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\documentclass{article}
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\usepackage{../style}
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\usepackage{../langs}
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\usepackage{marvosym}
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\usepackage{tcolorbox}
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%% \usepackage[]{hvextern}
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%cheat sheet
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%http://worldline.github.io/scala-cheatsheet/
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\begin{document}
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\fnote{\copyright{} Christian Urban, King's College London, 2020, 2021, 2023}
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\section*{Scala 3 in 6CCS3CFL}
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For the coursework in this module you are free to use any programming
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language you like, but I will show you all my code using Scala---I
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hope you have fond memories of Scala from PEP. The only difference
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with PEP is that I will use the current
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stable version of Scala, which at teh time of writing is Scala 3.3.1.
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\begin{tcolorbox}[colback=red!5!white,colframe=red!75!black]
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If you intend to submit your code for the CW in Scala, you \underline{MUST} submit code that
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is compatible with Scala 3!! This is to make it easier for me to test
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your code and the changes between Scala 2 from last year PEP to Scala
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3 in CFL are not that great. In fact, most changes are just some new
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syntax.
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\end{tcolorbox}\medskip
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\noindent
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If you need a reminder of the Scala handouts from PEP updated to Scala 3
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have a look here
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\hr{http://talisker.nms.kcl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/repos.cgi/pep-material/raw-file/tip/handouts/pep-ho.pdf}. But as said, you do not need to use Scala for the CWs.\footnote{Haskell, Rust, Ocaml were other languages that have
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been used previously in CFL. I do not recommend to use Java or C or C++ for
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writing a compiler, but if you insist, feel free. It has been done
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before.}
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\bigskip
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\noindent
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The other difference between the Scala I showed you in PEP is that in CFL
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I will use the Ammonite REPL (with underlying Scala Version 3):
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\begin{quote}
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\url{https://ammonite.io/#Ammonite-REPL}
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\end{quote}
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Christian Urban <christian.urban@kcl.ac.uk>
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\noindent
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This is a drop-in replacement for the original Scala REPL and
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works very similarly, for example
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\begin{lstlisting}[language={},numbers=none,basicstyle=\ttfamily\small]
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$ amm
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Loading...
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Welcome to the Ammonite Repl 2.5.9 (Scala 3.2.2 Java 17.0.7)
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scala> 1 + 2
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res0: Int = 3
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\end{lstlisting} %% $
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%%\runExtCmd[redirect]{ls -la}{voss}
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\noindent
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Ammonite uses the same Scala compiler, just adds some useful features
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on top of it. It is quite main-stream in the Scala community and it should
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therefore be very easy for you to install \texttt{amm}. If you work under
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a Unix-like system, a sure way to install the right version of Ammonite
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is by using \texttt{curl}:
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\begin{lstlisting}[numbers=none,language={},basicstyle=\ttfamily\small]
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$ curl -L https://github.com/com-lihaoyi/Ammonite/releases/\
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download/2.5.9/3.2-2.5.9 --output amm
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\end{lstlisting} %% $
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\noindent
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The big advantage of Ammonite is that it comes with some additional
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libraries already built-in and also allows one to easily break up code
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into smaller modules. For example reading and writing files in
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Ammonite can be achieved with
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\begin{lstlisting}[numbers=none,language=Scala]
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scala> import os._
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scala> write.over(pwd / "file.name", "foo bar")
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scala> read(pwd / "file.name")
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res1: String = "foo bar"
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\end{lstlisting}
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\noindent
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The second line writes the string \code{"foo bar"} into the file
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\code{"file.name"}, which is located in the current working
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directory (\code{pwd}). For loading and accessing code from
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another Scala file, you can import the code into Ammonite
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as follows:
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\begin{lstlisting}[numbers=none,language=Scala]
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import $file.name-of-the-file
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import name-of-the-file._
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\end{lstlisting} %% $
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\noindent
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This assumes the other Scala file is called
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\texttt{name-of-the-file.sc} and requires the file to be in the same
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directory where \texttt{amm} is working in. This will be very convenient
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for the compiler we implement in CFL, because it allows us to easily
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break up the code into the lexer, parser and code generator.
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Another handy feature of Ammonite is that you can mark functions as
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\texttt{@main}. For example
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\begin{lstlisting}[numbers=none,language=Scala]
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@main
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def foo() = ...
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\end{lstlisting}
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\noindent
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This means you can now call that function from the command line like
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\begin{lstlisting}[numbers=none,language=Scala]
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$ amm file.sc foo
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\end{lstlisting} %% $
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\noindent
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If you want to specify an argument on the commandline, say an int and
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a string, then you can write
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\begin{lstlisting}[numbers=none,language=Scala]
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@main
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def bar(i: Int, s: String) = ...
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\end{lstlisting}
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\noindent
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and then call
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\begin{lstlisting}[numbers=none,language=Scala]
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$ amm file.sc 42 foobar
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\end{lstlisting} %% $
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\noindent
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What is also good in Ammonite is that you can specify more than one
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function to be ``main'' and then specify on the command line which
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function you want to run as entry-point.
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Another feature you might like to use is that Ammonite can ``watch'' files.
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This means it can automatically re-run a file when it is saved. For this
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you have to call \texttt{amm} with the option \texttt{-w}, as in
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\begin{lstlisting}[numbers=none,language=Scala]
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$ amm -w file.sc
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\end{lstlisting} %% $
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\noindent Of course this requires that you use \texttt{println} for
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inspecting any data as otherwise nothing will be displayed at the
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commandline.
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\bigskip
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\noindent
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To sum up, Ammonite is a really useful addition to the Scala ecosystem.
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You can find more information about how to use it in the first five chapters
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of the ``Hands-on Scala'' book by Li Haoyi. These chapters are
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free and can be used as a reference, see:
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\begin{center}
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\url{https://www.handsonscala.com/part-i-introduction-to-scala.html}
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\end{center}
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\end{document}
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%%% Local Variables:
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%%% mode: latex
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%%% TeX-master: t
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%%% End: