| author | Christian Urban <urbanc@in.tum.de> |
| Thu, 26 Sep 2019 12:59:33 +0100 | |
| changeset 635 | 7c2c0f10c424 |
| parent 632 | b7b91158eded |
| child 636 | 96a91e4a8ac8 |
| permissions | -rw-r--r-- |
| 631 | 1 |
% !TEX program = xelatex |
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\documentclass[dvipsnames,14pt,t,xelatex]{beamer}
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\usepackage{../slides}
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\usepackage{../graphics}
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\usepackage{../langs}
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\usepackage{../data}
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\hfuzz=220pt |
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\lstset{language=Scala,
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style=mystyle, |
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numbersep=0pt, |
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numbers=none, |
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xleftmargin=0mm} |
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\newcommand{\bl}[1]{\textcolor{blue}{#1}}
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% beamer stuff |
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\renewcommand{\slidecaption}{CFL 01, King's College London}
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\begin{document}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\begin{frame}[t]
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\frametitle{%
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\begin{tabular}{@ {}c@ {}}
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\\[-3mm] |
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\LARGE Compilers and \\[-1mm] |
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\LARGE Formal Languages (1)\\[-3mm] |
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\end{tabular}}
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\begin{center}
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%\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{pics/ante1.jpg}\hspace{5mm}
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%\includegraphics[scale=0.31]{pics/ante2.jpg}\\
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%\footnotesize\textcolor{gray}{Antikythera automaton, 100 BC (Archimedes?)}
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\end{center}
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\normalsize |
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tabular}{ll}
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Email: & christian.urban at kcl.ac.uk\\ |
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Office Hours: & Thursdays 12 -- 14\\ |
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& N\liningnums{7.07} (North Wing, Bush House)\\
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Slides \& Progs: & KEATS\\ |
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\end{tabular}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\begin{frame}[t]
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\frametitle{Why Study Compilers?}
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John Regehr {\small(Univ.~Utah, LLVM compiler hacker)}\smallskip\\
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\begin{bubble}[10.5cm]
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\bf ``\ldots{}It’s effectively a perpetual
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employment act for solid compiler hackers.'' |
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\end{bubble}
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\onslide<1->{
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\only<2>{
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\begin{itemize}
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\item {\bf Hardware is getting weirder
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rather than getting clocked faster.} |
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\begin{itemize}
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\item[] ``Almost all processors are multicores nowadays and it looks |
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like there is increasing asymmetry in resources across cores. |
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Processors come with vector units, crypto accelerators etc. We have |
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DSPs, GPUs, ARM big.little, and Xeon Phi. This is only scratching the |
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surface.'' |
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}}
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\only<3>{
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\begin{itemize}
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\item {\bf We’re getting tired of low-level languages and
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their associated security disasters.} |
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\begin{itemize}
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\item [] ``We want to write new code, to whatever extent possible, in |
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safer, higher-level languages. Compilers are caught right in the |
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middle of these opposing trends: one of their main jobs is to help |
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bridge the large and growing gap between increasingly high-level |
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languages and increasingly wacky platforms.'' |
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}}}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\begin{frame}[t]
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\frametitle{What are Compilers?}
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tikzpicture}[]
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\node (0) at (-2.3,0) {\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{pics/csource.png}};
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\node (1) [right=35mm] at (0) {\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{pics/cassmbl.png}};
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\draw [->,line width=4mm, red] (0) -- (1); |
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\node (2) [below=25mm] at (0) {\LARGE\bf``source''};
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\node (3) [right=35mm] at (2) {\LARGE\bf``binary''};
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\draw [->,line width=1mm] (2) -- (3); |
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{center}
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\begin{textblock}{10}(1,13.5)
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Compiler explorers, e.g.: \url{https://gcc.godbolt.org}
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\end{textblock}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}Why Bother?\\[-2mm] Compilers \& Boeings 777\end{tabular}}
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First flight in 1994. They want to achieve triple redundancy in hardware |
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faults.\bigskip |
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They compile 1 Ada program to\medskip |
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Intel 80486 |
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\item Motorola 68040 (old Macintosh's) |
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\item AMD 29050 (RISC chips used often in laser printers) |
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\end{itemize}\medskip\medskip
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using 3 independent compilers.\bigskip\pause |
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\small Airbus uses C and static analysers. Recently started using CompCert. |
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%% |
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
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\begin{frame}[c]
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\frametitle{Why Bother?}
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\begin{columns}[t]
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\begin{column}{.5\textwidth}
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Ruby, Python, Java 8\medskip\\ |
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\begin{tikzpicture}\footnotesize
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\begin{axis}[
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xlabel={$n$},
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x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
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ylabel={time in secs},
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enlargelimits=false, |
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xtick={0,5,...,30},
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xmax=33, |
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ymax=35, |
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ytick={0,5,...,30},
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scaled ticks=false, |
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axis lines=left, |
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width=5.5cm, |
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height=4cm, |
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legend entries={Python,Ruby},
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legend pos=north west, |
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legend cell align=left] |
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\addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python.data};
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\addplot[brown,mark=triangle*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-ruby.data};
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\end{axis}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\begin{tikzpicture}\footnotesize
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\begin{axis}[
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xlabel={$n$},
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x label style={at={(1.05,0.0)}},
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ylabel={time in secs},
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enlargelimits=false, |
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xtick={0,5,...,30},
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xmax=33, |
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ymax=35, |
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ytick={0,5,...,30},
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scaled ticks=false, |
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axis lines=left, |
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width=5.5cm, |
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height=4cm, |
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legend entries={Python, Java 8, JavaScript},
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legend pos=north west, |
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legend cell align=left] |
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\addplot[blue,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-python2.data};
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\addplot[cyan,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-java.data};
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\addplot[red,mark=*, mark options={fill=white}] table {re-js.data};
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\end{axis}
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{column}
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\begin{column}{.5\textwidth}
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Us (after next lecture)\medskip\\ |
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\begin{tikzpicture}\footnotesize
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\begin{axis}[
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xlabel={$n$},
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x label style={at={(1.07,0.0)}},
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ylabel={time in secs},
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enlargelimits=false, |
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xtick={0,5000,...,10000},
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xmax=11000, |
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ymax=35, |
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ytick={0,5,...,30},
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scaled ticks=false, |
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axis lines=left, |
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width=5.5cm, |
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height=4cm] |
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\addplot[green,mark=square*,mark options={fill=white}] table {re2.data};
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\addplot[black,mark=square*,mark options={fill=white}] table {re3.data};
|
|
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parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
208 |
\end{axis}
|
|
a47c4227a0c6
updated
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parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
209 |
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|
a47c4227a0c6
updated
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parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
210 |
\begin{tikzpicture}\footnotesize
|
|
a47c4227a0c6
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
211 |
\begin{axis}[
|
|
a47c4227a0c6
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
212 |
xlabel={$n$},
|
|
a47c4227a0c6
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
213 |
x label style={at={(1.07,0.0)}},
|
|
a47c4227a0c6
updated
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parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
214 |
ylabel={time in secs},
|
|
a47c4227a0c6
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
215 |
enlargelimits=false, |
|
a47c4227a0c6
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
216 |
ymax=35, |
|
a47c4227a0c6
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
217 |
ytick={0,5,...,30},
|
|
a47c4227a0c6
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
218 |
scaled ticks=false, |
|
a47c4227a0c6
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
219 |
axis lines=left, |
|
a47c4227a0c6
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
220 |
width=5.5cm, |
|
a47c4227a0c6
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
221 |
height=4cm] |
|
a47c4227a0c6
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
222 |
\addplot[black,mark=square*,mark options={fill=white}] table {re3a.data};
|
|
a47c4227a0c6
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
223 |
\end{axis}
|
|
255
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
224 |
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
225 |
\end{column}
|
|
428
a47c4227a0c6
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
226 |
\end{columns}\bigskip
|
|
255
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
227 |
|
|
428
a47c4227a0c6
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
228 |
\small\centering |
| 635 | 229 |
matching \bl{\texttt{[a?]\{n\}[a]\{n\}}} and \bl{\texttt{(a*)*b}}
|
230 |
against \bl{$\underbrace{\texttt{a}...\texttt{a}}_n$}
|
|
| 510 | 231 |
\end{frame}
|
|
255
96a99237fa42
updated
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
232 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
| 631 | 233 |
|
234 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
235 |
\begin{frame}[c,fragile]
|
|
236 |
\frametitle{Incidents}
|
|
237 |
||
238 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
239 |
\item a global outage on 2 July 2019 at \textbf{Cloudflare}
|
|
240 |
(first one for six years)\medskip |
|
241 |
||
242 |
\begin{center}\small\color{blue}
|
|
243 |
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
244 |
(?:(?:\"|'|\]|\}|\\|\d|(?:nan|infinity|true|false| |
|
245 |
null|undefined|symbol|math)|\`|\-|\+)+[)]*;?((?:\s |
|
246 |
|-|~|!|{}|\|\||\+)*.*(?:.*=.*)))
|
|
247 |
\end{verbatim}
|
|
248 |
\end{center}\bigskip\bigskip\bigskip\bigskip\bigskip\bigskip\bigskip
|
|
249 |
||
250 |
\item on 20 July 2016 the \textbf{Stack Exchange} webpage went down
|
|
251 |
because of an evil regular expression |
|
252 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
253 |
||
254 |
\begin{textblock}{6}(9,7.6)
|
|
255 |
\includegraphics[scale=0.14]{cloudflare.png}\\
|
|
256 |
\footnotesize |
|
257 |
It serves more web traffic than Twitter, Amazon, Apple, Instagram, Bing \& Wikipedia combined. |
|
258 |
\end{textblock}
|
|
259 |
||
260 |
\end{frame}
|
|
261 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
262 |
||
| 560 | 263 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
264 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
265 |
\frametitle{Evil Regular Expressions}
|
|
266 |
||
267 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
268 |
\item \alert{R}egular \alert{e}xpression \alert{D}enial \alert{o}f \alert{S}ervice (ReDoS)\medskip
|
|
269 |
\item Evil regular expressions\medskip |
|
270 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
271 |
\item \bl{$(a^{?\{n\}}) \cdot a^{\{n\}}$}
|
|
272 |
\item \bl{$(a^*)^*\cdot b$}
|
|
| 630 | 273 |
\item \bl{$([a-z]^+)^*$}
|
| 560 | 274 |
\item \bl{$(a + a \cdot a)^*$}
|
275 |
\item \bl{$(a + a^?)^*$}
|
|
276 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
277 |
||
278 |
\item sometimes also called \alert{catastrophic backtracking}
|
|
279 |
\item this is a problem for \alert{N}etwork \alert{I}ntrusion
|
|
| 631 | 280 |
\alert{D}etection systems, Cloudflare, StackExchange, Atom editor
|
| 560 | 281 |
\item \url{https://vimeo.com/112065252}
|
282 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
283 |
||
284 |
\end{frame}
|
|
285 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
|
428
a47c4227a0c6
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
286 |
|
|
255
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
287 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
288 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
| 559 | 289 |
\frametitle{The Goal of this Module}
|
290 |
||
291 |
\begin{center}
|
|
292 |
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1,
|
|
293 |
node/.style={
|
|
294 |
rectangle,rounded corners=3mm, |
|
295 |
very thick,draw=black!50,minimum height=18mm, minimum width=20mm, |
|
296 |
top color=white,bottom color=black!20}] |
|
297 |
||
| 560 | 298 |
\node at (3.05, 1.8) {\Large\bf write a compiler};
|
| 559 | 299 |
|
| 560 | 300 |
\node (0) at (-2.3,0) {};
|
301 |
\node [above=5mm of 0] |
|
302 |
{\makebox[0mm]{\footnotesize
|
|
303 |
\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{}}input\\[-1mm]program\end{tabular}}};
|
|
| 576 | 304 |
|
| 559 | 305 |
\node (A) at (0,0) [node] {};
|
306 |
\node [below right] at (A.north west) {lexer};
|
|
307 |
||
308 |
\node (B) at (3,0) [node] {};
|
|
309 |
\node [below right=1mm] at (B.north west) {\mbox{}\hspace{-1mm}parser};
|
|
310 |
||
311 |
\node (C) at (6,0) [node] {};
|
|
312 |
\node [below right] at (C.north west) {\mbox{}\hspace{-1mm}code gen};
|
|
313 |
||
| 560 | 314 |
\node (1) at (8.4,0) {};
|
315 |
\node [above=5mm of 1] |
|
316 |
{\makebox[0mm]{\footnotesize
|
|
317 |
\begin{tabular}{@{}r@{}}binary\\[-1mm]code\end{tabular}}};
|
|
| 559 | 318 |
|
319 |
\draw [->,line width=4mm] (0) -- (A); |
|
320 |
\draw [->,line width=4mm] (A) -- (B); |
|
321 |
\draw [->,line width=4mm] (B) -- (C); |
|
322 |
\draw [->,line width=4mm] (C) -- (1); |
|
323 |
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|
324 |
\end{center}
|
|
325 |
||
326 |
\only<2,3,4>{
|
|
327 |
\begin{textblock}{1}(1,2.1)
|
|
328 |
\begin{bubble}[9.8cm]
|
|
329 |
\normalsize |
|
330 |
lexer input: a string\smallskip\\ |
|
331 |
\hspace{5mm}\code{"read(n);"}\medskip\\
|
|
332 |
lexer output: a sequence of tokens\smallskip\\ |
|
333 |
\hspace{5mm}\code{key(read) lpar id(n) rpar semi}
|
|
334 |
\end{bubble}
|
|
| 621 | 335 |
\end{textblock}}
|
| 559 | 336 |
|
337 |
\only<3,4>{
|
|
338 |
\begin{textblock}{1}(6,7.8)
|
|
339 |
\begin{tabular}{c}
|
|
340 |
\includegraphics[scale=0.2]{../pics/rosetta.jpg}\\[-2mm]
|
|
341 |
\footnotesize lexing $\Rightarrow$ recognising words (Stone of Rosetta) |
|
342 |
\end{tabular}
|
|
343 |
\end{textblock}}
|
|
344 |
||
345 |
\only<4>{
|
|
346 |
\begin{textblock}{1}(0.5,12)\small
|
|
347 |
\begin{tabular}{l@{}c@{}l}
|
|
348 |
\pcode{if} & $\;\Rightarrow\;$ & keyword\\
|
|
349 |
\pcode{iffoo} & $\;\Rightarrow\;$ & identifier\\
|
|
350 |
\end{tabular}
|
|
351 |
\end{textblock}}
|
|
352 |
||
353 |
\only<5>{
|
|
354 |
\begin{textblock}{1}(1,1.5)
|
|
355 |
\begin{bubble}[8.5cm]
|
|
356 |
\normalsize |
|
357 |
parser input: a sequence of tokens\smallskip\\ |
|
358 |
||
359 |
{\small\hspace{5mm}\code{key(read) lpar id(n) rpar semi}}\smallskip\\
|
|
360 |
||
361 |
parser output: an abstract syntax tree\smallskip\\ |
|
362 |
\footnotesize |
|
363 |
\hspace{2cm}\begin{tikzpicture}
|
|
364 |
\node {\code{read}}
|
|
365 |
child {node {\code{lpar}}}
|
|
366 |
child {node {\code{n}}}
|
|
367 |
child {node {\code{rpar}}};
|
|
368 |
\end{tikzpicture}
|
|
369 |
\end{bubble}
|
|
370 |
\end{textblock}}
|
|
371 |
||
372 |
\only<6,7>{
|
|
373 |
\begin{textblock}{1}(1,1.5)
|
|
374 |
\begin{bubble}[4cm]
|
|
375 |
\normalsize |
|
376 |
code generator:\smallskip\\ |
|
377 |
\hspace{5mm}\code{istore 2}\\
|
|
378 |
\hspace{5mm}\code{iload 2}\\
|
|
379 |
\hspace{5mm}\code{ldc 10}\\
|
|
380 |
\hspace{5mm}\code{isub}\\
|
|
381 |
\hspace{5mm}\code{ifeq Label2}\\
|
|
382 |
\hspace{5mm}\code{iload 2}\\
|
|
383 |
\hspace{5mm}\code{...}\\
|
|
384 |
\end{bubble}
|
|
385 |
\end{textblock}}
|
|
386 |
||
387 |
\only<7>{
|
|
388 |
\begin{textblock}{6}(8.4,7)
|
|
389 |
\begin{bubble}[5cm]
|
|
390 |
\mbox{\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.58,rounded corners=0mm]
|
|
391 |
\begin{axis}[axis x line=bottom, axis y line=left, ylabel=secs,
|
|
392 |
xlabel=n, |
|
393 |
enlargelimits=0.05, |
|
394 |
ybar interval=0.7, legend style=small] |
|
395 |
\addplot file {interpreted2.data};
|
|
396 |
\addplot file {compiled2.data};
|
|
397 |
%\legend{interpreted, compiled}
|
|
398 |
\end{axis}
|
|
399 |
\end{tikzpicture}}
|
|
400 |
\end{bubble}
|
|
401 |
\end{textblock}}
|
|
402 |
||
403 |
\end{frame}
|
|
404 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
405 |
||
406 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
407 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
408 |
\frametitle{The Acad.~Subject is Mature}
|
|
409 |
||
| 631 | 410 |
\bigskip |
| 559 | 411 |
\begin{itemize}
|
| 631 | 412 |
\item Turing Machines, 1936 (a tape as memory) |
| 559 | 413 |
\item Regular Expressions, 1956\\ |
| 631 | 414 |
\item The first compiler for COBOL, 1957\\ (Grace Hopper)\medskip |
| 559 | 415 |
\item But surprisingly research papers are still published nowadays\\ |
416 |
\item ``Parsing: The Solved Problem That Isn't'' |
|
417 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
418 |
||
419 |
\begin{flushright}
|
|
420 |
\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{pics/hopper.jpg}\\
|
|
421 |
\footnotesize\textcolor{gray}{Grace Hopper}
|
|
422 |
\end{flushright}
|
|
423 |
||
424 |
||
425 |
\begin{flushright}
|
|
426 |
\mbox{}\\[-6mm]
|
|
427 |
{\footnotesize\textcolor{gray}{(she made it to David Letterman's Tonight Show,\\[-2mm]
|
|
428 |
\url{http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZOxtURhfEU})}}
|
|
429 |
\end{flushright}
|
|
430 |
||
431 |
\end{frame}
|
|
432 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
433 |
||
| 632 | 434 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
435 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
436 |
\frametitle{Remember BF***?}
|
|
| 559 | 437 |
|
| 632 | 438 |
\begin{center}
|
439 |
\begin{tabular}{lcl}
|
|
440 |
\bl{\texttt{>}} & $\Rightarrow$ & move one cell right\\
|
|
441 |
\bl{\texttt{<}} & $\Rightarrow$ & move one cell left\\
|
|
442 |
\bl{\texttt{+}} & $\Rightarrow$ & increase cell by one\\
|
|
443 |
\bl{\texttt{-}} & $\Rightarrow$ & decrease cell by one\\
|
|
444 |
\bl{\texttt{.}} & $\Rightarrow$ & print current cell\\
|
|
445 |
\bl{\texttt{,}} & $\Rightarrow$ & input current cell\\
|
|
446 |
\bl{\texttt{[}} & $\Rightarrow$ & loop begin\\
|
|
447 |
\bl{\texttt{]}} & $\Rightarrow$ & loop end\medskip\\
|
|
448 |
& $\Rightarrow$ & everything else is a comment\\ |
|
449 |
\end{tabular}
|
|
450 |
\end{center}
|
|
451 |
||
452 |
\end{frame}
|
|
453 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
454 |
||
455 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
456 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
457 |
\frametitle{A Compiler for BF***}
|
|
458 |
||
459 |
\begin{center}
|
|
460 |
\begin{tabular}{lcl}
|
|
461 |
\bl{\texttt{>}} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{ptr++}\\
|
|
462 |
\bl{\texttt{<}} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{ptr--}\\
|
|
463 |
\bl{\texttt{+}} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{(*ptr)++}\\
|
|
464 |
\bl{\texttt{-}} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{(*ptr)--}\\
|
|
465 |
\bl{\texttt{.}} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{putchar(*ptr)}\\
|
|
466 |
\bl{\texttt{,}} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{*ptr = getchar()}\\
|
|
467 |
\bl{\texttt{[}} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{while(*ptr)\{}\\
|
|
468 |
\bl{\texttt{]}} & $\Rightarrow$ & \texttt{\}}\medskip\\
|
|
469 |
& $\Rightarrow$ & ignore everything else\\ |
|
470 |
\end{tabular}
|
|
471 |
\end{center}\bigskip
|
|
472 |
||
473 |
\texttt{char field[30000]\\ char *ptr = &field[15000]}
|
|
474 |
||
475 |
\end{frame}
|
|
476 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
477 |
||
| 559 | 478 |
|
479 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
480 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
|
327
9470cd124667
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
255
diff
changeset
|
481 |
\frametitle{Lectures 1 - 5}
|
|
255
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
482 |
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
483 |
transforming strings into structured data\\[10mm] |
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
484 |
|
| 506 | 485 |
{\LARGE\bf Lexing} {\hfill{}based on regular expressions}\medskip\\
|
|
255
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
486 |
\hspace{5mm}(recognising ``words'')\\[6mm]
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
487 |
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
488 |
{\LARGE\bf Parsing}\medskip\\
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
489 |
\hspace{5mm}(recognising ``sentences'')
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
490 |
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
491 |
\begin{textblock}{1}(10,9.1)
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
492 |
\begin{tabular}{c}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
493 |
\includegraphics[scale=0.1]{../pics/rosetta.jpg}\\[-2mm]
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
494 |
\footnotesize Stone of Rosetta |
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
495 |
\end{tabular}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
496 |
\end{textblock}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
497 |
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
498 |
\end{frame}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
499 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
500 |
|
| 1 | 501 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
255
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
502 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
503 |
\frametitle{Familiar Regular Expr.}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
504 |
\small |
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
505 |
\begin{center}
|
| 560 | 506 |
\texttt{[a-z0-9\_$\backslash{}$.-]+ @ [a-z0-9$\backslash{}$.-]+ . [a-z$\backslash{}$.]\{2,6\}}
|
|
255
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
507 |
\end{center}\smallskip
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
508 |
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
509 |
\begin{center}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
510 |
\begin{tabular}{@{}lp{8.5cm}@{}}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
511 |
\pcode{re*} & matches 0 or more times\\
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
512 |
\pcode{re+} & matches 1 or more times\\
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
513 |
\pcode{re?} & matches 0 or 1 times\\
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
514 |
\pcode{re\{n\}} & matches exactly \pcode{n} number of times\\
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
515 |
\pcode{re\{n,m\}} & matches at least \pcode{n} and at most {\tt m} times\\
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
516 |
\pcode{[...]} & matches any single character inside the brackets\\
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
517 |
\pcode{[^...]} & matches any single character not inside the
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
518 |
brackets\\ |
| 560 | 519 |
\pcode{a-z A-Z} & character ranges\\
|
|
255
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
520 |
\pcode{\\d} & matches digits; equivalent to \pcode{[0-9]}\\
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
521 |
\pcode{.} & matches every character except newline\\
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
522 |
\pcode{(re)} & groups regular expressions and remembers
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
523 |
the matched text |
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
524 |
\end{tabular}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
525 |
\end{center}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
526 |
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
527 |
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
528 |
\end{frame}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
529 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
530 |
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
531 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
| 631 | 532 |
%\begin{frame}[c]
|
533 |
%\frametitle{Today}
|
|
534 |
% |
|
535 |
%\begin{itemize}
|
|
536 |
%\item While the ultimate goal is to implement a small compiler for the JVM |
|
537 |
% \ldots\bigskip |
|
538 |
%\end{itemize}
|
|
539 |
% |
|
540 |
%Let's start with: |
|
541 |
% |
|
542 |
%\begin{itemize}
|
|
543 |
%\item a web-crawler |
|
544 |
%\item an email harvester |
|
| 559 | 545 |
%\item \textcolor{gray}{(a web-scraper)}
|
| 631 | 546 |
%\end{itemize}
|
547 |
% |
|
548 |
%\end{frame}
|
|
|
255
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
549 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
| 0 | 550 |
|
| 2 | 551 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
| 631 | 552 |
%\begin{frame}[t]
|
553 |
%\frametitle{A Web-Crawler}
|
|
554 |
% |
|
555 |
%\mbox{}\\[10mm]
|
|
556 |
% |
|
557 |
%\begin{enumerate}
|
|
558 |
%\item given an URL, read the corresponding webpage |
|
559 |
%\item extract all links from it |
|
560 |
%\item call the web-crawler again for all these links |
|
561 |
%\end{enumerate}
|
|
562 |
% |
|
563 |
%\end{frame}
|
|
| 2 | 564 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
565 |
||
566 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
| 631 | 567 |
%\begin{frame}[t]
|
568 |
%\frametitle{A Web-Crawler}
|
|
569 |
% |
|
570 |
%\mbox{}\\[10mm]
|
|
571 |
% |
|
572 |
% |
|
573 |
%\begin{enumerate}
|
|
574 |
%\item given an URL, read the corresponding webpage |
|
575 |
%\item if not possible print, out a problem |
|
576 |
%\item if possible, extract all links from it |
|
577 |
%\item call the web-crawler again for all these links |
|
578 |
%\end{enumerate}\bigskip\pause
|
|
579 |
% |
|
580 |
%\small (we need a bound for the number of recursive calls) |
|
581 |
% |
|
582 |
%\small (the purpose is to check all links on my own webpage) |
|
583 |
%\end{frame}
|
|
| 2 | 584 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
585 |
||
|
255
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
586 |
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
587 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
| 631 | 588 |
%\begin{frame}[c]
|
589 |
% |
|
590 |
%\begin{textblock}{1}(2,5)
|
|
591 |
%\begin{tabular}{c}
|
|
592 |
%\includegraphics[scale=0.15]{pics/servers.png}\\[-2mm]
|
|
593 |
%\small Server |
|
594 |
%\end{tabular}
|
|
595 |
%\end{textblock}
|
|
596 |
% |
|
597 |
%\begin{textblock}{1}(5.6,4)
|
|
598 |
% \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.1]
|
|
599 |
% \draw[white] (0,1) node (X) {};
|
|
600 |
% \draw[white] (2,1) node (Y) {};
|
|
601 |
% \draw[white] (0,0) node (X1) {};
|
|
602 |
% \draw[white] (2,0) node (Y1) {};
|
|
603 |
% \draw[white] (0,-1) node (X2) {};
|
|
604 |
% \draw[white] (2,-1) node (Y2) {};
|
|
605 |
% \draw[red, <-, line width = 2mm] (X) -- (Y); |
|
606 |
% \node [inner sep=5pt,label=above:\textcolor{black}{GET request}] at ($ (X)!.5!(Y) $) {};
|
|
607 |
% \draw[red, ->, line width = 2mm] (X1) -- (Y1); |
|
608 |
% \node [inner sep=5pt,label=above:\textcolor{black}{webpage}] at ($ (X1)!.5!(Y1) $) {};
|
|
609 |
% \draw[red, <-, line width = 2mm] (X2) -- (Y2); |
|
610 |
% \node [inner sep=7pt,label=above:\textcolor{black}{POST data}] at ($ (X2)!.5!(Y2) $) {};
|
|
611 |
% \end{tikzpicture}
|
|
612 |
%\end{textblock}
|
|
613 |
% |
|
614 |
% |
|
615 |
%\begin{textblock}{1}(9,5.5)
|
|
616 |
%\begin{tabular}{c}
|
|
617 |
%\includegraphics[scale=0.15]{pics/laptop.png}\\[-2mm]
|
|
618 |
%\small Browser |
|
619 |
%\end{tabular}
|
|
620 |
%\end{textblock}
|
|
621 |
%\end{frame}
|
|
622 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
|
255
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
623 |
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
624 |
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
625 |
|
| 0 | 626 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
| 631 | 627 |
%\begin{frame}[c]
|
628 |
%\frametitle{Scala}
|
|
629 |
% |
|
630 |
%\small A simple Scala function for reading webpages: |
|
631 |
%\bigskip |
|
632 |
% |
|
633 |
%\footnotesize |
|
634 |
%\lstinputlisting{../progs/app0.scala}
|
|
635 |
%\medskip\pause |
|
636 |
% |
|
637 |
%\lstinline{get_page("""https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/christian.urban/""")}
|
|
638 |
%\bigskip\medskip\pause |
|
639 |
% |
|
640 |
% |
|
641 |
%\small A slightly more complicated version for handling errors: |
|
642 |
%\smallskip |
|
643 |
% |
|
644 |
%\footnotesize |
|
645 |
%\lstinputlisting[xleftmargin=-4mm]{../progs/app1.scala}
|
|
646 |
% |
|
647 |
% |
|
648 |
%\end{frame}
|
|
| 0 | 649 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
650 |
||
|
98
1f3d89fe9820
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
97
diff
changeset
|
651 |
|
|
1f3d89fe9820
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
97
diff
changeset
|
652 |
|
|
1f3d89fe9820
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
97
diff
changeset
|
653 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
| 3 | 654 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
253
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
655 |
\frametitle{A Regular Expression}
|
| 3 | 656 |
|
657 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
658 |
\item \ldots{} is a pattern or template for specifying strings
|
|
659 |
\end{itemize}\bigskip
|
|
660 |
||
661 |
\begin{center}
|
|
|
254
dcd4688690ce
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
662 |
\only<1>{\scode{"https?://[^"]*"}}%
|
|
dcd4688690ce
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
663 |
\only<2>{\scode{""""https?://[^"]*"""".r}}
|
| 3 | 664 |
\end{center}\bigskip\bigskip
|
665 |
||
|
254
dcd4688690ce
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
666 |
matches for example\smallskip\\ |
|
dcd4688690ce
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
667 |
\hspace{2mm}\code{"http://www.foobar.com"}\\
|
| 559 | 668 |
\hspace{2mm}\code{"https://www.tls.org"}\smallskip\\
|
669 |
||
670 |
but not\smallskip\\ |
|
671 |
\hspace{2mm}\code{"http://www."foo"bar.com"}\\
|
|
| 3 | 672 |
|
|
253
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
673 |
\end{frame}
|
| 3 | 674 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
675 |
||
676 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
| 632 | 677 |
%\begin{frame}[c]
|
678 |
%\frametitle{Finding Operations in Scala}
|
|
679 |
% |
|
680 |
%{\bf\code{rexp.findAllIn(string)}}\medskip
|
|
681 |
% |
|
682 |
%returns a list of all (sub)strings that match the |
|
683 |
%regular expression |
|
684 |
%\bigskip\bigskip |
|
685 |
% |
|
686 |
% |
|
687 |
%{\bf\code{rexp.findFirstIn(string)}}\medskip
|
|
688 |
% |
|
689 |
%returns either |
|
690 |
% |
|
691 |
%\begin{itemize}
|
|
692 |
%\item \code{None} if no (sub)string matches or
|
|
693 |
%\item \code{Some(s)} with the first (sub)string
|
|
694 |
%\end{itemize}
|
|
695 |
% |
|
696 |
%\end{frame}
|
|
| 0 | 697 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
698 |
||
699 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
| 631 | 700 |
%\begin{frame}[c]
|
701 |
% |
|
702 |
%\footnotesize |
|
703 |
%\lstinputlisting{../progs/app2.scala}
|
|
704 |
% |
|
705 |
%\end{frame}
|
|
|
254
dcd4688690ce
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
706 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
| 0 | 707 |
|
|
254
dcd4688690ce
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
708 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
| 631 | 709 |
%\begin{frame}[c]
|
710 |
% |
|
711 |
%\small |
|
712 |
%A version that only crawls links in ``my'' domain:\bigskip |
|
713 |
% |
|
714 |
%\footnotesize |
|
715 |
%\lstinputlisting{../progs/app3.scala}
|
|
716 |
% |
|
717 |
%\end{frame}
|
|
| 0 | 718 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
719 |
||
720 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
| 631 | 721 |
%\begin{frame}[c]
|
722 |
%\lstset{xleftmargin=-4mm}
|
|
723 |
%\small |
|
724 |
%A little email harvester: |
|
725 |
% |
|
726 |
%\footnotesize |
|
727 |
%\lstinputlisting{../progs/app4.scala}\bigskip
|
|
728 |
% |
|
729 |
%\tiny |
|
730 |
%\url{http://net.tutsplus.com/tutorials/other/8-regular-expressions-you-should-know/}
|
|
731 |
% |
|
732 |
%\end{frame}
|
|
| 3 | 733 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
734 |
||
735 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
| 14 | 736 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
| 506 | 737 |
\frametitle{Regular Expressions}
|
| 0 | 738 |
|
|
330
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
739 |
Their inductive definition: |
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
740 |
|
| 14 | 741 |
|
|
330
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
742 |
\begin{textblock}{6}(2,7.5)
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
743 |
\begin{tabular}{@ {}rrl@ {\hspace{13mm}}l}
|
| 512 | 744 |
\bl{$r$} & \bl{$::=$} & \bl{$\ZERO$} & nothing\\
|
|
428
a47c4227a0c6
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
745 |
& \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$\ONE$} & empty string / \pcode{""} / $[]$\\
|
|
330
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
746 |
& \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$c$} & character\\
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
747 |
& \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r_1 + r_2$} & alternative / choice\\
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
748 |
& \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r_1 \cdot r_2$} & sequence\\
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
749 |
& \bl{$\mid$} & \bl{$r^*$} & star (zero or more)\\
|
| 3 | 750 |
\end{tabular}
|
751 |
\end{textblock}
|
|
752 |
||
|
330
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
753 |
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
754 |
\only<2->{\footnotesize
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
755 |
\begin{textblock}{9}(2,0.5)
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
756 |
\begin{bubble}[9.8cm]
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
757 |
\lstinputlisting{../progs/app01.scala}
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
758 |
\end{bubble}
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
759 |
\end{textblock}}
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
760 |
|
|
254
dcd4688690ce
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
761 |
\end{frame}
|
| 3 | 762 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
763 |
||
764 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
| 506 | 765 |
%\begin{frame}[t]
|
766 |
%\frametitle{Regular Expressions}
|
|
767 |
% |
|
768 |
%\small |
|
769 |
%In Scala:\bigskip |
|
770 |
% |
|
771 |
%\footnotesize |
|
772 |
%\lstinputlisting{../progs/app51.scala}
|
|
773 |
% |
|
774 |
% |
|
775 |
%\end{frame}
|
|
| 0 | 776 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
777 |
||
778 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
|
255
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
779 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
780 |
\frametitle{Strings}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
781 |
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
782 |
\ldots are lists of characters. For example \code{"hello"}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
783 |
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
784 |
\begin{center}
|
|
330
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
785 |
\bl{$[h, e, l, l, o]$} or just \bl{$hello$}
|
|
255
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
786 |
\end{center}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
787 |
|
|
330
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
788 |
the empty string: \bl{$[]$} or \bl{\pcode{""}}\bigskip\\
|
|
255
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
789 |
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
790 |
the concatenation of two strings: |
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
791 |
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
792 |
\begin{center}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
793 |
\bl{$s_1 \,@\, s_2$}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
794 |
\end{center}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
795 |
|
| 631 | 796 |
\bl{\textit{foo $@$ bar = foobar}}\\
|
797 |
\bl{\textit{baz $@\, []$ = baz}}
|
|
|
255
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
798 |
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
799 |
\end{frame}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
800 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
801 |
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
802 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
330
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
803 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
804 |
\frametitle{Languages, Strings}
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
805 |
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
806 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
807 |
\item \alert{\bf Strings} are lists of characters, for example
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
808 |
\begin{center}
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
809 |
\bl{$[]$},\;\bl{$abc$} \hspace{2cm}(Pattern match: \bl{$c\!::\!s$})
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
810 |
\end{center}\bigskip
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
811 |
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
812 |
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
813 |
\item A \alert{\bf language} is a set of strings, for example\medskip
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
814 |
\begin{center}
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
815 |
\bl{$\{[], hello, \textit{foobar}, a, abc\}$}
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
816 |
\end{center}\bigskip
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
817 |
|
|
332
4755ad4b457b
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
331
diff
changeset
|
818 |
\item \alert{\bf Concatenation} of strings and languages
|
|
330
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
819 |
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
820 |
\begin{center}
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
821 |
\begin{tabular}{rcl}
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
822 |
\bl{$\textit{foo}\;@\;bar$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\textit{foobar}$}\medskip\\
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
823 |
\bl{$A\;@\;B$} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\{ s_1\,@\,s_2 \;\mid\; s_1 \in A \wedge s_2 \in B\}$}
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
824 |
\end{tabular}
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
825 |
\end{center}
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
826 |
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
827 |
%\item The \alert{\bf meaning} of a regular expression is a set of
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
828 |
% strings, or language. |
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
829 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
830 |
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
831 |
\end{frame}
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
832 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
833 |
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
834 |
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
835 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
| 0 | 836 |
\mode<presentation>{
|
837 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
|
253
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
838 |
\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}The Meaning of a\\[-2mm]
|
|
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
839 |
Regular Expression\end{tabular}}
|
| 0 | 840 |
|
| 4 | 841 |
\begin{textblock}{15}(1,4)
|
|
254
dcd4688690ce
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
842 |
\begin{tabular}{rcl}
|
|
428
a47c4227a0c6
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
843 |
\bl{$L(\ZERO)$} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\{\}$}\\
|
|
a47c4227a0c6
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
844 |
\bl{$L(\ONE)$} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\{[]\}$}\\
|
|
254
dcd4688690ce
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
845 |
\bl{$L(c)$} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\{[c]\}$}\\
|
|
dcd4688690ce
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
846 |
\bl{$L(r_1 + r_2)$} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$L(r_1) \cup L(r_2)$}\\
|
|
dcd4688690ce
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
847 |
\bl{$L(r_1 \cdot r_2)$} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\{ s_1 \,@\, s_2 \;|\; s_1 \in L(r_1) \wedge s_2 \in L(r_2) \}$}\\
|
|
428
a47c4227a0c6
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
848 |
\bl{$L(r^*)$} & \bl{$\dn$} & \onslide<4->{\bl{$\bigcup_{0 \le n} L(r)^n$}}\\
|
| 4 | 849 |
\end{tabular}\bigskip
|
| 3 | 850 |
|
| 4 | 851 |
\onslide<2->{
|
|
254
dcd4688690ce
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
852 |
\hspace{5mm}\bl{$L(r)^0 \;\dn\; \{[]\}$}\\
|
|
dcd4688690ce
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
853 |
\bl{$L(r)^{n+1} \;\dn\; L(r) \,@\, L(r)^n$}\hspace{9mm}\onslide<3->{\small\textcolor{gray}{(append on sets)}\\
|
|
dcd4688690ce
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
854 |
\small\hspace{5cm}\textcolor{gray}{$\{ s_1 @ s_2 \;|\; s_1\in L(r) \wedge s_2 \in L(r)^n \}$}}
|
| 4 | 855 |
} |
856 |
\end{textblock}
|
|
857 |
||
| 0 | 858 |
\end{frame}}
|
859 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
860 |
||
| 5 | 861 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
862 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
|
254
dcd4688690ce
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
863 |
\frametitle{The Meaning of Matching}
|
| 5 | 864 |
|
|
254
dcd4688690ce
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
865 |
\begin{bubble}[10cm]
|
| 559 | 866 |
\large\bf |
| 507 | 867 |
A regular expression \bl{$r$} matches a string~\bl{$s$}
|
|
254
dcd4688690ce
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
868 |
provided |
| 5 | 869 |
|
870 |
\begin{center}
|
|
|
254
dcd4688690ce
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
871 |
\bl{$s \in L(r)$}\\
|
| 5 | 872 |
\end{center}
|
|
330
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
873 |
\end{bubble}\bigskip\bigskip
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
874 |
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
875 |
\ldots and the point of the next lecture is |
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
876 |
to decide this problem as fast as possible (unlike Python, |
|
428
a47c4227a0c6
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
877 |
Ruby, Java) |
| 5 | 878 |
|
|
254
dcd4688690ce
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
253
diff
changeset
|
879 |
\end{frame}
|
| 5 | 880 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
881 |
||
| 631 | 882 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
883 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
884 |
\frametitle{The Power Operation}
|
|
885 |
||
886 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
887 |
\item The \alert{\textbf{\boldmath$n$th Power}} of a language:
|
|
888 |
||
889 |
\begin{center}
|
|
890 |
\begin{tabular}{lcl}
|
|
891 |
\bl{$A^0$} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$\{[]\}$}\\
|
|
892 |
\bl{$A^{n+1}$} & \bl{$\dn$} & \bl{$A \,@\, A^n$}
|
|
893 |
\end{tabular}
|
|
894 |
\end{center}\bigskip
|
|
895 |
||
896 |
\item[] For example |
|
897 |
||
898 |
\begin{center}
|
|
899 |
\begin{tabular}{lcl@{\hspace{10mm}}l}
|
|
900 |
\bl{$A^4$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$A \,@\, A \,@\, A \,@\, A$} & \bl{$(@\,\{[]\})$}\\
|
|
901 |
\bl{$A^1$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$A$} & \bl{$(@\,\{[]\})$}\\
|
|
902 |
\bl{$A^0$} & \bl{$=$} & \bl{$\{[]\}$}\\
|
|
903 |
\end{tabular}
|
|
904 |
\end{center}
|
|
905 |
||
906 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
907 |
||
908 |
\end{frame}
|
|
909 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
910 |
||
911 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
912 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
913 |
\frametitle{Questions}
|
|
914 |
||
915 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
916 |
\item Say \bl{$A = \{[a],[b],[c],[d]\}$}.\bigskip
|
|
917 |
||
918 |
\item[] |
|
919 |
How many strings are in \bl{$A^4$}\,?
|
|
920 |
\bigskip\medskip\pause |
|
921 |
||
922 |
||
923 |
\item[] |
|
924 |
What if \bl{$A = \{[a],[b],[c],[]\}$};\\
|
|
925 |
how many strings are then in \bl{$A^4$}\,?
|
|
926 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
927 |
||
928 |
\end{frame}
|
|
929 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
930 |
||
931 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
932 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
933 |
\frametitle{The Star Operation}
|
|
934 |
||
935 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
936 |
\item The \alert{\bf Kleene Star} of a \underline{language}:
|
|
937 |
\bigskip |
|
938 |
||
939 |
\begin{center}
|
|
940 |
\begin{tabular}{c}
|
|
941 |
\bl{$A\star \dn \bigcup_{0\le n} A^n$}
|
|
942 |
\end{tabular}
|
|
943 |
\end{center}\bigskip
|
|
944 |
||
945 |
\item[] This expands to |
|
946 |
||
947 |
\[ |
|
948 |
\bl{A^0 \cup A^1 \cup A^2 \cup A^3 \cup A^4 \cup \ldots}
|
|
949 |
\] |
|
950 |
||
951 |
or |
|
952 |
||
953 |
\small |
|
954 |
\[ |
|
955 |
\bl{\{[]\} \;\cup\; A \;\cup\; A\,@\,A \;\cup\;
|
|
956 |
A\,@\,A\,@\,A \;\cup\; A\,@\,A\,@\,A\,@\,A \cup \ldots} |
|
957 |
\] |
|
958 |
||
959 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
960 |
||
961 |
\end{frame}
|
|
962 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
963 |
||
964 |
||
| 0 | 965 |
|
966 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
967 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
|
253
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
968 |
\frametitle{Written Exam}
|
|
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
969 |
|
|
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
970 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
428
a47c4227a0c6
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
971 |
\item Accounts for 80\%.\bigskip |
|
253
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
972 |
|
| 559 | 973 |
\item The question ``\textit{Is this relevant for
|
|
330
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
974 |
the exam?}'' is very demotivating for the lecturer!\bigskip\\ |
|
253
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
975 |
|
|
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
976 |
\item Deal: Whatever is in the homework (and is not marked |
|
330
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
977 |
``\textit{optional}'') is relevant for the exam.\bigskip
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
978 |
|
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
979 |
\item Each lecture has also a handout. There are also handouts about |
|
0806e45d873c
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
328
diff
changeset
|
980 |
notation and Scala. |
|
253
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
981 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
982 |
|
|
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
983 |
\end{frame}
|
|
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
984 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
985 |
|
|
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
986 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
987 |
\begin{frame}[t]
|
|
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
988 |
\frametitle{Coursework}
|
| 0 | 989 |
|
990 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
|
428
a47c4227a0c6
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
334
diff
changeset
|
991 |
\item Accounts for 20\%. Two strands. Choose \alert{\bf one}!\bigskip
|
| 0 | 992 |
\end{itemize}
|
993 |
||
|
255
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
994 |
\begin{columns}[t]
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
995 |
\begin{column}{.5\textwidth}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
996 |
\underline{\bf Strand 1}\medskip
|
|
253
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
997 |
\begin{itemize}
|
| 631 | 998 |
\item 4 programming tasks: |
|
253
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
999 |
\begin{itemize}
|
| 631 | 1000 |
\item matcher (4\%, 11.10.) |
1001 |
\item lexer (5\%, 04.11.) |
|
1002 |
\item parser (5\%, 22.11.) |
|
1003 |
\item compiler (6\%, 13.12.) |
|
|
253
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
1004 |
\end{itemize}
|
| 631 | 1005 |
\item in any lang.~you like,\\ but I want to see the\\ code |
|
253
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
1006 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
1007 |
\end{column}
|
|
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
1008 |
|
|
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
1009 |
\hspace{-45pt}\vrule{}\hspace{10pt}
|
|
255
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
1010 |
\begin{column}{.5\textwidth}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
1011 |
\underline{\bf Strand 2}\smallskip\begin{itemize}
|
|
253
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
1012 |
\item one task: prove the correctness of a regular expression matcher in |
| 559 | 1013 |
the \underline{Isabelle} theorem prover
|
| 631 | 1014 |
\item 20\%, submission on~13.12.\hspace{-5mm}\mbox{}
|
|
253
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
1015 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
1016 |
\end{column}
|
|
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
1017 |
\end{columns}\medskip
|
|
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
1018 |
|
|
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
1019 |
\small |
|
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
1020 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
1021 |
\item Solving more than one strand will {\bf not} give you more
|
| 506 | 1022 |
marks. |
1023 |
||
|
253
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
1024 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
1025 |
|
|
75c469893514
added coursework
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
252
diff
changeset
|
1026 |
\end{frame}
|
| 0 | 1027 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
1028 |
||
|
255
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
1029 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
1030 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
| 506 | 1031 |
\frametitle{Lecture Capture}
|
1032 |
||
1033 |
\begin{itemize}
|
|
| 559 | 1034 |
\item Hope it works\ldots\pause actually no, it does not!\medskip\pause |
1035 |
\item It is important to use lecture capture wisely\\ (it is only the ``baseline''): |
|
| 506 | 1036 |
\begin{itemize}
|
1037 |
\item Lecture recordings are a study and revision aid. |
|
1038 |
\item Statistically, there is a clear and direct link between attendance and |
|
1039 |
attainment: Students who do not attend lectures, do less well in exams. |
|
1040 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
1041 |
||
1042 |
\item Attending a lecture is more than watching it online -- if you do not |
|
1043 |
attend, you miss out! |
|
1044 |
||
1045 |
\end{itemize}
|
|
1046 |
||
1047 |
\end{frame}
|
|
1048 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
1049 |
||
1050 |
||
1051 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
|
1052 |
\begin{frame}[c]
|
|
|
255
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
1053 |
\frametitle{\begin{tabular}{c}\\[3cm]\alert{Questions?}\end{tabular}}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
1054 |
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
1055 |
\mbox{}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
1056 |
\end{frame}
|
|
96a99237fa42
updated
Christian Urban <christian dot urban at kcl dot ac dot uk>
parents:
254
diff
changeset
|
1057 |
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% |
| 0 | 1058 |
\end{document}
|
1059 |
||
1060 |
%%% Local Variables: |
|
1061 |
%%% mode: latex |
|
1062 |
%%% TeX-master: t |
|
1063 |
%%% End: |
|
1064 |