422 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 423 | \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Interpreter (2)\end{tabular}}
 | |
| 424 | ||
| 425 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 426 | \bl{\begin{tabular}{@{}lcl@{}}
 | |
| 427 | $\text{eval}(\text{skip}, E)$ & $\dn$ & $E$\\
 | |
| 428 | $\text{eval}(x:=a, E)$ & $\dn$ & \bl{$E(x \mapsto \text{eval}(a, E))$}\\
 | |
| 429 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{$\text{eval}(\text{if}\;b\;\text{then}\;cs_1\;\text{else}\;cs_2 , E) \dn$}\\
 | |
| 430 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\text{if}\;\text{eval}(b,E)\;\text{then}\;
 | |
| 431 | \text{eval}(cs_1,E)$}\\
 | |
| 432 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\phantom{\text{if}\;\text{eval}(b,E)\;}\text{else}\;\text{eval}(cs_2,E)$}\\
 | |
| 433 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{$\text{eval}(\text{while}\;b\;\text{do}\;cs, E) \dn$}\\
 | |
| 434 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\text{if}\;\text{eval}(b,E)$}\\
 | |
| 435 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\text{then}\;
 | |
| 436 | \text{eval}(\text{while}\;b\;\text{do}\;cs, \text{eval}(cs,E))$}\\
 | |
| 437 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\text{else}\; E$}\\
 | |
| 438 | $\text{eval}(\text{write}\; x, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\{\;\text{println}(E(x))\; ;\;E\;\}$\\
 | |
| 439 | \end{tabular}}
 | |
| 440 | \end{center}
 | |
| 441 | ||
| 442 | \end{frame}}
 | |
| 443 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 444 | ||
| 445 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 446 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 447 | \frametitle{Test Program}
 | |
| 448 | ||
| 449 | \mbox{}\\[-18mm]\mbox{}
 | |
| 450 | ||
| 451 | ??%{\lstset{language=While}%%\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont
 | |
| 452 | %\texttt{\lstinputlisting{../progs/loops.while}}}
 | |
| 453 | ||
| 454 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 455 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 456 | ||
| 457 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 458 | \mode<presentation>{
 | |
| 459 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | |
| 460 | \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Interpreted Code\end{tabular}}
 | |
| 461 | ||
| 462 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 463 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 464 | \begin{axis}[axis x line=bottom, axis y line=left, xlabel=n, ylabel=secs, legend style=small]
 | |
| 465 | \addplot+[smooth] file {interpreted.data};
 | |
| 466 | \end{axis}
 | |
| 467 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 468 | \end{center}
 | |
| 469 | ||
| 470 | \end{frame}}
 | |
| 471 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 472 | ||
| 473 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 474 | \mode<presentation>{
 | |
| 475 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 476 | \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Java Virtual Machine\end{tabular}}
 | |
| 477 | ||
| 478 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 479 | \item introduced in 1995 | |
| 480 | \item is a stack-based VM (like Postscript, CLR of .Net) | |
| 481 | \item contains a JIT compiler | |
| 482 | \item many languages take advantage of JVM's infrastructure (JRE) | |
| 483 | \item is garbage collected $\Rightarrow$ no buffer overflows | |
| 484 | \item some languages compile to the JVM: Scala, Clojure\ldots | |
| 485 | \end{itemize}
 | |
| 486 | ||
| 487 | \end{frame}}
 | |
| 488 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 489 | ||
| 490 | ||
| 491 | ||
| 492 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 493 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | |
| 494 | \frametitle{%
 | |
| 495 |   \begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}
 | |
| 496 | \\[-3mm] | |
| 497 | \LARGE Compilers and \\[-2mm] | |
| 498 | \LARGE Formal Languages\\[3mm] | |
| 499 |   \end{tabular}}
 | |
| 500 | ||
| 501 | \normalsize | |
| 502 |   \begin{center}
 | |
| 503 |   \begin{tabular}{ll}
 | |
| 504 | Email: & christian.urban at kcl.ac.uk\\ | |
| 505 | %Office Hours: & Thursdays 12 -- 14\\ | |
| 506 | %Location: & N7.07 (North Wing, Bush House)\\ | |
| 507 | Slides \& Progs: & KEATS (also homework is there)\\ | |
| 508 |   \end{tabular}
 | |
| 509 |   \end{center}
 | |
| 510 | ||
| 511 |   \begin{center}
 | |
| 512 |     \begin{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 513 | \node[drop shadow,fill=white,inner sep=0pt] | |
| 514 |       {\footnotesize\rowcolors{1}{capri!10}{white}
 | |
| 515 |         \begin{tabular}{|p{4.8cm}|p{4.8cm}|}\hline
 | |
| 516 |           1 Introduction, Languages          & \cellcolor{blue!50} 6 While-Language \\
 | |
| 517 | 2 Regular Expressions, Derivatives & 7 Compilation, JVM \\ | |
| 518 | 3 Automata, Regular Languages & 8 Compiling Functional Languages \\ | |
| 519 | 4 Lexing, Tokenising & 9 Optimisations \\ | |
| 520 | 5 Grammars, Parsing & 10 LLVM \\ \hline | |
| 521 |         \end{tabular}%
 | |
| 522 | }; | |
| 523 |     \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 524 |   \end{center}
 | |
| 525 | ||
| 526 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 527 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 528 | ||
| 529 | ||
| 530 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 531 | 531 | % \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 532 | % \small | |
| 533 | % \mbox{}\\[5mm]
 | |
| 534 | % %\begin{textblock}{10}(3,5)
 | |
| 535 | % \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.5,
 | |
| 536 | % node distance=1cm, | |
| 537 | %                     every node/.style={minimum size=7mm}]
 | |
| 538 | % \node (r1)  {\bl{$r_1$}};
 | |
| 539 | % \node (r2) [right=of r1] {\bl{$r_2$}};
 | |
| 540 | % \draw[->,line width=1mm]  (r1) -- (r2) node[above,midway] {\bl{$der\,a$}};
 | |
| 541 | % \node (r3) [right=of r2] {\bl{$r_3$}};
 | |
| 542 | % \draw[->,line width=1mm]  (r2) -- (r3) node[above,midway] {\bl{$der\,b$}};
 | |
| 543 | % \node (r4) [right=of r3] {\bl{$r_4$}};
 | |
| 544 | % \draw[->,line width=1mm]  (r3) -- (r4) node[above,midway] {\bl{$der\,c$}};
 | |
| 545 | % \draw (r4) node[anchor=west] {\;\raisebox{3mm}{\bl{$nullable$}}};
 | |
| 546 | % \node (v4) [below=of r4] {\bl{$v_4$}};
 | |
| 547 | % \draw[->,line width=1mm] (r4) -- (v4); | |
| 548 | % \node (v3) [left=of v4] {\bl{$v_3$}};
 | |
| 549 | % \draw[->,line width=1mm]  (v4) -- (v3) node[below,midway] {\bl{$inj\,c$}};
 | |
| 550 | % \node (v2) [left=of v3] {\bl{$v_2$}};
 | |
| 551 | % \draw[->,line width=1mm]  (v3) -- (v2) node[below,midway] {\bl{$inj\,b$}};
 | |
| 552 | % \node (v1) [left=of v2] {\bl{$v_1$}};
 | |
| 553 | % \draw[->,line width=1mm]  (v2) -- (v1) node[below,midway] {\bl{$inj\,a$}};
 | |
| 554 | % \draw[->,line width=0.5mm] (r3) -- (v3); | |
| 555 | % \draw[->,line width=0.5mm] (r2) -- (v2); | |
| 556 | % \draw[->,line width=0.5mm] (r1) -- (v1); | |
| 557 | % \draw (r4) node[anchor=north west] {\;\raisebox{-8mm}{\bl{$mkeps$}}};
 | |
| 558 | % \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 559 | % %\end{textblock}
 | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 560 | |
| 531 | 561 | % \begin{center}
 | 
| 562 | % \begin{tabular}{l@{\hspace{1mm}}c@{\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | |
| 563 | % \\[-10mm] | |
| 564 | %   \bl{$inj\,(c)\,c\,Empty$} & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$Char\,c$}\\
 | |
| 565 | %   \bl{$inj\,(r_1 + r_2)\,c\,Left(v)$} & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$Left(inj\,r_1\,c\,v)$}\\
 | |
| 566 | %   \bl{$inj\,(r_1 + r_2)\,c\,Right(v)$} & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$Right(inj\,r_2\,c\,v)$}\\
 | |
| 567 | %   \bl{$inj\,(r_1 \cdot r_2)\,c\,Seq(v_1,v_2)$} & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$Seq(inj\,r_1\,c\,v_1,v_2)$}\\
 | |
| 568 | %   \bl{$inj\,(r_1 \cdot r_2)\,c\,Left(Seq(v_1,v_2))$} & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$Seq(inj\,r_1\,c\,v_1,v_2)$}\\
 | |
| 569 | %   \bl{$inj\,(r_1 \cdot r_2)\,c\,Right(v)$} & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$Seq(mkeps(r_1),inj\,r_2\,c\,v)$}\\
 | |
| 570 | %   \bl{$inj\,(r^*)\,c\,Seq(v,vs)$} & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$inj\,r\,c\,v\,::\,vs$}\\
 | |
| 571 | % \end{tabular}
 | |
| 572 | % \end{center}
 | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 573 | |
| 531 | 574 | % \end{frame}
 | 
| 575 | % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 576 | |
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 577 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 683 | 578 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 579 | \frametitle{Starting Symbol}
 | |
| 580 | ||
| 581 | \bl{\begin{plstx}[margin=1cm]
 | |
| 582 |   : \meta{S} ::= \meta{A}\cdot\meta{S}\cdot\meta{B} |
 | |
| 583 |                  \meta{B}\cdot\meta{S}\cdot\meta{A} | \epsilon\\
 | |
| 584 |   : \meta{A} ::= a | \epsilon\\
 | |
| 585 |   : \meta{B} ::= b\\  
 | |
| 586 | \end{plstx}}
 | |
| 587 | ||
| 750 | 588 | |
| 589 | TODO: Testcases for math expressions | |
| 590 | \url{https://github.com/ArashPartow/math-parser-benchmark-project}
 | |
| 591 | ||
| 683 | 592 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 593 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 594 | ||
| 595 | ||
| 596 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 597 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 683 | 598 | \frametitle{Hierarchy of Languages}
 | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 599 | |
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 600 | Recall that languages are sets of strings. | 
| 295 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 601 | |
| 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 602 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 603 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 604 | [rect/.style={draw=black!50, top color=white,bottom color=black!20, rectangle, very thick, rounded corners}]
 | 
| 295 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 605 | |
| 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 606 | \draw (0,0) node [rect, text depth=39mm, text width=68mm] {all languages};
 | 
| 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 607 | \draw (0,-0.4) node [rect, text depth=28.5mm, text width=64mm] {decidable languages};
 | 
| 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 608 | \draw (0,-0.85) node [rect, text depth=17mm] {context sensitive languages};
 | 
| 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 609 | \draw (0,-1.14) node [rect, text depth=9mm, text width=50mm] {context-free languages};
 | 
| 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 610 | \draw (0,-1.4) node [rect] {regular languages};
 | 
| 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 611 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 612 | |
| 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 613 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 614 | |
| 366 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 615 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 616 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 617 | |
| 531 | 618 | |
| 366 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 619 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 620 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 621 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 598 | 622 | \frametitle{Parser Combinators}
 | 
| 623 | ||
| 366 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 624 | Atomic parsers, for example | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 625 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 626 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 627 | \bl{$1::rest \;\Rightarrow\; \{(1, rest)\}$} 
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 628 | \end{center}\bigskip
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 629 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 630 | \begin{itemize}
 | 
| 597 | 631 | \item you consume one or more tokens from the\\ | 
| 366 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 632 | input (stream) | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 633 | \item also works for characters and strings | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 634 | \end{itemize}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 635 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 636 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 637 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 638 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 639 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 640 | |
| 686 | 641 | Alternative parser (code \bl{$p\;|\;q$})\bigskip
 | 
| 366 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 642 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 643 | \begin{itemize}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 644 | \item apply \bl{$p$} and also \bl{$q$}; then combine 
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 645 | the outputs | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 646 | \end{itemize}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 647 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 648 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 649 | \large \bl{$p(\text{input}) \cup q(\text{input})$}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 650 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 651 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 652 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 653 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 654 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 655 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 656 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 657 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 658 | Sequence parser (code \bl{$p\sim q$})\bigskip
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 659 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 660 | \begin{itemize}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 661 | \item apply first \bl{$p$} producing a set of pairs
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 662 | \item then apply \bl{$q$} to the unparsed parts
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 663 | \item then combine the results:\medskip | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 664 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 665 | ((output$_1$, output$_2$), unparsed part) | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 666 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 667 | \end{itemize}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 668 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 669 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 670 | \begin{tabular}{l}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 671 | \large \bl{$\{((o_1, o_2), u_2) \;|\;$}\\[2mm] 
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 672 | \large\mbox{}\hspace{15mm} \bl{$(o_1, u_1) \in p(\text{input}) \wedge$}\\[2mm]
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 673 | \large\mbox{}\hspace{15mm} \bl{$(o_2, u_2) \in q(u_1)\}$}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 674 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 675 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 676 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 677 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 678 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 679 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 680 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 681 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 682 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 683 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 684 | Function parser (code \bl{$p \Rightarrow f\;$})\bigskip
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 685 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 686 | \begin{itemize}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 687 | \item apply \bl{$p$} producing a set of pairs
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 688 | \item then apply the function \bl{$f$} to each first component
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 689 | \end{itemize}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 690 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 691 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 692 | \begin{tabular}{l}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 693 | \large \bl{$\{(f(o_1), u_1) \;|\; (o_1, u_1) \in p(\text{input})\}$}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 694 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 695 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 696 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 697 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 698 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 699 | |
| 531 | 700 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 701 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 702 | \frametitle{Types of Parsers}
 | |
| 703 | ||
| 704 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 705 | \item {\bf Sequencing}: if \bl{$p$} returns results of type \bl{$T$}, and \bl{$q$} results of type \bl{$S$},
 | |
| 706 | then \bl{$p \sim q$} returns results of type
 | |
| 707 | ||
| 708 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 709 | \bl{$T \times S$}
 | |
| 710 | \end{center}\pause
 | |
| 711 | ||
| 712 | \item {\bf Alternative}: if \bl{$p$} returns results of type \bl{$T$} then  \bl{$q$} \alert{must} also have results of type \bl{$T$},
 | |
| 686 | 713 | and \bl{$p \;|\; q$} returns results of type
 | 
| 531 | 714 | |
| 715 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 716 | \bl{$T$}
 | |
| 717 | \end{center}\pause
 | |
| 718 | ||
| 719 | \item {\bf Semantic Action}: if \bl{$p$} returns results of type \bl{$T$} and \bl{$f$} is a function from
 | |
| 720 | \bl{$T$} to \bl{$S$}, then
 | |
| 721 | \bl{$p \Rightarrow f$} returns results of type
 | |
| 722 | ||
| 723 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 724 | \bl{$S$}
 | |
| 725 | \end{center}
 | |
| 726 | ||
| 727 | \end{itemize}
 | |
| 728 | ||
| 729 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 730 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 731 | ||
| 732 | ||
| 733 | ||
| 734 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 735 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 736 | \frametitle{Two Grammars}
 | |
| 737 | ||
| 738 | Which languages are recognised by the following two grammars? | |
| 739 | ||
| 597 | 740 | \bl{\begin{plstx}[margin=3cm]
 | 
| 741 | : \meta{S} ::= \liningnums{1}\cdot\meta{S}\cdot \meta{S} | \epsilon\\
 | |
| 742 | \end{plstx}}
 | |
| 531 | 743 | |
| 597 | 744 | \bl{\begin{plstx}[margin=3cm]
 | 
| 745 | : \meta{U} ::= \liningnums{1}\cdot\meta{U} | \epsilon\\
 | |
| 746 | \end{plstx}}
 | |
| 531 | 747 | |
| 748 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 749 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 366 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 750 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 751 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 752 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 753 | \frametitle{Ambiguous Grammars}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 754 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 755 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 756 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 757 | \begin{axis}[xlabel={\pcode{1}s},ylabel={time in secs},
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 758 | enlargelimits=false, | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 759 |     xtick={0,100,...,1000},
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 760 | xmax=1050, | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 761 | ymax=33, | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 762 |     ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 763 | scaled ticks=false, | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 764 | axis lines=left, | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 765 | width=11cm, | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 766 | height=7cm, | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 767 |     legend entries={unambiguous,ambiguous},  
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 768 | legend pos=north east, | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 769 | legend cell align=left, | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 770 |     x tick label style={font=\small,/pgf/number format/1000 sep={}}]
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 771 | \addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] 
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 772 |   table {s-grammar1.data};
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 773 | \only<2>{
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 774 |   \addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=white}] 
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 775 |   table {s-grammar2.data};}  
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 776 | \end{axis}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 777 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 778 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 779 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 780 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 295 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 781 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 782 | |
| 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 783 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 784 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 597 | 785 | \frametitle{Arithmetic Expressions}
 | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 786 | |
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 787 | A grammar for arithmetic expressions and numbers: | 
| 50 | 788 | |
| 597 | 789 | \bl{\begin{plstx}[margin=1cm]
 | 
| 790 |     : \meta{E} ::= \meta{E} \cdot + \cdot \meta{E}
 | |
| 791 |     | \meta{E} \cdot * \cdot \meta{E}
 | |
| 792 |     | ( \cdot \meta{E} \cdot )  | \meta{N}\\
 | |
| 793 |     : \meta{N} ::= \meta{N} \cdot \meta{N} |
 | |
| 794 | 0 | 1 | \ldots | 9\\ | |
| 795 | \end{plstx}}
 | |
| 49 | 796 | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 797 | Unfortunately it is left-recursive (and ambiguous).\medskip\\ | 
| 597 | 798 | A problem for \alert{recursive descent parsers} (e.g.~parser
 | 
| 799 | combinators). \bigskip\pause | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 800 | |
| 597 | 801 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 802 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 803 | |
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 804 | |
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 805 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 806 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 597 | 807 | \frametitle{Numbers}
 | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 808 | |
| 597 | 809 | \bl{\begin{plstx}[margin=1cm]
 | 
| 810 |     : \meta{N} ::= \meta{N} \cdot \meta{N} |
 | |
| 811 | 0 | 1 | \ldots | 9\\ | |
| 812 | \end{plstx}}
 | |
| 49 | 813 | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 814 | A non-left-recursive, non-ambiguous grammar for numbers: | 
| 49 | 815 | |
| 597 | 816 | \bl{\begin{plstx}[margin=1cm]
 | 
| 817 |     : \meta{N} ::= 0 \cdot \meta{N} | 1 \cdot \meta{N} | \ldots |
 | |
| 818 | 0 | 1 | \ldots | 9\\ | |
| 819 | \end{plstx}}
 | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 820 | |
| 597 | 821 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 822 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 823 | |
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 824 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 825 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 597 | 826 | \frametitle{Removing Left-Recursion}
 | 
| 295 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 827 | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 828 | The rule for numbers is directly left-recursive: | 
| 49 | 829 | |
| 830 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 50 | 831 | \bl{\begin{tabular}{lcl}
 | 
| 597 | 832 | $\meta{N}$ & $::=$ & $\meta{N} \cdot \meta{N} \;|\; 0 \;|\; 1\;\;\;\;(\ldots)$ 
 | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 833 | \end{tabular}}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 834 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 835 | |
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 836 | Translate | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 837 | |
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 838 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 839 | \begin{tabular}{ccc}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 840 | \bl{\begin{tabular}{lcl}
 | 
| 597 | 841 | $\meta{N}$ & $::=$ & $\meta{N} \cdot \alpha$\\
 | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 842 | & $\;|\;$ & $\beta$\\ | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 843 | \\ | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 844 | \end{tabular}} 
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 845 | & {\Large$\Rightarrow$} &
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 846 | \bl{\begin{tabular}{lcl}
 | 
| 597 | 847 | $\meta{N}$ & $::=$ & $\beta \cdot \meta{N}'$\\
 | 
| 848 | $\meta{N}'$ & $::=$ & $\alpha \cdot \meta{N}'$\\
 | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 849 | & $\;|\;$ & $\epsilon$ | 
| 50 | 850 | \end{tabular}}
 | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 851 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 50 | 852 | \end{center}\pause
 | 
| 853 | ||
| 597 | 854 | Which means in this case: | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 855 | |
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 856 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 857 | \bl{\begin{tabular}{lcl}
 | 
| 597 | 858 | $\meta{N}$ & $\rightarrow$ & $0 \cdot \meta{N}' \;|\; 1 \cdot \meta{N}'$\\
 | 
| 859 | $\meta{N}'$ & $\rightarrow$ & $\meta{N} \cdot \meta{N}' \;|\; \epsilon$\\
 | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 860 | \end{tabular}}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 861 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 862 | |
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 863 | |
| 597 | 864 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 865 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 866 | |
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 867 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 685 | 868 | %\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 869 | %\frametitle{Operator Precedences}
 | |
| 870 | % | |
| 871 | % | |
| 872 | %To disambiguate | |
| 873 | % | |
| 874 | %\begin{center}
 | |
| 875 | %\bl{\begin{tabular}{lcl}
 | |
| 876 | %$\meta{E}$ & $::=$ &  $\meta{E} \cdot + \cdot \meta{E} \;|\;\meta{E} \cdot * \cdot \meta{E} \;|\;( \cdot \meta{E} \cdot ) \;|\;\meta{N}$ \\
 | |
| 877 | %\end{tabular}}
 | |
| 878 | %\end{center}
 | |
| 879 | % | |
| 880 | %Decide on how many precedence levels, say\medskip\\ | |
| 881 | %highest for \bl{$()$}, medium for \bl{*}, lowest for \bl{+}
 | |
| 882 | % | |
| 883 | %\begin{center}
 | |
| 884 | %\bl{\begin{tabular}{lcl}
 | |
| 885 | %$\meta{E}_{low}$ & $::=$ & $\meta{E}_{med} \cdot + \cdot \meta{E}_{low} \;|\; \meta{E}_{med}$ \\
 | |
| 886 | %$\meta{E}_{med}$ & $::=$ & $\meta{E}_{hi} \cdot * \cdot \meta{E}_{med} \;|\; \meta{E}_{hi}$\\
 | |
| 887 | %$\meta{E}_{hi}$ & $::=$ &  $( \cdot \meta{E}_{low} \cdot ) \;|\;\meta{N}$ \\
 | |
| 888 | %\end{tabular}}
 | |
| 889 | %\end{center}\pause
 | |
| 890 | % | |
| 891 | %\small What happens with \bl{$1 + 3  + 4$}?
 | |
| 892 | %\end{frame}
 | |
| 366 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 893 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 894 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 895 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 896 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 597 | 897 | \frametitle{Chomsky Normal Form}
 | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 898 | |
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 899 | All rules must be of the form | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 900 | |
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 901 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 597 | 902 | \bl{$\meta{A} ::= a$}
 | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 903 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 904 | |
| 50 | 905 | or | 
| 906 | ||
| 907 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 597 | 908 | \bl{$\meta{A} ::= \meta{B}\cdot \meta{C}$}
 | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 909 | \end{center}
 | 
| 49 | 910 | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 911 | No rule can contain \bl{$\epsilon$}.
 | 
| 49 | 912 | |
| 597 | 913 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 49 | 914 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 915 | ||
| 169 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 916 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 917 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 918 | \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}$\epsilon$-Removal\end{tabular}}
 | 
| 169 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 919 | |
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 920 | \begin{enumerate}
 | 
| 597 | 921 | \item If \bl{$A::= \alpha \cdot B \cdot \beta$} and \bl{$B ::= \epsilon$} are in the grammar,
 | 
| 922 | then add \bl{$A::= \alpha \cdot \beta$} (iterate if necessary).
 | |
| 923 | \item Throw out all \bl{$B ::= \epsilon$}.
 | |
| 169 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 924 | \end{enumerate}
 | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 925 | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 926 | \small | 
| 169 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 927 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 928 | \begin{tabular}{ccc}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 929 | \bl{\begin{tabular}{l@{\hspace{1mm}}c@{\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | 
| 597 | 930 | $N$ & $::=$ & $0 \cdot N' \;|\; 1\cdot N'$\\ | 
| 931 | $N'$ & $::=$ & $N \cdot N'\;|\;\epsilon$\\ | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 932 | \\ | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 933 | \\ | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 934 | \\ | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 935 | \\ | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 936 | \\ | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 937 | \end{tabular}} &
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 938 | \bl{\begin{tabular}{l@{\hspace{1mm}}c@{\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 939 | \\ | 
| 597 | 940 | $N$ & $::=$ & $0 \cdot N' \;|\; 1\cdot N'\;|\;0\;|\;1$\\ | 
| 941 | $N'$ & $::=$ & $N \cdot N'\;|\;N\;|\;\epsilon$\\ | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 942 | \\ | 
| 597 | 943 | $N$ & $::=$ & $0 \cdot N' \;|\; 1\cdot N'\;|\;0\;|\;1$\\ | 
| 944 | $N'$ & $::=$ & $N \cdot N'\;|\;N$\\ | |
| 169 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 945 | \end{tabular}}
 | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 946 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 947 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 948 | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 949 | \pause\normalsize | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 950 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 951 | \bl{\begin{tabular}{l@{\hspace{1mm}}c@{\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | 
| 597 | 952 | $N$ & $::=$ & $0 \cdot N\;|\; 1\cdot N\;|\;0\;|\;1$\\ | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 953 | \end{tabular}}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 954 | |
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 955 | \end{center}
 | 
| 368 
a9911966c0df
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
366diff
changeset | 956 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 169 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 957 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 958 | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 959 | |
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 960 | |
| 169 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 961 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 962 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 597 | 963 | \frametitle{CYK Algorithm}
 | 
| 169 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 964 | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 965 | If grammar is in Chomsky normalform \ldots | 
| 169 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 966 | |
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 967 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 968 | \bl{\begin{tabular}{@ {}lcl@ {}}
 | 
| 597 | 969 | $\meta{S}$ & $::=$ &  $\meta{N}\cdot \meta{P}$ \\
 | 
| 970 | $\meta{P}$ & $::=$ &  $\meta{V}\cdot \meta{N}$ \\
 | |
| 971 | $\meta{N}$ & $::=$ &  $\meta{N}\cdot \meta{N}$ \\
 | |
| 972 | $\meta{N}$ & $::=$ &  $\texttt{students} \;|\; \texttt{Jeff} \;|\; \texttt{geometry} \;|\; \texttt{trains} $ \\
 | |
| 973 | $\meta{V}$ & $::=$ &  $\texttt{trains}$ 
 | |
| 49 | 974 | \end{tabular}}
 | 
| 975 | \end{center}
 | |
| 976 | ||
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 977 | \bl{\texttt{Jeff trains geometry students}}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 978 | |
| 597 | 979 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 980 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 597 | 981 | |
| 982 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 983 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 597 | 984 | \frametitle{CYK Algorithm}
 | 
| 49 | 985 | |
| 986 | ||
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 987 | \begin{itemize}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 988 | \item fastest possible algorithm for recognition problem | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 989 | \item runtime is \bl{$O(n^3)$}\bigskip
 | 
| 597 | 990 | \item grammars need to be transformed into CNF | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 991 | \end{itemize}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 992 | |
| 597 | 993 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 994 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 169 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 995 | |
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 996 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 366 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 997 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 998 | \frametitle{The Goal of this Course}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 999 | \mbox{}\\[-26mm]\mbox{}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1000 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1001 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1002 |   \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1,
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1003 |                       node/.style={
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1004 | rectangle,rounded corners=3mm, | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1005 | very thick,draw=black!50, | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1006 | minimum height=18mm, minimum width=20mm, | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1007 | top color=white,bottom color=black!20}] | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1008 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1009 |   \node at (3.05, 1.8) {\Large\bf Write a Compiler};
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1010 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1011 |   \node (0) at (-2.3,0) {}; 
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1012 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1013 |   \node (A) at (0,0)  [node] {};
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1014 |   \node [below right] at (A.north west) {lexer};
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1015 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1016 |   \node (B) at (3,0)  [node] {};
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1017 | \node [below right=1mm] at (B.north west) | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1018 |     {\mbox{}\hspace{-1mm}parser};
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1019 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1020 |   \node (C) at (6,0)  [node] {};
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1021 | \node [below right] at (C.north west) | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1022 |     {\mbox{}\hspace{-1mm}code gen};
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1023 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1024 |   \node (1) at (8.4,0) {}; 
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1025 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1026 | \draw [->,line width=4mm] (0) -- (A); | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1027 | \draw [->,line width=4mm] (A) -- (B); | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1028 | \draw [->,line width=4mm] (B) -- (C); | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1029 | \draw [->,line width=4mm] (C) -- (1); | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1030 |   \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1031 |   \end{center}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1032 | |
| 598 | 1033 | We have a lexer and a parser\ldots | 
| 366 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1034 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1035 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1036 | |
| 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1037 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 169 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1038 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1039 | |
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1040 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1041 | \bl{\begin{tabular}{@{}lcl@{}}
 | 
| 598 | 1042 | \meta{Stmt} & $::=$ &  $\texttt{skip}$\\
 | 
| 1043 |               & $|$ & \textit{Id}\;\texttt{:=}\;\meta{AExp}\\
 | |
| 1044 |               & $|$ & \texttt{if}\; \meta{BExp} \;\texttt{then}\; \meta{Block} \;\texttt{else}\; \meta{Block}\\
 | |
| 1045 |               & $|$ & \texttt{while}\; \meta{BExp} \;\texttt{do}\; \meta{Block}\\
 | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1046 |               & $|$ & \texttt{read}\;\textit{Id}\\
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1047 |               & $|$ & \texttt{write}\;\textit{Id}\\
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1048 |               & $|$ & \texttt{write}\;\textit{String}\medskip\\
 | 
| 598 | 1049 | \meta{Stmts} & $::=$ &  \meta{Stmt} \;\texttt{;}\; \meta{Stmts}\\
 | 
| 1050 |               & $|$ & \meta{Stmt}\medskip\\
 | |
| 1051 | \meta{Block} & $::=$ &  \texttt{\{}\,\meta{Stmts}\,\texttt{\}}\\
 | |
| 1052 |                 & $|$ & \meta{Stmt}\medskip\\
 | |
| 1053 | \meta{AExp} & $::=$ & \ldots\\
 | |
| 1054 | \meta{BExp} & $::=$ & \ldots\\
 | |
| 50 | 1055 | \end{tabular}}
 | 
| 1056 | \end{center}
 | |
| 366 
5a83336a9690
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
365diff
changeset | 1057 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 169 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1058 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1059 | |
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1060 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1061 | \mode<presentation>{
 | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1062 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1063 | |
| 744 | 1064 | ??%%\mbox{\lstinputlisting[language=while]{../progs/fib.while}}
 | 
| 169 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1065 | |
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1066 | \end{frame}}
 | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1067 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1068 | |
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1069 | |
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1070 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1071 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 598 | 1072 | \frametitle{An Interpreter}
 | 
| 169 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1073 | |
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1074 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1075 | \bl{\begin{tabular}{l}
 | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1076 | $\{$\\
 | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1077 | \;\;$x := 5 \text{;}$\\
 | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1078 | \;\;$y := x * 3\text{;}$\\
 | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1079 | \;\;$y := x * 4\text{;}$\\
 | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1080 | \;\;$x := u * 3$\\ | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1081 | $\}$ | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1082 | \end{tabular}}
 | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1083 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1084 | |
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1085 | \begin{itemize}
 | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1086 | \item the interpreter has to record the value of \bl{$x$} before assigning a value to \bl{$y$}\pause
 | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1087 | \item \bl{\text{eval}(stmt, env)}
 | 
| 169 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1088 | \end{itemize}
 | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1089 | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1090 | |
| 598 | 1091 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 365 
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1092 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1093 | |
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1094 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1095 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 598 | 1096 | \frametitle{An Interpreter}
 | 
| 365 
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1097 | |
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1098 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1099 | \bl{\begin{tabular}{@{}lcl@{}}
 | 
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1100 | $\text{eval}(n, E)$ & $\dn$ & $n$\\
 | 
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1101 | $\text{eval}(x, E)$ & $\dn$ & $E(x)$ \;\;\;\textcolor{black}{lookup \bl{$x$} in \bl{$E$}}\\
 | 
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1102 | $\text{eval}(a_1 + a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) + \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\\
 | 
| 
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1103 | $\text{eval}(a_1 - a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) - \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\\
 | 
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1104 | $\text{eval}(a_1 * a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) * \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\bigskip\\
 | 
| 
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1105 | $\text{eval}(a_1 = a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) = \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\\
 | 
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1106 | $\text{eval}(a_1\,!\!= a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\neg(\text{eval}(a_1, E) = \text{eval}(a_2, E))$\\
 | 
| 
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1107 | $\text{eval}(a_1 < a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) < \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\
 | 
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1108 | \end{tabular}}
 | 
| 
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1109 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1110 | |
| 598 | 1111 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 365 
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295diff
changeset | 1112 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 598 | 1113 | |
| 1114 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 365 
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295diff
changeset | 1115 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 598 | 1116 | \frametitle{An Interpreter (2)}
 | 
| 365 
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295diff
changeset | 1117 | |
| 
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1118 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1119 | \bl{\begin{tabular}{@{}lcl@{}}
 | 
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1120 | $\text{eval}(\text{skip}, E)$ & $\dn$ & $E$\\
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1121 | $\text{eval}(x:=a, E)$ & $\dn$ & \bl{$E(x \mapsto \text{eval}(a, E))$}\\
 | 
| 
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1122 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{$\text{eval}(\text{if}\;b\;\text{then}\;cs_1\;\text{else}\;cs_2 , E) \dn$}\\
 | 
| 
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1123 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\text{if}\;\text{eval}(b,E)\;\text{then}\;
 | 
| 
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1124 | \text{eval}(cs_1,E)$}\\
 | 
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1125 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\phantom{\text{if}\;\text{eval}(b,E)\;}\text{else}\;\text{eval}(cs_2,E)$}\\
 | 
| 
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1126 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{$\text{eval}(\text{while}\;b\;\text{do}\;cs, E) \dn$}\\
 | 
| 
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1127 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\text{if}\;\text{eval}(b,E)$}\\
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1128 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\text{then}\;
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1129 | \text{eval}(\text{while}\;b\;\text{do}\;cs, \text{eval}(cs,E))$}\\
 | 
| 
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1130 | \multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\text{else}\; E$}\\
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1131 | $\text{eval}(\text{write}\; x, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\{\;\text{println}(E(x))\; ;\;E\;\}$\\
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1132 | \end{tabular}}
 | 
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1133 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1134 | |
| 598 | 1135 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 365 
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1136 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1137 | |
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1138 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1139 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1140 | \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Test Program\end{tabular}}
 | 
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1141 | |
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1142 | \mbox{}\\[-18mm]\mbox{}
 | 
| 
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1143 | |
| 744 | 1144 | ?? | 
| 1145 | %{\lstset{language=While}%%\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont
 | |
| 1146 | %\texttt{\lstinputlisting{../progs/loops.while}}}
 | |
| 365 
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1147 | |
| 295 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1148 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 169 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1149 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
168diff
changeset | 1150 | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1151 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1152 | \mode<presentation>{
 | 
| 
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updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1153 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1154 | \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Interpreted Code\end{tabular}}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1155 | |
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1156 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1157 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1158 | \begin{axis}[axis x line=bottom, axis y line=left, xlabel=n, ylabel=secs, legend style=small]
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1159 | \addplot+[smooth] file {interpreted.data};
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1160 | \end{axis}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1161 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1162 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1163 | |
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1164 | \end{frame}}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1165 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1166 | |
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1167 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1168 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 685 | 1169 | \frametitle{Java Virtual Machine}
 | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1170 | |
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1171 | \begin{itemize}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1172 | \item introduced in 1995 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1173 | \item is a stack-based VM (like Postscript, CLR of .Net) | 
| 685 | 1174 | \item contains a JIT compiler\\ | 
| 1175 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 1176 | \item From the Cradle to the Holy Graal - the JDK Story | |
| 1177 | \item \url{https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h419kfbLhUI}
 | |
| 1178 | \end{itemize}
 | |
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1179 | \item is garbage collected $\Rightarrow$ no buffer overflows | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1180 | \item some languages compile to the JVM: Scala, Clojure\ldots | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1181 | \end{itemize}
 | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1182 | |
| 685 | 1183 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 365 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1184 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
9b71dead1219
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
295diff
changeset | 1185 | |
| 685 | 1186 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 1187 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1188 | \frametitle{LLVM}
 | |
| 1189 | ||
| 1190 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 1191 | \item LLVM started by academics in 2000 (University of Illinois in | |
| 1192 | Urbana-Champaign) | |
| 1193 | \item suite of compiler tools | |
| 1194 | \item SSA-based intermediate language | |
| 1195 | \item no need to allocate registers | |
| 686 | 1196 | \item source languages: C, C++, Rust, Go, Swift | 
| 1197 | \item target CPUs: x86, ARM, PowerPC, \ldots | |
| 685 | 1198 | \end{itemize}  
 | 
| 1199 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 1200 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 702 | 1201 | |
| 598 | 1202 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 666 | 1203 | %\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 1204 | %  \frametitle{Coursework: MkEps}
 | |
| 1205 | % | |
| 1206 | %\begin{center}
 | |
| 1207 | %\begin{tabular}{@ {}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@ {}}
 | |
| 1208 | %  \bl{$mkeps([c_1 c_2 \ldots c_n])$}  & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{undefined}$\\
 | |
| 1209 | %  \bl{$mkeps(r^*)$}                   & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{Stars\,[]}$\\
 | |
| 1210 | %  \bl{$mkeps(r^{\{n\}})$}              & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{Stars\,(mkeps(r))^n}$\\
 | |
| 1211 | %  \bl{$mkeps(r^{\{n..\}})$}            & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{Stars\,(mkeps(r))^n}$\\
 | |
| 1212 | %  \bl{$mkeps(r^{\{..n\}})$}            & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{Stars\,[]}$\\
 | |
| 1213 | %  \bl{$mkeps(r^{\{n..m\}})$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{Stars\,(mkeps(r))^n}$\medskip\\
 | |
| 1214 | % | |
| 1215 | %  \bl{$mkeps(r^+)$}                   & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$mkeps(r^{\{1..\}})$}\\
 | |
| 1216 | %  \bl{$mkeps(r^?)$}                   & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$mkeps(r^{\{..1\}})$}\\
 | |
| 1217 | %\end{tabular}
 | |
| 1218 | %\end{center}
 | |
| 1219 | % | |
| 1220 | %\end{frame}
 | |
| 1221 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1222 | % | |
| 1223 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 1224 | %\begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 1225 | %  \frametitle{Coursework: Inj}
 | |
| 1226 | % | |
| 1227 | %\begin{center}
 | |
| 1228 | %\begin{tabular}{@ {}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@ {}}
 | |
| 1229 | %  \bl{$inj([c_1 c_2 \ldots c_n])\,c\,Empty$}  & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{Chr\,c}$\\
 | |
| 1230 | %  \bl{$inj(r^*)\,c\;(Seq\,v\,(Stars\,vs))$}                   & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{Stars\,(inj\,r\,c\,v::vs)}$\\
 | |
| 1231 | %  \bl{$inj(r^{\{n\}})\,c\;(Seq\,v\,(Stars\,vs))$}              & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{Stars\,(inj\,r\,c\,v::vs)}$\\
 | |
| 1232 | %  \bl{$inj(r^{\{n..\}})\,c\;(Seq\,v\,(Stars\,vs))$}            & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{Stars\,(inj\,r\,c\,v::vs)}$\\
 | |
| 1233 | %  \bl{$inj(r^{\{..n\}})\,c\;(Seq\,v\,(Stars\,vs))$}            & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{Stars\,(inj\,r\,c\,v::vs)}$\\
 | |
| 1234 | %  \bl{$inj(r^{\{n..m\}})\,c\;(Seq\,v\,(Stars\,vs))$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{Stars\,(inj\,r\,c\,v::vs)}$\medskip\\
 | |
| 1235 | % | |
| 1236 | %  \bl{$inj(r^+)\,c\,v$}                   & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$inj(r^{\{1..\}})\,c\,v$}\\
 | |
| 1237 | %  \bl{$inj(r^?)\,c\,v$}                   & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$inj(r^{\{..1\}})\,c\,v$}\\
 | |
| 1238 | %\end{tabular}
 | |
| 1239 | %\end{center}
 | |
| 1240 | % | |
| 1241 | %\end{frame}
 | |
| 1242 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 702 | 1243 | % | 
| 598 | 1244 | |
| 49 | 1245 | \end{document}
 | 
| 1246 | ||
| 1247 | %%% Local Variables: | |
| 1248 | %%% mode: latex | |
| 1249 | %%% TeX-master: t | |
| 1250 | %%% End: | |
| 1251 |