import scala.language.implicitConversions

import scala.language.reflectiveCalls

/* Note, in the lectures I did not show the type consraint

 * I <% Seq[_] , which means that the input type I can be

 * treated, or seen, as a sequence. */

abstract class Parser[I <% Seq[_], T] {

  def parse(ts: I): Set[(T, I)]

  def parse_all(ts: I) : Set[T] =

    for ((head, tail) <- parse(ts); 

        if (tail.isEmpty)) yield head

}

class SeqParser[I <% Seq[_], T, S](p: => Parser[I, T], 

                                   q: => Parser[I, S]) extends Parser[I, (T, S)] {

  def parse(sb: I) = 

    for ((head1, tail1) <- p.parse(sb); 

         (head2, tail2) <- q.parse(tail1)) yield ((head1, head2), tail2)

}

class AltParser[I <% Seq[_], T](p: => Parser[I, T], 

                                q: => Parser[I, T]) extends Parser[I, T] {

  def parse(sb: I) = p.parse(sb) ++ q.parse(sb)   

}

class FunParser[I <% Seq[_], T, S](p: => Parser[I, T], 

                                   f: T => S) extends Parser[I, S] {

  def parse(sb: I) = 

    for ((head, tail) <- p.parse(sb)) yield (f(head), tail)

}

// atomic parsers  

case class CharParser(c: Char) extends Parser[String, Char] {

  def parse(sb: String) = 

    if (sb != "" && sb.head == c) Set((c, sb.tail)) else Set()

}

  }

}

// convenience

implicit def string2parser(s: String) = StringParser(s)

implicit def char2parser(c: Char) = CharParser(c)

implicit def ParserOps[I<% Seq[_], T](p: Parser[I, T]) = new {

  def || (q : => Parser[I, T]) = new AltParser[I, T](p, q)

  def ==>[S] (f: => T => S) = new FunParser[I, T, S](p, f)

  def ~[S] (q : => Parser[I, S]) = new SeqParser[I, T, S](p, q)

}

implicit def StringOps(s: String) = new {

  def || (q : => Parser[String, String]) = new AltParser[String, String](s, q)

  def || (r: String) = new AltParser[String, String](s, r)

  def ==>[S] (f: => String => S) = new FunParser[String, String, S](s, f)

  def ~[S] (q : => Parser[String, S]) = 

    new SeqParser[String, String, S](s, q)

  def ~ (r: String) = 

    new SeqParser[String, String, String](s, r)

}

// a parse palindromes

lazy val Pal : Parser[String, String] = 

  (("a" ~ Pal ~ "a") ==> { case ((x, y), z) => x + y + z } ||

   ("b" ~ Pal ~ "b") ==> { case ((x, y), z) => x + y + z } || "a" || "b" || "")

Pal.parse_all("abaaaba")

println("Palindrome: " + Pal.parse_all("abaaaba"))

// well-nested parenthesis parser

lazy val P : Parser[String, String] = 

  "(" ~ P ~ ")" ~ P ==> { case (((u, x), y), z) => "{" + x + "}" + z } || ""

P.parse_all("(((()()))())")

P.parse_all("(((()()))()))")

P.parse_all(")(")

P.parse_all("()")

// arithmetic expressions

lazy val E: Parser[String, Int] = 

  (T ~ "+" ~ E) ==> { case ((x, y), z) => x + z } ||

  (T ~ "-" ~ E) ==> { case ((x, y), z) => x - z } || T 

lazy val T: Parser[String, Int] = 

  ((F ~ "*" ~ T) ==> { case ((x, y), z) => x * z } || F)

lazy val F: Parser[String, Int] = 

  ("(" ~ E ~ ")") ==> { case ((x, y), z) => y } || NumParser

println(E.parse("4*2+3"))

println(E.parse_all("4/2+3"))

println(E.parse("1 + 2 * 3"))

println(E.parse_all("(1+2)+3"))

println(E.parse_all("1+2+3"))  

// no left-recursion allowed, otherwise will loop

lazy val EL: Parser[String, Int] = 

  ((EL ~ "+" ~ EL) ==> { case ((x, y), z) => x + z} || 

   (EL ~ "*" ~ EL) ==> { case ((x, y), z) => x * z} ||

   ("(" ~ EL ~ ")") ==> { case ((x, y), z) => y} ||

   NumParser)

//println(E.parse_all("1+2+3"))

// a repetition parser

def RepParser[I  <% Seq[_], T](p: => Parser[I, T]): Parser[I, List[T]] = {

  p ==> { case x => x :: Nil } ||

  p ~ RepParser(p) ==> { case (x, y) => x :: y }   

}

// a repetition parser

lazy val R : Parser[String, List[Char]] = RepParser('a') 

println(R.parse_all("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"))

// non-ambiguous vs ambiguous grammars

lazy val S : Parser[String, String] =

  ("1" ~ S ~ S) ==> { case ((x, y), z) => x + y + z } || ""

S.parse("1" * 15)

lazy val U : Parser[String, String] =

  ("1" ~ U) ==> { case (x, y) => x + y  } || ""

U.parse("1" * 15)

U.parse("11")

U.parse("11111")

U.parse("11011")

U.parse_all("1" * 100)

U.parse_all("1" * 100 + "0")

lazy val UCount : Parser[String, Int] =

  ("1" ~ UCount) ==> { case (x, y) => y + 1 } || 

  "" ==> { (x) => 0 }

UCount.parse("11111")

UCount.parse_all("11111")

// Single Character parser

lazy val One : Parser[String, String] = "1"

lazy val Two : Parser[String, String] = "2"

One.parse("1")

One.parse("111")

(One ~ One).parse("111")

(One ~ One ~ One).parse("111")

(One ~ One ~ One ~ One).parse("1111")

(One || Two).parse("111")

for (x <- List(1, 2, 3, 4)) println(x)

for (x <- List(1, 2, 3, 4); if (2 < x)) yield (x.toString + x.toString)

for (x <- List("2", "1", "3", "4", "1")) yield (x + x + x)

(1, "one", '1')._3

for ((x, y) <- List((1, "one"), (2, "two"), (3, "three"), (4,"many")); if (y == "many"))

  yield (x.toString + y)

// Example section for lazy evaluation

def square(n: Int) = {

  n * n

}

square(4 + 3 + 5)

def bar(): Int = {

  bar()

  3

}

//would loop

square(bar())

// lazy

def foo(n: => Int) = {

  print("finished")

}

foo(bar())