| author | Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de> | 
| Sun, 05 Aug 2018 21:37:35 +0100 | |
| changeset 553 | a05c412b1550 | 
| parent 517 | 2ba868eb95cc | 
| child 572 | 96af3fbdcd8d | 
| permissions | -rw-r--r-- | 
| 25 | 1 | \documentclass[dvipsnames,14pt,t]{beamer}
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changeset | 2 | \usepackage{../slides}
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changeset | 3 | \usepackage{../graphics}
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changeset | 4 | \usepackage{../langs}
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changeset | 5 | \usepackage{../data}
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| 25 | 6 | |
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changeset | 7 | \hfuzz=220pt | 
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changeset | 9 | \pgfplotsset{compat=1.11}
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changeset | 11 | \newcommand{\bl}[1]{\textcolor{blue}{#1}}  
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| 25 | 12 | |
| 13 | % beamer stuff | |
| 445 | 14 | \renewcommand{\slidecaption}{CFL 03, King's College London}
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| 25 | 15 | |
| 16 | \begin{document}
 | |
| 17 | ||
| 18 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
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changeset | 19 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 25 | 20 | \frametitle{%
 | 
| 21 |   \begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}
 | |
| 22 | \\[-3mm] | |
| 445 | 23 | \LARGE Compilers and \\[-2mm] | 
| 25 | 24 | \LARGE Formal Languages (3)\\[3mm] | 
| 25 |   \end{tabular}}
 | |
| 26 | ||
| 27 | \normalsize | |
| 28 |   \begin{center}
 | |
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changeset | 29 |   \begin{tabular}{lp{8cm}}
 | 
| 25 | 30 | Email: & christian.urban at kcl.ac.uk\\ | 
| 500 | 31 | Office: & N7.07 (North Wing, Bush House)\\ | 
| 515 | 32 | Slides: & KEATS (also homework and coursework is there)\\ | 
| 25 | 33 |   \end{tabular}
 | 
| 34 |   \end{center}
 | |
| 35 | ||
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changeset | 36 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 445 | 37 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 38 | ||
| 39 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 40 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 41 | \frametitle{Scala Book, Exams}
 | |
| 42 | ||
| 43 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 515 | 44 | \item \small https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/ProgInScala2ed.pdf\normalsize | 
| 45 | \item homeworks (written exam 80\%) | |
| 46 | \item coursework (20\%)\bigskip | |
| 47 | \item short survey at KEATS; to be answered until Sunday | |
| 445 | 48 | \end{itemize}
 | 
| 49 | ||
| 50 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 51 | %%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 25 | 52 | |
| 53 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 54 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
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changeset | 55 | \frametitle{Regular Expressions}
 | 
| 25 | 56 | |
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changeset | 57 | In programming languages they are often used to recognise:\medskip | 
| 25 | 58 | |
| 59 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
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changeset | 60 | \item symbols, digits | 
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changeset | 61 | \item identifiers | 
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changeset | 62 | \item numbers (non-leading zeros) | 
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changeset | 63 | \item keywords | 
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changeset | 64 | \item comments | 
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changeset | 65 | \end{itemize}\bigskip
 | 
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changeset | 66 | |
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changeset | 67 | \mbox{}\hfill\bl{\url{http://www.regexper.com}}
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changeset | 68 | \end{frame}
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changeset | 69 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 70 | |
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changeset | 71 | |
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changeset | 72 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 73 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
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changeset | 74 | \frametitle{Last Week}
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changeset | 75 | |
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changeset | 76 | Last week I showed you a regular expression matcher | 
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changeset | 77 | that works provably correct in all cases (we only | 
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changeset | 78 | started with the proving part though) | 
| 25 | 79 | |
| 80 | \begin{center}
 | |
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changeset | 81 | \bl{$matches\,s\,r$} \;\;if and only if \;\; \bl{$s \in L(r)$}
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changeset | 82 | \end{center}\bigskip\bigskip 
 | 
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changeset | 83 | |
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changeset | 84 | \small | 
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changeset | 85 | \textcolor{gray}{\mbox{}\hfill{}by Janusz Brzozowski (1964)}
 | 
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changeset | 86 | |
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changeset | 87 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 25 | 88 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 89 | ||
| 90 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 91 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
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changeset | 92 | \frametitle{The Derivative of a Rexp}
 | 
| 25 | 93 | |
| 94 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 95 | \begin{tabular}{@ {}l@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l@ {\hspace{-10mm}}l@ {}}
 | |
| 445 | 96 |   \bl{$der\, c\, (\ZERO)$}      & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\ZERO$} & \\
 | 
| 97 |   \bl{$der\, c\, (\ONE)$}           & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\ZERO$} & \\
 | |
| 98 |   \bl{$der\, c\, (d)$}                     & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{if $c = d$ then $\ONE$ else $\ZERO$} & \\
 | |
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changeset | 99 |   \bl{$der\, c\, (r_1 + r_2)$}        & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$der\, c\, r_1 + der\, c\, r_2$} & \\
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changeset | 100 |   \bl{$der\, c\, (r_1 \cdot r_2)$}  & \bl{$\dn$}  & \bl{if $nullable (r_1)$}\\
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changeset | 101 |   & & \bl{then $(der\,c\,r_1) \cdot r_2 + der\, c\, r_2$}\\ 
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changeset | 102 |   & & \bl{else $(der\, c\, r_1) \cdot r_2$}\\
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changeset | 103 |   \bl{$der\, c\, (r^*)$}          & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$(der\,c\,r) \cdot (r^*)$} &\medskip\\
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changeset | 104 | |
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changeset | 105 |   \bl{$\textit{ders}\, []\, r$}     & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$r$} & \\
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changeset | 106 |   \bl{$\textit{ders}\, (c\!::\!s)\, r$} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\textit{ders}\,s\,(der\,c\,r)$} & \\
 | 
| 25 | 107 |   \end{tabular}
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| 108 | \end{center}
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| 109 | ||
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changeset | 110 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 25 | 111 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 112 | ||
| 113 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 114 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 515 | 115 | \frametitle{Example}
 | 
| 116 | ||
| 117 | Given \bl{$r \dn ((a \cdot b) + b)^*$} what is
 | |
| 118 | ||
| 119 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 120 | \def\arraystretch{1.5}  
 | |
| 121 | \begin{tabular}{@{}lcl}
 | |
| 122 |   \bl{$\der\,a\,((a \cdot b) + b)^*$}
 | |
| 123 |     & \bl{$\Rightarrow$}& \bl{$\der\,a\, \underline{((a \cdot b) + b)^*}$}\\
 | |
| 124 |     & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(der\,a\,(\underline{(a \cdot b) + b})) \cdot r$}\\
 | |
| 125 |     & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$((der\,a\,(\underline{a \cdot b})) + (der\,a\,b)) \cdot r$}\\
 | |
| 126 |     & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(((der\,a\,\underline{a}) \cdot b) + (der\,a\,b)) \cdot r$}\\
 | |
| 127 |     & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$((\ONE \cdot b) + (der\,a\,\underline{b})) \cdot r$}\\
 | |
| 128 |     & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$((\ONE \cdot b) + \ZERO) \cdot r$}\\
 | |
| 129 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 130 | \end{center}
 | |
| 131 | ||
| 132 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 133 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 134 | ||
| 135 | ||
| 136 | ||
| 137 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 138 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 25 | 139 | |
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changeset | 140 | Input: string \bl{$abc$} and regular expression \bl{$r$} 
 | 
| 25 | 141 | |
| 142 | \begin{enumerate}
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changeset | 143 | \item \bl{$der\,a\,r$}
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changeset | 144 | \item \bl{$der\,b\,(der\,a\,r)$}
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changeset | 145 | \item \bl{$der\,c\,(der\,b\,(der\,a\,r))$}\bigskip\pause
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changeset | 146 | \item finally check whether the last regular expression can match the empty string | 
| 25 | 147 | \end{enumerate}
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| 148 | ||
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changeset | 149 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 515 | 150 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 151 | ||
| 152 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 153 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 154 | \frametitle{Simplification}
 | |
| 155 | ||
| 156 | Given \bl{$r \dn ((a \cdot b) + b)^*$} what is
 | |
| 157 | ||
| 158 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 159 | \def\arraystretch{2}  
 | |
| 160 | \begin{tabular}{@{}lcl}
 | |
| 161 |   \bl{$((\ONE \cdot b) + \ZERO) \cdot r$}
 | |
| 162 |     & \bl{$\Rightarrow$} & \bl{$((\underline{\ONE \cdot b}) + \ZERO) \cdot r$}\\
 | |
| 163 |     & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$(\underline{b + \ZERO}) \cdot r$}\\
 | |
| 164 |     & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$b \cdot r$}\\
 | |
| 165 | \end{tabular}
 | |
| 166 | \end{center}
 | |
| 167 | ||
| 168 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 25 | 169 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 170 | ||
| 515 | 171 | |
| 172 | ||
| 25 | 173 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 174 | \begin{frame}[c]
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| 175 | ||
| 515 | 176 | We proved partially | 
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changeset | 177 | |
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changeset | 178 | \begin{center}
 | 
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changeset | 179 | \bl{$nullable(r)$} \;if and only if\;  \bl{$[] \in L(r)$}
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changeset | 180 | \end{center}
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changeset | 181 | |
| 445 | 182 | by induction on the regular expression \bl{$r$}.\bigskip\pause
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changeset | 184 | \begin{center}
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changeset | 185 | {\huge\bf\alert{Any Questions?}}
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changeset | 186 | \end{center}
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changeset | 187 | |
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changeset | 188 | \end{frame}
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changeset | 189 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 190 | |
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changeset | 191 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 192 | \begin{frame}[c]
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changeset | 193 | |
| 25 | 194 | We need to prove | 
| 195 | ||
| 196 | \begin{center}
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changeset | 197 | \bl{$L(der\,c\,r) = Der\,c\,(L(r))$}
 | 
| 25 | 198 | \end{center}
 | 
| 199 | ||
| 445 | 200 | also by induction on the regular expression \bl{$r$}.
 | 
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changeset | 201 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 25 | 202 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 203 | ||
| 204 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 205 | \begin{frame}[c]
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changeset | 206 | \frametitle{Proofs about Rexps}
 | 
| 25 | 207 | |
| 208 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 445 | 209 | \item \bl{$P$} holds for \bl{$\ZERO$}, \bl{$\ONE$} and \bl{c}\bigskip
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changeset | 210 | \item \bl{$P$} holds for \bl{$r_1 + r_2$} under the assumption that \bl{$P$} already
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changeset | 211 | holds for \bl{$r_1$} and \bl{$r_2$}.\bigskip
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changeset | 212 | \item \bl{$P$} holds for \bl{$r_1 \cdot r_2$} under the assumption that \bl{$P$} already
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changeset | 213 | holds for \bl{$r_1$} and \bl{$r_2$}.\bigskip
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changeset | 214 | \item \bl{$P$} holds for \bl{$r^*$} under the assumption that \bl{$P$} already
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changeset | 215 | holds for \bl{$r$}.
 | 
| 25 | 216 | \end{itemize}
 | 
| 217 | ||
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changeset | 218 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 25 | 219 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 220 | ||
| 221 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 222 | \begin{frame}[c]
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changeset | 223 | \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Proofs about Natural\\[-1mm] Numbers and Strings\end{tabular}}
 | 
| 25 | 224 | |
| 225 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 226 | \item \bl{$P$} holds for \bl{$0$} and
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| 227 | \item \bl{$P$} holds for \bl{$n + 1$} under the assumption that \bl{$P$} already
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| 228 | holds for \bl{$n$}
 | |
| 229 | \end{itemize}\bigskip
 | |
| 230 | ||
| 231 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
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changeset | 232 | \item \bl{$P$} holds for \bl{$[]$} and
 | 
| 25 | 233 | \item \bl{$P$} holds for \bl{$c\!::\!s$} under the assumption that \bl{$P$} already
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| 234 | holds for \bl{$s$}
 | |
| 235 | \end{itemize}
 | |
| 236 | ||
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changeset | 237 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 25 | 238 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 239 | ||
| 240 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 241 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | |
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changeset | 242 | \frametitle{Regular Expressions}
 | 
| 25 | 243 | |
| 244 | \begin{center}
 | |
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changeset | 245 |    \begin{tabular}{@ {}rrl@ {\hspace{13mm}}l}
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| 515 | 246 |   \bl{$r$} & \bl{$::=$}  & \bl{$\ZERO$}  & nothing\\
 | 
| 445 | 247 |          & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$\ONE$}        & empty string / "" / $[]$\\
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changeset | 248 |          & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$c$}                         & character\\
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changeset | 249 |          & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r_1 \cdot r_2$} & sequence\\
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changeset | 250 |          & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r_1 + r_2$}  & alternative / choice\\
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changeset | 251 |          & \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r^*$}                   & star (zero or more)\\
 | 
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changeset | 252 |   \end{tabular}
 | 
| 25 | 253 |   \end{center}
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changeset | 254 | |
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changeset | 255 | How about ranges \bl{$[a\mbox{-}z]$}, \bl{$r^+$} and \bl{$\sim{}r$}? Do they increase the
 | 
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changeset | 256 | set of languages we can recognise? | 
| 25 | 257 | |
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changeset | 258 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 25 | 259 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 260 | ||
| 261 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 262 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
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changeset | 263 | \frametitle{Negation of Regular Expr's}
 | 
| 25 | 264 | |
| 265 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
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changeset | 266 | \item \bl{$\sim{}r$}  \hspace{6mm} (everything that \bl{$r$} cannot recognise)\medskip
 | 
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changeset | 267 | \item \bl{$L(\sim{}r) \dn UNIV - L(r)$}\medskip
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changeset | 268 | \item \bl{$nullable (\sim{}r) \dn not\, (nullable(r))$}\medskip
 | 
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changeset | 269 | \item \bl{$der\,c\,(\sim{}r) \dn \;\sim{}(der\,c\,r)$}
 | 
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changeset | 270 | \end{itemize}\bigskip\pause
 | 
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changeset | 271 | |
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changeset | 272 | Used often for recognising comments: | 
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changeset | 273 | |
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changeset | 274 | \[ | 
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changeset | 275 | \bl{/ \cdot * \cdot (\sim{}([a\mbox{-}z]^* \cdot * \cdot / \cdot [a\mbox{-}z]^*)) \cdot * \cdot /}
 | 
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changeset | 276 | \] | 
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changeset | 277 | |
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changeset | 278 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 25 | 279 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 280 | ||
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changeset | 281 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 282 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
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changeset | 283 | \frametitle{Negation}
 | 
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changeset | 284 | |
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changeset | 285 | Assume you have an alphabet consisting of the letters \bl{$a$}, \bl{$b$} and \bl{$c$} only.
 | 
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changeset | 286 | Find a (basic!) regular expression that matches all strings \emph{\alert{except}} 
 | 
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changeset | 287 | \bl{$ab$} and \bl{$ac$}!
 | 
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changeset | 288 | |
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changeset | 289 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 290 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 291 | |
| 25 | 292 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 293 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
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changeset | 294 | \frametitle{Automata}
 | 
| 25 | 295 | |
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changeset | 296 | A \alert{\bf deterministic finite automaton}, DFA, consists of:
 | 
| 25 | 297 | |
| 298 | \begin{itemize}
 | |
| 515 | 299 | \item an alphabet \bl{$\varSigma$}  
 | 
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changeset | 300 | \item a set of states \bl{$Q$}
 | 
| 515 | 301 | \item one of these states is the start state \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$}
 | 
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changeset | 302 | \item some states are accepting states \bl{$F$}, and
 | 
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changeset | 303 | \item there is transition function \bl{$\delta$}\bigskip 
 | 
| 25 | 304 | |
| 305 | \small | |
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changeset | 306 | which takes a state as argument and a character and produces a | 
| 515 | 307 | new state; this function might not be everywhere defined $\Rightarrow$ partial function | 
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changeset | 308 | \end{itemize}
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changeset | 309 | |
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changeset | 310 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 515 | 311 | \bl{$A(\varSigma, \mbox{Q}, \mbox{Q}_0, F, \delta)$}
 | 
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changeset | 312 | \end{center}
 | 
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changeset | 313 | |
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changeset | 314 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 315 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 316 | |
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changeset | 317 | |
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changeset | 318 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 319 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
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changeset | 320 | |
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changeset | 321 | \begin{center}
 | 
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changeset | 322 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
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changeset | 323 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 324 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
| 325 | \node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 326 | \node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 327 | \node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 328 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};
 | |
| 329 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 330 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 331 | \path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 332 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 333 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | |
| 334 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 335 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 336 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 337 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);
 | |
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changeset | 338 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 346 
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changeset | 339 | \end{center}
 | 
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changeset | 340 | |
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changeset | 341 | |
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changeset | 342 | \begin{itemize}
 | 
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changeset | 343 | \item the start state can be an accepting state | 
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changeset | 344 | \item it is possible that there is no accepting state | 
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changeset | 345 | \item all states might be accepting (but this does not necessarily mean all strings are accepted) | 
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changeset | 346 | \end{itemize}
 | 
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changeset | 347 | |
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changeset | 348 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 349 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 350 | |
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changeset | 351 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 352 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
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changeset | 353 | |
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changeset | 354 | \begin{center}
 | 
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changeset | 355 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
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changeset | 356 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 357 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
| 358 | \node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 359 | \node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 360 | \node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 361 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};
 | |
| 362 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 363 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 364 | \path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 365 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 366 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | |
| 367 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 368 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 369 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 370 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);
 | |
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changeset | 371 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
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changeset | 372 | \end{center}
 | 
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changeset | 373 | |
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changeset | 374 | for this automaton \bl{$\delta$} is the function\\
 | 
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changeset | 375 | |
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changeset | 376 | \begin{center}
 | 
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changeset | 377 | \begin{tabular}{lll}
 | 
| 515 | 378 |   \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_0, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_4$}
 | 
| 379 |   & \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_4, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_4$}\\
 | |
| 380 |   \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_0, b) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, b) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_2$} &
 | |
| 381 |   \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_4, b) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_4$}\\
 | |
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changeset | 382 | \end{tabular}\ldots
 | 
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changeset | 383 | \end{center}
 | 
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changeset | 384 | |
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changeset | 385 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 386 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 387 | |
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changeset | 388 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 389 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
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changeset | 390 | \frametitle{Accepting a String}
 | 
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changeset | 391 | |
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changeset | 392 | Given | 
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changeset | 393 | |
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changeset | 394 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 515 | 395 | \bl{$A(\varSigma, \mbox{Q}, \mbox{Q}_0, F, \delta)$}
 | 
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changeset | 396 | \end{center}
 | 
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changeset | 397 | |
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changeset | 398 | you can define | 
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changeset | 399 | |
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changeset | 400 | \begin{center}
 | 
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changeset | 401 | \begin{tabular}{l}
 | 
| 515 | 402 | \bl{$\widehat{\delta}(q, []) \dn q$}\\
 | 
| 403 | \bl{$\widehat{\delta}(q, c::s) \dn \widehat{\delta}(\delta(q, c), s)$}\\
 | |
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changeset | 404 | \end{tabular}
 | 
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changeset | 405 | \end{center}\pause
 | 
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changeset | 406 | |
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changeset | 407 | Whether a string \bl{$s$} is accepted by \bl{$A$}?
 | 
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changeset | 408 | |
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changeset | 409 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 517 | 410 | \hspace{5mm}\bl{$\widehat{\delta}(\mbox{Q}_0, s) \in F$}
 | 
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changeset | 411 | \end{center}
 | 
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changeset | 412 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 413 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 414 | |
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changeset | 415 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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changeset | 416 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
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changeset | 417 | \frametitle{Regular Languages}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 418 | |
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changeset | 419 | A \alert{\bf language} is a set of strings.\bigskip
 | 
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changeset | 420 | |
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changeset | 421 | A \alert{\bf regular expression} specifies a language.\bigskip
 | 
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changeset | 422 | |
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changeset | 423 | A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists
 | 
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changeset | 424 | a regular expression that recognises all its strings.\bigskip\bigskip\pause | 
| 
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changeset | 425 | |
| 
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changeset | 426 | not all languages are regular, e.g.~\bl{$a^nb^n$} is not
 | 
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changeset | 427 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 428 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 429 | |
| 
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changeset | 430 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 431 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
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changeset | 432 | \frametitle{Regular Languages (2)}
 | 
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changeset | 433 | |
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changeset | 434 | A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a regular
 | 
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changeset | 435 | expression that recognises all its strings.\bigskip\medskip | 
| 
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changeset | 436 | |
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changeset | 437 | or {\bf equivalently}\bigskip\medskip
 | 
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changeset | 438 | |
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changeset | 439 | A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a
 | 
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changeset | 440 | deterministic finite automaton that recognises all its | 
| 
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changeset | 441 | strings. | 
| 
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changeset | 442 | |
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changeset | 443 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 444 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 445 | |
| 
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changeset | 446 | |
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changeset | 447 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 448 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 348 
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changeset | 449 | \frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}
 | 
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changeset | 450 | Non-Deterministic\\[-1mm] | 
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changeset | 451 |               Finite Automata\end{tabular}}
 | 
| 135 
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changeset | 452 | |
| 515 | 453 | A non-deterministic finite automaton (NFA) consists again of: | 
| 135 
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changeset | 454 | |
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changeset | 455 | \begin{itemize}
 | 
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changeset | 456 | \item a finite set of states | 
| 515 | 457 | \item \underline{some} these states are the start states
 | 
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changeset | 458 | \item some states are accepting states, and | 
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changeset | 459 | \item there is transition \alert{relation}\medskip 
 | 
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changeset | 460 | \end{itemize}
 | 
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changeset | 461 | |
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changeset | 462 | |
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changeset | 463 | \begin{center}
 | 
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changeset | 464 | \begin{tabular}{c}
 | 
| 515 | 465 | \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
 | 
| 466 | \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \mbox{Q}_3$}\\
 | |
| 135 
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changeset | 467 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 515 | 468 | \bl{\ldots}
 | 
| 469 | \hspace{10mm}\pause
 | |
| 470 | \bl{$(\mbox{Q}_1, a) \rightarrow \{\mbox{Q}_2, \mbox{Q}_3\}$}
 | |
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changeset | 471 | \end{center}
 | 
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changeset | 472 | |
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changeset | 473 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 135 
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changeset | 474 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 475 | |
| 
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changeset | 476 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 477 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 515 | 478 | \frametitle{An NFA Example}
 | 
| 479 | ||
| 480 | % A NFA for (ab* + b)*a | |
| 481 | \begin{center}
 | |
| 482 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick, auto,
 | |
| 483 |     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=3pt,
 | |
| 484 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},scale=2] | |
| 485 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | |
| 486 | \node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 487 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 488 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 489 | \path[<-] (Q_0) edge node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 490 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 491 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [bend right] node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 492 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a,b$}} ();
 | |
| 493 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node  [above] {\alert{$a$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 494 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | |
| 495 | \end{center}
 | |
| 496 | ||
| 497 | \end{frame}
 | |
| 498 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 499 | ||
| 500 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | |
| 501 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | |
| 502 | \frametitle{Two Epsilon NFA Examples}
 | |
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changeset | 503 | |
| 346 
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changeset | 504 | \small | 
| 135 
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changeset | 505 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 143 
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changeset | 506 | \begin{tabular}[t]{c@{\hspace{9mm}}c}
 | 
| 136 
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changeset | 507 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
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changeset | 508 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 215 
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143diff
changeset | 509 | \node[state,initial]  (q_0)  {$q_0$};
 | 
| 
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143diff
changeset | 510 | \node[state] (q_1) [above=of q_0] {$q_1$};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 511 | \node[state, accepting] (q_2) [below=of q_0] {$q_2$};
 | 
| 
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143diff
changeset | 512 | \path[->] (q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (q_1);
 | 
| 
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143diff
changeset | 513 | \path[->] (q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (q_2);
 | 
| 
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143diff
changeset | 514 | \path[->] (q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
| 
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143diff
changeset | 515 | \path[->] (q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
| 
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143diff
changeset | 516 | \path[->] (q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
| 143 
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changeset | 517 | \end{tikzpicture} &
 | 
| 
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139diff
changeset | 518 | |
| 
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139diff
changeset | 519 | \raisebox{20mm}{
 | 
| 
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changeset | 520 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
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139diff
changeset | 521 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 
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changeset | 522 | \node[state,initial]  (r_1)  {$r_1$};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 523 | \node[state] (r_2) [above=of r_1] {$r_2$};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 524 | \node[state, accepting] (r_3) [right=of r_1] {$r_3$};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 525 | \path[->] (r_1) edge node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (r_3);
 | 
| 
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changeset | 526 | \path[->] (r_2) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (r_3);
 | 
| 
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139diff
changeset | 527 | \path[->] (r_1) edge [bend left] node  [left] {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (r_2);
 | 
| 
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139diff
changeset | 528 | \path[->] (r_2) edge [bend left] node  [right] {\alert{$a$}} (r_1);
 | 
| 
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139diff
changeset | 529 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 
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139diff
changeset | 530 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 135 
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changeset | 531 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 532 | |
| 265 
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changeset | 533 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 135 
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changeset | 534 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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134diff
changeset | 535 | |
| 515 | 536 | |
| 135 
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changeset | 537 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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134diff
changeset | 538 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 137 
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136diff
changeset | 539 | \frametitle{Rexp to NFA}
 | 
| 135 
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134diff
changeset | 540 | |
| 
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changeset | 541 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 137 
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136diff
changeset | 542 | \begin{tabular}[t]{l@{\hspace{10mm}}l}
 | 
| 445 | 543 | \raisebox{1mm}{\bl{$\ZERO$}} & 
 | 
| 137 
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136diff
changeset | 544 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick, every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 545 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 137 
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136diff
changeset | 546 | \end{tikzpicture}\\\\
 | 
| 445 | 547 | \raisebox{1mm}{\bl{$\ONE$}} & 
 | 
| 137 
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changeset | 548 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick, every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 549 | \node[state, initial, accepting]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 137 
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136diff
changeset | 550 | \end{tikzpicture}\\\\
 | 
| 
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136diff
changeset | 551 | \raisebox{2mm}{\bl{$c$}} & 
 | 
| 
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136diff
changeset | 552 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick, every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 553 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 554 | \node[state, accepting]  (Q_1)  [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 555 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [below]  {\alert{$c$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 137 
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changeset | 556 | \end{tikzpicture}\\\\
 | 
| 135 
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134diff
changeset | 557 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 
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134diff
changeset | 558 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
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134diff
changeset | 559 | |
| 265 
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215diff
changeset | 560 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 135 
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134diff
changeset | 561 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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134diff
changeset | 562 | |
| 
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134diff
changeset | 563 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 137 
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136diff
changeset | 564 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
| 
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136diff
changeset | 565 | \frametitle{Case $r_1\cdot r_2$}
 | 
| 
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136diff
changeset | 566 | |
| 
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136diff
changeset | 567 | \mbox{}\bigskip
 | 
| 515 | 568 | \onslide<1->{By recursion we are given two automata:\bigskip}
 | 
| 137 
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136diff
changeset | 569 | |
| 515 | 570 | {\centering%
 | 
| 571 | \only<1>{%
 | |
| 572 | \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 573 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 574 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}]
 | |
| 575 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 576 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_01) [below=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
| 577 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_02) [above=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
| 578 | \node (R_1)  [right=of Q_0] {$\ldots$};
 | |
| 579 | \node[state, accepting]  (T_1)  [right=of R_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 580 | \node[state, accepting]  (T_2)  [above=of T_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 581 | \node[state, accepting]  (T_3)  [below=of T_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 582 | ||
| 583 | \node (A_0)  [right=2.5cm of T_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 584 | \node[state, initial]  (A_01)  [above=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 585 | \node[state, initial]  (A_02)  [below=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 586 | ||
| 587 | \node (b_1)  [right=of A_0] {$\ldots$};
 | |
| 137 
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136diff
changeset | 588 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_1)  [right=of b_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 589 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_2)  [above=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 590 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_3)  [below=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 591 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | 
| 515 | 592 | \node (1) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, | 
| 593 |     draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (Q_0) (R_1) (T_1) (T_2) (T_3)] {};
 | |
| 594 | \node (2) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, | |
| 595 |     draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (A_0) (b_1) (c_1) (c_2) (c_3)] {};
 | |
| 596 | \node [yshift=2mm] at (1.north) {$r_1$};
 | |
| 597 | \node [yshift=2mm] at (2.north) {$r_2$};
 | |
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changeset | 598 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | 
| 515 | 599 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 600 | \only<2>{%
 | |
| 601 | \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 602 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 603 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | |
| 604 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 605 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_01) [below=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
| 606 | \node[state, initial]  (Q_02) [above=1mm of Q_0] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
| 607 | \node (r_1)  [right=of Q_0] {$\ldots$};
 | |
| 608 | \node[state]  (t_1)  [right=of r_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 609 | \node[state]  (t_2)  [above=of t_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 610 | \node[state]  (t_3)  [below=of t_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 611 | ||
| 612 | \node  (A_0)  [right=2.5cm of t_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 613 | \node[state]  (A_01)  [above=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 614 | \node[state]  (A_02)  [below=1mm of A_0] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 615 | ||
| 616 | \node (b_1)  [right=of A_0] {$\ldots$};
 | |
| 617 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_1)  [right=of b_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 618 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_2)  [above=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 619 | \node[state, accepting]  (c_3)  [below=of c_1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 620 | \path[->] (t_1) edge (A_01); | |
| 621 | \path[->] (t_2) edge node [above]  {$\epsilon$s} (A_01);
 | |
| 622 | \path[->] (t_3) edge (A_01); | |
| 623 | \path[->] (t_1) edge (A_02); | |
| 624 | \path[->] (t_2) edge (A_02); | |
| 625 | \path[->] (t_3) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$s} (A_02);
 | |
| 626 | ||
| 627 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | |
| 628 | \node (3) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, | |
| 629 |     draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (Q_0) (c_1) (c_2) (c_3)] {};
 | |
| 630 | \node [yshift=2mm] at (3.north) {$r_1\cdot r_2$};
 | |
| 631 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | |
| 632 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | |
| 633 | % | |
| 634 | }\bigskip\bigskip | |
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changeset | 635 | |
| 
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changeset | 636 | \small | 
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changeset | 637 | We need to (1) change the accepting nodes of the first automaton into non-accepting nodes, and (2) connect them | 
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changeset | 638 | via $\epsilon$-transitions to the starting state of the second automaton. | 
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changeset | 639 | |
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changeset | 640 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 641 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 642 | |
| 
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changeset | 643 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 644 | \begin{frame}[t]
 | 
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changeset | 645 | \frametitle{Case $r_1+ r_2$}
 | 
| 515 | 646 | \mbox{}\\[-8mm]
 | 
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changeset | 647 | |
| 515 | 648 | \onslide<1->{By recursion we are given two automata:\smallskip}
 | 
| 137 
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changeset | 649 | |
| 515 | 650 | \hspace{2cm}
 | 
| 651 | \only<1>{%
 | |
| 652 |   \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 653 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 654 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
 | |
| 655 | baseline=(current bounding box.center)] | |
| 656 | \node at (0,0)  (1)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 657 | \node  (2)  [above=14mm of 1] {};
 | |
| 658 | \node[state, initial]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 659 | \node[state, initial]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 660 | \node[state, initial]  (3)  [below=10mm of 1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
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changeset | 661 | |
| 515 | 662 | \node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots\,$};
 | 
| 663 | \node  (a1)  [right=of a] {$$};
 | |
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changeset | 664 | \node[state, accepting]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 665 | \node[state, accepting]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 666 | |
| 
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changeset | 667 | \node (b)  [right=of 3] {$\ldots$};
 | 
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changeset | 668 | \node[state, accepting]  (b1)  [right=of b] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 669 | \node[state, accepting]  (b2)  [above=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 670 | \node[state, accepting]  (b3)  [below=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 671 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | 
| 515 | 672 | \node (1) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (2) (a1) (a2) (a3)] {};
 | 
| 673 | \node (2) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (3) (b1) (b2) (b3)] {};
 | |
| 674 | \node [yshift=3mm] at (1.north) {$r_1$};
 | |
| 675 | \node [yshift=3mm] at (2.north) {$r_2$};
 | |
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changeset | 676 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | 
| 515 | 677 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 678 | \only<2>{%
 | |
| 679 | \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 680 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 681 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
 | |
| 682 | baseline=(current bounding box.center)] | |
| 683 | \node at (0,0) (1)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 684 | \node (2)  [above=14mm of 1] {$$};
 | |
| 685 | \node[state, initial]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 686 | \node[state, initial]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 687 | \node[state, initial]  (3)  [below=10mm of 1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 688 | ||
| 689 | \node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots\,$};
 | |
| 690 | \node (a1)  [right=of a] {$$};
 | |
| 691 | \node[state, accepting]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 692 | \node[state, accepting]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 693 | ||
| 694 | \node (b)  [right=of 3] {$\ldots$};
 | |
| 695 | \node[state, accepting]  (b1)  [right=of b] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 696 | \node[state, accepting]  (b2)  [above=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 697 | \node[state, accepting]  (b3)  [below=of b1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 698 | ||
| 699 | %\path[->] (1) edge node [above]  {$\epsilon$} (2);
 | |
| 700 | %\path[->] (1) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (3);
 | |
| 701 | ||
| 702 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | |
| 703 | \node (3) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (1) (a2) (a3) (b2) (b3)] {};
 | |
| 704 | \node [yshift=3mm] at (3.north) {$r_1+ r_2$};
 | |
| 705 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | |
| 706 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | |
| 707 | % | |
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changeset | 708 | |
| 
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changeset | 709 | \small | 
| 515 | 710 | \mbox{}\\\medskip
 | 
| 517 | 711 | We can just put both automata together. | 
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changeset | 712 | \end{frame}
 | 
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changeset | 713 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 714 | |
| 
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changeset | 715 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 716 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 138 
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changeset | 717 | \frametitle{Case $r^*$}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 718 | |
| 515 | 719 | \onslide<1->{By recursion we are given an automaton for $r$:\smallskip}
 | 
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changeset | 720 | |
| 515 | 721 | \hspace{2cm}
 | 
| 722 | \only<1>{\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 723 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 724 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
 | |
| 725 | baseline=(current bounding box.north)] | |
| 726 | \node (2)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 727 | \node[state, initial]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 728 | \node[state, initial]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
| 138 
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changeset | 729 | \node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots$};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 730 | \node[state, accepting]  (a1)  [right=of a] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 731 | \node[state, accepting]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 515 | 732 | \node[state, accepting]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 733 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | |
| 734 | \node (1) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (2) (a1) (a2) (a3)] {};
 | |
| 735 | \node [yshift=3mm] at (1.north) {$r$};
 | |
| 736 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | |
| 737 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | |
| 738 | \only<2->{\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,
 | |
| 739 | >=stealth',very thick, | |
| 740 |     every state/.style={minimum size=3pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},
 | |
| 741 | baseline=(current bounding box.north)] | |
| 742 | \node at (0,0) [state, initial,accepting]  (1)  {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 743 | \node (2)  [right=16mm of 1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 744 | \node[state]  (4)  [above=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};
 | |
| 745 | \node[state]  (5)  [below=1mm of 2] {$\mbox{}$};  
 | |
| 746 | \node (a)  [right=of 2] {$\ldots$};
 | |
| 138 
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changeset | 747 | \node[state]  (a1)  [right=of a] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 
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changeset | 748 | \node[state]  (a2)  [above=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 515 | 749 | \node[state]  (a3)  [below=of a1] {$\mbox{}$};
 | 
| 750 | \path[->] (1) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (4);
 | |
| 751 | \path[->] (1) edge node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (5);
 | |
| 752 | \path[->] (a1) edge [bend left=45] node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (1);
 | |
| 753 | \path[->] (a2) edge [bend right] node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (1);
 | |
| 754 | \path[->] (a3) edge [bend left=45] node [below]  {$\epsilon$} (1);
 | |
| 138 
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changeset | 755 | \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
 | 
| 515 | 756 | \node (2) [rounded corners, inner sep=1mm, thick, draw=black!60, fill=black!20, fit= (1) (a2) (a3)] {};
 | 
| 757 | \node [yshift=3mm] at (2.north) {$r^*$};
 | |
| 138 
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changeset | 758 | \end{pgfonlayer}
 | 
| 515 | 759 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 760 | \bigskip | |
| 138 
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changeset | 761 | |
| 139 
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changeset | 762 | \onslide<3->{
 | 
| 
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changeset | 763 | Why can't we just have an epsilon transition from the accepting states to the starting state?} | 
| 135 
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changeset | 764 | |
| 346 
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changeset | 765 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 135 
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changeset | 766 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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changeset | 767 | |
| 
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changeset | 768 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
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134diff
changeset | 769 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 346 
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265diff
changeset | 770 | \frametitle{Subset Construction}
 | 
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changeset | 771 | |
| 
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changeset | 772 | |
| 136 
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changeset | 773 | \begin{textblock}{5}(1,1)
 | 
| 
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135diff
changeset | 774 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 515 | 775 | \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=6mm,scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 136 
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changeset | 776 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 777 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
| 778 | \node[state] (Q_1) [above=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 779 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [below=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 780 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 781 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 782 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | |
| 783 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | |
| 784 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
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changeset | 785 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 786 | \end{center}
 | 
| 135 
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changeset | 787 | \end{textblock}
 | 
| 
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changeset | 788 | |
| 
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changeset | 789 | \begin{textblock}{11}(6.5,4.5)
 | 
| 
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changeset | 790 | \begin{tabular}{r|cl}
 | 
| 139 
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changeset | 791 | nodes \textcolor{white}{*} & $a$ & $b$\\
 | 
| 135 
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changeset | 792 | \hline | 
| 346 
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changeset | 793 | $\{\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<2->{$\{\}$} & \onslide<2->{$\{\}$}\\
 | 
| 139 
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changeset | 794 | $\{0\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 346 
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changeset | 795 | $\{1\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{1\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{\}$}\\
 | 
| 
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changeset | 796 | $\{2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} & \onslide<3->{$\{\}$} & \onslide<3->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 139 
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changeset | 797 | $\{0,1\}$ \textcolor{white}{*} &\onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 
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changeset | 798 | $\{0,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} &\onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 
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changeset | 799 | $\{1,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*} & \onslide<4->{$\{1\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 
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 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 800 | \onslide<5->{s:} $\{0,1,2\}$ \onslide<5->{*}& \onslide<4->{$\{0,1,2\}$} & \onslide<4->{$\{2\}$}\\
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 801 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 802 | \end{textblock}
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 803 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 804 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 805 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 806 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 807 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 808 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 809 | \frametitle{The Result}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 810 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 811 | \footnotesize | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 812 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 813 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 814 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 815 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}, | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 816 | baseline=0mm] | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 817 | \node[state,initial,accepting]  (q012)  {$\{0,1,2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 818 | \node[state,accepting] (q02) [right=of q012] {$\{0,2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 819 | \node[state] (q01) [above=of q02] {$\{0,1\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 820 | \node[state,accepting] (q12) [below=of q02] {$\{1,2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 821 | \node[state] (q0) [right=2cm of q01] {$\{0\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 822 | \node[state] (q1) [right=2.5cm of q02] {$\{1\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 823 | \node[state,accepting] (q2) [right=1.5cm of q12] {$\{2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 824 | \node[state] (qn) [right=of q1] {$\{\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 825 | |
| 348 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 826 | \path[->] (q012) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 827 | \path[->] (q012) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 828 | \path[->] (q12) edge [bend left] node [below,pos=0.4]  {\alert{$a$}} (q1);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 829 | \path[->] (q12) edge node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 830 | \path[->] (q02) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (q012);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 831 | \path[->] (q02) edge [bend left] node [above, pos=0.8]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 832 | \path[->] (q01) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (q012);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 833 | \path[->] (q01) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 834 | \path[->] (q0) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (q012);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 835 | \path[->] (q0) edge node [right, pos=0.2]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 836 | \path[->] (q1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 837 | \path[->] (q1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (qn);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 838 | \path[->] (q2) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 839 | \path[->] (q2) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (qn);
 | 
| 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 840 | \path[->] (qn) edge [loop above] node  {$\alert{a},\alert{b}$} ();
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 841 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 842 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 843 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 844 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 845 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 846 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 847 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 848 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 849 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 850 | \frametitle{Removing Dead States}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 851 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 852 | \footnotesize | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 853 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 854 | \begin{tabular}{ll}
 | 
| 445 | 855 | DFA: & (original) NFA:\\ | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 856 | \raisebox{10mm}{%
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 857 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 858 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 859 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}] | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 860 | \node[state,initial,accepting]  (q012)  {$\{0,1,2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 861 | \node[state,accepting] (q2) [right=of q012] {$\{2\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 862 | \node[state] (qn) [right=of q2] {$\{\}$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 863 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 864 | \path[->] (q012) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 865 | \path[->] (q012) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (q2);
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 866 | \path[->] (q2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 867 | \path[->] (q2) edge node [below]  {\alert{$a$}} (qn);
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 868 | \path[->] (qn) edge [loop above] node | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 869 |    {$\alert{a},\alert{b}$} ();
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 870 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 871 | & | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 872 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 873 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 874 | draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},] | 
| 515 | 875 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
| 876 | \node[state] (Q_1) [above=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 877 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_2) [below=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 878 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 879 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [left]  {\alert{$\epsilon$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 880 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | |
| 881 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a$}} ();
 | |
| 882 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 883 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 884 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 885 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 886 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 887 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 888 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 889 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 890 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 891 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 892 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 893 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 894 | \frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 895 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 896 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 897 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 898 | \node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 899 | \node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 900 | \node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 901 | \onslide<2->{\node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 902 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 903 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 904 | \onslide<2->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=9mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 905 | \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 906 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 907 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 908 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 909 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 910 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 911 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 912 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 913 | \frametitle{DFA Minimisation}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 914 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 915 | \begin{enumerate}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 916 | \item Take all pairs \bl{$(q, p)$} with \bl{$q \not= p$}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 917 | \item Mark all pairs that accepting and non-accepting states | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 918 | \item For  all unmarked pairs \bl{$(q, p)$} and all characters \bl{$c$} test whether
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 919 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 920 | \bl{$(\delta(q, c), \delta(p,c))$}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 921 | \end{center} 
 | 
| 348 
31e89128ccd2
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
346diff
changeset | 922 | are marked. If yes in at least one case, then also mark \bl{$(q, p)$}.
 | 
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 923 | \item Repeat last step until no change. | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 924 | \item All unmarked pairs can be merged. | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 925 | \end{enumerate}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 926 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 927 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 928 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 929 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 930 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 931 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 932 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 933 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 934 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 935 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 936 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
| 937 | \node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 938 | \node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 939 | \node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 940 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};
 | |
| 941 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 942 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 943 | \path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 944 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 945 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | |
| 946 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 947 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 948 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 949 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 950 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 951 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 952 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 953 | \mbox{}\\[-20mm]\mbox{}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 954 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 955 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 956 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8,line width=0.8mm]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 957 | \draw (0,0) -- (4,0); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 958 | \draw (0,1) -- (4,1); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 959 | \draw (0,2) -- (3,2); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 960 | \draw (0,3) -- (2,3); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 961 | \draw (0,4) -- (1,4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 962 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 963 | \draw (0,0) -- (0, 4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 964 | \draw (1,0) -- (1, 4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 965 | \draw (2,0) -- (2, 3); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 966 | \draw (3,0) -- (3, 2); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 967 | \draw (4,0) -- (4, 1); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 968 | |
| 515 | 969 | \draw (0.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_0$}; 
 | 
| 970 | \draw (1.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
 | |
| 971 | \draw (2.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
 | |
| 972 | \draw (3.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 973 | |
| 515 | 974 | \draw (-0.5, 3.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
 | 
| 975 | \draw (-0.5, 2.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
 | |
| 976 | \draw (-0.5, 1.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$}; 
 | |
| 977 | \draw (-0.5, 0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_4$}; 
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 978 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 979 | \draw (0.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 980 | \draw (1.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 981 | \draw (2.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 982 | \draw (3.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 983 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 984 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 985 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 986 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 987 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 988 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 989 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 990 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 991 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 992 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 993 | \begin{tabular}{@{\hspace{-8mm}}cc@{}}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 994 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 995 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 996 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};
 | 
| 997 | \node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 998 | \node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 999 | \node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 1000 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};
 | |
| 1001 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | |
| 1002 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1003 | \path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop right] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 1004 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1005 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | |
| 1006 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1007 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1008 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1009 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1010 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1011 | & | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1012 | \raisebox{9mm}{\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.6,line width=0.8mm]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1013 | \draw (0,0) -- (4,0); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1014 | \draw (0,1) -- (4,1); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1015 | \draw (0,2) -- (3,2); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1016 | \draw (0,3) -- (2,3); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1017 | \draw (0,4) -- (1,4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1018 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1019 | \draw (0,0) -- (0, 4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1020 | \draw (1,0) -- (1, 4); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1021 | \draw (2,0) -- (2, 3); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1022 | \draw (3,0) -- (3, 2); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1023 | \draw (4,0) -- (4, 1); | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1024 | |
| 515 | 1025 | \draw (0.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_0$}; 
 | 
| 1026 | \draw (1.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
 | |
| 1027 | \draw (2.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
 | |
| 1028 | \draw (3.5,-0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1029 | |
| 515 | 1030 | \draw (-0.5, 3.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_1$}; 
 | 
| 1031 | \draw (-0.5, 2.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_2$}; 
 | |
| 1032 | \draw (-0.5, 1.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_3$}; 
 | |
| 1033 | \draw (-0.5, 0.5) node {$\mbox{Q}_4$}; 
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1034 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1035 | \draw (0.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1036 | \draw (1.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1037 | \draw (2.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1038 | \draw (3.5,0.5) node {\large$\star$};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1039 | \draw (0.5,1.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1040 | \draw (2.5,1.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1041 | \draw (0.5,3.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1042 | \draw (1.5,2.5) node {\large$\star$}; 
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1043 | \end{tikzpicture}}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1044 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1045 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1046 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1047 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1048 | \mbox{}\\[-20mm]\mbox{}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1049 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1050 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1051 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1052 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1053 | \node[state,initial]  (Q_02)  {$\mbox{Q}_{0, 2}$};
 | 
| 1054 | \node[state] (Q_13) [right=of Q_02] {$\mbox{Q}_{1, 3}$};
 | |
| 1055 | \node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_13] {$\mbox{Q}_{4\phantom{,0}}$};
 | |
| 1056 | \path[->] (Q_02) edge [bend left] node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_13);
 | |
| 1057 | \path[->] (Q_13) edge [bend left] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_02);
 | |
| 1058 | \path[->] (Q_02) edge [loop below] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1059 | \path[->] (Q_13) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1060 | \path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1061 | \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1062 | minimal automaton | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1063 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1064 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1065 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1066 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1067 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1068 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1069 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1070 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1071 | \frametitle{Alternatives}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1072 | \mbox{}\\[-17mm]\mbox{}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1073 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1074 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1075 | \begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth',very thick,auto,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1076 |                     every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1077 | inner sep=2pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20}] | 
| 515 | 1078 | \only<1>{\node[state,initial]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | 
| 1079 | \only<2->{\node[state,accepting]  (Q_0)  {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | |
| 1080 | \node[state] (Q_1) [right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_1$};
 | |
| 1081 | \node[state] (Q_2) [below right=of Q_0] {$\mbox{Q}_2$};
 | |
| 1082 | \node[state] (Q_3) [right=of Q_2] {$\mbox{Q}_3$};
 | |
| 1083 | \only<1>{\node[state, accepting] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};}
 | |
| 1084 | \only<2->{\node[state, initial right] (Q_4) [right=of Q_1] {$\mbox{Q}_4$};}
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1085 | \only<1-2>{
 | 
| 515 | 1086 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | 
| 1087 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1088 | \path[->] (Q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 1089 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1090 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | |
| 1091 | \path[->] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1092 | \path[->] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1093 | \path[->] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1094 | \path[->] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);}
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1095 | \only<3->{
 | 
| 515 | 1096 | \path[<-] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_1);
 | 
| 1097 | \path[<-] (Q_1) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1098 | \path[<-] (Q_4) edge [loop above] node  {\alert{$a, b$}} ();
 | |
| 1099 | \path[<-] (Q_3) edge node [right]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_4);
 | |
| 1100 | \path[<-] (Q_2) edge node [above]  {\alert{$a$}} (Q_3);
 | |
| 1101 | \path[<-] (Q_1) edge node [right]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1102 | \path[<-] (Q_0) edge node [above]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_2);
 | |
| 1103 | \path[<-] (Q_2) edge [loop left] node  {\alert{$b$}} ();
 | |
| 1104 | \path[<-] (Q_3) edge [bend left=95, looseness=1.3] node [below]  {\alert{$b$}} (Q_0);}
 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1105 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1106 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1107 | \mbox{}\\[-18mm]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1108 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1109 | \small | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1110 | \begin{itemize}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1111 | \item<2-> exchange initial / accepting states\\[-2mm] | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1112 | \item<3-> reverse all edges\\[-2mm] | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1113 | \item<4-> subset construction $\Rightarrow$ DFA\\[-2mm] | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1114 | \item<5-> remove dead states\\[-2mm] | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1115 | \item<6-> repeat once more | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1116 |           \onslide<6->{$\Rightarrow$ minimal DFA}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1117 | \end{itemize}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1118 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1119 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1120 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1121 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1122 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1123 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1124 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1125 | \frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1126 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1127 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1128 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1129 | \node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1130 | \node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1131 | \node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1132 | \onslide<1->{\node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1133 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1134 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1135 | \onslide<1->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=9mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1136 | \onslide<2->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge [bend left=45] (rexp);}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1137 | \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1138 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1139 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1140 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1141 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1142 | |
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1143 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1144 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1145 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1146 | \begin{frame}<2>[c]
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1147 | \frametitle{DFA to Rexp}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1148 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1149 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1150 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1151 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1152 |   \only<1>{\node[state, initial]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | 
| 1153 |   \only<2->{\node[state, initial,accepting]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | |
| 1154 |   \only<1>{\node[state]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
 | |
| 1155 |   \only<2->{\node[state,accepting]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
 | |
| 1156 |   \only<1>{\node[state, accepting] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
 | |
| 1157 |   \only<2->{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1158 |   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1159 |                   (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1160 |                   (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1161 |                   (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1162 |                   (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1163 |                   (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1164 | ; | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1165 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1166 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1167 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1168 | \onslide<3>{How to get from a DFA to a regular expression?}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1169 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1170 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1171 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1172 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1173 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1174 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1175 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1176 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1177 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1178 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1179 |   \only<1->{\node[state, initial]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | 
| 1180 |   \only<1->{\node[state]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
 | |
| 1181 |   \only<1->{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1182 |   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1183 |                   (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1184 |                   (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1185 |                   (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1186 |                   (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1187 |                   (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1188 | ; | 
| 139 
6e7c3db9023d
added
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
138diff
changeset | 1189 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1190 | \end{center}\pause\bigskip
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1191 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1192 | \onslide<2->{
 | 
| 445 | 1193 | You know how to solve since school days, no? | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1194 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1195 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l}
 | 
| 515 | 1196 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$2\, \mbox{Q}_0 + 3 \,\mbox{Q}_1 +  4\, \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
 | 
| 1197 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$2 \,\mbox{Q}_0 + 3\, \mbox{Q}_1 + 1\, \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
 | |
| 1198 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$1\, \mbox{Q}_0 + 5\, \mbox{Q}_1 + 2\, \mbox{Q}_2$}\\
 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1199 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1200 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1201 | \end{center}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1202 | } | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1203 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1204 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1205 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1206 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1207 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1208 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1209 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1210 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1211 | \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2,>=stealth',very thick,
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1212 |                              every state/.style={minimum size=0pt,draw=blue!50,very thick,fill=blue!20},]
 | 
| 515 | 1213 |   \only<1->{\node[state, initial]        (q0) at ( 0,1) {$\mbox{Q}_0$};}
 | 
| 1214 |   \only<1->{\node[state]                    (q1) at ( 1,1) {$\mbox{Q}_1$};}
 | |
| 1215 |   \only<1->{\node[state] (q2) at ( 2,1) {$\mbox{Q}_2$};}
 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1216 |   \path[->] (q0) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q1)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1217 |                   (q1) edge[bend left] node[above] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1218 |                   (q2) edge[bend left=50] node[below] {\alert{$b$}} (q0)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1219 |                   (q1) edge node[above] {\alert{$a$}} (q2)
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1220 |                   (q2) edge [loop right] node {\alert{$a$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1221 |                   (q0) edge [loop below] node {\alert{$b$}} ()
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1222 | ; | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1223 | \end{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1224 | \end{center}\bigskip
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1225 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1226 | \onslide<2->{
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1227 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1228 | \begin{tabular}{r@ {\hspace{2mm}}c@ {\hspace{2mm}}l}
 | 
| 515 | 1229 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\ONE + \mbox{Q}_0\,b + \mbox{Q}_1\,b +  \mbox{Q}_2\,b$}\\
 | 
| 1230 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_0\,a$}\\
 | |
| 1231 | \bl{$\mbox{Q}_2$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\mbox{Q}_1\,a + \mbox{Q}_2\,a$}\\
 | |
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1232 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1233 | \end{tabular}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1234 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1235 | } | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1236 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1237 | \onslide<3->{
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1238 | Arden's Lemma: | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1239 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1240 | If \bl{$q = q\,r + s$}\; then\; \bl{$q = s\, r^*$}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1241 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1242 | } | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1243 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1244 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1245 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1246 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1247 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1248 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1249 | \frametitle{Regexps and Automata}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1250 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1251 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1252 | \begin{tikzpicture}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1253 | \node (rexp)  {\bl{\bf Regexps}};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1254 | \node (nfa) [right=of rexp] {\bl{\bf NFAs}};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1255 | \node (dfa) [right=of nfa] {\bl{\bf DFAs}};
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1256 | \onslide<1->{\node (mdfa) [right=of dfa] {\bl{\bf \begin{tabular}{c}minimal\\ DFAs\end{tabular}}};}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1257 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (rexp) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c@{\hspace{9mm}}}Thompson's\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}} (nfa);
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1258 | \path[->, red, line width=2mm] (nfa) edge node [above=4mm, black] {\begin{tabular}{c}subset\\[-1mm] construction\end{tabular}}(dfa);
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1259 | \onslide<1->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge node [below=9mm, black] {minimisation} (mdfa);}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1260 | \onslide<1->{\path[->, red, line width=2mm] (dfa) edge [bend left=45] (rexp);}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1261 | \end{tikzpicture}\\
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1262 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1263 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1264 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1265 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1266 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1267 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1268 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1269 | \frametitle{Regular Languages (3)}
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1270 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1271 | A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a regular
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1272 | expression that recognises all its strings.\bigskip\medskip | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1273 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1274 | or {\bf equivalently}\bigskip\medskip
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1275 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1276 | A language is \alert{\bf regular} iff there exists a
 | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1277 | deterministic finite automaton that recognises all its | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1278 | strings.\bigskip\medskip\pause | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1279 | |
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1280 | Why is every finite set of strings a regular language? | 
| 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1281 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 265 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1282 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1283 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1284 | |
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1285 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1286 | \begin{frame}[c]
 | 
| 
332fbe9c91ab
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
215diff
changeset | 1287 | |
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1288 | Given the function | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1289 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1290 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1291 | \bl{\begin{tabular}{r@{\hspace{1mm}}c@{\hspace{1mm}}l}
 | 
| 445 | 1292 | $rev(\ZERO)$ & $\dn$ & $\ZERO$\\ | 
| 1293 | $rev(\ONE)$ & $\dn$ & $\ONE$\\ | |
| 135 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1294 | $rev(c)$ & $\dn$ & $c$\\ | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1295 | $rev(r_1 + r_2)$ & $\dn$ & $rev(r_1) + rev(r_2)$\\ | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1296 | $rev(r_1 \cdot r_2)$ & $\dn$ & $rev(r_2) \cdot rev(r_1)$\\ | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1297 | $rev(r^*)$ & $\dn$ & $rev(r)^*$\\ | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1298 | \end{tabular}}
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1299 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1300 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1301 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1302 | and the set | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1303 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1304 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1305 | \bl{$Rev\,A \dn \{s^{-1} \;|\; s \in A\}$}
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1306 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1307 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1308 | prove whether | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1309 | |
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1310 | \begin{center}
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1311 | \bl{$L(rev(r)) = Rev (L(r))$}
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1312 | \end{center}
 | 
| 
72b686e1c974
added slides
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
134diff
changeset | 1313 | |
| 346 
a98794b11ac4
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
265diff
changeset | 1314 | \end{frame}
 | 
| 133 
09efdf5cf07c
updated
 Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk> parents: 
93diff
changeset | 1315 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
| 25 | 1316 | |
| 1317 | ||
| 1318 | \end{document}
 | |
| 1319 | ||
| 1320 | %%% Local Variables: | |
| 1321 | %%% mode: latex | |
| 1322 | %%% TeX-master: t | |
| 1323 | %%% End: | |
| 1324 |