| author | Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk> | 
| Wed, 04 Nov 2020 17:34:52 +0000 | |
| changeset 799 | c18b991eaad2 | 
| parent 750 | 40b7efa5fbed | 
| child 803 | c1dfa3f64829 | 
| permissions | -rw-r--r-- | 
| 666 | 1  | 
% !TEX program = xelatex  | 
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\documentclass[dvipsnames,14pt,t,xelatex,aspectratio=169,xcolor={table}]{beamer}
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295
 
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
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\usepackage{../slides}
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parents: 
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\usepackage{../graphics}
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parents: 
184 
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\usepackage{../langs}
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parents: 
184 
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\usepackage{../data}
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\usepackage{../grammar}
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\newcommand{\bl}[1]{\textcolor{blue}{#1}}       
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parents: 
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%\newcommand{\dn}{\stackrel{\mbox{\scriptsize def}}{=}}% for definitions
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\newcommand{\qq}{\mbox{\texttt{"}}}
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\begin{document}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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295
 
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parents: 
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\begin{frame}[t]
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\frametitle{%
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  \begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}
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\\[-3mm]  | 
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\LARGE Compilers and \\[-2mm]  | 
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\LARGE Formal Languages\\[3mm]  | 
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  \end{tabular}}
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\normalsize  | 
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  \begin{center}
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  \begin{tabular}{ll}
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Email: & christian.urban at kcl.ac.uk\\  | 
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%Office Hours: & Thursdays 12 -- 14\\  | 
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%Location: & N7.07 (North Wing, Bush House)\\  | 
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Slides \& Progs: & KEATS (also homework is there)\\  | 
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  \end{tabular}
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  \end{center}
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  \begin{center}
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    \begin{tikzpicture}
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\node[drop shadow,fill=white,inner sep=0pt]  | 
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      {\footnotesize\rowcolors{1}{capri!10}{white}
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        \begin{tabular}{|p{4.8cm}|p{4.8cm}|}\hline
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          1 Introduction, Languages          & \cellcolor{blue!50} 6 While-Language \\
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2 Regular Expressions, Derivatives & 7 Compilation, JVM \\  | 
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3 Automata, Regular Languages & 8 Compiling Functional Languages \\  | 
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4 Lexing, Tokenising & 9 Optimisations \\  | 
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5 Grammars, Parsing & 10 LLVM \\ \hline  | 
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        \end{tabular}%
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};  | 
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    \end{tikzpicture}
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  \end{center}
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19f23c4c2167
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
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53  | 
\end{frame}
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19f23c4c2167
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{Parser Combinators}
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One of the simplest ways to implement a parser, see  | 
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{\small\url{https://vimeo.com/142341803}} (by Haoyi Li)\bigskip
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\begin{itemize}
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\item[$\bullet$] build-in library in Scala  | 
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\item[$\bullet$] fastparse (2) library by Haoyi Li; is part of Ammonite  | 
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\item[$\bullet$] possible exponential runtime behaviour  | 
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{Parser Combinators}
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Parser combinators: \bigskip  | 
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\begin{minipage}{1.1\textwidth}
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\begin{center}
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\mbox{}\hspace{-12mm}\mbox{}$\underbrace{\text{list of tokens}}_{\text{input}}$ \bl{$\Rightarrow$} 
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$\underbrace{\text{set of (parsed input, unparsed input)}}_{\text{output}}$
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\end{center}
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\end{minipage}\bigskip
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\begin{itemize}
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\item atomic parsers  | 
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\item sequencing  | 
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\item alternative  | 
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\item semantic action (map-parser)  | 
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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\begin{frame}[c]
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Atomic parsers, for example, number tokens  | 
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\begin{center}
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\bl{$\texttt{Num(123)}::rest \;\Rightarrow\; \{(\texttt{Num(123)}, rest)\}$} 
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\end{center}\bigskip
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\begin{itemize}
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\item you consume one or more token from the\\  | 
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input (stream)  | 
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\item also works for characters and strings  | 
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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\begin{frame}[c]
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Alternative parser (code \bl{$p\;||\;q$})\bigskip
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\begin{itemize}
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\item apply \bl{$p$} and also \bl{$q$}; then combine 
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the outputs  | 
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\end{itemize}
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\begin{center}
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\large \bl{$p(\text{input}) \cup q(\text{input})$}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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\begin{frame}[c]
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Sequence parser (code \bl{$p\sim q$})\bigskip
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\begin{itemize}
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\item apply first \bl{$p$} producing a set of pairs
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\item then apply \bl{$q$} to the unparsed part
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\item then combine the results:\medskip  | 
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\begin{center}
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((output$_1$, output$_2$), unparsed part)  | 
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\end{center}
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\end{itemize}
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tabular}{l}
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\large \bl{$\{((o_1, o_2), u_2) \;|\;$}\\[2mm] 
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\large\mbox{}\hspace{15mm} \bl{$(o_1, u_1) \in p(\text{input}) \wedge$}\\[2mm]
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\large\mbox{}\hspace{15mm} \bl{$(o_2, u_2) \in q(u_1)\}$}
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\end{tabular}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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\begin{frame}[c]
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Map-parser (code \bl{$p.map(f)\;$})\bigskip
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\begin{itemize}
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\item apply \bl{$p$} producing a set of pairs
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\item then apply the function \bl{$f$} to each first component
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\end{itemize}
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tabular}{l}
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\large \bl{$\{(f(o_1), u_1) \;|\; (o_1, u_1) \in p(\text{input})\}$}
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\end{tabular}
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\end{center}\bigskip\bigskip\pause
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\bl{$f$} is the semantic action (``what to do with the parsed input'')
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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\mode<presentation>{
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Semantic Actions\end{tabular}}
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Addition  | 
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\begin{center}
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\bl{$\meta{T} \sim + \sim \meta{E} \Rightarrow \underbrace{f\,((x,y), z) \Rightarrow x + z}_{\text{semantic action}}$}
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\end{center}\pause
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Multiplication  | 
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\begin{center}
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\bl{$\meta{F} \sim * \sim \meta{T} \Rightarrow f\,((x,y), z) \Rightarrow x * z$}
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\end{center}\pause
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Parenthesis  | 
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\begin{center}
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\bl{$\text{(} \sim \meta{E} \sim \text{)} \Rightarrow f\,((x,y), z) \Rightarrow y$}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{Types of Parsers}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item {\bf Sequencing}: if \bl{$p$} returns results of type \bl{$T$}, and \bl{$q$} results of type \bl{$S$},
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then \bl{$p \sim q$} returns results of type
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\begin{center}
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\bl{$T \times S$}
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\end{center}\pause
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\item {\bf Alternative}: if \bl{$p$} returns results of type \bl{$T$} then  \bl{$q$} \alert{must} also have results of type \bl{$T$},
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and \bl{$p \;||\; q$} returns results of type
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\begin{center}
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\bl{$T$}
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\end{center}\pause
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\item {\bf Semantic Action}: if \bl{$p$} returns results of type \bl{$T$} and \bl{$f$} is a function from
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\bl{$T$} to \bl{$S$}, then
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\bl{$p \Rightarrow f$} returns results of type
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\begin{center}
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\bl{$S$}
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\end{center}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{Input Types of Parsers}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item input: \alert{token list}
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\item output: set of (output\_type, \alert{token list})
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\end{itemize}\bigskip\pause
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actually it can be any input type as long as it is a kind of  | 
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sequence (for example a string)  | 
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{Scannerless Parsers}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item input: \alert{string}
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\item output: set of (output\_type, \alert{string})
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\end{itemize}\bigskip\bigskip
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but using lexers is better because whitespaces or comments can be  | 
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filtered out; then input is a sequence of tokens  | 
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{Successful Parses}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item input: string  | 
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\item output: \alert{set of} (output\_type, string)
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\end{itemize}\bigskip
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a parse is successful whenever the input has been fully  | 
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``consumed'' (that is the second component is empty)  | 
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{Abstract Parser Class}
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285  | 
\small  | 
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\lstinputlisting[language=Scala,xleftmargin=1mm]  | 
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 {../progs/app7.scala}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\small  | 
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\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont
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\lstinputlisting[language=Scala,xleftmargin=1mm]  | 
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  {../progs/app8.scala}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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301  | 
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{Two Grammars}
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Which languages are recognised by the following two grammars?  | 
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308  | 
\begin{center}
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\bl{\begin{tabular}{lcl}
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$\meta{S}$ & $\rightarrow$ &  $1 \cdot \meta{S} \cdot \meta{S}$\\
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& $|$ & $\epsilon$  | 
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\end{tabular}}
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\end{center}\bigskip
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315  | 
\begin{center}
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\bl{\begin{tabular}{lcl}
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$\meta{U}$ & $\rightarrow$ &  $1 \cdot \meta{U}$\\
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& $|$ & $\epsilon$  | 
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\end{tabular}}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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326  | 
\begin{frame}[t]
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\frametitle{Ambiguous Grammars}
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329  | 
\begin{center}
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330  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}
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\begin{axis}[xlabel={\pcode{1}s},ylabel={time in secs},
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enlargelimits=false,  | 
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    xtick={0,100,...,1000},
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xmax=1050,  | 
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ymax=33,  | 
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    ytick={0,5,...,30},
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scaled ticks=false,  | 
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axis lines=left,  | 
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width=11cm,  | 
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height=7cm,  | 
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    legend entries={unambiguous,ambiguous},  
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legend pos=north east,  | 
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legend cell align=left,  | 
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    x tick label style={font=\small,/pgf/number format/1000 sep={}}]
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\addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] 
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  table {s-grammar1.data};
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347  | 
\only<2>{
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  \addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=white}] 
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  table {s-grammar2.data};}  
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\end{axis}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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357  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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358  | 
\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{While-Language}
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\mbox{}\\[-23mm]\mbox{}
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361  | 
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362  | 
\bl{\begin{plstx}[rhs style=,one per line]: \meta{Stmt} ::= skip
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         | \meta{Id} := \meta{AExp}
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         | if \meta{BExp} then \meta{Block} else \meta{Block}
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         | while \meta{BExp} do \meta{Block}\\
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: \meta{Stmts} ::= \meta{Stmt} ; \meta{Stmts}
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          | \meta{Stmt}\\
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368  | 
: \meta{Block} ::= \{ \meta{Stmts} \}
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          | \meta{Stmt}\\
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370  | 
: \meta{AExp} ::= \ldots\\
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371  | 
: \meta{BExp} ::= \ldots\\\end{plstx}}
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372  | 
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373  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
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374  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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375  | 
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376  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
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377  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
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378  | 
\frametitle{An Interpreter}
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379  | 
||
380  | 
\begin{center}
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381  | 
\bl{\begin{tabular}{l}
 | 
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382  | 
$\{$\\
 | 
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383  | 
\;\;$x := 5 \text{;}$\\
 | 
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384  | 
\;\;$y := x * 3\text{;}$\\
 | 
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385  | 
\;\;$y := x * 4\text{;}$\\
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\;\;$x := u * 3$\\  | 
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387  | 
$\}$  | 
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388  | 
\end{tabular}}
 | 
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389  | 
\end{center}
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390  | 
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391  | 
\begin{itemize}
 | 
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392  | 
\item the interpreter has to record the value of \bl{$x$} before assigning a value to \bl{$y$}\pause
 | 
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393  | 
\item \bl{\texttt{eval(stmt, env)}}
 | 
|
394  | 
\end{itemize}
 | 
|
395  | 
||
396  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
397  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
398  | 
||
399  | 
||
400  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
401  | 
\mode<presentation>{
 | 
|
402  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
403  | 
\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Interpreter\end{tabular}}
 | 
|
404  | 
||
405  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
406  | 
\bl{\begin{tabular}{@{}lcl@{}}
 | 
|
407  | 
$\text{eval}(n, E)$ & $\dn$ & $n$\\
 | 
|
408  | 
$\text{eval}(x, E)$ & $\dn$ & $E(x)$ \;\;\;\textcolor{black}{lookup \bl{$x$} in \bl{$E$}}\\
 | 
|
409  | 
$\text{eval}(a_1 + a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) + \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\\
 | 
|
410  | 
$\text{eval}(a_1 - a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) - \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\\
 | 
|
411  | 
$\text{eval}(a_1 * a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) * \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\bigskip\\
 | 
|
412  | 
$\text{eval}(a_1 = a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) = \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\\
 | 
|
413  | 
$\text{eval}(a_1\,!\!= a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\neg(\text{eval}(a_1, E) = \text{eval}(a_2, E))$\\
 | 
|
414  | 
$\text{eval}(a_1 < a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) < \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\
 | 
|
415  | 
\end{tabular}}
 | 
|
416  | 
\end{center}
 | 
|
417  | 
||
418  | 
\end{frame}}
 | 
|
419  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
420  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
421  | 
\mode<presentation>{
 | 
|
422  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
423  | 
\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Interpreter (2)\end{tabular}}
 | 
|
424  | 
||
425  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
426  | 
\bl{\begin{tabular}{@{}lcl@{}}
 | 
|
427  | 
$\text{eval}(\text{skip}, E)$ & $\dn$ & $E$\\
 | 
|
428  | 
$\text{eval}(x:=a, E)$ & $\dn$ & \bl{$E(x \mapsto \text{eval}(a, E))$}\\
 | 
|
429  | 
\multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{$\text{eval}(\text{if}\;b\;\text{then}\;cs_1\;\text{else}\;cs_2 , E) \dn$}\\
 | 
|
430  | 
\multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\text{if}\;\text{eval}(b,E)\;\text{then}\;
 | 
|
431  | 
\text{eval}(cs_1,E)$}\\
 | 
|
432  | 
\multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\phantom{\text{if}\;\text{eval}(b,E)\;}\text{else}\;\text{eval}(cs_2,E)$}\\
 | 
|
433  | 
\multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{$\text{eval}(\text{while}\;b\;\text{do}\;cs, E) \dn$}\\
 | 
|
434  | 
\multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\text{if}\;\text{eval}(b,E)$}\\
 | 
|
435  | 
\multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\text{then}\;
 | 
|
436  | 
\text{eval}(\text{while}\;b\;\text{do}\;cs, \text{eval}(cs,E))$}\\
 | 
|
437  | 
\multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\text{else}\; E$}\\
 | 
|
438  | 
$\text{eval}(\text{write}\; x, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\{\;\text{println}(E(x))\; ;\;E\;\}$\\
 | 
|
439  | 
\end{tabular}}
 | 
|
440  | 
\end{center}
 | 
|
441  | 
||
442  | 
\end{frame}}
 | 
|
443  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
444  | 
||
445  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
446  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
447  | 
\frametitle{Test Program}
 | 
|
448  | 
||
449  | 
\mbox{}\\[-18mm]\mbox{}
 | 
|
450  | 
||
451  | 
??%{\lstset{language=While}%%\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont
 | 
|
452  | 
%\texttt{\lstinputlisting{../progs/loops.while}}}
 | 
|
453  | 
||
454  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
455  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
456  | 
||
457  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
458  | 
\mode<presentation>{
 | 
|
459  | 
\begin{frame}[t]
 | 
|
460  | 
\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Interpreted Code\end{tabular}}
 | 
|
461  | 
||
462  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
463  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
464  | 
\begin{axis}[axis x line=bottom, axis y line=left, xlabel=n, ylabel=secs, legend style=small]
 | 
|
465  | 
\addplot+[smooth] file {interpreted.data};
 | 
|
466  | 
\end{axis}
 | 
|
467  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
468  | 
\end{center}
 | 
|
469  | 
||
470  | 
\end{frame}}
 | 
|
471  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
472  | 
||
473  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
474  | 
\mode<presentation>{
 | 
|
475  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
476  | 
\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Java Virtual Machine\end{tabular}}
 | 
|
477  | 
||
478  | 
\begin{itemize}
 | 
|
479  | 
\item introduced in 1995  | 
|
480  | 
\item is a stack-based VM (like Postscript, CLR of .Net)  | 
|
481  | 
\item contains a JIT compiler  | 
|
482  | 
\item many languages take advantage of JVM's infrastructure (JRE)  | 
|
483  | 
\item is garbage collected $\Rightarrow$ no buffer overflows  | 
|
484  | 
\item some languages compile to the JVM: Scala, Clojure\ldots  | 
|
485  | 
\end{itemize}
 | 
|
486  | 
||
487  | 
\end{frame}}
 | 
|
488  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
489  | 
||
490  | 
||
491  | 
||
492  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
493  | 
\begin{frame}[t]
 | 
|
494  | 
\frametitle{%
 | 
|
495  | 
  \begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}
 | 
|
496  | 
\\[-3mm]  | 
|
497  | 
\LARGE Compilers and \\[-2mm]  | 
|
498  | 
\LARGE Formal Languages\\[3mm]  | 
|
499  | 
  \end{tabular}}
 | 
|
500  | 
||
501  | 
\normalsize  | 
|
502  | 
  \begin{center}
 | 
|
503  | 
  \begin{tabular}{ll}
 | 
|
504  | 
Email: & christian.urban at kcl.ac.uk\\  | 
|
505  | 
%Office Hours: & Thursdays 12 -- 14\\  | 
|
506  | 
%Location: & N7.07 (North Wing, Bush House)\\  | 
|
507  | 
Slides \& Progs: & KEATS (also homework is there)\\  | 
|
508  | 
  \end{tabular}
 | 
|
509  | 
  \end{center}
 | 
|
510  | 
||
511  | 
  \begin{center}
 | 
|
512  | 
    \begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
513  | 
\node[drop shadow,fill=white,inner sep=0pt]  | 
|
514  | 
      {\footnotesize\rowcolors{1}{capri!10}{white}
 | 
|
515  | 
        \begin{tabular}{|p{4.8cm}|p{4.8cm}|}\hline
 | 
|
516  | 
          1 Introduction, Languages          & \cellcolor{blue!50} 6 While-Language \\
 | 
|
517  | 
2 Regular Expressions, Derivatives & 7 Compilation, JVM \\  | 
|
518  | 
3 Automata, Regular Languages & 8 Compiling Functional Languages \\  | 
|
519  | 
4 Lexing, Tokenising & 9 Optimisations \\  | 
|
520  | 
5 Grammars, Parsing & 10 LLVM \\ \hline  | 
|
521  | 
        \end{tabular}%
 | 
|
522  | 
};  | 
|
523  | 
    \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
524  | 
  \end{center}
 | 
|
525  | 
||
526  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
527  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
528  | 
||
529  | 
||
530  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
| 531 | 531  | 
% \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
532  | 
% \small  | 
|
533  | 
% \mbox{}\\[5mm]
 | 
|
534  | 
% %\begin{textblock}{10}(3,5)
 | 
|
535  | 
% \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.5,
 | 
|
536  | 
% node distance=1cm,  | 
|
537  | 
%                     every node/.style={minimum size=7mm}]
 | 
|
538  | 
% \node (r1)  {\bl{$r_1$}};
 | 
|
539  | 
% \node (r2) [right=of r1] {\bl{$r_2$}};
 | 
|
540  | 
% \draw[->,line width=1mm]  (r1) -- (r2) node[above,midway] {\bl{$der\,a$}};
 | 
|
541  | 
% \node (r3) [right=of r2] {\bl{$r_3$}};
 | 
|
542  | 
% \draw[->,line width=1mm]  (r2) -- (r3) node[above,midway] {\bl{$der\,b$}};
 | 
|
543  | 
% \node (r4) [right=of r3] {\bl{$r_4$}};
 | 
|
544  | 
% \draw[->,line width=1mm]  (r3) -- (r4) node[above,midway] {\bl{$der\,c$}};
 | 
|
545  | 
% \draw (r4) node[anchor=west] {\;\raisebox{3mm}{\bl{$nullable$}}};
 | 
|
546  | 
% \node (v4) [below=of r4] {\bl{$v_4$}};
 | 
|
547  | 
% \draw[->,line width=1mm] (r4) -- (v4);  | 
|
548  | 
% \node (v3) [left=of v4] {\bl{$v_3$}};
 | 
|
549  | 
% \draw[->,line width=1mm]  (v4) -- (v3) node[below,midway] {\bl{$inj\,c$}};
 | 
|
550  | 
% \node (v2) [left=of v3] {\bl{$v_2$}};
 | 
|
551  | 
% \draw[->,line width=1mm]  (v3) -- (v2) node[below,midway] {\bl{$inj\,b$}};
 | 
|
552  | 
% \node (v1) [left=of v2] {\bl{$v_1$}};
 | 
|
553  | 
% \draw[->,line width=1mm]  (v2) -- (v1) node[below,midway] {\bl{$inj\,a$}};
 | 
|
554  | 
% \draw[->,line width=0.5mm] (r3) -- (v3);  | 
|
555  | 
% \draw[->,line width=0.5mm] (r2) -- (v2);  | 
|
556  | 
% \draw[->,line width=0.5mm] (r1) -- (v1);  | 
|
557  | 
% \draw (r4) node[anchor=north west] {\;\raisebox{-8mm}{\bl{$mkeps$}}};
 | 
|
558  | 
% \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
|
559  | 
% %\end{textblock}
 | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
560  | 
|
| 531 | 561  | 
% \begin{center}
 | 
562  | 
% \begin{tabular}{l@{\hspace{1mm}}c@{\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | 
|
563  | 
% \\[-10mm]  | 
|
564  | 
%   \bl{$inj\,(c)\,c\,Empty$} & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$Char\,c$}\\
 | 
|
565  | 
%   \bl{$inj\,(r_1 + r_2)\,c\,Left(v)$} & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$Left(inj\,r_1\,c\,v)$}\\
 | 
|
566  | 
%   \bl{$inj\,(r_1 + r_2)\,c\,Right(v)$} & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$Right(inj\,r_2\,c\,v)$}\\
 | 
|
567  | 
%   \bl{$inj\,(r_1 \cdot r_2)\,c\,Seq(v_1,v_2)$} & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$Seq(inj\,r_1\,c\,v_1,v_2)$}\\
 | 
|
568  | 
%   \bl{$inj\,(r_1 \cdot r_2)\,c\,Left(Seq(v_1,v_2))$} & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$Seq(inj\,r_1\,c\,v_1,v_2)$}\\
 | 
|
569  | 
%   \bl{$inj\,(r_1 \cdot r_2)\,c\,Right(v)$} & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$Seq(mkeps(r_1),inj\,r_2\,c\,v)$}\\
 | 
|
570  | 
%   \bl{$inj\,(r^*)\,c\,Seq(v,vs)$} & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{$inj\,r\,c\,v\,::\,vs$}\\
 | 
|
571  | 
% \end{tabular}
 | 
|
572  | 
% \end{center}
 | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
573  | 
|
| 531 | 574  | 
% \end{frame}
 | 
575  | 
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
576  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
577  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 683 | 578  | 
\begin{frame}[t]
 | 
579  | 
\frametitle{Starting Symbol}
 | 
|
580  | 
||
581  | 
\bl{\begin{plstx}[margin=1cm]
 | 
|
582  | 
  : \meta{S} ::= \meta{A}\cdot\meta{S}\cdot\meta{B} |
 | 
|
583  | 
                 \meta{B}\cdot\meta{S}\cdot\meta{A} | \epsilon\\
 | 
|
584  | 
  : \meta{A} ::= a | \epsilon\\
 | 
|
585  | 
  : \meta{B} ::= b\\  
 | 
|
586  | 
\end{plstx}}
 | 
|
587  | 
||
| 750 | 588  | 
|
589  | 
TODO: Testcases for math expressions  | 
|
590  | 
\url{https://github.com/ArashPartow/math-parser-benchmark-project}
 | 
|
591  | 
||
| 683 | 592  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
593  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
594  | 
||
595  | 
||
596  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
597  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 683 | 598  | 
\frametitle{Hierarchy of Languages}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
599  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
600  | 
Recall that languages are sets of strings.  | 
| 
295
 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
601  | 
|
| 
 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
602  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
603  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
604  | 
[rect/.style={draw=black!50, top color=white,bottom color=black!20, rectangle, very thick, rounded corners}]
 | 
| 
295
 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
605  | 
|
| 
 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
606  | 
\draw (0,0) node [rect, text depth=39mm, text width=68mm] {all languages};
 | 
| 
 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
607  | 
\draw (0,-0.4) node [rect, text depth=28.5mm, text width=64mm] {decidable languages};
 | 
| 
 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
608  | 
\draw (0,-0.85) node [rect, text depth=17mm] {context sensitive languages};
 | 
| 
 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
609  | 
\draw (0,-1.14) node [rect, text depth=9mm, text width=50mm] {context-free languages};
 | 
| 
 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
610  | 
\draw (0,-1.4) node [rect] {regular languages};
 | 
| 
 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
611  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
612  | 
|
| 
 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
613  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
614  | 
|
| 
366
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
615  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
616  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
617  | 
|
| 531 | 618  | 
|
| 
366
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
619  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
620  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
621  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 598 | 622  | 
\frametitle{Parser Combinators}
 | 
623  | 
||
| 
366
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
624  | 
Atomic parsers, for example  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
625  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
626  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
627  | 
\bl{$1::rest \;\Rightarrow\; \{(1, rest)\}$} 
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
628  | 
\end{center}\bigskip
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
629  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
630  | 
\begin{itemize}
 | 
| 597 | 631  | 
\item you consume one or more tokens from the\\  | 
| 
366
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
632  | 
input (stream)  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
633  | 
\item also works for characters and strings  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
634  | 
\end{itemize}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
635  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
636  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
637  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
638  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
639  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
640  | 
|
| 686 | 641  | 
Alternative parser (code \bl{$p\;|\;q$})\bigskip
 | 
| 
366
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
642  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
643  | 
\begin{itemize}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
644  | 
\item apply \bl{$p$} and also \bl{$q$}; then combine 
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
645  | 
the outputs  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
646  | 
\end{itemize}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
647  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
648  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
649  | 
\large \bl{$p(\text{input}) \cup q(\text{input})$}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
650  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
651  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
652  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
653  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
654  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
655  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
656  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
657  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
658  | 
Sequence parser (code \bl{$p\sim q$})\bigskip
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
659  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
660  | 
\begin{itemize}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
661  | 
\item apply first \bl{$p$} producing a set of pairs
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
662  | 
\item then apply \bl{$q$} to the unparsed parts
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
663  | 
\item then combine the results:\medskip  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
664  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
665  | 
((output$_1$, output$_2$), unparsed part)  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
666  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
667  | 
\end{itemize}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
668  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
669  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
670  | 
\begin{tabular}{l}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
671  | 
\large \bl{$\{((o_1, o_2), u_2) \;|\;$}\\[2mm] 
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
672  | 
\large\mbox{}\hspace{15mm} \bl{$(o_1, u_1) \in p(\text{input}) \wedge$}\\[2mm]
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
673  | 
\large\mbox{}\hspace{15mm} \bl{$(o_2, u_2) \in q(u_1)\}$}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
674  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
675  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
676  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
677  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
678  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
679  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
680  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
681  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
682  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
683  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
684  | 
Function parser (code \bl{$p \Rightarrow f\;$})\bigskip
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
685  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
686  | 
\begin{itemize}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
687  | 
\item apply \bl{$p$} producing a set of pairs
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
688  | 
\item then apply the function \bl{$f$} to each first component
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
689  | 
\end{itemize}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
690  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
691  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
692  | 
\begin{tabular}{l}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
693  | 
\large \bl{$\{(f(o_1), u_1) \;|\; (o_1, u_1) \in p(\text{input})\}$}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
694  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
695  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
696  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
697  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
698  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
699  | 
|
| 531 | 700  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
701  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
702  | 
\frametitle{Types of Parsers}
 | 
|
703  | 
||
704  | 
\begin{itemize}
 | 
|
705  | 
\item {\bf Sequencing}: if \bl{$p$} returns results of type \bl{$T$}, and \bl{$q$} results of type \bl{$S$},
 | 
|
706  | 
then \bl{$p \sim q$} returns results of type
 | 
|
707  | 
||
708  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
709  | 
\bl{$T \times S$}
 | 
|
710  | 
\end{center}\pause
 | 
|
711  | 
||
712  | 
\item {\bf Alternative}: if \bl{$p$} returns results of type \bl{$T$} then  \bl{$q$} \alert{must} also have results of type \bl{$T$},
 | 
|
| 686 | 713  | 
and \bl{$p \;|\; q$} returns results of type
 | 
| 531 | 714  | 
|
715  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
716  | 
\bl{$T$}
 | 
|
717  | 
\end{center}\pause
 | 
|
718  | 
||
719  | 
\item {\bf Semantic Action}: if \bl{$p$} returns results of type \bl{$T$} and \bl{$f$} is a function from
 | 
|
720  | 
\bl{$T$} to \bl{$S$}, then
 | 
|
721  | 
\bl{$p \Rightarrow f$} returns results of type
 | 
|
722  | 
||
723  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
724  | 
\bl{$S$}
 | 
|
725  | 
\end{center}
 | 
|
726  | 
||
727  | 
\end{itemize}
 | 
|
728  | 
||
729  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
730  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
731  | 
||
732  | 
||
733  | 
||
734  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
735  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
736  | 
\frametitle{Two Grammars}
 | 
|
737  | 
||
738  | 
Which languages are recognised by the following two grammars?  | 
|
739  | 
||
| 597 | 740  | 
\bl{\begin{plstx}[margin=3cm]
 | 
741  | 
: \meta{S} ::= \liningnums{1}\cdot\meta{S}\cdot \meta{S} | \epsilon\\
 | 
|
742  | 
\end{plstx}}
 | 
|
| 531 | 743  | 
|
| 597 | 744  | 
\bl{\begin{plstx}[margin=3cm]
 | 
745  | 
: \meta{U} ::= \liningnums{1}\cdot\meta{U} | \epsilon\\
 | 
|
746  | 
\end{plstx}}
 | 
|
| 531 | 747  | 
|
748  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
749  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
| 
366
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
750  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
751  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
752  | 
\begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
753  | 
\frametitle{Ambiguous Grammars}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
754  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
755  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
756  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
757  | 
\begin{axis}[xlabel={\pcode{1}s},ylabel={time in secs},
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
758  | 
enlargelimits=false,  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
759  | 
    xtick={0,100,...,1000},
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
760  | 
xmax=1050,  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
761  | 
ymax=33,  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
762  | 
    ytick={0,5,...,30},
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
763  | 
scaled ticks=false,  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
764  | 
axis lines=left,  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
765  | 
width=11cm,  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
766  | 
height=7cm,  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
767  | 
    legend entries={unambiguous,ambiguous},  
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
768  | 
legend pos=north east,  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
769  | 
legend cell align=left,  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
770  | 
    x tick label style={font=\small,/pgf/number format/1000 sep={}}]
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
771  | 
\addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] 
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
772  | 
  table {s-grammar1.data};
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
773  | 
\only<2>{
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
774  | 
  \addplot[red,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=white}] 
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
775  | 
  table {s-grammar2.data};}  
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
776  | 
\end{axis}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
777  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
778  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
779  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
780  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
295
 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
781  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
782  | 
|
| 
 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
783  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
784  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 597 | 785  | 
\frametitle{Arithmetic Expressions}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
786  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
787  | 
A grammar for arithmetic expressions and numbers:  | 
| 50 | 788  | 
|
| 597 | 789  | 
\bl{\begin{plstx}[margin=1cm]
 | 
790  | 
    : \meta{E} ::= \meta{E} \cdot + \cdot \meta{E}
 | 
|
791  | 
    | \meta{E} \cdot * \cdot \meta{E}
 | 
|
792  | 
    | ( \cdot \meta{E} \cdot )  | \meta{N}\\
 | 
|
793  | 
    : \meta{N} ::= \meta{N} \cdot \meta{N} |
 | 
|
794  | 
0 | 1 | \ldots | 9\\  | 
|
795  | 
\end{plstx}}
 | 
|
| 49 | 796  | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
797  | 
Unfortunately it is left-recursive (and ambiguous).\medskip\\  | 
| 597 | 798  | 
A problem for \alert{recursive descent parsers} (e.g.~parser
 | 
799  | 
combinators). \bigskip\pause  | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
800  | 
|
| 597 | 801  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
802  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
803  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
804  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
805  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
806  | 
\begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 597 | 807  | 
\frametitle{Numbers}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
808  | 
|
| 597 | 809  | 
\bl{\begin{plstx}[margin=1cm]
 | 
810  | 
    : \meta{N} ::= \meta{N} \cdot \meta{N} |
 | 
|
811  | 
0 | 1 | \ldots | 9\\  | 
|
812  | 
\end{plstx}}
 | 
|
| 49 | 813  | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
814  | 
A non-left-recursive, non-ambiguous grammar for numbers:  | 
| 49 | 815  | 
|
| 597 | 816  | 
\bl{\begin{plstx}[margin=1cm]
 | 
817  | 
    : \meta{N} ::= 0 \cdot \meta{N} | 1 \cdot \meta{N} | \ldots |
 | 
|
818  | 
0 | 1 | \ldots | 9\\  | 
|
819  | 
\end{plstx}}
 | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
820  | 
|
| 597 | 821  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
822  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
823  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
824  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
825  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 597 | 826  | 
\frametitle{Removing Left-Recursion}
 | 
| 
295
 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
827  | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
828  | 
The rule for numbers is directly left-recursive:  | 
| 49 | 829  | 
|
830  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
| 50 | 831  | 
\bl{\begin{tabular}{lcl}
 | 
| 597 | 832  | 
$\meta{N}$ & $::=$ & $\meta{N} \cdot \meta{N} \;|\; 0 \;|\; 1\;\;\;\;(\ldots)$ 
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
833  | 
\end{tabular}}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
834  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
835  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
836  | 
Translate  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
837  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
838  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
839  | 
\begin{tabular}{ccc}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
840  | 
\bl{\begin{tabular}{lcl}
 | 
| 597 | 841  | 
$\meta{N}$ & $::=$ & $\meta{N} \cdot \alpha$\\
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
842  | 
& $\;|\;$ & $\beta$\\  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
843  | 
\\  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
844  | 
\end{tabular}} 
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
845  | 
& {\Large$\Rightarrow$} &
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
846  | 
\bl{\begin{tabular}{lcl}
 | 
| 597 | 847  | 
$\meta{N}$ & $::=$ & $\beta \cdot \meta{N}'$\\
 | 
848  | 
$\meta{N}'$ & $::=$ & $\alpha \cdot \meta{N}'$\\
 | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
849  | 
& $\;|\;$ & $\epsilon$  | 
| 50 | 850  | 
\end{tabular}}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
851  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
| 50 | 852  | 
\end{center}\pause
 | 
853  | 
||
| 597 | 854  | 
Which means in this case:  | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
855  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
856  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
857  | 
\bl{\begin{tabular}{lcl}
 | 
| 597 | 858  | 
$\meta{N}$ & $\rightarrow$ & $0 \cdot \meta{N}' \;|\; 1 \cdot \meta{N}'$\\
 | 
859  | 
$\meta{N}'$ & $\rightarrow$ & $\meta{N} \cdot \meta{N}' \;|\; \epsilon$\\
 | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
860  | 
\end{tabular}}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
861  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
862  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
863  | 
|
| 597 | 864  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
865  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
866  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
867  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 685 | 868  | 
%\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
869  | 
%\frametitle{Operator Precedences}
 | 
|
870  | 
%  | 
|
871  | 
%  | 
|
872  | 
%To disambiguate  | 
|
873  | 
%  | 
|
874  | 
%\begin{center}
 | 
|
875  | 
%\bl{\begin{tabular}{lcl}
 | 
|
876  | 
%$\meta{E}$ & $::=$ &  $\meta{E} \cdot + \cdot \meta{E} \;|\;\meta{E} \cdot * \cdot \meta{E} \;|\;( \cdot \meta{E} \cdot ) \;|\;\meta{N}$ \\
 | 
|
877  | 
%\end{tabular}}
 | 
|
878  | 
%\end{center}
 | 
|
879  | 
%  | 
|
880  | 
%Decide on how many precedence levels, say\medskip\\  | 
|
881  | 
%highest for \bl{$()$}, medium for \bl{*}, lowest for \bl{+}
 | 
|
882  | 
%  | 
|
883  | 
%\begin{center}
 | 
|
884  | 
%\bl{\begin{tabular}{lcl}
 | 
|
885  | 
%$\meta{E}_{low}$ & $::=$ & $\meta{E}_{med} \cdot + \cdot \meta{E}_{low} \;|\; \meta{E}_{med}$ \\
 | 
|
886  | 
%$\meta{E}_{med}$ & $::=$ & $\meta{E}_{hi} \cdot * \cdot \meta{E}_{med} \;|\; \meta{E}_{hi}$\\
 | 
|
887  | 
%$\meta{E}_{hi}$ & $::=$ &  $( \cdot \meta{E}_{low} \cdot ) \;|\;\meta{N}$ \\
 | 
|
888  | 
%\end{tabular}}
 | 
|
889  | 
%\end{center}\pause
 | 
|
890  | 
%  | 
|
891  | 
%\small What happens with \bl{$1 + 3  + 4$}?
 | 
|
892  | 
%\end{frame}
 | 
|
| 
366
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
893  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
894  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
895  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
896  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 597 | 897  | 
\frametitle{Chomsky Normal Form}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
898  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
899  | 
All rules must be of the form  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
900  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
901  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 597 | 902  | 
\bl{$\meta{A} ::= a$}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
903  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
904  | 
|
| 50 | 905  | 
or  | 
906  | 
||
907  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
|
| 597 | 908  | 
\bl{$\meta{A} ::= \meta{B}\cdot \meta{C}$}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
909  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 49 | 910  | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
911  | 
No rule can contain \bl{$\epsilon$}.
 | 
| 49 | 912  | 
|
| 597 | 913  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 49 | 914  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
915  | 
||
| 
169
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
916  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
917  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
918  | 
\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}$\epsilon$-Removal\end{tabular}}
 | 
| 
169
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
919  | 
|
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
920  | 
\begin{enumerate}
 | 
| 597 | 921  | 
\item If \bl{$A::= \alpha \cdot B \cdot \beta$} and \bl{$B ::= \epsilon$} are in the grammar,
 | 
922  | 
then add \bl{$A::= \alpha \cdot \beta$} (iterate if necessary).
 | 
|
923  | 
\item Throw out all \bl{$B ::= \epsilon$}.
 | 
|
| 
169
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
924  | 
\end{enumerate}
 | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
925  | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
926  | 
\small  | 
| 
169
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
927  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
928  | 
\begin{tabular}{ccc}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
929  | 
\bl{\begin{tabular}{l@{\hspace{1mm}}c@{\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | 
| 597 | 930  | 
$N$ & $::=$ & $0 \cdot N' \;|\; 1\cdot N'$\\  | 
931  | 
$N'$ & $::=$ & $N \cdot N'\;|\;\epsilon$\\  | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
932  | 
\\  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
933  | 
\\  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
934  | 
\\  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
935  | 
\\  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
936  | 
\\  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
937  | 
\end{tabular}} &
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
938  | 
\bl{\begin{tabular}{l@{\hspace{1mm}}c@{\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
939  | 
\\  | 
| 597 | 940  | 
$N$ & $::=$ & $0 \cdot N' \;|\; 1\cdot N'\;|\;0\;|\;1$\\  | 
941  | 
$N'$ & $::=$ & $N \cdot N'\;|\;N\;|\;\epsilon$\\  | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
942  | 
\\  | 
| 597 | 943  | 
$N$ & $::=$ & $0 \cdot N' \;|\; 1\cdot N'\;|\;0\;|\;1$\\  | 
944  | 
$N'$ & $::=$ & $N \cdot N'\;|\;N$\\  | 
|
| 
169
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
945  | 
\end{tabular}}
 | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
946  | 
\end{tabular}
 | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
947  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
948  | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
949  | 
\pause\normalsize  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
950  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
951  | 
\bl{\begin{tabular}{l@{\hspace{1mm}}c@{\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | 
| 597 | 952  | 
$N$ & $::=$ & $0 \cdot N\;|\; 1\cdot N\;|\;0\;|\;1$\\  | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
953  | 
\end{tabular}}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
954  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
955  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
368
 
a9911966c0df
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
366 
diff
changeset
 | 
956  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
169
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
957  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
958  | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
959  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
960  | 
|
| 
169
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
961  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
962  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 597 | 963  | 
\frametitle{CYK Algorithm}
 | 
| 
169
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
964  | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
965  | 
If grammar is in Chomsky normalform \ldots  | 
| 
169
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
966  | 
|
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
967  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
968  | 
\bl{\begin{tabular}{@ {}lcl@ {}}
 | 
| 597 | 969  | 
$\meta{S}$ & $::=$ &  $\meta{N}\cdot \meta{P}$ \\
 | 
970  | 
$\meta{P}$ & $::=$ &  $\meta{V}\cdot \meta{N}$ \\
 | 
|
971  | 
$\meta{N}$ & $::=$ &  $\meta{N}\cdot \meta{N}$ \\
 | 
|
972  | 
$\meta{N}$ & $::=$ &  $\texttt{students} \;|\; \texttt{Jeff} \;|\; \texttt{geometry} \;|\; \texttt{trains} $ \\
 | 
|
973  | 
$\meta{V}$ & $::=$ &  $\texttt{trains}$ 
 | 
|
| 49 | 974  | 
\end{tabular}}
 | 
975  | 
\end{center}
 | 
|
976  | 
||
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
977  | 
\bl{\texttt{Jeff trains geometry students}}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
978  | 
|
| 597 | 979  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
980  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 597 | 981  | 
|
982  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
983  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 597 | 984  | 
\frametitle{CYK Algorithm}
 | 
| 49 | 985  | 
|
986  | 
||
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
987  | 
\begin{itemize}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
988  | 
\item fastest possible algorithm for recognition problem  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
989  | 
\item runtime is \bl{$O(n^3)$}\bigskip
 | 
| 597 | 990  | 
\item grammars need to be transformed into CNF  | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
991  | 
\end{itemize}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
992  | 
|
| 597 | 993  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
994  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
169
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
995  | 
|
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
996  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
366
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
997  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
998  | 
\frametitle{The Goal of this Course}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
999  | 
\mbox{}\\[-26mm]\mbox{}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1000  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1001  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1002  | 
  \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1,
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1003  | 
                      node/.style={
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1004  | 
rectangle,rounded corners=3mm,  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1005  | 
very thick,draw=black!50,  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1006  | 
minimum height=18mm, minimum width=20mm,  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1007  | 
top color=white,bottom color=black!20}]  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1008  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1009  | 
  \node at (3.05, 1.8) {\Large\bf Write a Compiler};
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1010  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1011  | 
  \node (0) at (-2.3,0) {}; 
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1012  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1013  | 
  \node (A) at (0,0)  [node] {};
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1014  | 
  \node [below right] at (A.north west) {lexer};
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1015  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1016  | 
  \node (B) at (3,0)  [node] {};
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1017  | 
\node [below right=1mm] at (B.north west)  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1018  | 
    {\mbox{}\hspace{-1mm}parser};
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1019  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1020  | 
  \node (C) at (6,0)  [node] {};
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1021  | 
\node [below right] at (C.north west)  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1022  | 
    {\mbox{}\hspace{-1mm}code gen};
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1023  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1024  | 
  \node (1) at (8.4,0) {}; 
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1025  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1026  | 
\draw [->,line width=4mm] (0) -- (A);  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1027  | 
\draw [->,line width=4mm] (A) -- (B);  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1028  | 
\draw [->,line width=4mm] (B) -- (C);  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1029  | 
\draw [->,line width=4mm] (C) -- (1);  | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1030  | 
  \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1031  | 
  \end{center}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1032  | 
|
| 598 | 1033  | 
We have a lexer and a parser\ldots  | 
| 
366
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1034  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1035  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1036  | 
|
| 
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1037  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
169
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1038  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1039  | 
|
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1040  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1041  | 
\bl{\begin{tabular}{@{}lcl@{}}
 | 
| 598 | 1042  | 
\meta{Stmt} & $::=$ &  $\texttt{skip}$\\
 | 
1043  | 
              & $|$ & \textit{Id}\;\texttt{:=}\;\meta{AExp}\\
 | 
|
1044  | 
              & $|$ & \texttt{if}\; \meta{BExp} \;\texttt{then}\; \meta{Block} \;\texttt{else}\; \meta{Block}\\
 | 
|
1045  | 
              & $|$ & \texttt{while}\; \meta{BExp} \;\texttt{do}\; \meta{Block}\\
 | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1046  | 
              & $|$ & \texttt{read}\;\textit{Id}\\
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1047  | 
              & $|$ & \texttt{write}\;\textit{Id}\\
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1048  | 
              & $|$ & \texttt{write}\;\textit{String}\medskip\\
 | 
| 598 | 1049  | 
\meta{Stmts} & $::=$ &  \meta{Stmt} \;\texttt{;}\; \meta{Stmts}\\
 | 
1050  | 
              & $|$ & \meta{Stmt}\medskip\\
 | 
|
1051  | 
\meta{Block} & $::=$ &  \texttt{\{}\,\meta{Stmts}\,\texttt{\}}\\
 | 
|
1052  | 
                & $|$ & \meta{Stmt}\medskip\\
 | 
|
1053  | 
\meta{AExp} & $::=$ & \ldots\\
 | 
|
1054  | 
\meta{BExp} & $::=$ & \ldots\\
 | 
|
| 50 | 1055  | 
\end{tabular}}
 | 
1056  | 
\end{center}
 | 
|
| 
366
 
5a83336a9690
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
365 
diff
changeset
 | 
1057  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
169
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1058  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1059  | 
|
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1060  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1061  | 
\mode<presentation>{
 | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1062  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1063  | 
|
| 744 | 1064  | 
??%%\mbox{\lstinputlisting[language=while]{../progs/fib.while}}
 | 
| 
169
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1065  | 
|
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1066  | 
\end{frame}}
 | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1067  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1068  | 
|
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1069  | 
|
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1070  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1071  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 598 | 1072  | 
\frametitle{An Interpreter}
 | 
| 
169
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1073  | 
|
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1074  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1075  | 
\bl{\begin{tabular}{l}
 | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1076  | 
$\{$\\
 | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1077  | 
\;\;$x := 5 \text{;}$\\
 | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1078  | 
\;\;$y := x * 3\text{;}$\\
 | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1079  | 
\;\;$y := x * 4\text{;}$\\
 | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1080  | 
\;\;$x := u * 3$\\  | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1081  | 
$\}$  | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1082  | 
\end{tabular}}
 | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1083  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1084  | 
|
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1085  | 
\begin{itemize}
 | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1086  | 
\item the interpreter has to record the value of \bl{$x$} before assigning a value to \bl{$y$}\pause
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1087  | 
\item \bl{\text{eval}(stmt, env)}
 | 
| 
169
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1088  | 
\end{itemize}
 | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1089  | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1090  | 
|
| 598 | 1091  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1092  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1093  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1094  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1095  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 598 | 1096  | 
\frametitle{An Interpreter}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1097  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1098  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1099  | 
\bl{\begin{tabular}{@{}lcl@{}}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1100  | 
$\text{eval}(n, E)$ & $\dn$ & $n$\\
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1101  | 
$\text{eval}(x, E)$ & $\dn$ & $E(x)$ \;\;\;\textcolor{black}{lookup \bl{$x$} in \bl{$E$}}\\
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1102  | 
$\text{eval}(a_1 + a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) + \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\\
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1103  | 
$\text{eval}(a_1 - a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) - \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\\
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1104  | 
$\text{eval}(a_1 * a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) * \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\bigskip\\
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1105  | 
$\text{eval}(a_1 = a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) = \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\\
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1106  | 
$\text{eval}(a_1\,!\!= a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\neg(\text{eval}(a_1, E) = \text{eval}(a_2, E))$\\
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1107  | 
$\text{eval}(a_1 < a_2, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\text{eval}(a_1, E) < \text{eval}(a_2, E)$\
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1108  | 
\end{tabular}}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1109  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1110  | 
|
| 598 | 1111  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1112  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 598 | 1113  | 
|
1114  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
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parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1115  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 598 | 1116  | 
\frametitle{An Interpreter (2)}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1117  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1118  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
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parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1119  | 
\bl{\begin{tabular}{@{}lcl@{}}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1120  | 
$\text{eval}(\text{skip}, E)$ & $\dn$ & $E$\\
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1121  | 
$\text{eval}(x:=a, E)$ & $\dn$ & \bl{$E(x \mapsto \text{eval}(a, E))$}\\
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
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parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1122  | 
\multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{$\text{eval}(\text{if}\;b\;\text{then}\;cs_1\;\text{else}\;cs_2 , E) \dn$}\\
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
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Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1123  | 
\multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\text{if}\;\text{eval}(b,E)\;\text{then}\;
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1124  | 
\text{eval}(cs_1,E)$}\\
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1125  | 
\multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\phantom{\text{if}\;\text{eval}(b,E)\;}\text{else}\;\text{eval}(cs_2,E)$}\\
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
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parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1126  | 
\multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{$\text{eval}(\text{while}\;b\;\text{do}\;cs, E) \dn$}\\
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1127  | 
\multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\text{if}\;\text{eval}(b,E)$}\\
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1128  | 
\multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\text{then}\;
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1129  | 
\text{eval}(\text{while}\;b\;\text{do}\;cs, \text{eval}(cs,E))$}\\
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1130  | 
\multicolumn{3}{@{}l@{}}{\hspace{2cm}$\text{else}\; E$}\\
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1131  | 
$\text{eval}(\text{write}\; x, E)$ & $\dn$ & $\{\;\text{println}(E(x))\; ;\;E\;\}$\\
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1132  | 
\end{tabular}}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1133  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1134  | 
|
| 598 | 1135  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
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parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1136  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1137  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1138  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1139  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1140  | 
\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Test Program\end{tabular}}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1141  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1142  | 
\mbox{}\\[-18mm]\mbox{}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1143  | 
|
| 744 | 1144  | 
??  | 
1145  | 
%{\lstset{language=While}%%\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont
 | 
|
1146  | 
%\texttt{\lstinputlisting{../progs/loops.while}}}
 | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1147  | 
|
| 
295
 
19f23c4c2167
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
215 
diff
changeset
 | 
1148  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
169
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1149  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
57df3d7b4a25
added slides
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
168 
diff
changeset
 | 
1150  | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1151  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1152  | 
\mode<presentation>{
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1153  | 
\begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1154  | 
\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Interpreted Code\end{tabular}}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1155  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1156  | 
\begin{center}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1157  | 
\begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1158  | 
\begin{axis}[axis x line=bottom, axis y line=left, xlabel=n, ylabel=secs, legend style=small]
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1159  | 
\addplot+[smooth] file {interpreted.data};
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1160  | 
\end{axis}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1161  | 
\end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1162  | 
\end{center}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1163  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1164  | 
\end{frame}}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1165  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1166  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1167  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1168  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 685 | 1169  | 
\frametitle{Java Virtual Machine}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1170  | 
|
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1171  | 
\begin{itemize}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1172  | 
\item introduced in 1995  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1173  | 
\item is a stack-based VM (like Postscript, CLR of .Net)  | 
| 685 | 1174  | 
\item contains a JIT compiler\\  | 
1175  | 
\begin{itemize}
 | 
|
1176  | 
\item From the Cradle to the Holy Graal - the JDK Story  | 
|
1177  | 
\item \url{https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h419kfbLhUI}
 | 
|
1178  | 
\end{itemize}
 | 
|
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1179  | 
\item is garbage collected $\Rightarrow$ no buffer overflows  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1180  | 
\item some languages compile to the JVM: Scala, Clojure\ldots  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1181  | 
\end{itemize}
 | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1182  | 
|
| 685 | 1183  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
| 
365
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1184  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 
 
9b71dead1219
updated
 
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> 
parents: 
295 
diff
changeset
 | 
1185  | 
|
| 685 | 1186  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
1187  | 
\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
1188  | 
\frametitle{LLVM}
 | 
|
1189  | 
||
1190  | 
\begin{itemize}
 | 
|
1191  | 
\item LLVM started by academics in 2000 (University of Illinois in  | 
|
1192  | 
Urbana-Champaign)  | 
|
1193  | 
\item suite of compiler tools  | 
|
1194  | 
\item SSA-based intermediate language  | 
|
1195  | 
\item no need to allocate registers  | 
|
| 686 | 1196  | 
\item source languages: C, C++, Rust, Go, Swift  | 
1197  | 
\item target CPUs: x86, ARM, PowerPC, \ldots  | 
|
| 685 | 1198  | 
\end{itemize}  
 | 
1199  | 
\end{frame}
 | 
|
1200  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
| 702 | 1201  | 
|
| 598 | 1202  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
| 666 | 1203  | 
%\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
1204  | 
%  \frametitle{Coursework: MkEps}
 | 
|
1205  | 
%  | 
|
1206  | 
%\begin{center}
 | 
|
1207  | 
%\begin{tabular}{@ {}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@ {}}
 | 
|
1208  | 
%  \bl{$mkeps([c_1 c_2 \ldots c_n])$}  & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{undefined}$\\
 | 
|
1209  | 
%  \bl{$mkeps(r^*)$}                   & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{Stars\,[]}$\\
 | 
|
1210  | 
%  \bl{$mkeps(r^{\{n\}})$}              & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{Stars\,(mkeps(r))^n}$\\
 | 
|
1211  | 
%  \bl{$mkeps(r^{\{n..\}})$}            & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{Stars\,(mkeps(r))^n}$\\
 | 
|
1212  | 
%  \bl{$mkeps(r^{\{..n\}})$}            & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{Stars\,[]}$\\
 | 
|
1213  | 
%  \bl{$mkeps(r^{\{n..m\}})$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{Stars\,(mkeps(r))^n}$\medskip\\
 | 
|
1214  | 
%  | 
|
1215  | 
%  \bl{$mkeps(r^+)$}                   & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$mkeps(r^{\{1..\}})$}\\
 | 
|
1216  | 
%  \bl{$mkeps(r^?)$}                   & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$mkeps(r^{\{..1\}})$}\\
 | 
|
1217  | 
%\end{tabular}
 | 
|
1218  | 
%\end{center}
 | 
|
1219  | 
%  | 
|
1220  | 
%\end{frame}
 | 
|
1221  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
1222  | 
%  | 
|
1223  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
1224  | 
%\begin{frame}[c]
 | 
|
1225  | 
%  \frametitle{Coursework: Inj}
 | 
|
1226  | 
%  | 
|
1227  | 
%\begin{center}
 | 
|
1228  | 
%\begin{tabular}{@ {}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@ {}}
 | 
|
1229  | 
%  \bl{$inj([c_1 c_2 \ldots c_n])\,c\,Empty$}  & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{Chr\,c}$\\
 | 
|
1230  | 
%  \bl{$inj(r^*)\,c\;(Seq\,v\,(Stars\,vs))$}                   & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{Stars\,(inj\,r\,c\,v::vs)}$\\
 | 
|
1231  | 
%  \bl{$inj(r^{\{n\}})\,c\;(Seq\,v\,(Stars\,vs))$}              & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{Stars\,(inj\,r\,c\,v::vs)}$\\
 | 
|
1232  | 
%  \bl{$inj(r^{\{n..\}})\,c\;(Seq\,v\,(Stars\,vs))$}            & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{Stars\,(inj\,r\,c\,v::vs)}$\\
 | 
|
1233  | 
%  \bl{$inj(r^{\{..n\}})\,c\;(Seq\,v\,(Stars\,vs))$}            & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{Stars\,(inj\,r\,c\,v::vs)}$\\
 | 
|
1234  | 
%  \bl{$inj(r^{\{n..m\}})\,c\;(Seq\,v\,(Stars\,vs))$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & $\bl{Stars\,(inj\,r\,c\,v::vs)}$\medskip\\
 | 
|
1235  | 
%  | 
|
1236  | 
%  \bl{$inj(r^+)\,c\,v$}                   & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$inj(r^{\{1..\}})\,c\,v$}\\
 | 
|
1237  | 
%  \bl{$inj(r^?)\,c\,v$}                   & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$inj(r^{\{..1\}})\,c\,v$}\\
 | 
|
1238  | 
%\end{tabular}
 | 
|
1239  | 
%\end{center}
 | 
|
1240  | 
%  | 
|
1241  | 
%\end{frame}
 | 
|
1242  | 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  | 
|
| 702 | 1243  | 
%  | 
| 598 | 1244  | 
|
| 49 | 1245  | 
\end{document}
 | 
1246  | 
||
1247  | 
%%% Local Variables:  | 
|
1248  | 
%%% mode: latex  | 
|
1249  | 
%%% TeX-master: t  | 
|
1250  | 
%%% End:  | 
|
1251  |