// A Small Compiler for a Simple Functional Language

// (includes a lexer and a parser)

object Fun_Parser {

import scala.language.implicitConversions    

import scala.language.reflectiveCalls

import java.io._

abstract class Token extends Serializable 

case object T_SEMI extends Token

case object T_COMMA extends Token

case object T_LPAREN extends Token

case object T_RPAREN extends Token

case class T_ID(s: String) extends Token

case class T_OP(s: String) extends Token

case class T_NUM(n: Int) extends Token

case class T_KWD(s: String) extends Token

// Parser combinators

//    type parameter I needs to be of Seq-type

//

abstract class Parser[I, T](implicit ev: I => Seq[_]) {

  def parse(ts: I): Set[(T, I)]

  def parse_all(ts: I) : Set[T] =

    for ((head, tail) <- parse(ts); if (tail.isEmpty)) yield head

  def parse_single(ts: I) : T = parse_all(ts).toList match {

    case List(t) => t

    case _ => { println ("Parse Error\n") ; sys.exit(-1) }

  }

}

// convenience for writing grammar rules

case class ~[+A, +B](_1: A, _2: B)

class SeqParser[I, T, S](p: => Parser[I, T], 

                         q: => Parser[I, S])(implicit ev: I => Seq[_]) extends Parser[I, ~[T, S]] {

  def parse(sb: I) = 

    for ((head1, tail1) <- p.parse(sb); 

         (head2, tail2) <- q.parse(tail1)) yield (new ~(head1, head2), tail2)

}

class AltParser[I, T](p: => Parser[I, T], 

                      q: => Parser[I, T])(implicit ev: I => Seq[_]) extends Parser[I, T] {

  def parse(sb: I) = p.parse(sb) ++ q.parse(sb)   

}

class FunParser[I, T, S](p: => Parser[I, T], 

                         f: T => S)(implicit ev: I => Seq[_]) extends Parser[I, S] {

  def parse(sb: I) = 

    for ((head, tail) <- p.parse(sb)) yield (f(head), tail)

}

// convenient combinators

implicit def ParserOps[I, T](p: Parser[I, T])(implicit ev: I => Seq[_]) = new {

  def || (q : => Parser[I, T]) = new AltParser[I, T](p, q)

  def ==>[S] (f: => T => S) = new FunParser[I, T, S](p, f)

  def ~[S] (q : => Parser[I, S]) = new SeqParser[I, T, S](p, q)

}

def ListParser[I, T, S](p: => Parser[I, T], 

                        q: => Parser[I, S])(implicit ev: I => Seq[_]): Parser[I, List[T]] = {

  (p ~ q ~ ListParser(p, q)) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => x :: z : List[T] } ||

  (p ==> ((s) => List(s)))

}

case class TokParser(tok: Token) extends Parser[List[Token], Token] {

  def parse(ts: List[Token]) = ts match {

    case t::ts if (t == tok) => Set((t, ts)) 

    case _ => Set ()

  }

}

implicit def token2tparser(t: Token) = TokParser(t)

implicit def TokOps(t: Token) = new {

  def || (q : => Parser[List[Token], Token]) = new AltParser[List[Token], Token](t, q)

  def ==>[S] (f: => Token => S) = new FunParser[List[Token], Token, S](t, f)

  def ~[S](q : => Parser[List[Token], S]) = new SeqParser[List[Token], Token, S](t, q)

}

case object NumParser extends Parser[List[Token], Int] {

  def parse(ts: List[Token]) = ts match {

    case T_NUM(n)::ts => Set((n, ts)) 

    case _ => Set ()

  }

}

case object IdParser extends Parser[List[Token], String] {

  def parse(ts: List[Token]) = ts match {

    case T_ID(s)::ts => Set((s, ts)) 

    case _ => Set ()

  }

}

// Abstract syntax trees for the Fun language

abstract class Exp extends Serializable 

abstract class BExp extends Serializable 

abstract class Decl extends Serializable 

case class Def(name: String, args: List[String], body: Exp) extends Decl

case class Main(e: Exp) extends Decl

case class Call(name: String, args: List[Exp]) extends Exp

case class If(a: BExp, e1: Exp, e2: Exp) extends Exp

case class Write(e: Exp) extends Exp

case class Var(s: String) extends Exp

case class Num(i: Int) extends Exp

case class Aop(o: String, a1: Exp, a2: Exp) extends Exp

case class Sequence(e1: Exp, e2: Exp) extends Exp

case class Bop(o: String, a1: Exp, a2: Exp) extends BExp

// Grammar Rules for the Fun language

// arithmetic expressions

lazy val Exp: Parser[List[Token], Exp] = 

  (T_KWD("if") ~ BExp ~ T_KWD("then") ~ Exp ~ T_KWD("else") ~ Exp) ==>

    { case _ ~ x ~ _ ~ y ~ _ ~ z => If(x, y, z): Exp } ||

  (M ~ T_SEMI ~ Exp) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ y => Sequence(x, y): Exp } || M

lazy val M: Parser[List[Token], Exp] =

  (T_KWD("write") ~ L) ==> { case _ ~ y => Write(y): Exp } || L

lazy val L: Parser[List[Token], Exp] = 

  (T ~ T_OP("+") ~ Exp) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Aop("+", x, z): Exp } ||

  (T ~ T_OP("-") ~ Exp) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Aop("-", x, z): Exp } || T  

lazy val T: Parser[List[Token], Exp] = 

  (F ~ T_OP("*") ~ T) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Aop("*", x, z): Exp } || 

  (F ~ T_OP("/") ~ T) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Aop("/", x, z): Exp } || 

  (F ~ T_OP("%") ~ T) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Aop("%", x, z): Exp } || F

lazy val F: Parser[List[Token], Exp] = 

  (IdParser ~ T_LPAREN ~ ListParser(Exp, T_COMMA) ~ T_RPAREN) ==> 

    { case x ~ _ ~ z ~ _ => Call(x, z): Exp } ||

  (T_LPAREN ~ Exp ~ T_RPAREN) ==> { case _ ~ y ~ _ => y: Exp } || 

  IdParser ==> { case x => Var(x): Exp } || 

  NumParser ==> { case x => Num(x): Exp }

// boolean expressions

lazy val BExp: Parser[List[Token], BExp] = 

  (Exp ~ T_OP("==") ~ Exp) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Bop("==", x, z): BExp } || 

  (Exp ~ T_OP("!=") ~ Exp) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Bop("!=", x, z): BExp } || 

  (Exp ~ T_OP("<") ~ Exp) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Bop("<", x, z): BExp } || 

  (Exp ~ T_OP(">") ~ Exp) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Bop("<", z, x): BExp } || 

  (Exp ~ T_OP("<=") ~ Exp) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Bop("<=", x, z): BExp } || 

  (Exp ~ T_OP("=>") ~ Exp) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => Bop("<=", z, x): BExp }  

lazy val Defn: Parser[List[Token], Decl] =

   (T_KWD("def") ~ IdParser ~ T_LPAREN ~ ListParser(IdParser, T_COMMA) ~ T_RPAREN ~ T_OP("=") ~ Exp) ==>

     { case _ ~ y ~ _ ~ w ~ _ ~ _ ~ r => Def(y, w, r): Decl }

lazy val Prog: Parser[List[Token], List[Decl]] =

  (Defn ~ T_SEMI ~ Prog) ==> { case x ~ _ ~ z => x :: z : List[Decl] } ||

  (Exp ==> ((s) => List(Main(s)) : List[Decl]))

// Reading tokens and Writing parse trees

def serialise[T](fname: String, data: T) = {

  val out = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(fname))

  out.writeObject(data)

  out.close

}

def deserialise[T](fname: String) : T = {

  val in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(fname))

  val data = in.readObject.asInstanceOf[T]

  in.close

  data

}

def main(args: Array[String]) = {

  val fname = args(0)

  val pname = fname.stripSuffix(".tks") ++ ".prs"

  val tks = deserialise[List[Token]](fname)

  serialise(pname, Prog.parse_single(tks))

  // testing whether read-back is working

  //val ptree = deserialise[List[Decl]](pname)

  //println(s"Reading back from ${pname}:\n${ptree.mkString("\n")}")  

}

}